4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
14 #include <sys/types.h>
23 #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
24 #include <X11/extensions/XKB.h>
27 #include <xcb/xcb_atom.h>
28 #include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
29 #include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
30 #include <xcb/xcb_property.h>
31 #include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
32 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
33 #include <xcb/xinerama.h>
52 #include "sighandler.h"
54 xcb_connection_t *global_conn;
56 /* This is the path to i3, copied from argv[0] when starting up */
59 /* This is our connection to X11 for use with XKB */
62 xcb_key_symbols_t *keysyms;
64 /* The list of key bindings */
65 struct bindings_head *bindings;
67 /* The list of exec-lines */
68 struct autostarts_head autostarts = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(autostarts);
70 /* The list of assignments */
71 struct assignments_head assignments = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(assignments);
73 /* This is a list of Stack_Windows, global, for easier/faster access on expose events */
74 struct stack_wins_head stack_wins = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(stack_wins);
76 /* The event handlers need to be global because they are accessed by our custom event handler
77 in handle_button_press(), needed for graphical resizing */
78 xcb_event_handlers_t evenths;
79 xcb_atom_t atoms[NUM_ATOMS];
84 /* The depth of the root screen (used e.g. for creating new pixmaps later) */
87 /* We hope that XKB is supported and set this to false */
88 bool xkb_supported = true;
91 * This callback is only a dummy, see xcb_prepare_cb and xcb_check_cb.
92 * See also man libev(3): "ev_prepare" and "ev_check" - customise your event loop
95 static void xcb_got_event(EV_P_ struct ev_io *w, int revents) {
96 /* empty, because xcb_prepare_cb and xcb_check_cb are used */
100 * Flush before blocking (and waiting for new events)
103 static void xcb_prepare_cb(EV_P_ ev_prepare *w, int revents) {
104 xcb_flush(evenths.c);
108 * Instead of polling the X connection socket we leave this to
109 * xcb_poll_for_event() which knows better than we can ever know.
112 static void xcb_check_cb(EV_P_ ev_check *w, int revents) {
113 xcb_generic_event_t *event;
115 while ((event = xcb_poll_for_event(evenths.c)) != NULL) {
116 xcb_event_handle(&evenths, event);
122 * When using xmodmap to change the keyboard mapping, this event
123 * is only sent via XKB. Therefore, we need this special handler.
126 static void xkb_got_event(EV_P_ struct ev_io *w, int revents) {
127 DLOG("Handling XKB event\n");
129 /* When using xmodmap, every change (!) gets an own event.
130 * Therefore, we just read all events and only handle the
131 * mapping_notify once (we do not receive any other XKB
133 while (XPending(xkbdpy))
134 XNextEvent(xkbdpy, &ev);
136 xcb_key_symbols_free(keysyms);
137 keysyms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(global_conn);
139 xcb_get_numlock_mask(global_conn);
141 ungrab_all_keys(global_conn);
142 DLOG("Re-grabbing...\n");
143 grab_all_keys(global_conn);
149 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) {
151 char *override_configpath = NULL;
152 bool autostart = true;
153 bool only_check_config = false;
154 xcb_connection_t *conn;
155 xcb_property_handlers_t prophs;
156 xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t atom_cookies[NUM_ATOMS];
157 static struct option long_options[] = {
158 {"no-autostart", no_argument, 0, 'a'},
159 {"config", required_argument, 0, 'c'},
160 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
161 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
164 int option_index = 0;
166 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
168 /* Disable output buffering to make redirects in .xsession actually useful for debugging */
169 if (!isatty(fileno(stdout)))
170 setbuf(stdout, NULL);
174 while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:Cvahld:V", long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
177 LOG("Autostart disabled using -a\n");
181 override_configpath = sstrdup(optarg);
184 LOG("Checking configuration file only (-C)\n");
185 only_check_config = true;
188 printf("i3 version " I3_VERSION " © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors\n");
194 LOG("Enabling debug loglevel %s\n", optarg);
195 add_loglevel(optarg);
198 /* DEPRECATED, ignored for the next 3 versions (3.e, 3.f, 3.g) */
201 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c configfile] [-d loglevel] [-a] [-v] [-V] [-C]\n", argv[0]);
202 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
203 fprintf(stderr, "-a: disable autostart\n");
204 fprintf(stderr, "-v: display version and exit\n");
205 fprintf(stderr, "-V: enable verbose mode\n");
206 fprintf(stderr, "-d <loglevel>: enable debug loglevel <loglevel>\n");
207 fprintf(stderr, "-c <configfile>: use the provided configfile instead\n");
208 fprintf(stderr, "-C: check configuration file and exit\n");
213 LOG("i3 version " I3_VERSION " starting\n");
215 /* Initialize the table data structures for each workspace */
218 memset(&evenths, 0, sizeof(xcb_event_handlers_t));
219 memset(&prophs, 0, sizeof(xcb_property_handlers_t));
221 conn = global_conn = xcb_connect(NULL, &screens);
223 if (xcb_connection_has_error(conn))
224 die("Cannot open display\n");
226 load_configuration(conn, override_configpath, false);
227 if (only_check_config) {
228 LOG("Done checking configuration file. Exiting.\n");
232 /* Create the initial container on the first workspace. This used to
233 * be part of init_table, but since it possibly requires an X
234 * connection and a loaded configuration (default mode for new
235 * containers may be stacking, which requires a new window to be
236 * created), it had to be delayed. */
237 expand_table_cols(TAILQ_FIRST(workspaces));
238 expand_table_rows(TAILQ_FIRST(workspaces));
240 /* Place requests for the atoms we need as soon as possible */
241 #define REQUEST_ATOM(name) atom_cookies[name] = xcb_intern_atom(conn, 0, strlen(#name), #name);
243 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
244 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
245 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
246 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
247 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
248 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
249 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
250 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
251 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG);
252 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY);
253 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR);
254 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH);
255 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
256 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_PROTOCOLS);
257 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_DELETE_WINDOW);
258 REQUEST_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
259 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_STATE);
260 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_CLIENT_LEADER);
261 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP);
262 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW);
263 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WORKAREA);
265 /* TODO: this has to be more beautiful somewhen */
266 int major, minor, error;
268 major = XkbMajorVersion;
269 minor = XkbMinorVersion;
273 if ((xkbdpy = XkbOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"), &evBase, &errBase, &major, &minor, &error)) == NULL) {
274 ELOG("ERROR: XkbOpenDisplay() failed, disabling XKB support\n");
275 xkb_supported = false;
279 if (fcntl(ConnectionNumber(xkbdpy), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
280 fprintf(stderr, "Could not set FD_CLOEXEC on xkbdpy\n");
285 if (!XkbQueryExtension(xkbdpy,&i1,&evBase,&errBase,&major,&minor)) {
286 fprintf(stderr, "XKB not supported by X-server\n");
289 /* end of ugliness */
291 if (!XkbSelectEvents(xkbdpy, XkbUseCoreKbd, XkbMapNotifyMask, XkbMapNotifyMask)) {
292 fprintf(stderr, "Could not set XKB event mask\n");
297 /* Initialize event loop using libev */
298 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_loop_new(0);
300 die("Could not initialize libev. Bad LIBEV_FLAGS?\n");
302 struct ev_io *xcb_watcher = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_io));
303 struct ev_io *xkb = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_io));
304 struct ev_check *xcb_check = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_check));
305 struct ev_prepare *xcb_prepare = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_prepare));
307 ev_io_init(xcb_watcher, xcb_got_event, xcb_get_file_descriptor(conn), EV_READ);
308 ev_io_start(loop, xcb_watcher);
311 ev_io_init(xkb, xkb_got_event, ConnectionNumber(xkbdpy), EV_READ);
312 ev_io_start(loop, xkb);
314 /* Flush the buffer so that libev can properly get new events */
318 ev_check_init(xcb_check, xcb_check_cb);
319 ev_check_start(loop, xcb_check);
321 ev_prepare_init(xcb_prepare, xcb_prepare_cb);
322 ev_prepare_start(loop, xcb_prepare);
324 /* Grab the server to delay any events until we enter the eventloop */
325 xcb_grab_server(conn);
327 xcb_event_handlers_init(conn, &evenths);
329 /* DEBUG: Trap all events and print them */
330 for (i = 2; i < 128; ++i)
331 xcb_event_set_handler(&evenths, i, handle_event, 0);
333 for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
334 xcb_event_set_error_handler(&evenths, i, (xcb_generic_error_handler_t)handle_event, 0);
336 /* Expose = an Application should redraw itself, in this case it’s our titlebars. */
337 xcb_event_set_expose_handler(&evenths, handle_expose_event, NULL);
339 /* Key presses/releases are pretty obvious, I think */
340 xcb_event_set_key_press_handler(&evenths, handle_key_press, NULL);
341 xcb_event_set_key_release_handler(&evenths, handle_key_release, NULL);
343 /* Enter window = user moved his mouse over the window */
344 xcb_event_set_enter_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_enter_notify, NULL);
346 /* Button press = user pushed a mouse button over one of our windows */
347 xcb_event_set_button_press_handler(&evenths, handle_button_press, NULL);
349 /* Map notify = there is a new window */
350 xcb_event_set_map_request_handler(&evenths, handle_map_request, &prophs);
352 /* Unmap notify = window disappeared. When sent from a client, we don’t manage
353 it any longer. Usually, the client destroys the window shortly afterwards. */
354 xcb_event_set_unmap_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_unmap_notify_event, NULL);
356 /* Configure notify = window’s configuration (geometry, stacking, …). We only need
357 it to set up ignore the following enter_notify events */
358 xcb_event_set_configure_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_configure_event, NULL);
360 /* Configure request = window tried to change size on its own */
361 xcb_event_set_configure_request_handler(&evenths, handle_configure_request, NULL);
363 /* Motion notify = user moved his cursor (over the root window and may
364 * cross virtual screen boundaries doing that) */
365 xcb_event_set_motion_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_motion_notify, NULL);
367 /* Mapping notify = keyboard mapping changed (Xmodmap), re-grab bindings */
368 xcb_event_set_mapping_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_mapping_notify, NULL);
370 /* Client message are sent to the root window. The only interesting client message
371 for us is _NET_WM_STATE, we honour _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN */
372 xcb_event_set_client_message_handler(&evenths, handle_client_message, NULL);
374 /* Initialize the property handlers */
375 xcb_property_handlers_init(&prophs, &evenths);
377 /* Watch size hints (to obey correct aspect ratio) */
378 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_NORMAL_HINTS, UINT_MAX, handle_normal_hints, NULL);
380 /* Get the root window and set the event mask */
381 xcb_screen_t *root_screen = xcb_aux_get_screen(conn, screens);
382 root = root_screen->root;
383 root_depth = root_screen->root_depth;
385 uint32_t mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
386 uint32_t values[] = { XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT |
387 XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY | /* when the user adds a screen (e.g. video
388 projector), the root window gets a
390 XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION |
391 XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
392 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW };
393 xcb_void_cookie_t cookie;
394 cookie = xcb_change_window_attributes_checked(conn, root, mask, values);
395 check_error(conn, cookie, "Another window manager seems to be running");
397 /* Setup NetWM atoms */
398 #define GET_ATOM(name) { \
399 xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(conn, atom_cookies[name], NULL); \
401 ELOG("Could not get atom " #name "\n"); \
404 atoms[name] = reply->atom; \
408 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
409 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
410 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
411 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
412 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
413 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
414 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
415 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
416 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG);
417 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY);
418 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR);
419 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH);
420 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
421 GET_ATOM(WM_PROTOCOLS);
422 GET_ATOM(WM_DELETE_WINDOW);
423 GET_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
425 GET_ATOM(WM_CLIENT_LEADER);
426 GET_ATOM(_NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP);
427 GET_ATOM(_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW);
428 GET_ATOM(_NET_WORKAREA);
430 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT_MAX, handle_window_type, NULL);
431 /* TODO: In order to comply with EWMH, we have to watch _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL */
433 /* Watch _NET_WM_NAME (= title of the window in UTF-8) property */
434 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], 128, handle_windowname_change, NULL);
436 /* Watch WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property (to which client this popup window belongs) */
437 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_TRANSIENT_FOR, UINT_MAX, handle_transient_for, NULL);
439 /* Watch WM_NAME (= title of the window in compound text) property for legacy applications */
440 xcb_watch_wm_name(&prophs, 128, handle_windowname_change_legacy, NULL);
442 /* Watch WM_CLASS (= class of the window) */
443 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_CLASS, 128, handle_windowclass_change, NULL);
445 /* Watch WM_CLIENT_LEADER (= logical parent window for toolbars etc.) */
446 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[WM_CLIENT_LEADER], UINT_MAX, handle_clientleader_change, NULL);
448 /* Watch WM_HINTS (contains the urgent property) */
449 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_HINTS, UINT_MAX, handle_hints, NULL);
451 /* Set up the atoms we support */
452 check_error(conn, xcb_change_property_checked(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTED],
453 ATOM, 32, 7, atoms), "Could not set _NET_SUPPORTED");
454 /* Set up the window manager’s name */
455 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK], WINDOW, 32, 1, &root);
456 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], atoms[UTF8_STRING], 8, strlen("i3"), "i3");
458 keysyms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(conn);
460 xcb_get_numlock_mask(conn);
464 /* Autostarting exec-lines */
465 struct Autostart *exec;
467 TAILQ_FOREACH(exec, &autostarts, autostarts) {
468 LOG("auto-starting %s\n", exec->command);
469 start_application(exec->command);
473 /* check for Xinerama */
474 DLOG("Checking for Xinerama...\n");
475 initialize_xinerama(conn);
479 /* Get pointer position to see on which screen we’re starting */
480 xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *reply;
481 if ((reply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, xcb_query_pointer(conn, root), NULL)) == NULL) {
482 ELOG("Could not get pointer position\n");
486 i3Screen *screen = get_screen_containing(reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
487 if (screen == NULL) {
488 ELOG("ERROR: No screen at %d x %d, starting on the first screen\n",
489 reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
490 screen = TAILQ_FIRST(virtual_screens);
493 DLOG("Starting on %d\n", screen->current_workspace);
494 c_ws = screen->current_workspace;
496 manage_existing_windows(conn, &prophs, root);
498 /* Create the UNIX domain socket for IPC */
499 if (config.ipc_socket_path != NULL) {
500 int ipc_socket = ipc_create_socket(config.ipc_socket_path);
501 if (ipc_socket == -1) {
502 ELOG("Could not create the IPC socket, IPC disabled\n");
504 struct ev_io *ipc_io = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_io));
505 ev_io_init(ipc_io, ipc_new_client, ipc_socket, EV_READ);
506 ev_io_start(loop, ipc_io);
510 /* Handle the events which arrived until now */
511 xcb_check_cb(NULL, NULL, 0);
513 setup_signal_handler();
514 /* Ungrab the server to receive events and enter libev’s eventloop */
515 xcb_ungrab_server(conn);