4 \chapter{Volume Utility Tools}
5 \label{_UtilityChapter}
6 \index[general]{Volume Utility Tools}
7 \index[general]{Tools!Volume Utility}
9 This document describes the utility programs written to aid Bacula users and
10 developers in dealing with Volumes external to Bacula.
12 \section{Specifying the Configuration File}
13 \index[general]{Specifying the Configuration File}
15 Starting with version 1.27, each of the following programs requires a valid
16 Storage daemon configuration file (actually, the only part of the
17 configuration file that these programs need is the {\bf Device} resource
18 definitions). This permits the programs to find the configuration parameters
19 for your archive device (generally a tape drive). By default, they read {\bf
20 bacula-sd.conf} in the current directory, but you may specify a different
21 configuration file using the {\bf -c} option.
24 \section{Specifying a Device Name For a Tape}
25 \index[general]{Tape!Specifying a Device Name For a}
26 \index[general]{Specifying a Device Name For a Tape}
28 Each of these programs require a {\bf device-name} where the Volume can be
29 found. In the case of a tape, this is the physical device name such as {\bf
30 /dev/nst0} or {\bf /dev/rmt/0ubn} depending on your system. For the program to
31 work, it must find the identical name in the Device resource of the
32 configuration file. See below for specifying Volume names.
34 Please note that if you have Bacula running and you ant to use
35 one of these programs, you will either need to stop the Storage daemon, or
36 {\bf unmount} any tape drive you want to use, otherwise the drive
37 will {\bf busy} because Bacula is using it.
40 \section{Specifying a Device Name For a File}
41 \index[general]{File!Specifying a Device Name For a}
42 \index[general]{Specifying a Device Name For a File}
44 If you are attempting to read or write an archive file rather than a tape, the
45 {\bf device-name} should be the full path to the archive location including
46 the filename. The filename (last part of the specification) will be stripped
47 and used as the Volume name, and the path (first part before the filename)
48 must have the same entry in the configuration file. So, the path is equivalent
49 to the archive device name, and the filename is equivalent to the volume name.
52 \section{Specifying Volumes}
53 \index[general]{Volumes!Specifying}
54 \index[general]{Specifying Volumes}
56 In general, you must specify the Volume name to each of the programs below
57 (with the exception of {\bf btape}). The best method to do so is to specify a
58 {\bf bootstrap} file on the command line with the {\bf -b} option. As part of
59 the bootstrap file, you will then specify the Volume name or Volume names if
60 more than one volume is needed. For example, suppose you want to read tapes
61 {\bf tape1} and {\bf tape2}. First construct a {\bf bootstrap} file named say,
62 {\bf list.bsr} which contains:
70 where each Volume is separated by a vertical bar. Then simply use:
74 ./bls -b list.bsr /dev/nst0
78 In the case of Bacula Volumes that are on files, you may simply append volumes
83 ./bls /tmp/test1\|test2
87 where the backslash (\textbackslash{}) was necessary as a shell escape to
88 permit entering the vertical bar (|).
90 And finally, if you feel that specifying a Volume name is a bit complicated
91 with a bootstrap file, you can use the {\bf -V} option (on all programs except
92 {\bf bcopy}) to specify one or more Volume names separated by the vertical bar
97 ./bls -V Vol001 /dev/nst0
101 You may also specify an asterisk (*) to indicate that the program should
102 accept any volume. For example:
113 \index[general]{program!bls}
115 {\bf bls} can be used to do an {\bf ls} type listing of a {\bf Bacula} tape or
120 Usage: bls [options] <device-name>
121 -b <file> specify a bootstrap file
122 -c <file> specify a config file
123 -d <level> specify debug level
124 -e <file> exclude list
125 -i <file> include list
128 (no j or k option) list saved files
130 -p proceed inspite of errors
132 -V specify Volume names (separated by |)
133 -? print this message
137 For example, to list the contents of a tape:
141 ./bls -V Volume-name /dev/nst0
145 Or to list the contents of a file:
149 ./bls /tmp/Volume-name
151 ./bls -V Volume-name /tmp
155 Note that, in the case of a file, the Volume name becomes the filename, so in
156 the above example, you will replace the {\bf Volume-name} with the name of the volume
159 Normally if no options are specified, {\bf bls} will produce the equivalent
160 output to the {\bf ls -l} command for each file on the tape. Using other
161 options listed above, it is possible to display only the Job records, only the
162 tape blocks, etc. For example:
168 bls: butil.c:148 Using device: /tmp
169 drwxrwxr-x 3 k k 4096 02-10-19 21:08 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/
170 drwxrwxr-x 2 k k 4096 02-10-10 18:59 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/
171 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 54 02-07-06 18:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/Root
172 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 16 02-07-06 18:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/Repository
173 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 1783 02-10-10 18:59 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/Entries
174 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 97506 02-10-18 21:07 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/Makefile
175 -rw-r--r-- 1 k k 3513 02-10-18 21:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/Makefile.in
176 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 4669 02-07-06 18:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/README-config
177 -rw-r--r-- 1 k k 4391 02-09-14 16:51 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/authenticate.c
178 -rw-r--r-- 1 k k 3609 02-07-07 16:41 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/autoprune.c
179 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 4418 02-10-18 21:03 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/bacula-dir.conf
181 -rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 83 02-08-31 19:19 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/.cvsignore
182 bls: Got EOF on device /tmp
187 \subsection{Listing Jobs}
188 \index[general]{Listing Jobs with bls}
189 \index[general]{bls!Listing Jobs}
191 If you are listing a Volume to determine what Jobs to restore, normally the
192 {\bf -j} option provides you with most of what you will need as long as you
193 don't have multiple clients. For example,
197 ./bls -j -V Test1 -c stored.conf DDS-4
198 bls: butil.c:258 Using device: "DDS-4" for reading.
199 11-Jul 11:54 bls: Ready to read from volume "Test1" on device "DDS-4" (/dev/nst0).
200 Volume Record: File:blk=0:1 SessId=4 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=0 DataLen=165
201 Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:2 SessId=4 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=1 Level=F Type=B
202 Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:3 SessId=5 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=5 Level=F Type=B
203 Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:6 SessId=3 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=2 Level=F Type=B
204 Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:13 SessId=2 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=4 Level=F Type=B
205 End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:99 SessId=3 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=2 Level=F Type=B
206 Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T
207 End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:101 SessId=2 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=4 Level=F Type=B
208 Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T
209 End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:108 SessId=5 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=5 Level=F Type=B
210 Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T
211 End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:109 SessId=4 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=1 Level=F Type=B
212 Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T
213 11-Jul 11:54 bls: End of Volume at file 1 on device "DDS-4" (/dev/nst0), Volume "Test1"
214 11-Jul 11:54 bls: End of all volumes.
218 shows a full save followed by two incremental saves.
220 Adding the {\bf -v} option will display virtually all information that is
221 available for each record:
223 \subsection{Listing Blocks}
224 \index[general]{Listing Blocks with bls}
225 \index[general]{bls!Listing Blocks}
227 Normally, except for debugging purposes, you will not need to list Bacula
228 blocks (the "primitive" unit of Bacula data on the Volume). However, you can
233 ./bls -k /tmp/File002
234 bls: butil.c:148 Using device: /tmp
240 bls: Got EOF on device /tmp
241 End of File on device
245 By adding the {\bf -v} option, you can get more information, which can be
246 useful in knowing what sessions were written to the volume:
250 ./bls -k -v /tmp/File002
252 Id : Bacula 0.9 mortal
257 LabelType : VOL_LABEL
263 Date label written: 2002-10-19 at 21:16
264 Block: 1 blen=64512 First rec FI=VOL_LABEL SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=0 rlen=147
265 Block: 2 blen=64512 First rec FI=6 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=4087
266 Block: 3 blen=64512 First rec FI=12 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=5902
267 Block: 4 blen=64512 First rec FI=19 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=28382
269 Block: 65 blen=64512 First rec FI=83 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=1873
270 Block: 66 blen=19195 First rec FI=83 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=2973
271 bls: Got EOF on device /tmp
272 End of File on device
276 Armed with the SessionId and the SessionTime, you can extract just about
279 If you want to know even more, add a second {\bf -v} to the command line to
280 get a dump of every record in every block.
284 ./bls -k -v -v /tmp/File002
285 bls: block.c:79 Dump block 80f8ad0: size=64512 BlkNum=1
286 Hdrcksum=b1bdfd6d cksum=b1bdfd6d
287 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=VOL_LABEL Strm=0 len=147 p=80f8b40
288 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=SOS_LABEL Strm=-7 len=122 p=80f8be7
289 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=1 Strm=UATTR len=86 p=80f8c75
290 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=2 Strm=UATTR len=90 p=80f8cdf
291 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=3 Strm=UATTR len=92 p=80f8d4d
292 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=3 Strm=DATA len=54 p=80f8dbd
293 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=3 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=80f8e07
294 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=4 Strm=UATTR len=98 p=80f8e2b
295 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=4 Strm=DATA len=16 p=80f8ea1
296 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=4 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=80f8ec5
297 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=5 Strm=UATTR len=96 p=80f8ee9
298 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=5 Strm=DATA len=1783 p=80f8f5d
299 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=5 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=80f9668
300 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=UATTR len=95 p=80f968c
301 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=DATA len=32768 p=80f96ff
302 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=DATA len=32768 p=8101713
303 bls: block.c:79 Dump block 80f8ad0: size=64512 BlkNum=2
304 Hdrcksum=9acc1e7f cksum=9acc1e7f
305 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=contDATA len=4087 p=80f8b40
306 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=DATA len=31970 p=80f9b4b
307 bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=8101841
314 \index[general]{Bextract}
315 \index[general]{program!bextract}
317 If you find yourself using {\bf bextract}, you probably have done
318 something wrong. For example, if you are trying to recover a file
319 but are having problems, please see the \ilink {Restoring When Things Go
320 Wrong}{database_restore} section of the Restore chapter of this manual.
322 Normally, you will restore files by running a {\bf Restore} Job from the {\bf
323 Console} program. However, {\bf bextract} can be used to extract a single file
324 or a list of files from a Bacula tape or file. In fact, {\bf bextract} can be
325 a useful tool to restore files to an empty system assuming you are able to
326 boot, you have statically linked {\bf bextract} and you have an appropriate
327 {\bf bootstrap} file.
329 Please note that some of the current limitations of bextract are:
332 \item It cannot restore access control lists (ACL) that have been
333 backed up along with the file data.
334 \item It cannot restore encrypted files.
335 \item The command line length is relatively limited,
336 which means that you cannot enter a huge number of volumes. If you need to
337 enter more volumes than the command line supports, please use a bootstrap
347 Usage: bextract [-d debug_level] <device-name> <directory-to-store-files>
348 -b <file> specify a bootstrap file
349 -dnn set debug level to nn
350 -e <file> exclude list
351 -i <file> include list
352 -p proceed inspite of I/O errors
353 -V specify Volume names (separated by |)
354 -? print this message
358 where {\bf device-name} is the Archive Device (raw device name or full
359 filename) of the device to be read, and {\bf directory-to-store-files} is a
360 path prefix to prepend to all the files restored.
362 NOTE: On Windows systems, if you specify a prefix of say d:/tmp, any file that
363 would have been restored to {\bf c:/My Documents} will be restored to {\bf
364 d:/tmp/My Documents}. That is, the original drive specification will be
365 stripped. If no prefix is specified, the file will be restored to the original
368 \subsection{Extracting with Include or Exclude Lists}
369 \index[general]{Lists!Extracting with Include or Exclude}
370 \index[general]{Extracting with Include or Exclude Lists}
372 Using the {\bf -e} option, you can specify a file containing a list of files
373 to be excluded. Wildcards can be used in the exclusion list. This option will
374 normally be used in conjunction with the {\bf -i} option (see below). Both the
375 {\bf -e} and the {\bf -i} options may be specified at the same time as the
376 {\bf -b} option. The bootstrap filters will be applied first, then the include
377 list, then the exclude list.
379 Likewise, and probably more importantly, with the {\bf -i} option, you can
380 specify a file that contains a list (one file per line) of files and
381 directories to include to be restored. The list must contain the full filename
382 with the path. If you specify a path name only, all files and subdirectories
383 of that path will be restored. If you specify a line containing only the
384 filename (e.g. {\bf my-file.txt}) it probably will not be extracted because
385 you have not specified the full path.
387 For example, if the file {\bf include-list} contains:
400 ./bextract -i include-list -V Volume /dev/nst0 /tmp
404 will restore from the Bacula archive {\bf /dev/nst0} all files and directories
405 in the backup from {\bf /home/kern/bacula} and from {\bf /usr/local/bin}. The
406 restored files will be placed in a file of the original name under the
407 directory {\bf /tmp} (i.e. /tmp/home/kern/bacula/... and
408 /tmp/usr/local/bin/...).
410 \subsection{Extracting With a Bootstrap File}
411 \index[general]{File!Extracting With a Bootstrap}
412 \index[general]{Extracting With a Bootstrap File}
414 The {\bf -b} option is used to specify a {\bf bootstrap} file containing the
415 information needed to restore precisely the files you want. Specifying a {\bf
416 bootstrap} file is optional but recommended because it gives you the most
417 control over which files will be restored. For more details on the {\bf
418 bootstrap} file, please see
419 \ilink{Restoring Files with the Bootstrap File}{BootstrapChapter}
420 chapter of this document. Note, you may also use a bootstrap file produced by
421 the {\bf restore} command. For example:
425 ./bextract -b bootstrap-file /dev/nst0 /tmp
429 The bootstrap file allows detailed specification of what files you want
430 restored (extracted). You may specify a bootstrap file and include and/or
431 exclude files at the same time. The bootstrap conditions will first be
432 applied, and then each file record seen will be compared to the include and
435 \subsection{Extracting From Multiple Volumes}
436 \index[general]{Volumes!Extracting From Multiple}
437 \index[general]{Extracting From Multiple Volumes}
439 If you wish to extract files that span several Volumes, you can specify the
440 Volume names in the bootstrap file or you may specify the Volume names on the
441 command line by separating them with a vertical bar. See the section above
442 under the {\bf bls} program entitled {\bf Listing Multiple Volumes} for more
443 information. The same techniques apply equally well to the {\bf bextract}
444 program or read the \ilink{Bootstrap}{BootstrapChapter}
445 chapter of this document.
449 \index[general]{bscan}
450 \index[general]{program!bscan}
452 If you find yourself using this program, you have probably done something
453 wrong. For example, the best way to recover a lost or damaged Bacula
454 database is to reload the database by using the bootstrap file that
455 was written when you saved it (default bacula-dir.conf file).
457 The {\bf bscan} program can be used to re-create a database (catalog)
458 records from the backup information written to one or more Volumes. This
459 is normally needed only if one or more Volumes have been pruned or purged
460 from your catalog so that the records on the Volume are no longer in the
461 catalog, or for Volumes that you have archived. Note, if you scan in
462 Volumes that were previously purged, you will be able to do restores from
463 those Volumes. However, unless you modify the Job and File retention times
464 for the Jobs that were added by scanning, the next time you run any backup Job
465 with the same name, the records will be pruned again. Since it takes a
466 long time to scan Volumes this can be very frustrating.
468 With some care, {\bf bscan} can also be used to synchronize your existing
469 catalog with a Volume. Although we have never seen a case of bscan
470 damaging a catalog, since bscan modifies your catalog, we recommend that
471 you do a simple ASCII backup of your database before running {\bf bscan}
472 just to be sure. See \ilink{Compacting Your Database}{CompactingMySQL} for
473 the details of making a copy of your database.
475 {\bf bscan} can also be useful in a disaster recovery situation, after the
476 loss of a hard disk, if you do not have a valid {\bf bootstrap} file for
477 reloading your system, or if a Volume has been recycled but not overwritten,
478 you can use {\bf bscan} to re-create your database, which can then be used to
479 {\bf restore} your system or a file to its previous state.
486 Usage: bscan [options] <bacula-archive>
487 -b bootstrap specify a bootstrap file
488 -c <file> specify configuration file
489 -d <nn> set debug level to nn
490 -m update media info in database
491 -n <name> specify the database name (default bacula)
492 -u <user> specify database user name (default bacula)
493 -P <password> specify database password (default none)
494 -h <host> specify database host (default NULL)
495 -p proceed inspite of I/O errors
497 -s synchronize or store in database
499 -V <Volumes> specify Volume names (separated by |)
500 -w <dir> specify working directory (default from conf file)
501 -? print this message
505 If you are using MySQL or PostgreSQL, there is no need to supply a working
506 directory since in that case, bscan knows where the databases are. However, if
507 you have provided security on your database, you may need to supply either the
508 database name ({\bf -b} option), the user name ({\bf -u} option), and/or the
509 password ({\bf -p}) options.
511 NOTE: before {\bf bscan} can work, it needs at least a bare bones valid
512 database. If your database exists but some records are missing because
513 they were pruned, then you are all set. If your database was lost or
514 destroyed, then you must first ensure that you have the SQL program running
515 (MySQL or PostgreSQL), then you must create the Bacula database (normally
516 named bacula), and you must create the Bacula tables using the scripts in
517 the {\bf cats} directory. This is explained in the
518 \ilink{Installation}{CreateDatabase} chapter of the manual. Finally, before
519 scanning into an empty database, you must start and stop the Director with
520 the appropriate bacula-dir.conf file so that it can create the Client and
521 Storage records which are not stored on the Volumes. Without these
522 records, scanning is unable to connect the Job records to the proper
525 Forgetting for the moment the extra complications of a full rebuild of
526 your catalog, let's suppose that you did a backup to Volumes "Vol001"
527 and "Vol002", then sometime later all records of one or both those
528 Volumes were pruned or purged from the
529 database. By using {\bf bscan} you can recreate the catalog entries for
530 those Volumes and then use the {\bf restore} command in the Console to restore
531 whatever you want. A command something like:
535 bscan -c bacula-sd.conf -v -V Vol001\|Vol002 /dev/nst0
539 will give you an idea of what is going to happen without changing
540 your catalog. Of course, you may need to change the path to the Storage
541 daemon's conf file, the Volume name, and your tape (or disk) device name. This
542 command must read the entire tape, so if it has a lot of data, it may take a
543 long time, and thus you might want to immediately use the command listed
544 below. Note, if you are writing to a disk file, replace the device name with
545 the path to the directory that contains the Volumes. This must correspond to
546 the Archive Device in the conf file.
548 Then to actually write or store the records in the catalog, add the {\bf -s}
553 bscan -s -m -c bacula-sd.conf -v -V Vol001\|Vol002 /dev/nst0
557 When writing to the database, if bscan finds existing records, it will
558 generally either update them if something is wrong or leave them alone. Thus
559 if the Volumes you are scanning are all or partially in the catalog already, no
560 harm will be done to that existing data. Any missing data will simply be
563 If you have multiple tapes, you should scan them with:
567 bscan -s -m -c bacula-sd.conf -v -V Vol001\|Vol002\|Vol003 /dev/nst0
571 Since there is a limit on the command line length (511 bytes) accepted
572 by {\bf bscan}, if you have too many Volumes, you will need to manually
573 create a bootstrap file. See the \ilink{Bootstrap}{BootstrapChapter}
574 chapter of this manual for more details, in particular the section
575 entitled \ilink{Bootstrap for bscan}{bscanBootstrap}. Basically, the
576 .bsr file for the above example might look like:
586 Note: {\bf bscan} does not support supplying Volume names on the
587 command line and at the same time in a bootstrap file. Please
588 use only one or the other.
590 You should, always try to specify the tapes in the order they are written.
591 If you do not, any Jobs that span a volume may not be fully or properly
592 restored. However, bscan can handle scanning tapes that are not sequential. Any
593 incomplete records at the end of the tape will simply be ignored in that
594 case. If you are simply repairing an existing catalog, this may be OK, but
595 if you are creating a new catalog from scratch, it will leave your database
596 in an incorrect state. If you do not specify all necessary Volumes on a
597 single bscan command, bscan will not be able to correctly restore the
598 records that span two volumes. In other words, it is much better to
599 specify two or three volumes on a single bscan command (or in a .bsr file)
600 rather than run bscan two or three times, each with a single volume.
602 Note, the restoration process using bscan is not identical to the original
603 creation of the catalog data. This is because certain data such as Client
604 records and other non-essential data such
605 as volume reads, volume mounts, etc is not stored on the Volume, and thus is
606 not restored by bscan. The results of bscanning are, however, perfectly valid,
607 and will permit restoration of any or all the files in the catalog using the
608 normal Bacula console commands. If you are starting with an empty catalog
609 and expecting bscan to reconstruct it, you may be a bit disappointed, but
610 at a minimum, you must ensure that your bacula-dir.conf file is the same
611 as what it previously was -- that is, it must contain all the appropriate
612 Client resources so that they will be recreated in your new database {\bf
613 before} running bscan. Normally when the Director starts, it will recreate
614 any missing Client records in the catalog. Another problem you will have
615 is that even if the Volumes (Media records) are recreated in the database,
616 they will not have their autochanger status and slots properly set. As a
617 result, you will need to repair that by using the {\bf update slots}
618 command. There may be other considerations as well. Rather than
619 bscanning, you should always attempt to recover you previous catalog
623 \subsection{Using bscan to Compare a Volume to an existing Catalog}
624 \index[general]{Catalog!Using bscan to Compare a Volume to an existing}
625 \index[general]{Using bscan to Compare a Volume to an existing Catalog}
627 If you wish to compare the contents of a Volume to an existing catalog without
628 changing the catalog, you can safely do so if and only if you do {\bf not}
629 specify either the {\bf -m} or the {\bf -s} options. However, at this time
630 (Bacula version 1.26), the comparison routines are not as good or as thorough
631 as they should be, so we don't particularly recommend this mode other than for
634 \subsection{Using bscan to Recreate a Catalog from a Volume}
635 \index[general]{Volume!Using bscan to Recreate a Catalog from a Volume}
636 \index[general]{Using bscan to Recreate a Catalog from a Volume}
638 This is the mode for which {\bf bscan} is most useful. You can either {\bf
639 bscan} into a freshly created catalog, or directly into your existing catalog
640 (after having made an ASCII copy as described above). Normally, you should
641 start with a freshly created catalog that contains no data.
643 Starting with a single Volume named {\bf TestVolume1}, you run a command such
648 ./bscan -V TestVolume1 -v -s -m -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0
652 If there is more than one volume, simply append it to the first one separating
653 it with a vertical bar. You may need to precede the vertical bar with a
654 forward slash escape the shell -- e.g. {\bf
655 TestVolume1\textbackslash{}|TestVolume2}. The {\bf -v} option was added for
656 verbose output (this can be omitted if desired). The {\bf -s} option that
657 tells {\bf bscan} to store information in the database. The physical device
658 name {\bf /dev/nst0} is specified after all the options.
660 {\bf} For example, after having done a full backup of a directory, then two
661 incrementals, I reinitialized the SQLite database as described above, and
662 using the bootstrap.bsr file noted above, I entered the following command:
666 ./bscan -b bootstrap.bsr -v -s -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0
670 which produced the following output:
674 bscan: bscan.c:182 Using Database: bacula, User: bacula
675 bscan: bscan.c:673 Created Pool record for Pool: Default
676 bscan: bscan.c:271 Pool type "Backup" is OK.
677 bscan: bscan.c:632 Created Media record for Volume: TestVolume1
678 bscan: bscan.c:298 Media type "DDS-4" is OK.
679 bscan: bscan.c:307 VOL_LABEL: OK for Volume: TestVolume1
680 bscan: bscan.c:693 Created Client record for Client: Rufus
681 bscan: bscan.c:769 Created new JobId=1 record for original JobId=2
682 bscan: bscan.c:717 Created FileSet record "Kerns Files"
683 bscan: bscan.c:819 Updated Job termination record for new JobId=1
684 bscan: bscan.c:905 Created JobMedia record JobId 1, MediaId 1
685 bscan: Got EOF on device /dev/nst0
686 bscan: bscan.c:693 Created Client record for Client: Rufus
687 bscan: bscan.c:769 Created new JobId=2 record for original JobId=3
688 bscan: bscan.c:708 Fileset "Kerns Files" already exists.
689 bscan: bscan.c:819 Updated Job termination record for new JobId=2
690 bscan: bscan.c:905 Created JobMedia record JobId 2, MediaId 1
691 bscan: Got EOF on device /dev/nst0
692 bscan: bscan.c:693 Created Client record for Client: Rufus
693 bscan: bscan.c:769 Created new JobId=3 record for original JobId=4
694 bscan: bscan.c:708 Fileset "Kerns Files" already exists.
695 bscan: bscan.c:819 Updated Job termination record for new JobId=3
696 bscan: bscan.c:905 Created JobMedia record JobId 3, MediaId 1
697 bscan: Got EOF on device /dev/nst0
698 bscan: bscan.c:652 Updated Media record at end of Volume: TestVolume1
699 bscan: bscan.c:428 End of Volume. VolFiles=3 VolBlocks=57 VolBytes=10,027,437
703 The key points to note are that {\bf bscan} prints a line when each major
704 record is created. Due to the volume of output, it does not print a line for
705 each file record unless you supply the {\bf -v} option twice or more on the
708 In the case of a Job record, the new JobId will not normally be the same as
709 the original Jobid. For example, for the first JobId above, the new JobId is
710 1, but the original JobId is 2. This is nothing to be concerned about as it is
711 the normal nature of databases. {\bf bscan} will keep everything straight.
713 Although {\bf bscan} claims that it created a Client record for Client: Rufus
714 three times, it was actually only created the first time. This is normal.
716 You will also notice that it read an end of file after each Job (Got EOF on
717 device ...). Finally the last line gives the total statistics for the bscan.
719 If you had added a second {\bf -v} option to the command line, Bacula would
720 have been even more verbose, dumping virtually all the details of each Job
721 record it encountered.
723 Now if you start Bacula and enter a {\bf list jobs} command to the console
724 program, you will get:
728 +-------+----------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------+---------+
729 | JobId | Name | StartTime | Type | Lvl | JobFiles | JobBytes | JobStat |
730 +-------+----------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------+---------+
731 | 1 | kernsave | 2002-10-07 14:59 | B | F | 84 | 4180207 | T |
732 | 2 | kernsave | 2002-10-07 15:00 | B | I | 15 | 2170314 | T |
733 | 3 | kernsave | 2002-10-07 15:01 | B | I | 33 | 3662184 | T |
734 +-------+----------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------+---------+
738 which corresponds virtually identically with what the database contained
739 before it was re-initialized and restored with bscan. All the Jobs and Files
740 found on the tape are restored including most of the Media record. The Volume
741 (Media) records restored will be marked as {\bf Full} so that they cannot be
742 rewritten without operator intervention.
744 It should be noted that {\bf bscan} cannot restore a database to the exact
745 condition it was in previously because a lot of the less important information
746 contained in the database is not saved to the tape. Nevertheless, the
747 reconstruction is sufficiently complete, that you can run {\bf restore}
748 against it and get valid results.
750 An interesting aspect of restoring a catalog backup using {\bf bscan} is
751 that the backup was made while Bacula was running and writing to a tape. At
752 the point the backup of the catalog is made, the tape Bacula is writing to
753 will have say 10 files on it, but after the catalog backup is made, there
754 will be 11 files on the tape Bacula is writing. This there is a difference
755 between what is contained in the backed up catalog and what is actually on
756 the tape. If after restoring a catalog, you attempt to write on the same
757 tape that was used to backup the catalog, Bacula will detect the difference
758 in the number of files registered in the catalog compared to what is on the
759 tape, and will mark the tape in error.
761 There are two solutions to this problem. The first is possibly the simplest
762 and is to mark the volume as Used before doing any backups. The second is
763 to manually correct the number of files listed in the Media record of the
764 catalog. This procedure is documented elsewhere in the manual and involves
765 using the {\bf update volume} command in {\bf bconsole}.
767 \subsection{Using bscan to Correct the Volume File Count}
768 \index[general]{Using bscan to Correct the Volume File Count}
769 \index[general]{Count!Using bscan to Correct the Volume File Count}
771 If the Storage daemon crashes during a backup Job, the catalog will not be
772 properly updated for the Volume being used at the time of the crash. This
773 means that the Storage daemon will have written say 20 files on the tape, but
774 the catalog record for the Volume indicates only 19 files.
776 Bacula refuses to write on a tape that contains a different number of files
777 from what is in the catalog. To correct this situation, you may run a {\bf
778 bscan} with the {\bf -m} option (but {\bf without} the {\bf -s} option) to
779 update only the final Media record for the Volumes read.
781 \subsection{After bscan}
782 \index[general]{After bscan}
783 \index[general]{Bscan!After}
785 If you use {\bf bscan} to enter the contents of the Volume into an existing
786 catalog, you should be aware that the records you entered may be immediately
787 pruned during the next job, particularly if the Volume is very old or had been
788 previously purged. To avoid this, after running {\bf bscan}, you can manually
789 set the volume status (VolStatus) to {\bf Read-Only} by using the {\bf update}
790 command in the catalog. This will allow you to restore from the volume without
791 having it immediately purged. When you have restored and backed up the data,
792 you can reset the VolStatus to {\bf Used} and the Volume will be purged from
797 \index[general]{Bcopy}
798 \index[general]{program!bcopy}
800 The {\bf bcopy} program can be used to copy one {\bf Bacula} archive file to
801 another. For example, you may copy a tape to a file, a file to a tape, a file
802 to a file, or a tape to a tape. For tape to tape, you will need two tape
803 drives. (a later version is planned that will buffer it to disk). In the
804 process of making the copy, no record of the information written to the new
805 Volume is stored in the catalog. This means that the new Volume, though it
806 contains valid backup data, cannot be accessed directly from existing catalog
807 entries. If you wish to be able to use the Volume with the Console restore
808 command, for example, you must first bscan the new Volume into the catalog.
810 \subsection{bcopy Command Options}
811 \index[general]{Options!bcopy Command}
812 \index[general]{Bcopy Command Options}
816 Usage: bcopy [-d debug_level] <input-archive> <output-archive>
817 -b bootstrap specify a bootstrap file
818 -c <file> specify configuration file
819 -dnn set debug level to nn
820 -i specify input Volume names (separated by |)
821 -o specify output Volume names (separated by |)
822 -p proceed inspite of I/O errors
824 -w dir specify working directory (default /tmp)
825 -? print this message
829 By using a {\bf bootstrap} file, you can copy parts of a Bacula archive file
832 One of the objectives of this program is to be able to recover as much data as
833 possible from a damaged tape. However, the current version does not yet have
836 As this is a new program, any feedback on its use would be appreciated. In
837 addition, I only have a single tape drive, so I have never been able to test
838 this program with two tape drives.
842 \index[general]{Btape}
843 \index[general]{program!btape}
845 This program permits a number of elementary tape operations via a tty command
846 interface. It works only with tapes and not with other kinds of Bacula
847 storage media (DVD, File, ...). The {\bf test} command, described below,
848 can be very useful for testing older tape drive compatibility problems.
849 Aside from initial testing of tape drive compatibility with {\bf Bacula},
850 {\bf btape} will be mostly used by developers writing new tape drivers.
852 {\bf btape} can be dangerous to use with existing {\bf Bacula} tapes because
853 it will relabel a tape or write on the tape if so requested regardless that
854 the tape may contain valuable data, so please be careful and use it only on
857 To work properly, {\bf btape} needs to read the Storage daemon's configuration
858 file. As a default, it will look for {\bf bacula-sd.conf} in the current
859 directory. If your configuration file is elsewhere, please use the {\bf -c}
860 option to specify where.
862 The physical device name must be specified on the command line, and this
863 same device name must be present in the Storage daemon's configuration file
868 Usage: btape <options> <device_name>
869 -b <file> specify bootstrap file
870 -c <file> set configuration file to file
871 -d <nn> set debug level to nn
872 -p proceed inspite of I/O errors
875 -? print this message.
879 \subsection{Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive}
880 \index[general]{Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive}
881 \index[general]{Drive!Using btape to Verify your Tape}
883 An important reason for this program is to ensure that a Storage daemon
884 configuration file is defined so that Bacula will correctly read and write
887 It is highly recommended that you run the {\bf test} command before running
888 your first Bacula job to ensure that the parameters you have defined for your
889 storage device (tape drive) will permit {\bf Bacula} to function properly. You
890 only need to mount a blank tape, enter the command, and the output should be
891 reasonably self explanatory. Please see the
892 \ilink{Tape Testing}{TapeTestingChapter} Chapter of this manual for
895 \subsection{btape Commands}
896 \index[general]{Btape Commands}
897 \index[general]{Commands!btape}
899 The full list of commands are:
905 autochanger test autochanger
908 cap list device capabilities
909 clear clear tape errors
910 eod go to end of Bacula data for append
911 eom go to the physical end of medium
912 fill fill tape, write onto second volume
913 unfill read filled tape
914 fsf forward space a file
915 fsr forward space a record
916 help print this command
917 label write a Bacula label to the tape
920 rawfill use write() to fill tape
921 readlabel read and print the Bacula tape label
922 rectest test record handling functions
923 rewind rewind the tape
924 scan read() tape block by block to EOT and report
925 scanblocks Bacula read block by block to EOT and report
926 speed report drive speed
927 status print tape status
928 test General test Bacula tape functions
929 weof write an EOF on the tape
930 wr write a single Bacula block
931 rr read a single record
932 qfill quick fill command
936 The most useful commands are:
939 \item test -- test writing records and EOF marks and reading them back.
940 \item fill -- completely fill a volume with records, then write a few records
941 on a second volume, and finally, both volumes will be read back.
942 This command writes blocks containing random data, so your drive will
943 not be able to compress the data, and thus it is a good test of
944 the real physical capacity of your tapes.
945 \item readlabel -- read and dump the label on a Bacula tape.
946 \item cap -- list the device capabilities as defined in the configuration
947 file and as perceived by the Storage daemon.
950 The {\bf readlabel} command can be used to display the details of a Bacula
951 tape label. This can be useful if the physical tape label was lost or damaged.
954 In the event that you want to relabel a {\bf Bacula}, you can simply use the
955 {\bf label} command which will write over any existing label. However, please
956 note for labeling tapes, we recommend that you use the {\bf label} command in
957 the {\bf Console} program since it will never overwrite a valid Bacula tape.
959 \subsubsection*{Testing your Tape Drive}
960 \label{sec:btapespeed}
962 To determine the best configuration of your tape drive, you can run the new
963 \texttt{speed} command available in the \texttt{btape} program.
965 This command can have the following arguments:
967 \item[\texttt{file\_size=n}] Specify the Maximum File Size for this test
968 (between 1 and 5GB). This counter is in GB.
969 \item[\texttt{nb\_file=n}] Specify the number of file to be written. The amount
970 of data should be greater than your memory ($file\_size*nb\_file$).
971 \item[\texttt{skip\_zero}] This flag permits to skip tests with constant
973 \item[\texttt{skip\_random}] This flag permits to skip tests with random
975 \item[\texttt{skip\_raw}] This flag permits to skip tests with raw access.
976 \item[\texttt{skip\_block}] This flag permits to skip tests with Bacula block
981 *speed file_size=3 skip_raw
982 btape.c:1078 Test with zero data and bacula block structure.
983 btape.c:956 Begin writing 3 files of 3.221 GB with blocks of 129024 bytes.
984 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
985 btape.c:604 Wrote 1 EOF to "Drive-0" (/dev/nst0)
986 btape.c:406 Volume bytes=3.221 GB. Write rate = 44.128 MB/s
988 btape.c:383 Total Volume bytes=9.664 GB. Total Write rate = 43.531 MB/s
990 btape.c:1090 Test with random data, should give the minimum throughput.
991 btape.c:956 Begin writing 3 files of 3.221 GB with blocks of 129024 bytes.
992 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
993 btape.c:604 Wrote 1 EOF to "Drive-0" (/dev/nst0)
994 btape.c:406 Volume bytes=3.221 GB. Write rate = 7.271 MB/s
995 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
997 btape.c:383 Total Volume bytes=9.664 GB. Total Write rate = 7.365 MB/s
1001 When using compression, the random test will give your the minimum throughput
1002 of your drive . The test using constant string will give you the maximum speed
1003 of your hardware chain. (cpu, memory, scsi card, cable, drive, tape).
1005 You can change the block size in the Storage Daemon configuration file.
1007 \section{Other Programs}
1008 \index[general]{Programs!Other}
1009 \index[general]{Other Programs}
1011 The following programs are general utility programs and in general do not need
1012 a configuration file nor a device name.
1016 \index[general]{Bsmtp}
1017 \index[general]{program!bsmtp}
1019 {\bf bsmtp} is a simple mail transport program that permits more flexibility
1020 than the standard mail programs typically found on Unix systems. It can even
1021 be used on Windows machines.
1027 Usage: bsmtp [-f from] [-h mailhost] [-s subject] [-c copy] [recipient ...]
1028 -c set the Cc: field
1029 -dnn set debug level to nn
1030 -f set the From: field
1031 -h use mailhost:port as the bsmtp server
1032 -l limit the lines accepted to nn
1033 -s set the Subject: field
1034 -? print this message.
1038 If the {\bf -f} option is not specified, {\bf bsmtp} will use your userid. If
1039 the option {\bf -h} is not specified {\bf bsmtp} will use the value in the environment
1040 variable {\bf bsmtpSERVER} or if there is none {\bf localhost}. By default
1043 If a line count limit is set with the {\bf -l} option, {\bf bsmtp} will
1044 not send an email with a body text exceeding that number of lines. This
1045 is especially useful for large restore job reports where the list of
1046 files restored might produce very long mails your mail-server would
1047 refuse or crash. However, be aware that you will probably suppress the
1048 job report and any error messages unless you check the log file written
1049 by the Director (see the messages resource in this manual for details).
1052 {\bf recipients} is a space separated list of email recipients.
1054 The body of the email message is read from standard input.
1056 An example of the use of {\bf bsmtp} would be to put the following statement
1057 in the {\bf Messages} resource of your {\bf bacula-dir.conf} file. Note, these
1058 commands should appear on a single line each.
1062 mailcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -h mail.domain.com -f \"\(Bacula\) %r\"
1063 -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r"
1064 operatorcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -h mail.domain.com -f \"\(Bacula\) %r\"
1065 -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r"
1069 Where you replace {\bf /home/bacula/bin} with the path to your {\bf Bacula}
1070 binary directory, and you replace {\bf mail.domain.com} with the fully
1071 qualified name of your bsmtp (email) server, which normally listens on port
1072 25. For more details on the substitution characters (e.g. \%r) used in the
1073 above line, please see the documentation of the
1074 \ilink{ MailCommand in the Messages Resource}{mailcommand}
1075 chapter of this manual.
1077 It is HIGHLY recommended that you test one or two cases by hand to make sure
1078 that the {\bf mailhost} that you specified is correct and that it will accept
1079 your email requests. Since {\bf bsmtp} always uses a TCP connection rather
1080 than writing in the spool file, you may find that your {\bf from} address is
1081 being rejected because it does not contain a valid domain, or because your
1082 message is caught in your spam filtering rules. Generally, you should specify
1083 a fully qualified domain name in the {\bf from} field, and depending on
1084 whether your bsmtp gateway is Exim or Sendmail, you may need to modify the
1085 syntax of the from part of the message. Please test.
1087 When running {\bf bsmtp} by hand, you will need to terminate the message by
1088 entering a ctl-d in column 1 of the last line.
1089 % TODO: is "column" the correct terminology for this?
1091 If you are getting incorrect dates (e.g. 1970) and you are
1092 running with a non-English language setting, you might try adding
1093 a LANG=''en\_US'' immediately before the bsmtp call.
1095 In general, {\bf bsmtp} attempts to cleanup email addresses that you
1096 specify in the from, copy, mailhost, and recipient fields, by adding
1097 the necessary \lt{} and \gt{} characters around the address part. However,
1098 if you include a {\bf display-name} (see RFC 5332), some SMTP servers
1099 such as Exchange may not accept the message if the {\bf display-name} is
1100 also included in \lt{} and \gt{}. As mentioned above, you must test, and
1101 if you run into this situation, you may manually add the \lt{} and \gt{}
1102 to the Bacula {\bf mailcommand} or {\bf operatorcommand} and when
1103 {\bf bsmtp} is formatting an address if it already contains a \lt{} or
1104 \gt{} character, it will leave the address unchanged.
1108 \index[general]{Dbcheck}
1109 \index[general]{program!dbcheck}
1110 {\bf dbcheck} is a simple program that will search for logical
1111 inconsistencies in the Bacula tables in your database, and optionally fix them.
1112 It is a database maintenance routine, in the sense that it can
1113 detect and remove unused rows, but it is not a database repair
1114 routine. To repair a database, see the tools furnished by the
1115 database vendor. Normally dbcheck should never need to be run,
1116 but if Bacula has crashed or you have a lot of Clients, Pools, or
1117 Jobs that you have removed, it could be useful.
1119 The {\bf dbcheck} program can be found in
1120 the {\bf \lt{}bacula-source\gt{}/src/tools} directory of the source
1121 distribution. Though it is built with the make process, it is not normally
1128 Usage: dbcheck [-c config ] [-B] [-C catalog name] [-d debug_level]
1129 <working-directory> <bacula-database> <user> <password> [<dbhost>] [<dbport>]
1131 -C catalog name in the director conf file
1132 -c Director conf filename
1133 -B print catalog configuration and exit
1134 -d <nn> set debug level to <nn>
1135 -dt print timestamp in debug output
1136 -f fix inconsistencies
1138 -? print this message
1142 If the \textbf{-B} option is specified, dbcheck will print out catalog
1143 information in a simple text based format. This is useful to backup it in a
1159 If the {\bf -c} option is given with the Director's conf file, there is no
1160 need to enter any of the command line arguments, in particular the working
1161 directory as dbcheck will read them from the file.
1163 If the {\bf -f} option is specified, {\bf dbcheck} will repair ({\bf fix}) the
1164 inconsistencies it finds. Otherwise, it will report only.
1166 If the {\bf -b} option is specified, {\bf dbcheck} will run in batch mode, and
1167 it will proceed to examine and fix (if -f is set) all programmed inconsistency
1168 checks. If the {\bf -b} option is not specified, {\bf dbcheck} will enter
1169 interactive mode and prompt with the following:
1173 Hello, this is the database check/correct program.
1174 Please select the function you want to perform.
1175 1) Toggle modify database flag
1176 2) Toggle verbose flag
1177 3) Repair bad Filename records
1178 4) Repair bad Path records
1179 5) Eliminate duplicate Filename records
1180 6) Eliminate duplicate Path records
1181 7) Eliminate orphaned Jobmedia records
1182 8) Eliminate orphaned File records
1183 9) Eliminate orphaned Path records
1184 10) Eliminate orphaned Filename records
1185 11) Eliminate orphaned FileSet records
1186 12) Eliminate orphaned Client records
1187 13) Eliminate orphaned Job records
1188 14) Eliminate all Admin records
1189 15) Eliminate all Restore records
1192 Select function number:
1196 By entering 1 or 2, you can toggle the modify database flag (-f option) and
1197 the verbose flag (-v). It can be helpful and reassuring to turn off the modify
1198 database flag, then select one or more of the consistency checks (items 3
1199 through 9) to see what will be done, then toggle the modify flag on and re-run
1202 The inconsistencies examined are the following:
1205 \item Duplicate filename records. This can happen if you accidentally run two
1206 copies of Bacula at the same time, and they are both adding filenames
1207 simultaneously. It is a rare occurrence, but will create an inconsistent
1208 database. If this is the case, you will receive error messages during Jobs
1209 warning of duplicate database records. If you are not getting these error
1210 messages, there is no reason to run this check.
1211 \item Repair bad Filename records. This checks and corrects filenames that
1212 have a trailing slash. They should not.
1213 \item Repair bad Path records. This checks and corrects path names that do
1214 not have a trailing slash. They should.
1215 \item Duplicate path records. This can happen if you accidentally run two
1216 copies of Bacula at the same time, and they are both adding filenames
1217 simultaneously. It is a rare occurrence, but will create an inconsistent
1218 database. See the item above for why this occurs and how you know it is
1220 \item Orphaned JobMedia records. This happens when a Job record is deleted
1221 (perhaps by a user issued SQL statement), but the corresponding JobMedia
1222 record (one for each Volume used in the Job) was not deleted. Normally, this
1223 should not happen, and even if it does, these records generally do not take
1224 much space in your database. However, by running this check, you can
1225 eliminate any such orphans.
1226 \item Orphaned File records. This happens when a Job record is deleted
1227 (perhaps by a user issued SQL statement), but the corresponding File record
1228 (one for each Volume used in the Job) was not deleted. Note, searching for
1229 these records can be {\bf very} time consuming (i.e. it may take hours) for a
1230 large database. Normally this should not happen as Bacula takes care to
1231 prevent it. Just the same, this check can remove any orphaned File records.
1232 It is recommended that you run this once a year since orphaned File records
1233 can take a large amount of space in your database. You might
1234 want to ensure that you have indexes on JobId, FilenameId, and
1235 PathId for the File table in your catalog before running this
1237 \item Orphaned Path records. This condition happens any time a directory is
1238 deleted from your system and all associated Job records have been purged.
1239 During standard purging (or pruning) of Job records, Bacula does not check
1240 for orphaned Path records. As a consequence, over a period of time, old
1241 unused Path records will tend to accumulate and use space in your database.
1242 This check will eliminate them. It is recommended that you run this
1243 check at least once a year.
1244 \item Orphaned Filename records. This condition happens any time a file is
1245 deleted from your system and all associated Job records have been purged.
1246 This can happen quite frequently as there are quite a large number of files
1247 that are created and then deleted. In addition, if you do a system update or
1248 delete an entire directory, there can be a very large number of Filename
1249 records that remain in the catalog but are no longer used.
1251 During standard purging (or pruning) of Job records, Bacula does not check
1252 for orphaned Filename records. As a consequence, over a period of time, old
1253 unused Filename records will accumulate and use space in your database. This
1254 check will eliminate them. It is strongly recommended that you run this check
1255 at least once a year, and for large database (more than 200 Megabytes), it is
1256 probably better to run this once every 6 months.
1257 \item Orphaned Client records. These records can remain in the database long
1258 after you have removed a client.
1259 \item Orphaned Job records. If no client is defined for a job or you do not
1260 run a job for a long time, you can accumulate old job records. This option
1261 allow you to remove jobs that are not attached to any client (and thus
1263 \item All Admin records. This command will remove all Admin records,
1264 regardless of their age.
1265 \item All Restore records. This command will remove all Restore records,
1266 regardless of their age.
1270 If you are using Mysql, dbcheck will ask you if you want to create temporary
1271 indexes to speed up orphaned Path and Filename elimination.
1273 Mostly for PostgreSQL users, we provide a pure SQL script dbcheck replacement
1274 in \url{examples/database/dbcheck.sql} that works with global queries instead
1275 of many small queries like dbcheck. Execution instructions are at the top of
1276 the script and you will need to type \texttt{COMMIT} at the end to validate
1279 If you are using bweb or brestore, don't eliminate orphaned Path, else you will
1280 have to rebuild \texttt{brestore\_pathvisibility} and
1281 \texttt{brestore\_pathhierarchy} indexes.
1283 By the way, I personally run dbcheck only where I have messed up
1284 my database due to a bug in developing Bacula code, so normally
1285 you should never need to run dbcheck in spite of the
1286 recommendations given above, which are given so that users don't
1287 waste their time running dbcheck too often.
1291 \index[general]{bregex}
1292 \index[general]{program!bregex}
1294 {\bf bregex} is a simple program that will allow you to test
1295 regular expressions against a file of data. This can be useful
1296 because the regex libraries on most systems differ, and in
1297 addition, regex expressions can be complicated.
1299 {\bf bregex} is found in the src/tools directory and it is
1300 normally installed with your system binaries. To run it, use:
1303 Usage: bregex [-d debug_level] -f <data-file>
1304 -f specify file of data to be matched
1305 -l suppress line numbers
1306 -n print lines that do not match
1307 -? print this message.
1310 The \lt{}data-file\gt{} is a filename that contains lines
1311 of data to be matched (or not) against one or more patterns.
1312 When the program is run, it will prompt you for a regular
1313 expression pattern, then apply it one line at a time against
1314 the data in the file. Each line that matches will be printed
1315 preceded by its line number. You will then be prompted again
1316 for another pattern.
1318 Enter an empty line for a pattern to terminate the program. You
1319 can print only lines that do not match by using the -n option,
1320 and you can suppress printing of line numbers with the -l option.
1322 This program can be useful for testing regex expressions to be
1323 applied against a list of filenames.
1327 \index[general]{bwild}
1328 \index[general]{program!bwild}
1330 {\bf bwild} is a simple program that will allow you to test
1331 wild-card expressions against a file of data.
1333 {\bf bwild} is found in the src/tools directory and it is
1334 normally installed with your system binaries. To run it, use:
1337 Usage: bwild [-d debug_level] -f <data-file>
1338 -f specify file of data to be matched
1339 -l suppress line numbers
1340 -n print lines that do not match
1341 -? print this message.
1344 The \lt{}data-file\gt{} is a filename that contains lines
1345 of data to be matched (or not) against one or more patterns.
1346 When the program is run, it will prompt you for a wild-card
1347 pattern, then apply it one line at a time against
1348 the data in the file. Each line that matches will be printed
1349 preceded by its line number. You will then be prompted again
1350 for another pattern.
1352 Enter an empty line for a pattern to terminate the program. You
1353 can print only lines that do not match by using the -n option,
1354 and you can suppress printing of line numbers with the -l option.
1356 This program can be useful for testing wild expressions to be
1357 applied against a list of filenames.
1361 \index[general]{Testfind}
1362 \index[general]{program!testfind}
1364 {\bf testfind} permits listing of files using the same search engine that is
1365 used for the {\bf Include} resource in Job resources. Note, much of the
1366 functionality of this program (listing of files to be included) is present in
1368 \ilink{estimate command}{estimate} in the Console program.
1370 The original use of testfind was to ensure that Bacula's file search engine
1371 was correct and to print some statistics on file name and path length.
1372 However, you may find it useful to see what bacula would do with a given {\bf
1373 Include} resource. The {\bf testfind} program can be found in the {\bf
1374 \lt{}bacula-source\gt{}/src/tools} directory of the source distribution.
1375 Though it is built with the make process, it is not normally "installed".
1381 Usage: testfind [-d debug_level] [-] [pattern1 ...]
1382 -a print extended attributes (Win32 debug)
1383 -dnn set debug level to nn
1384 - read pattern(s) from stdin
1385 -? print this message.
1386 Patterns are used for file inclusion -- normally directories.
1387 Debug level>= 1 prints each file found.
1388 Debug level>= 10 prints path/file for catalog.
1389 Errors are always printed.
1390 Files/paths truncated is a number with len> 255.
1391 Truncation is only in the catalog.
1395 Where a pattern is any filename specification that is valid within an {\bf
1396 Include} resource definition. If none is specified, {\bf /} (the root
1397 directory) is assumed. For example:
1405 Would print the following:
1411 Lnk: /bin/bash2 -> bash
1412 Lnk: /bin/sh -> bash
1420 Reg: /bin/aumix-minimal
1422 Lnka: /bin/gawk-3.1.0 -> /bin/gawk
1432 Even though {\bf testfind} uses the same search engine as {\bf Bacula}, each
1433 directory to be listed, must be entered as a separate command line entry or
1434 entered one line at a time to standard input if the {\bf -} option was
1437 Specifying a debug level of one (i.e. {\bf -d1}) on the command line will
1438 cause {\bf testfind} to print the raw filenames without showing the Bacula
1439 internal file type, or the link (if any). Debug levels of 10 or greater cause
1440 the filename and the path to be separated using the same algorithm that is
1441 used when putting filenames into the Catalog database.