4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
15 #include <sys/types.h>
23 #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
24 #include <X11/extensions/XKB.h>
26 #include <xcb/xcb_wm.h>
27 #include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
28 #include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
29 #include <xcb/xcb_property.h>
30 #include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
31 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
32 #include <xcb/xinerama.h>
47 /* This is our connection to X11 for use with XKB */
50 /* The list of key bindings */
51 struct bindings_head bindings = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bindings);
53 /* This is a list of Stack_Windows, global, for easier/faster access on expose events */
54 struct stack_wins_head stack_wins = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(stack_wins);
56 /* The event handlers need to be global because they are accessed by our custom event handler
57 in handle_button_press(), needed for graphical resizing */
58 xcb_event_handlers_t evenths;
59 xcb_atom_t atoms[NUM_ATOMS];
64 * Do some sanity checks and then reparent the window.
67 void manage_window(xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_connection_t *c, xcb_window_t window, window_attributes_t wa) {
68 printf("managing window.\n");
69 xcb_drawable_t d = { window };
70 xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t geomc;
71 xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geom;
72 xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *attr = 0;
74 if (wa.tag == TAG_COOKIE) {
75 /* Check if the window is mapped (it could be not mapped when intializing and
76 calling manage_window() for every window) */
77 if ((attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(c, wa.u.cookie, 0)) == NULL)
80 if (attr->map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
84 wa.u.override_redirect = attr->override_redirect;
87 /* Check if the window is already managed */
88 if (!wa.u.override_redirect && table_get(byChild, window))
91 /* Don’t manage clients with the override_redirect flag */
92 if (wa.u.override_redirect)
95 /* Get the initial geometry (position, size, …) */
96 geomc = xcb_get_geometry(c, d);
99 wa.u.cookie = xcb_get_window_attributes(c, window);
100 attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(c, wa.u.cookie, 0);
102 geom = xcb_get_geometry_reply(c, geomc, 0);
104 reparent_window(c, window, attr->visual, geom->root, geom->depth,
105 geom->x, geom->y, geom->width, geom->height);
106 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_NAME);
116 * reparent_window() gets called when a new window was opened and becomes a child of the root
117 * window, or it gets called by us when we manage the already existing windows at startup.
119 * Essentially, this is the point, where we take over control.
122 void reparent_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_window_t child,
123 xcb_visualid_t visual, xcb_window_t root, uint8_t depth,
124 int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t width, uint16_t height) {
126 xcb_get_property_cookie_t wm_type_cookie, strut_cookie;
128 /* Place requests for properties ASAP */
129 wm_type_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT32_MAX);
130 strut_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL], UINT32_MAX);
132 Client *new = table_get(byChild, child);
134 /* TODO: When does this happen for existing clients? Is that a bug? */
135 printf("oh, it's new\n");
136 new = calloc(sizeof(Client), 1);
137 new->force_reconfigure = true;
142 /* Update the data structures */
143 CUR_CELL->currently_focused = new;
144 new->container = CUR_CELL;
146 new->frame = xcb_generate_id(conn);
148 new->rect.width = width;
149 new->rect.height = height;
151 /* Don’t generate events for our new window, it should *not* be managed */
152 mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
155 /* We want to know when… */
156 mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
157 values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS | /* …mouse is pressed/released */
158 XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE |
159 XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE | /* …our window needs to be redrawn */
160 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW; /* …user moves cursor inside our window */
162 printf("Reparenting 0x%08x under 0x%08x.\n", child, new->frame);
164 i3Font *font = load_font(conn, config.font);
165 width = min(width, c_ws->rect.x + c_ws->rect.width);
166 height = min(height, c_ws->rect.y + c_ws->rect.height);
168 Rect framerect = {x, y,
169 width + 2 + 2, /* 2 px border at each side */
170 height + 2 + 2 + font->height}; /* 2 px border plus font’s height */
172 /* Yo dawg, I heard you like windows, so I create a window around your window… */
173 new->frame = create_window(conn, framerect, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, mask, values);
175 /* Put the client inside the save set. Upon termination (whether killed or normal exit
176 does not matter) of the window manager, these clients will be correctly reparented
177 to their most closest living ancestor (= cleanup) */
178 xcb_change_save_set(conn, XCB_SET_MODE_INSERT, child);
180 /* Generate a graphics context for the titlebar */
181 new->titlegc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
182 xcb_create_gc(conn, new->titlegc, new->frame, 0, 0);
184 /* Put our data structure (Client) into the table */
185 table_put(byParent, new->frame, new);
186 table_put(byChild, child, new);
188 /* Moves the original window into the new frame we've created for it */
189 new->awaiting_useless_unmap = true;
190 xcb_void_cookie_t cookie = xcb_reparent_window_checked(conn, child, new->frame, 0, font->height);
191 check_error(conn, cookie, "Could not reparent window");
193 /* We are interested in property changes */
194 mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
195 values[0] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
196 XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
197 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
198 cookie = xcb_change_window_attributes_checked(conn, child, mask, values);
199 check_error(conn, cookie, "Could not change window attributes");
201 /* We need to grab the mouse buttons for click to focus */
202 xcb_grab_button(conn, false, child, XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS,
203 XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, root, XCB_NONE,
204 1 /* left mouse button */,
205 XCB_BUTTON_MASK_ANY /* don’t filter for any modifiers */);
207 /* Focus the new window */
208 xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, new->child, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
210 /* Get _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE (to see if it’s a dock) */
212 xcb_get_property_reply_t *preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, wm_type_cookie, NULL);
213 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (atom = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
214 for (int i = 0; i < xcb_get_property_value_length(preply); i++)
215 if (atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK]) {
216 printf("Window is a dock.\n");
218 new->titlebar_position = TITLEBAR_OFF;
219 new->force_reconfigure = true;
220 new->container = NULL;
221 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(c_ws->dock_clients), new, dock_clients);
225 /* Get _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL to determine the client’s requested height */
227 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, strut_cookie, NULL);
228 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (strut = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
229 /* We only use a subset of the provided values, namely the reserved space at the top/bottom
230 of the screen. This is because the only possibility for bars is at to be at the top/bottom
231 with maximum horizontal size.
232 TODO: bars at the top */
233 new->desired_height = strut[3];
234 printf("the client wants to be %d pixels height\n", new->desired_height);
237 /* Insert into the currently active container, if it’s not a dock window */
239 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&(CUR_CELL->clients), new, clients);
245 * Go through all existing windows (if the window manager is restarted) and manage them
248 void manage_existing_windows(xcb_connection_t *c, xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_window_t root) {
249 xcb_query_tree_reply_t *reply;
251 xcb_window_t *children;
252 xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t *cookies;
254 /* Get the tree of windows whose parent is the root window (= all) */
255 if ((reply = xcb_query_tree_reply(c, xcb_query_tree(c, root), 0)) == NULL)
258 len = xcb_query_tree_children_length(reply);
259 cookies = smalloc(len * sizeof(*cookies));
261 /* Request the window attributes for every window */
262 children = xcb_query_tree_children(reply);
263 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i)
264 cookies[i] = xcb_get_window_attributes(c, children[i]);
266 /* Call manage_window with the attributes for every window */
267 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
268 window_attributes_t wa = { TAG_COOKIE, { cookies[i] } };
269 manage_window(prophs, c, children[i], wa);
275 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) {
278 xcb_property_handlers_t prophs;
280 xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t atom_cookies[NUM_ATOMS];
282 /* Initialize the table data structures for each workspace */
285 memset(&evenths, 0, sizeof(xcb_event_handlers_t));
286 memset(&prophs, 0, sizeof(xcb_property_handlers_t));
288 byChild = alloc_table();
289 byParent = alloc_table();
291 load_configuration("i3.config");
293 c = xcb_connect(NULL, &screens);
295 /* Place requests for the atoms we need as soon as possible */
296 #define REQUEST_ATOM(name) atom_cookies[name] = xcb_intern_atom(c, 0, strlen(#name), #name);
298 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
299 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
300 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
301 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
302 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
303 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
304 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
305 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
306 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
307 REQUEST_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
309 /* TODO: this has to be more beautiful somewhen */
310 int major, minor, error;
312 major = XkbMajorVersion;
313 minor = XkbMinorVersion;
317 if ((xkbdpy = XkbOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"), &evBase, &errBase, &major, &minor, &error)) == NULL) {
318 fprintf(stderr, "XkbOpenDisplay() failed\n");
323 if (!XkbQueryExtension(xkbdpy,&i1,&evBase,&errBase,&major,&minor)) {
324 fprintf(stderr, "XKB not supported by X-server\n");
327 /* end of ugliness */
329 xcb_event_handlers_init(c, &evenths);
331 /* DEBUG: Trap all events and print them */
332 for (i = 2; i < 128; ++i)
333 xcb_event_set_handler(&evenths, i, handle_event, 0);
335 for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
336 xcb_event_set_error_handler(&evenths, i, (xcb_generic_error_handler_t)handle_event, 0);
338 /* Expose = an Application should redraw itself, in this case it’s our titlebars. */
339 xcb_event_set_expose_handler(&evenths, handle_expose_event, 0);
341 /* Key presses/releases are pretty obvious, I think */
342 xcb_event_set_key_press_handler(&evenths, handle_key_press, 0);
343 xcb_event_set_key_release_handler(&evenths, handle_key_release, 0);
345 /* Enter window = user moved his mouse over the window */
346 xcb_event_set_enter_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_enter_notify, 0);
348 /* Button press = user pushed a mouse button over one of our windows */
349 xcb_event_set_button_press_handler(&evenths, handle_button_press, 0);
351 /* Map notify = there is a new window */
352 xcb_event_set_map_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_map_notify_event, &prophs);
354 /* Unmap notify = window disappeared. When sent from a client, we don’t manage
355 it any longer. Usually, the client destroys the window shortly afterwards. */
356 xcb_event_set_unmap_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_unmap_notify_event, 0);
358 /* Client message = client changed its properties (EWMH) */
359 /* TODO: can’t we do this via property handlers? */
360 xcb_event_set_client_message_handler(&evenths, handle_client_message, 0);
362 /* Initialize the property handlers */
363 xcb_property_handlers_init(&prophs, &evenths);
365 /* Watch the WM_NAME (= title of the window) property */
366 xcb_watch_wm_name(&prophs, 128, handle_windowname_change, 0);
368 /* Get the root window and set the event mask */
369 root = xcb_aux_get_screen(c, screens)->root;
371 uint32_t mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
372 uint32_t values[] = { XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
373 XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
374 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW };
375 xcb_change_window_attributes(c, root, mask, values);
377 /* Setup NetWM atoms */
378 #define GET_ATOM(name) { \
379 xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(c, atom_cookies[name], NULL); \
381 printf("Could not get atom " #name "\n"); \
384 atoms[name] = reply->atom; \
388 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
389 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
390 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
391 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
392 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
393 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
394 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
395 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
396 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
397 GET_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
399 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT_MAX, window_type_handler, NULL);
400 /* TODO: In order to comply with EWMH, we have to watch _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL */
402 /* Set up the atoms we support */
403 check_error(c, xcb_change_property_checked(c, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTED],
404 ATOM, 32, 7, atoms), "Could not set _NET_SUPPORTED");
406 /* Set up the window manager’s name */
407 xcb_change_property(c, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK], WINDOW, 32, 1, &root);
408 xcb_change_property(c, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], atoms[UTF8_STRING], 8, strlen("i3"), "i3");
410 /* Grab the bound keys */
412 TAILQ_FOREACH(bind, &bindings, bindings) {
413 printf("Grabbing %d\n", bind->keycode);
414 if (bind->mods & BIND_MODE_SWITCH)
415 xcb_grab_key(c, 0, root, 0, bind->keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC);
416 else xcb_grab_key(c, 0, root, bind->mods, bind->keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC);
419 /* check for Xinerama */
420 printf("Checking for Xinerama...\n");
421 initialize_xinerama(c);
423 /* DEBUG: Start a terminal */
424 start_application(config.terminal);
428 manage_existing_windows(c, &prophs, root);
430 /* Get pointer position to see on which screen we’re starting */
431 xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *reply;
432 if ((reply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(c, xcb_query_pointer(c, root), NULL)) == NULL) {
433 printf("Could not get pointer position\n");
437 i3Screen *screen = get_screen_containing(reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
438 if (screen == NULL) {
439 printf("ERROR: No such screen\n");
442 if (screen->current_workspace != 0) {
443 printf("Ok, I need to go to the other workspace\n");
444 c_ws = &workspaces[screen->current_workspace];
447 /* Enter xcb’s event handler */
448 xcb_event_wait_for_event_loop(&evenths);