2 # vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
11 use Scalar::Util qw(tainted);
15 AnyEvent::I3 - communicate with the i3 window manager
19 our $VERSION = '0.12';
27 This module connects to the i3 window manager using the UNIX socket based
28 IPC interface it provides (if enabled in the configuration file). You can
29 then subscribe to events or send messages and receive their replies.
31 use AnyEvent::I3 qw(:all);
35 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting";
36 say "Connected to i3";
38 my $workspaces = $i3->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)->recv;
39 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
41 ...or, using the sugar methods:
45 my $workspaces = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
46 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
48 A somewhat more involved example which dumps the i3 layout tree whenever there
57 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting to i3";
61 $i3->get_tree->cb(sub {
63 say "tree: " . Dumper($tree);
66 })->recv->{success} or die "Error subscribing to events";
72 =head2 $i3 = i3([ $path ]);
74 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
76 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
77 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
78 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
79 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
81 =head1 SUBROUTINES/METHODS
85 use Exporter qw(import);
90 use constant TYPE_COMMAND => 0;
91 use constant TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES => 1;
92 use constant TYPE_SUBSCRIBE => 2;
93 use constant TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS => 3;
94 use constant TYPE_GET_TREE => 4;
95 use constant TYPE_GET_MARKS => 5;
96 use constant TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG => 6;
97 use constant TYPE_GET_VERSION => 7;
99 our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [
100 qw(i3 TYPE_COMMAND TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES TYPE_SUBSCRIBE TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS
101 TYPE_GET_TREE TYPE_GET_MARKS TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG TYPE_GET_VERSION)
104 our @EXPORT_OK = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{all} } );
106 my $magic = "i3-ipc";
108 # TODO: auto-generate this from the header file? (i3/ipc.h)
109 my $event_mask = (1 << 31);
111 workspace => ($event_mask | 0),
112 output => ($event_mask | 1),
113 _error => 0xFFFFFFFF,
117 AnyEvent::I3->new(@_)
120 # Calls i3, even when running in taint mode.
124 my $path_tainted = tainted($ENV{PATH});
125 # This effectively circumvents taint mode checking for $ENV{PATH}. We
126 # do this because users might specify PATH explicitly to call i3 in a
127 # custom location (think ~/.bin/).
128 (local $ENV{PATH}) = ($ENV{PATH} =~ /(.*)/);
130 # In taint mode, we also need to remove all relative directories from
131 # PATH (like . or ../bin). We only do this in taint mode and warn the
132 # user, since this might break a real-world use case for some people.
134 my @dirs = split /:/, $ENV{PATH};
135 my @filtered = grep !/^\./, @dirs;
136 if (scalar @dirs != scalar @filtered) {
137 $ENV{PATH} = join ':', @filtered;
138 warn qq|Removed relative directories from PATH because you | .
139 qq|are running Perl with taint mode enabled. Remove -T | .
140 qq|to be able to use relative directories in PATH. | .
141 qq|New PATH is "$ENV{PATH}"|;
144 # Otherwise the qx() operator wont work:
145 delete @ENV{'IFS', 'CDPATH', 'ENV', 'BASH_ENV'};
146 chomp(my $result = qx(i3 $args));
147 # Circumventing taint mode again: the socket can be anywhere on the
148 # system and that’s okay.
149 if ($result =~ /^([^\0]+)$/) {
153 warn "Calling i3 $args failed. Is DISPLAY set and is i3 in your PATH?";
157 =head2 $i3 = AnyEvent::I3->new([ $path ])
159 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
161 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
162 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
163 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
164 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
168 my ($class, $path) = @_;
170 $path = _call_i3('--get-socketpath') unless $path;
172 # This is the old default path (v3.*). This fallback line can be removed in
173 # a year from now. -- Michael, 2012-07-09
174 $path ||= '~/.i3/ipc.sock';
176 # Check if we need to resolve ~
178 # We use getpwuid() instead of $ENV{HOME} because the latter is tainted
179 # and thus produces warnings when running tests with perl -T
180 my $home = (getpwuid($<))[7];
181 die "Could not get home directory" unless $home and -d $home;
182 $path =~ s/~/$home/g;
185 bless { path => $path } => $class;
190 Establishes the connection to i3. Returns an C<AnyEvent::CondVar> which will
191 be triggered with a boolean (true if the connection was established) as soon as
192 the connection has been established.
194 if ($i3->connect->recv) {
195 say "Connected to i3";
201 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
203 tcp_connect "unix/", $self->{path}, sub {
206 return $cv->send(0) unless $fh;
208 $self->{ipchdl} = AnyEvent::Handle->new(
210 on_read => sub { my ($hdl) = @_; $self->_data_available($hdl) },
212 my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
213 delete $self->{ipchdl};
216 my $cb = $self->{callbacks};
218 # Trigger all one-time callbacks with undef
219 for my $type (keys %{$cb}) {
220 next if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
225 # Trigger _error callback, if set
226 my $type = $events{_error};
227 return unless defined($cb->{$type});
228 $cb->{$type}->($msg);
238 sub _data_available {
239 my ($self, $hdl) = @_;
242 chunk => length($magic) + 4 + 4,
245 # Unpack message length and read the payload
246 my ($len, $type) = unpack("LL", substr($header, length($magic)));
249 sub { $self->_handle_i3_message($type, $_[1]) }
255 sub _handle_i3_message {
256 my ($self, $type, $payload) = @_;
258 return unless defined($self->{callbacks}->{$type});
260 my $cb = $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
261 $cb->(decode_json $payload);
263 return if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
265 # If this was a one-time callback, we delete it
266 # (when connection is lost, all one-time callbacks get triggered)
267 delete $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
270 =head2 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)
272 Subscribes to the given event types. This function awaits a hashref with the
273 key being the name of the event and the value being a callback.
276 workspace => sub { say "Workspaces changed" }
279 if ($i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv->{success})
280 say "Successfully subscribed";
283 The special callback with name C<_error> is called when the connection to i3
284 is killed (because of a crash, exit or restart of i3 most likely). You can
285 use it to print an appropriate message and exit cleanly or to try to reconnect.
290 say "I am sorry. I am so sorry: $msg";
295 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv;
299 my ($self, $callbacks) = @_;
301 # Register callbacks for each message type
302 for my $key (keys %{$callbacks}) {
303 my $type = $events{$key};
304 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} = $callbacks->{$key};
307 $self->message(TYPE_SUBSCRIBE, [ keys %{$callbacks} ])
310 =head2 $i3->message($type, $content)
312 Sends a message of the specified C<type> to i3, possibly containing the data
313 structure C<content> (or C<content>, encoded as utf8, if C<content> is a
314 scalar), if specified.
316 my $reply = $i3->message(TYPE_COMMAND, "reload")->recv;
317 if ($reply->{success}) {
318 say "Configuration successfully reloaded";
323 my ($self, $type, $content) = @_;
325 die "No message type specified" unless defined($type);
327 die "No connection to i3" unless defined($self->{ipchdl});
331 if (not ref($content)) {
332 # Convert from Perl’s internal encoding to UTF8 octets
333 $payload = encode_utf8($content);
335 $payload = encode_json $content;
338 my $message = $magic . pack("LL", length($payload), $type) . $payload;
339 $self->{ipchdl}->push_write($message);
341 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
343 # We don’t preserve the old callback as it makes no sense to
344 # have a callback on message reply types (only on events)
345 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} =
349 undef $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
357 These methods intend to make your scripts as beautiful as possible. All of
358 them automatically establish a connection to i3 blockingly (if it does not
363 sub _ensure_connection {
366 return if defined($self->{ipchdl});
368 $self->connect->recv or die "Unable to connect to i3 (socket path " . $self->{path} . ")";
371 =head2 get_workspaces
373 Gets the current workspaces from i3.
375 my $ws = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
382 $self->_ensure_connection;
384 $self->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)
389 Gets the current outputs from i3.
391 my $outs = i3->get_outputs->recv;
398 $self->_ensure_connection;
400 $self->message(TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS)
405 Gets the layout tree from i3 (>= v4.0).
407 my $tree = i3->get_tree->recv;
414 $self->_ensure_connection;
416 $self->message(TYPE_GET_TREE)
421 Gets all the window identifier marks from i3 (>= v4.1).
423 my $marks = i3->get_marks->recv;
430 $self->_ensure_connection;
432 $self->message(TYPE_GET_MARKS)
435 =head2 get_bar_config
437 Gets the bar configuration for the specific bar id from i3 (>= v4.1).
439 my $config = i3->get_bar_config($id)->recv;
444 my ($self, $id) = @_;
446 $self->_ensure_connection;
448 $self->message(TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG, $id)
453 Gets the i3 version via IPC, with a fall-back that parses the output of i3
454 --version (for i3 < v4.3).
456 my $version = i3->get_version()->recv;
457 say "major: " . $version->{major} . ", minor = " . $version->{minor};
463 $self->_ensure_connection;
465 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
467 my $version_cv = $self->message(TYPE_GET_VERSION);
469 $timeout = AnyEvent->timer(
472 warn "Falling back to i3 --version since the running i3 doesn’t support GET_VERSION yet.";
473 my $version = _call_i3('--version');
474 $version =~ s/^i3 version //;
476 my ($major, $minor) = ($version =~ /^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/);
477 if ($version =~ /^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.([0-9]+)/) {
480 # Strip everything from the © sign on.
481 $version =~ s/ ©.*$//g;
483 major => int($major),
484 minor => int($minor),
485 patch => int($patch),
486 human_readable => $version,
491 $version_cv->cb(sub {
493 $cv->send($version_cv->recv);
499 =head2 command($content)
501 Makes i3 execute the given command
503 my $reply = i3->command("reload")->recv;
504 die "command failed" unless $reply->{success};
508 my ($self, $content) = @_;
510 $self->_ensure_connection;
512 $self->message(TYPE_COMMAND, $content)
517 Michael Stapelberg, C<< <michael at i3wm.org> >>
521 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-anyevent-i3 at
522 rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
523 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=AnyEvent-I3>. I will be
524 notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as
529 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
533 You can also look for information at:
537 =item * RT: CPAN's request tracker
539 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=AnyEvent-I3>
541 =item * The i3 window manager website
548 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
551 =head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
553 Copyright 2010-2012 Michael Stapelberg.
555 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
556 under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published
557 by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
559 See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
564 1; # End of AnyEvent::I3