2 # Copyright 2007-2012 The OpenLDAP Foundation, All Rights Reserved.
3 # COPYING RESTRICTIONS APPLY, see COPYRIGHT.
5 H1: Changes Since Previous Release
7 The following sections attempt to summarize the new features and changes in OpenLDAP
8 software since the 2.3.x release and the OpenLDAP Admin Guide.
10 H2: New Guide Sections
12 In order to make the Admin Guide more thorough and cover the majority of questions
13 asked on the OpenLDAP mailing lists and scenarios discussed there, we have added the following new sections:
15 * {{SECT:When should I use LDAP?}}
16 * {{SECT:When should I not use LDAP?}}
17 * {{SECT:LDAP vs RDBMS}}
18 * {{SECT:Access Control}}
21 * {{SECT:Replication}}
22 * {{SECT:Maintenance}}
25 * {{SECT:Troubleshooting}}
26 * {{SECT:Changes Since Previous Release}}
27 * {{SECT:Upgrading from 2.3.x}}
28 * {{SECT:Common errors encountered when using OpenLDAP Software}}
29 * {{SECT:Recommended OpenLDAP Software Dependency Versions}}
30 * {{SECT:Real World OpenLDAP Deployments and Examples}}
31 * {{SECT:OpenLDAP Software Contributions}}
32 * {{SECT:Configuration File Examples}}
33 * {{SECT:LDAP Result Codes}}
36 Also, the table of contents is now 3 levels deep to ease navigation.
39 H2: New Features and Enhancements in 2.4
41 H3: Better {{B:cn=config}} functionality
43 There is a new slapd-config(5) manpage for the {{B:cn=config}} backend. The
44 original design called for auto-renaming of config entries when you insert or
45 delete entries with ordered names, but that was not implemented in 2.3. It is
46 now in 2.4. This means, e.g., if you have
48 > olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config
49 > olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com
51 and you want to add a new subordinate, now you can ldapadd:
53 > olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config
54 > olcSuffix: dc=foo,dc=example,dc=com
56 This will insert a new BDB database in slot 1 and bump all following databases
57 down one, so the original BDB database will now be named:
59 > olcDatabase={2}bdb,cn=config
60 > olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com
62 H3: Better {{B:cn=schema}} functionality
64 In 2.3 you were only able to add new schema elements, not delete or modify
65 existing elements. In 2.4 you can modify schema at will. (Except for the
66 hardcoded system schema, of course.)
68 H3: More sophisticated Syncrepl configurations
70 The original implementation of Syncrepl in OpenLDAP 2.2 was intended to support
71 multiple consumers within the same database, but that feature never worked and
72 was removed from OpenLDAP 2.3; you could only configure a single consumer in
75 In 2.4 you can configure multiple consumers in a single database. The configuration
76 possibilities here are quite complex and numerous. You can configure consumers
77 over arbitrary subtrees of a database (disjoint or overlapping). Any portion
78 of the database may in turn be provided to other consumers using the Syncprov
79 overlay. The Syncprov overlay works with any number of consumers over a single
80 database or over arbitrarily many glued databases.
82 H3: N-Way Multimaster Replication
84 As a consequence of the work to support multiple consumer contexts, the syncrepl
85 system now supports full N-Way multimaster replication with entry-level conflict
86 resolution. There are some important constraints, of course: In order to maintain
87 consistent results across all servers, you must maintain tightly synchronized
88 clocks across all participating servers (e.g., you must use NTP on all servers).
90 The entryCSNs used for replication now record timestamps with microsecond resolution,
91 instead of just seconds. The delta-syncrepl code has not been updated to support
92 multimaster usage yet, that will come later in the 2.4 cycle.
94 H3: Replicating {{slapd}} Configuration (syncrepl and {{B:cn=config}})
96 Syncrepl was explicitly disabled on cn=config in 2.3. It is now fully supported
97 in 2.4; you can use syncrepl to replicate an entire server configuration from
98 one server to arbitrarily many other servers. It's possible to clone an entire
99 running slapd using just a small (less than 10 lines) seed configuration, or
100 you can just replicate the schema subtrees, etc. Tests 049 and 050 in the test
101 suite provide working examples of these capabilities.
104 H3: Push-Mode Replication
106 In 2.3 you could configure syncrepl as a full push-mode replicator by using it
107 in conjunction with a back-ldap pointed at the target server. But because the
108 back-ldap database needs to have a suffix corresponding to the target's suffix,
109 you could only configure one instance per slapd.
111 In 2.4 you can define a database to be "hidden", which means that its suffix is
112 ignored when checking for name collisions, and the database will never be used
113 to answer requests received by the frontend. Using this "hidden" database feature
114 allows you to configure multiple databases with the same suffix, allowing you to
115 set up multiple back-ldap instances for pushing replication of a single database
116 to multiple targets. There may be other uses for hidden databases as well (e.g.,
117 using a syncrepl consumer to maintain a *local* mirror of a database on a separate filesystem).
120 H3: More extensive TLS configuration control
122 In 2.3, the TLS configuration in slapd was only used by the slapd listeners. For
123 outbound connections used by e.g. back-ldap or syncrepl their TLS parameters came
124 from the system's ldap.conf file.
126 In 2.4 all of these sessions inherit their settings from the main slapd configuration,
127 but settings can be individually overridden on a per-config-item basis. This is
128 particularly helpful if you use certificate-based authentication and need to use a
129 different client certificate for different destinations.
132 H3: Performance enhancements
134 Too many to list. Some notable changes - ldapadd used to be a couple of orders
135 of magnitude slower than "slapadd -q". It's now at worst only about half the
136 speed of slapadd -q. Some comparisons of all the 2.x OpenLDAP releases are available
137 at {{URL:http://www.openldap.org/pub/hyc/scale2007.pdf}}
139 That compared 2.0.27, 2.1.30, 2.2.30, 2.3.33, and CVS HEAD). Toward the latter end
140 of the "Cached Search Performance" chart it gets hard to see the difference
141 because the run times are so small, but the new code is about 25% faster than 2.3,
142 which was about 20% faster than 2.2, which was about 100% faster than 2.1, which
143 was about 100% faster than 2.0, in that particular search scenario. That test
144 basically searched a 1.3GB DB of 380836 entries (all in the slapd entry cache)
145 in under 1 second. i.e., on a 2.4GHz CPU with DDR400 ECC/Registered RAM we can
146 search over 500 thousand entries per second. The search was on an unindexed
147 attribute using a filter that would not match any entry, forcing slapd to examine
148 every entry in the DB, testing the filter for a match.
150 Essentially the slapd entry cache in back-bdb/back-hdb is so efficient the search
151 processing time is almost invisible; the runtime is limited only by the memory
152 bandwidth of the machine. (The search data rate corresponds to about 3.5GB/sec;
153 the memory bandwidth on the machine is only about 4GB/sec due to ECC and register latency.)
157 * slapo-constraint (Attribute value constraints)
158 * slapo-dds (Dynamic Directory Services, RFC 2589)
159 * slapo-memberof (reverse group membership maintenance)
161 H3: New features in existing Overlays
164 - Inspection/Maintenance
165 -- the cache database can be directly accessed via
166 LDAP by adding a specific control to each LDAP request; a specific
167 extended operation allows to consistently remove cached entries and entire
170 -- cached queries are saved on disk at shutdown, and reloaded if
171 not expired yet at subsequent restart
173 * slapo-rwm can safely interoperate with other overlays
174 * Dyngroup/Dynlist merge, plus security enhancements
175 - added dgIdentity support (draft-haripriya-dynamicgroup)
177 H3: New features in slapd
179 * monitoring of back-{b,h}db: cache fill-in, non-indexed searches,
180 * session tracking control (draft-wahl-ldap-session)
181 * subtree delete in back-sql (draft-armijo-ldap-treedelete)
182 * sorted values in multivalued attributes for faster matching
183 * lightweight dispatcher for greater throughput under heavy load and on
184 multiprocessor machines. (33% faster than 2.3 on AMD quad-socket dual-core server.)
187 H3: New features in libldap
189 * ldap_sync client API (LDAP Content Sync Operation, RFC 4533)
191 H3: New clients, tools and tool enhancements
193 * ldapexop for arbitrary extended operations
194 * Complete support of controls in request/response for all clients
195 * LDAP Client tools now honor SRV records
197 H3: New build options
199 * Support for building against GnuTLS
202 H2: Obsolete Features Removed From 2.4
204 These features were strongly deprecated in 2.3 and removed in 2.4.
208 Please read the {{SECT:Replication}} section as to why this is no longer in
213 back-ldbm was both slow and unreliable. Its byzantine indexing code was
214 prone to spontaneous corruption, as were the underlying database libraries
215 that were commonly used (e.g. GDBM or NDBM). back-bdb and back-hdb are
216 superior in every aspect, with simplified indexing to avoid index corruption,
217 fine-grained locking for greater concurrency, hierarchical caching for
218 greater performance, streamlined on-disk format for greater efficiency
219 and portability, and full transaction support for greater reliability.