3 Michael Stapelberg <michael@i3wm.org>
8 i3 - an improved dynamic, tiling window manager
12 i3 [-a] [-c configfile] [-C] [-d all] [-v] [-V]
20 Specifies an alternate configuration file path.
23 Check the configuration file for validity and exit.
26 Enables debug logging.
27 The 'all' parameter is present for historical reasons.
30 Display version number (and date of the last commit).
36 Use Xinerama instead of RandR. This option should only be used if you are stuck
37 with the old nVidia closed source driver (older than 302.17) which does not
41 Retrieve the i3 IPC socket path from X11, print it, then exit.
43 --shmlog-size <limit>::
44 Limits the size of the i3 SHM log to <limit> bytes. Setting this to 0 disables
45 SHM logging entirely. The default is 0 bytes.
51 i3 was created because wmii, our favorite window manager at the time, didn’t
52 provide some features we wanted (multi-monitor done right, for example), had
53 some bugs, didn’t progress since quite some time and wasn’t easy to hack at all
54 (source code comments/documentation completely lacking). Still, we think the
55 wmii developers and contributors did a great job. Thank you for inspiring us to
58 Please be aware that i3 is primarily targeted at advanced users and developers.
60 === IMPORTANT NOTE TO nVidia BINARY DRIVER USERS
62 If you are using the nVidia binary graphics driver (also known as 'blob')
63 before version 302.17, you need to use the +--force-xinerama+ flag (in your
64 ~/.xsession) when starting i3, like so:
66 ----------------------------------------------
67 exec i3 --force-xinerama -V >>~/.i3/i3log 2>&1
68 ----------------------------------------------
70 See also docs/multi-monitor for the full explanation.
75 i3 keeps your layout in a tree data structure.
78 An X11 window, like the Firefox browser window or a terminal emulator.
81 A split container contains multiple other split containers or windows.
83 Containers can be used in various layouts. The default mode is called "default"
84 and just resizes each client equally so that it fits.
87 A workspace is a set of containers. Other window managers call this "Virtual
90 In i3, each workspace is assigned to a specific virtual screen. By default,
91 screen 1 has workspace 1, screen 2 has workspace 2 and so on… However, when you
92 create a new workspace (by simply switching to it), it’ll be assigned the
93 screen you are currently on.
96 Using XRandR, you can have an X11 screen spanning multiple real monitors.
97 Furthermore, you can set them up in cloning mode or with positions (monitor 1
98 is left of monitor 2).
100 i3 uses the RandR API to query which outputs are available and which screens
101 are connected to these outputs.
105 Here is a short overview of the default keybindings:
108 Open a new terminal emulator window.
111 Open dmenu for starting any application by typing (part of) its name.
114 Direction keys (left, down, up, right). They are on your homerow (see the mark
115 on your "j" key). Alternatively, you can use the cursor keys.
118 Focus window in <direction>.
120 Mod1+Shift+<direction>::
121 Move window to <direction>.
124 Switch to workspace <number>.
126 Mod1+Shift+<number>::
127 Move window to workspace <number>.
130 Toggle fullscreen mode.
133 Enable stacking layout for the current container.
136 Enable default layout for the current container.
139 Enable tabbed layout for the current container.
142 Toggle tiling/floating for the current container.
145 Select the first tiling container if the current container is floating and
149 Kills the current window. This is equivalent to "clicking on the close button",
150 meaning a polite request to the application to close this window. For example,
151 Firefox will save its session upon such a request. If the application does not
152 support that, the window will be killed and it depends on the application what
156 Restarts i3 in place. Your layout will be preserved.
163 === \~/.i3/config (or ~/.config/i3/config)
165 When starting, i3 looks for configuration files in the following order:
167 1. ~/.config/i3/config (or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/i3/config if set)
168 2. /etc/xdg/i3/config (or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/i3/config if set)
172 You can specify a custom path using the -c option.
174 .Sample configuration
175 -------------------------------------------------------------
176 # i3 config file (v4)
178 # Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
179 # is used in the bar {} block below.
180 # This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
181 # text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
182 font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8
183 # Before i3 v4.8, we used to recommend this one as the default:
184 # font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
185 # The font above is very space-efficient, that is, it looks good, sharp and
186 # clear in small sizes. However, its unicode glyph coverage is limited, the old
187 # X core fonts rendering does not support right-to-left and this being a bitmap
188 # font, it doesn’t scale on retina/hidpi displays.
190 # use Mouse+Mod1 to drag floating windows to their wanted position
191 floating_modifier Mod1
194 bindsym Mod1+Return exec /usr/bin/urxvt
196 # kill focused window
197 bindsym Mod1+Shift+q kill
199 # start dmenu (a program launcher)
200 bindsym Mod1+d exec /usr/bin/dmenu_run
203 bindsym Mod1+j focus left
204 bindsym Mod1+k focus down
205 bindsym Mod1+l focus up
206 bindsym Mod1+semicolon focus right
208 # alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
209 bindsym Mod1+Left focus left
210 bindsym Mod1+Down focus down
211 bindsym Mod1+Up focus up
212 bindsym Mod1+Right focus right
214 # move focused window
215 bindsym Mod1+Shift+j move left
216 bindsym Mod1+Shift+k move down
217 bindsym Mod1+Shift+l move up
218 bindsym Mod1+Shift+semicolon move right
220 # alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
221 bindsym Mod1+Shift+Left move left
222 bindsym Mod1+Shift+Down move down
223 bindsym Mod1+Shift+Up move up
224 bindsym Mod1+Shift+Right move right
226 # split in horizontal orientation
227 bindsym Mod1+h split h
229 # split in vertical orientation
230 bindsym Mod1+v split v
232 # enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
233 bindsym Mod1+f fullscreen toggle
235 # change container layout (stacked, tabbed, default)
236 bindsym Mod1+s layout stacking
237 bindsym Mod1+w layout tabbed
238 bindsym Mod1+e layout default
240 # toggle tiling / floating
241 bindsym Mod1+Shift+space floating toggle
243 # change focus between tiling / floating windows
244 bindsym Mod1+space focus mode_toggle
246 # focus the parent container
247 bindsym Mod1+a focus parent
249 # focus the child container
250 #bindsym Mod1+d focus child
252 # switch to workspace
253 bindsym Mod1+1 workspace 1
254 bindsym Mod1+2 workspace 2
257 # move focused container to workspace
258 bindsym Mod1+Shift+1 move workspace 1
259 bindsym Mod1+Shift+2 move workspace 2
262 # reload the configuration file
263 bindsym Mod1+Shift+c reload
264 # restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
265 bindsym Mod1+Shift+r restart
266 # exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
267 bindsym Mod1+Shift+e exit
269 # display workspace buttons plus a statusline generated by i3status
271 status_command i3status
273 -------------------------------------------------------------
277 This file is where you should configure your locales and start i3. It is run by
278 your login manager (xdm, slim, gdm, …) as soon as you login.
281 -------------------------------------------------------------
282 # Disable DPMS turning off the screen
289 # Enable zapping (C-A-<Bksp> kills X)
290 setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
292 # Enforce correct locales from the beginning:
293 # LC_ALL is unset since it overwrites everything
294 # LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 is used, except for:
295 # LC_MESSAGES=C never translates program output
296 # LC_TIME=en_DK leads to yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm date/time output
298 export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
300 export LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
302 # Use XToolkit in java applications
303 export AWT_TOOLKIT=XToolkit
305 # Set background color
306 xsetroot -solid "#333333"
308 # Enable core dumps in case something goes wrong
311 # Start i3 and log to ~/.i3/logfile
312 echo "Starting at $(date)" >> ~/.i3/logfile
313 exec /usr/bin/i3 -V -d all >> ~/.i3/logfile
314 -------------------------------------------------------------
320 This variable overwrites the IPC socket path (placed in
321 /tmp/i3-%u.XXXXXX/ipc-socket.%p by default, where %u is replaced with your UNIX
322 username, %p is replaced with i3’s PID and XXXXXX is a string of random
323 characters from the portable filename character set (see mkdtemp(3))). The IPC
324 socket is used by external programs like i3-msg(1) or i3bar(1).
328 There is still lot of work to do. Please check our bugtracker for up-to-date
329 information about tasks which are still not finished.
333 You should have a copy of the userguide (featuring nice screenshots/graphics
334 which is why this is not integrated into this manpage), the debugging guide,
335 and the "how to hack" guide. If you are building from source, run:
338 You can also access these documents online at http://i3wm.org/
340 i3-input(1), i3-msg(1), i3bar(1), i3-nagbar(1), i3-config-wizard(1),
341 i3-migrate-config-to-v4(1)
345 Michael Stapelberg and contributors