1 The multi-monitor situation
2 ===========================
3 Michael Stapelberg <michael+i3@stapelberg.de>
6 …or: oh no, I have an nVidia graphics card!
10 If you are using the nVidia binary graphics driver (also known as 'blob')
11 you need to use the +--force-xinerama+ flag (in your .xsession) when starting
15 ----------------------------------------------
16 exec i3 --force-xinerama -V >>~/.i3/i3log 2>&1
17 ----------------------------------------------
19 …or use +force_xinerama yes+ in your configuration file.
23 Starting with version 3.ε, i3 uses the RandR (Rotate and Resize) API instead
24 of Xinerama. The reason for this, is that RandR provides more information
25 about your outputs and connected screens than Xinerama does. To be specific,
26 the code which handled on-the-fly screen reconfiguration (meaning without
27 restarting the X server) was a very messy heuristic and most of the time did
28 not work correctly -- that is just not possible with the little information
29 Xinerama offers (just a list of screen resolutions, no identifiers for the
30 screens or any additional information). Xinerama simply was not designed
31 for dynamic configuration.
33 So RandR came along, as a more powerful alternative (RandR 1.2 to be specific).
34 It offers all of Xinerama’s possibilities and lots more. Using the RandR API
35 made our code much more robust and clean. Also, you can now reliably assign
36 workspaces to output names instead of some rather unreliable screen identifier
37 (position inside the list of screens, which could change, and so on…).
39 As RandR has been around for about three years as of this writing, it seemed
40 like a very good idea to us, and it still is a very good one. What we did not
41 expect, however, was the nVidia binary driver. It still does not support RandR
42 (as of March 2010), even though nVidia has announced that it will support RandR
43 eventually. What does this mean for you, if you are stuck with the binary
44 driver for some reason (say the free drivers don’t work with your card)? First
45 of all, you are stuck with TwinView and cannot use +xrandr+. While this ruins
46 the user experience, the more grave problem is that the nVidia driver not only
47 does not support dynamic configuration using RandR, it also does not expose
48 correct multi-monitor information via the RandR API. So, in some setups, i3
49 will not find any screens; in others, it will find one large screen which
50 actually contains both of your physical screens (but it will not know that
51 these are two screens).
53 For this very reason, we decided to implement the following workaround: As
54 long as the nVidia driver does not support RandR, an option called
55 +--force-xinerama+ is available in i3 (alternatively, you can use the
56 +force_xinerama+ configuration file directive). This option gets the list of
57 screens *once* when starting, and never updates it. As the nVidia driver cannot
58 do dynamic configuration anyways, this is not a big deal.
60 Also note that your output names are not descriptive (like +HDMI1+) when using
61 Xinerama, instead they are counted up, starting at 0: +xinerama-0+, +xinerama-1+, …
65 For more information on how to use multi-monitor setups, see the i3 User’s