1 /* phonetic.c - routines to do phonetic matching */
10 #include <sys/socket.h>
14 #if !defined(METAPHONE) && !defined(SOUNDEX)
18 #define iswordbreak(x) (!isascii(x) || isspace((unsigned char) (x)) || \
19 ispunct((unsigned char) (x)) || \
20 isdigit((unsigned char) (x)) || x == '\0')
29 while ( iswordbreak( *s ) ) {
47 while ( ! iswordbreak( *s ) ) {
51 while ( iswordbreak( *s ) ) {
68 for ( s = w; !iswordbreak( *s ); s++ )
79 #define MAXPHONEMELEN 4
84 /* lifted from isode-8.0 */
88 char code, adjacent, ch;
92 char phoneme[MAXPHONEMELEN + 1];
95 if ( p == NULL || *p == '\0' ) {
100 phoneme[0] = TOUPPER(*p);
103 for ( i = 0; i < 99 && (! iswordbreak(*p)); p++ ) {
113 code = (adjacent != '1') ? '1' : '0';
123 code = (adjacent != '2') ? '2' : '0';
127 code = (adjacent != '3') ? '3' : '0';
130 code = (adjacent != '4') ? '4' : '0';
134 code = (adjacent != '5') ? '5' : '0';
137 code = (adjacent != '6') ? '6' : '0';
146 } else if ( code != '0' ) {
147 if ( i == MAXPHONEMELEN )
149 adjacent = phoneme[i] = code;
157 return( strdup( phoneme ) );
161 #if defined(METAPHONE)
164 * Metaphone copied from C Gazette, June/July 1991, pp 56-57,
165 * author Gary A. Parker, with changes by Bernard Tiffany of the
166 * University of Michigan, and more changes by Tim Howes of the
167 * University of Michigan.
170 /* Character coding array */
171 static char vsvfn[26] = {
172 1, 16, 4, 16, 9, 2, 4, 16, 9, 2, 0, 2, 2,
173 /* A B C D E F G H I J K L M */
174 2, 1, 4, 0, 2, 4, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0};
175 /* N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z */
177 /* Macros to access character coding array */
178 #define vowel(x) ((x) != '\0' && vsvfn[(x) - 'A'] & 1) /* AEIOU */
179 #define same(x) ((x) != '\0' && vsvfn[(x) - 'A'] & 2) /* FJLMNR */
180 #define varson(x) ((x) != '\0' && vsvfn[(x) - 'A'] & 4) /* CGPST */
181 #define frontv(x) ((x) != '\0' && vsvfn[(x) - 'A'] & 8) /* EIY */
182 #define noghf(x) ((x) != '\0' && vsvfn[(x) - 'A'] & 16) /* BDH */
185 phonetic( char *Word )
187 char *n, *n_start, *n_end; /* pointers to string */
188 char *metaph, *metaph_end; /* pointers to metaph */
189 char ntrans[40]; /* word with uppercase letters */
190 char newm[8];/* new metaph for comparison */
191 int KSflag; /* state flag for X -> KS */
192 char buf[MAXPHONEMELEN + 2];
196 * Copy Word to internal buffer, dropping non-alphabetic characters
197 * and converting to upper case
200 for (n = ntrans + 4, n_end = ntrans + 35; !iswordbreak( *Word ) &&
203 *n++ = TOUPPER(*Word);
207 if (n == ntrans + 4) {
208 return( strdup( buf ) ); /* Return if null */
210 n_end = n; /* Set n_end to end of string */
212 /* ntrans[0] will always be == 0 */
220 *n = 0; /* Pad with nulls */
221 n = ntrans + 4; /* Assign pointer to start */
223 /* Check for PN, KN, GN, AE, WR, WH, and X at start */
228 /* 'PN', 'KN', 'GN' becomes 'N' */
233 /* 'AE' becomes 'E' */
238 /* 'WR' becomes 'R', and 'WH' to 'H' */
241 else if (*(n + 1) == 'H') {
247 /* 'X' becomes 'S' */
253 * Now, loop step through string, stopping at end of string or when
254 * the computed 'metaph' is MAXPHONEMELEN characters long
257 KSflag = 0; /* state flag for KS translation */
258 for (metaph_end = Metaph + MAXPHONEMELEN, n_start = n;
259 n <= n_end && Metaph < metaph_end; n++) {
264 /* Drop duplicates except for CC */
265 if (*(n - 1) == *n && *n != 'C')
267 /* Check for F J L M N R or first letter vowel */
268 if (same(*n) || (n == n_start && vowel(*n)))
277 if (n == (n_end - 1) && *(n - 1) != 'M')
283 * X if in -CIA-, -CH- else S if in
284 * -CI-, -CE-, -CY- else dropped if
285 * in -SCI-, -SCE-, -SCY- else K
287 if (*(n - 1) != 'S' || !frontv(*(n + 1))) {
288 if (*(n + 1) == 'I' && *(n + 2) == 'A')
290 else if (frontv(*(n + 1)))
292 else if (*(n + 1) == 'H')
293 *Metaph++ = ((n == n_start && !vowel(*(n + 2)))
295 ? (char) 'K' : (char) 'X';
303 * J if in DGE or DGI or DGY else T
305 *Metaph++ = (*(n + 1) == 'G' && frontv(*(n + 2)))
306 ? (char) 'J' : (char) 'T';
311 * F if in -GH and not B--GH, D--GH,
312 * -H--GH, -H---GH else dropped if
313 * -GNED, -GN, -DGE-, -DGI-, -DGY-
314 * else J if in -GE-, -GI-, -GY- and
317 if ((*(n + 1) != 'J' || vowel(*(n + 2))) &&
318 (*(n + 1) != 'N' || ((n + 1) < n_end &&
319 (*(n + 2) != 'E' || *(n + 3) != 'D'))) &&
320 (*(n - 1) != 'D' || !frontv(*(n + 1))))
321 *Metaph++ = (frontv(*(n + 1)) &&
322 *(n + 2) != 'G') ? (char) 'G' : (char) 'K';
323 else if (*(n + 1) == 'H' && !noghf(*(n - 3)) &&
330 * H if before a vowel and not after
331 * C, G, P, S, T else dropped
333 if (!varson(*(n - 1)) && (!vowel(*(n - 1)) ||
340 * dropped if after C else K
348 * F if before H, else P
350 *Metaph++ = *(n + 1) == 'H' ?
351 (char) 'F' : (char) 'P';
363 * X in -SH-, -SIO- or -SIA- else S
365 *Metaph++ = (*(n + 1) == 'H' ||
366 (*(n + 1) == 'I' && (*(n + 2) == 'O' ||
368 ? (char) 'X' : (char) 'S';
373 * X in -TIA- or -TIO- else 0 (zero)
374 * before H else dropped if in -TCH-
377 if (*(n + 1) == 'I' && (*(n + 2) == 'O' ||
380 else if (*(n + 1) == 'H')
382 else if (*(n + 1) != 'C' || *(n + 2) != 'H')
395 * W after a vowel, else dropped
400 * Y unless followed by a vowel
413 *Metaph++ = 'K'; /* Insert K, then S */
428 *Metaph = 0; /* Null terminate */
429 return( strdup( buf ) );
432 #endif /* metaphone */