2 # vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
11 use Scalar::Util qw(tainted);
15 AnyEvent::I3 - communicate with the i3 window manager
19 our $VERSION = '0.14';
27 This module connects to the i3 window manager using the UNIX socket based
28 IPC interface it provides (if enabled in the configuration file). You can
29 then subscribe to events or send messages and receive their replies.
31 use AnyEvent::I3 qw(:all);
35 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting";
36 say "Connected to i3";
38 my $workspaces = $i3->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)->recv;
39 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
41 ...or, using the sugar methods:
45 my $workspaces = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
46 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
48 A somewhat more involved example which dumps the i3 layout tree whenever there
57 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting to i3";
61 $i3->get_tree->cb(sub {
63 say "tree: " . Dumper($tree);
66 })->recv->{success} or die "Error subscribing to events";
72 =head2 $i3 = i3([ $path ]);
74 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
76 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
77 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
78 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
79 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
81 =head1 SUBROUTINES/METHODS
85 use Exporter qw(import);
90 use constant TYPE_COMMAND => 0;
91 use constant TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES => 1;
92 use constant TYPE_SUBSCRIBE => 2;
93 use constant TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS => 3;
94 use constant TYPE_GET_TREE => 4;
95 use constant TYPE_GET_MARKS => 5;
96 use constant TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG => 6;
97 use constant TYPE_GET_VERSION => 7;
99 our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [
100 qw(i3 TYPE_COMMAND TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES TYPE_SUBSCRIBE TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS
101 TYPE_GET_TREE TYPE_GET_MARKS TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG TYPE_GET_VERSION)
104 our @EXPORT_OK = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{all} } );
106 my $magic = "i3-ipc";
108 # TODO: auto-generate this from the header file? (i3/ipc.h)
109 my $event_mask = (1 << 31);
111 workspace => ($event_mask | 0),
112 output => ($event_mask | 1),
113 mode => ($event_mask | 2),
114 _error => 0xFFFFFFFF,
118 AnyEvent::I3->new(@_)
121 # Calls i3, even when running in taint mode.
125 my $path_tainted = tainted($ENV{PATH});
126 # This effectively circumvents taint mode checking for $ENV{PATH}. We
127 # do this because users might specify PATH explicitly to call i3 in a
128 # custom location (think ~/.bin/).
129 (local $ENV{PATH}) = ($ENV{PATH} =~ /(.*)/);
131 # In taint mode, we also need to remove all relative directories from
132 # PATH (like . or ../bin). We only do this in taint mode and warn the
133 # user, since this might break a real-world use case for some people.
135 my @dirs = split /:/, $ENV{PATH};
136 my @filtered = grep !/^\./, @dirs;
137 if (scalar @dirs != scalar @filtered) {
138 $ENV{PATH} = join ':', @filtered;
139 warn qq|Removed relative directories from PATH because you | .
140 qq|are running Perl with taint mode enabled. Remove -T | .
141 qq|to be able to use relative directories in PATH. | .
142 qq|New PATH is "$ENV{PATH}"|;
145 # Otherwise the qx() operator wont work:
146 delete @ENV{'IFS', 'CDPATH', 'ENV', 'BASH_ENV'};
147 chomp(my $result = qx(i3 $args));
148 # Circumventing taint mode again: the socket can be anywhere on the
149 # system and that’s okay.
150 if ($result =~ /^([^\0]+)$/) {
154 warn "Calling i3 $args failed. Is DISPLAY set and is i3 in your PATH?";
158 =head2 $i3 = AnyEvent::I3->new([ $path ])
160 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
162 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
163 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
164 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
165 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
169 my ($class, $path) = @_;
171 $path = _call_i3('--get-socketpath') unless $path;
173 # This is the old default path (v3.*). This fallback line can be removed in
174 # a year from now. -- Michael, 2012-07-09
175 $path ||= '~/.i3/ipc.sock';
177 # Check if we need to resolve ~
179 # We use getpwuid() instead of $ENV{HOME} because the latter is tainted
180 # and thus produces warnings when running tests with perl -T
181 my $home = (getpwuid($<))[7];
182 die "Could not get home directory" unless $home and -d $home;
183 $path =~ s/~/$home/g;
186 bless { path => $path } => $class;
191 Establishes the connection to i3. Returns an C<AnyEvent::CondVar> which will
192 be triggered with a boolean (true if the connection was established) as soon as
193 the connection has been established.
195 if ($i3->connect->recv) {
196 say "Connected to i3";
202 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
204 tcp_connect "unix/", $self->{path}, sub {
207 return $cv->send(0) unless $fh;
209 $self->{ipchdl} = AnyEvent::Handle->new(
211 on_read => sub { my ($hdl) = @_; $self->_data_available($hdl) },
213 my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
214 delete $self->{ipchdl};
217 my $cb = $self->{callbacks};
219 # Trigger all one-time callbacks with undef
220 for my $type (keys %{$cb}) {
221 next if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
226 # Trigger _error callback, if set
227 my $type = $events{_error};
228 return unless defined($cb->{$type});
229 $cb->{$type}->($msg);
239 sub _data_available {
240 my ($self, $hdl) = @_;
243 chunk => length($magic) + 4 + 4,
246 # Unpack message length and read the payload
247 my ($len, $type) = unpack("LL", substr($header, length($magic)));
250 sub { $self->_handle_i3_message($type, $_[1]) }
256 sub _handle_i3_message {
257 my ($self, $type, $payload) = @_;
259 return unless defined($self->{callbacks}->{$type});
261 my $cb = $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
262 $cb->(decode_json $payload);
264 return if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
266 # If this was a one-time callback, we delete it
267 # (when connection is lost, all one-time callbacks get triggered)
268 delete $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
271 =head2 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)
273 Subscribes to the given event types. This function awaits a hashref with the
274 key being the name of the event and the value being a callback.
277 workspace => sub { say "Workspaces changed" }
280 if ($i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv->{success})
281 say "Successfully subscribed";
284 The special callback with name C<_error> is called when the connection to i3
285 is killed (because of a crash, exit or restart of i3 most likely). You can
286 use it to print an appropriate message and exit cleanly or to try to reconnect.
291 say "I am sorry. I am so sorry: $msg";
296 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv;
300 my ($self, $callbacks) = @_;
302 # Register callbacks for each message type
303 for my $key (keys %{$callbacks}) {
304 my $type = $events{$key};
305 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} = $callbacks->{$key};
308 $self->message(TYPE_SUBSCRIBE, [ keys %{$callbacks} ])
311 =head2 $i3->message($type, $content)
313 Sends a message of the specified C<type> to i3, possibly containing the data
314 structure C<content> (or C<content>, encoded as utf8, if C<content> is a
315 scalar), if specified.
317 my $reply = $i3->message(TYPE_COMMAND, "reload")->recv;
318 if ($reply->{success}) {
319 say "Configuration successfully reloaded";
324 my ($self, $type, $content) = @_;
326 die "No message type specified" unless defined($type);
328 die "No connection to i3" unless defined($self->{ipchdl});
332 if (not ref($content)) {
333 # Convert from Perl’s internal encoding to UTF8 octets
334 $payload = encode_utf8($content);
336 $payload = encode_json $content;
339 my $message = $magic . pack("LL", length($payload), $type) . $payload;
340 $self->{ipchdl}->push_write($message);
342 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
344 # We don’t preserve the old callback as it makes no sense to
345 # have a callback on message reply types (only on events)
346 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} =
350 undef $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
358 These methods intend to make your scripts as beautiful as possible. All of
359 them automatically establish a connection to i3 blockingly (if it does not
364 sub _ensure_connection {
367 return if defined($self->{ipchdl});
369 $self->connect->recv or die "Unable to connect to i3 (socket path " . $self->{path} . ")";
372 =head2 get_workspaces
374 Gets the current workspaces from i3.
376 my $ws = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
383 $self->_ensure_connection;
385 $self->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)
390 Gets the current outputs from i3.
392 my $outs = i3->get_outputs->recv;
399 $self->_ensure_connection;
401 $self->message(TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS)
406 Gets the layout tree from i3 (>= v4.0).
408 my $tree = i3->get_tree->recv;
415 $self->_ensure_connection;
417 $self->message(TYPE_GET_TREE)
422 Gets all the window identifier marks from i3 (>= v4.1).
424 my $marks = i3->get_marks->recv;
431 $self->_ensure_connection;
433 $self->message(TYPE_GET_MARKS)
436 =head2 get_bar_config
438 Gets the bar configuration for the specific bar id from i3 (>= v4.1).
440 my $config = i3->get_bar_config($id)->recv;
445 my ($self, $id) = @_;
447 $self->_ensure_connection;
449 $self->message(TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG, $id)
454 Gets the i3 version via IPC, with a fall-back that parses the output of i3
455 --version (for i3 < v4.3).
457 my $version = i3->get_version()->recv;
458 say "major: " . $version->{major} . ", minor = " . $version->{minor};
464 $self->_ensure_connection;
466 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
468 my $version_cv = $self->message(TYPE_GET_VERSION);
470 $timeout = AnyEvent->timer(
473 warn "Falling back to i3 --version since the running i3 doesn’t support GET_VERSION yet.";
474 my $version = _call_i3('--version');
475 $version =~ s/^i3 version //;
477 my ($major, $minor) = ($version =~ /^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/);
478 if ($version =~ /^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.([0-9]+)/) {
481 # Strip everything from the © sign on.
482 $version =~ s/ ©.*$//g;
484 major => int($major),
485 minor => int($minor),
486 patch => int($patch),
487 human_readable => $version,
492 $version_cv->cb(sub {
494 $cv->send($version_cv->recv);
500 =head2 command($content)
502 Makes i3 execute the given command
504 my $reply = i3->command("reload")->recv;
505 die "command failed" unless $reply->{success};
509 my ($self, $content) = @_;
511 $self->_ensure_connection;
513 $self->message(TYPE_COMMAND, $content)
518 Michael Stapelberg, C<< <michael at i3wm.org> >>
522 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-anyevent-i3 at
523 rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
524 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=AnyEvent-I3>. I will be
525 notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as
530 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
534 You can also look for information at:
538 =item * RT: CPAN's request tracker
540 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=AnyEvent-I3>
542 =item * The i3 window manager website
549 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
552 =head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
554 Copyright 2010-2012 Michael Stapelberg.
556 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
557 under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published
558 by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
560 See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
565 1; # End of AnyEvent::I3