4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
15 #include <sys/types.h>
24 #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
25 #include <X11/extensions/XKB.h>
28 #include <xcb/xcb_atom.h>
29 #include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
30 #include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
31 #include <xcb/xcb_property.h>
32 #include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
33 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
34 #include <xcb/xinerama.h>
53 xcb_connection_t *global_conn;
55 /* This is the path to i3, copied from argv[0] when starting up */
58 /* This is our connection to X11 for use with XKB */
61 xcb_key_symbols_t *keysyms;
63 /* The list of key bindings */
64 struct bindings_head *bindings;
66 /* The list of exec-lines */
67 struct autostarts_head autostarts = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(autostarts);
69 /* The list of assignments */
70 struct assignments_head assignments = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(assignments);
72 /* This is a list of Stack_Windows, global, for easier/faster access on expose events */
73 struct stack_wins_head stack_wins = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(stack_wins);
75 /* The event handlers need to be global because they are accessed by our custom event handler
76 in handle_button_press(), needed for graphical resizing */
77 xcb_event_handlers_t evenths;
78 xcb_atom_t atoms[NUM_ATOMS];
83 /* The depth of the root screen (used e.g. for creating new pixmaps later) */
87 * This callback is only a dummy, see xcb_prepare_cb and xcb_check_cb.
88 * See also man libev(3): "ev_prepare" and "ev_check" - customise your event loop
91 static void xcb_got_event(EV_P_ struct ev_io *w, int revents) {
92 /* empty, because xcb_prepare_cb and xcb_check_cb are used */
96 * Flush before blocking (and waiting for new events)
99 static void xcb_prepare_cb(EV_P_ ev_prepare *w, int revents) {
100 xcb_flush(evenths.c);
104 * Instead of polling the X connection socket we leave this to
105 * xcb_poll_for_event() which knows better than we can ever know.
108 static void xcb_check_cb(EV_P_ ev_check *w, int revents) {
109 xcb_generic_event_t *event;
111 while ((event = xcb_poll_for_event(evenths.c)) != NULL) {
112 xcb_event_handle(&evenths, event);
118 * When using xmodmap to change the keyboard mapping, this event
119 * is only sent via XKB. Therefore, we need this special handler.
122 static void xkb_got_event(EV_P_ struct ev_io *w, int revents) {
123 LOG("got xkb event, yay\n");
125 /* When using xmodmap, every change (!) gets an own event.
126 * Therefore, we just read all events and only handle the
127 * mapping_notify once (we do not receive any other XKB
129 while (XPending(xkbdpy))
130 XNextEvent(xkbdpy, &ev);
132 xcb_key_symbols_free(keysyms);
133 keysyms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(global_conn);
135 xcb_get_numlock_mask(global_conn);
137 ungrab_all_keys(global_conn);
138 LOG("Re-grabbing...\n");
139 grab_all_keys(global_conn);
145 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) {
147 char *override_configpath = NULL;
148 bool autostart = true;
149 xcb_connection_t *conn;
150 xcb_property_handlers_t prophs;
151 xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t atom_cookies[NUM_ATOMS];
152 static struct option long_options[] = {
153 {"no-autostart", no_argument, 0, 'a'},
154 {"config", required_argument, 0, 'c'},
155 {"version", no_argument, 0, 'v'},
156 {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
159 int option_index = 0;
161 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
163 /* Disable output buffering to make redirects in .xsession actually useful for debugging */
164 if (!isatty(fileno(stdout)))
165 setbuf(stdout, NULL);
169 while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:vahl", long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
172 LOG("Autostart disabled using -a\n");
176 override_configpath = sstrdup(optarg);
179 printf("i3 version " I3_VERSION " © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors\n");
182 config_use_lexer = true;
185 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c configfile] [-a] [-v]\n", argv[0]);
186 fprintf(stderr, "\n");
187 fprintf(stderr, "-a: disable autostart\n");
188 fprintf(stderr, "-v: display version and exit\n");
189 fprintf(stderr, "-c <configfile>: use the provided configfile instead\n");
194 LOG("i3 version " I3_VERSION " starting\n");
196 /* Initialize the table data structures for each workspace */
199 memset(&evenths, 0, sizeof(xcb_event_handlers_t));
200 memset(&prophs, 0, sizeof(xcb_property_handlers_t));
202 conn = global_conn = xcb_connect(NULL, &screens);
204 if (xcb_connection_has_error(conn))
205 die("Cannot open display\n");
207 load_configuration(conn, override_configpath, false);
209 /* Create the initial container on the first workspace. This used to
210 * be part of init_table, but since it possibly requires an X
211 * connection and a loaded configuration (default mode for new
212 * containers may be stacking, which requires a new window to be
213 * created), it had to be delayed. */
214 expand_table_cols(TAILQ_FIRST(workspaces));
215 expand_table_rows(TAILQ_FIRST(workspaces));
217 /* Place requests for the atoms we need as soon as possible */
218 #define REQUEST_ATOM(name) atom_cookies[name] = xcb_intern_atom(conn, 0, strlen(#name), #name);
220 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
221 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
222 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
223 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
224 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
225 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
226 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
227 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
228 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG);
229 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY);
230 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR);
231 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH);
232 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
233 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_PROTOCOLS);
234 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_DELETE_WINDOW);
235 REQUEST_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
236 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_STATE);
237 REQUEST_ATOM(WM_CLIENT_LEADER);
239 /* TODO: this has to be more beautiful somewhen */
240 int major, minor, error;
242 major = XkbMajorVersion;
243 minor = XkbMinorVersion;
247 if ((xkbdpy = XkbOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"), &evBase, &errBase, &major, &minor, &error)) == NULL) {
248 fprintf(stderr, "XkbOpenDisplay() failed\n");
252 if (fcntl(ConnectionNumber(xkbdpy), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
253 fprintf(stderr, "Could not set FD_CLOEXEC on xkbdpy\n");
258 if (!XkbQueryExtension(xkbdpy,&i1,&evBase,&errBase,&major,&minor)) {
259 fprintf(stderr, "XKB not supported by X-server\n");
262 /* end of ugliness */
264 if (!XkbSelectEvents(xkbdpy, XkbUseCoreKbd, XkbMapNotifyMask, XkbMapNotifyMask)) {
265 fprintf(stderr, "Could not set XKB event mask\n");
269 /* Initialize event loop using libev */
270 struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop(0);
272 die("Could not initialize libev. Bad LIBEV_FLAGS?\n");
274 struct ev_io *xcb_watcher = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_io));
275 struct ev_io *xkb = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_io));
276 struct ev_check *xcb_check = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_check));
277 struct ev_prepare *xcb_prepare = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_prepare));
279 ev_io_init(xcb_watcher, xcb_got_event, xcb_get_file_descriptor(conn), EV_READ);
280 ev_io_start(loop, xcb_watcher);
282 ev_io_init(xkb, xkb_got_event, ConnectionNumber(xkbdpy), EV_READ);
283 ev_io_start(loop, xkb);
285 /* Flush the buffer so that libev can properly get new events */
288 ev_check_init(xcb_check, xcb_check_cb);
289 ev_check_start(loop, xcb_check);
291 ev_prepare_init(xcb_prepare, xcb_prepare_cb);
292 ev_prepare_start(loop, xcb_prepare);
294 /* Grab the server to delay any events until we enter the eventloop */
295 xcb_grab_server(conn);
297 xcb_event_handlers_init(conn, &evenths);
299 /* DEBUG: Trap all events and print them */
300 for (i = 2; i < 128; ++i)
301 xcb_event_set_handler(&evenths, i, handle_event, 0);
303 for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
304 xcb_event_set_error_handler(&evenths, i, (xcb_generic_error_handler_t)handle_event, 0);
306 /* Expose = an Application should redraw itself, in this case it’s our titlebars. */
307 xcb_event_set_expose_handler(&evenths, handle_expose_event, NULL);
309 /* Key presses/releases are pretty obvious, I think */
310 xcb_event_set_key_press_handler(&evenths, handle_key_press, NULL);
311 xcb_event_set_key_release_handler(&evenths, handle_key_release, NULL);
313 /* Enter window = user moved his mouse over the window */
314 xcb_event_set_enter_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_enter_notify, NULL);
316 /* Button press = user pushed a mouse button over one of our windows */
317 xcb_event_set_button_press_handler(&evenths, handle_button_press, NULL);
319 /* Map notify = there is a new window */
320 xcb_event_set_map_request_handler(&evenths, handle_map_request, &prophs);
322 /* Unmap notify = window disappeared. When sent from a client, we don’t manage
323 it any longer. Usually, the client destroys the window shortly afterwards. */
324 xcb_event_set_unmap_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_unmap_notify_event, NULL);
326 /* Configure notify = window’s configuration (geometry, stacking, …). We only need
327 it to set up ignore the following enter_notify events */
328 xcb_event_set_configure_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_configure_event, NULL);
330 /* Configure request = window tried to change size on its own */
331 xcb_event_set_configure_request_handler(&evenths, handle_configure_request, NULL);
333 /* Motion notify = user moved his cursor (over the root window and may
334 * cross virtual screen boundaries doing that) */
335 xcb_event_set_motion_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_motion_notify, NULL);
337 /* Mapping notify = keyboard mapping changed (Xmodmap), re-grab bindings */
338 xcb_event_set_mapping_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_mapping_notify, NULL);
340 /* Client message are sent to the root window. The only interesting client message
341 for us is _NET_WM_STATE, we honour _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN */
342 xcb_event_set_client_message_handler(&evenths, handle_client_message, NULL);
344 /* Initialize the property handlers */
345 xcb_property_handlers_init(&prophs, &evenths);
347 /* Watch size hints (to obey correct aspect ratio) */
348 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_NORMAL_HINTS, UINT_MAX, handle_normal_hints, NULL);
350 /* Get the root window and set the event mask */
351 xcb_screen_t *root_screen = xcb_aux_get_screen(conn, screens);
352 root = root_screen->root;
353 root_depth = root_screen->root_depth;
355 uint32_t mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
356 uint32_t values[] = { XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT |
357 XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY | /* when the user adds a screen (e.g. video
358 projector), the root window gets a
360 XCB_EVENT_MASK_POINTER_MOTION |
361 XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
362 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW };
363 xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, root, mask, values);
365 /* Setup NetWM atoms */
366 #define GET_ATOM(name) { \
367 xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(conn, atom_cookies[name], NULL); \
369 LOG("Could not get atom " #name "\n"); \
372 atoms[name] = reply->atom; \
376 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
377 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
378 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
379 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
380 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
381 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
382 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
383 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
384 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG);
385 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY);
386 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR);
387 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH);
388 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
389 GET_ATOM(WM_PROTOCOLS);
390 GET_ATOM(WM_DELETE_WINDOW);
391 GET_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
393 GET_ATOM(WM_CLIENT_LEADER);
395 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT_MAX, handle_window_type, NULL);
396 /* TODO: In order to comply with EWMH, we have to watch _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL */
398 /* Watch _NET_WM_NAME (= title of the window in UTF-8) property */
399 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], 128, handle_windowname_change, NULL);
401 /* Watch WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property (to which client this popup window belongs) */
402 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_TRANSIENT_FOR, UINT_MAX, handle_transient_for, NULL);
404 /* Watch WM_NAME (= title of the window in compound text) property for legacy applications */
405 xcb_watch_wm_name(&prophs, 128, handle_windowname_change_legacy, NULL);
407 /* Watch WM_CLASS (= class of the window) */
408 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_CLASS, 128, handle_windowclass_change, NULL);
410 /* Watch WM_CLIENT_LEADER (= logical parent window for toolbars etc.) */
411 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[WM_CLIENT_LEADER], UINT_MAX, handle_clientleader_change, NULL);
413 /* Watch WM_HINTS (contains the urgent property) */
414 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, WM_HINTS, UINT_MAX, handle_hints, NULL);
416 /* Set up the atoms we support */
417 check_error(conn, xcb_change_property_checked(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTED],
418 ATOM, 32, 7, atoms), "Could not set _NET_SUPPORTED");
419 /* Set up the window manager’s name */
420 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK], WINDOW, 32, 1, &root);
421 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], atoms[UTF8_STRING], 8, strlen("i3"), "i3");
423 keysyms = xcb_key_symbols_alloc(conn);
425 xcb_get_numlock_mask(conn);
429 /* Autostarting exec-lines */
430 struct Autostart *exec;
432 TAILQ_FOREACH(exec, &autostarts, autostarts) {
433 LOG("auto-starting %s\n", exec->command);
434 start_application(exec->command);
438 /* check for Xinerama */
439 LOG("Checking for Xinerama...\n");
440 initialize_xinerama(conn);
444 /* Get pointer position to see on which screen we’re starting */
445 xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *reply;
446 if ((reply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, xcb_query_pointer(conn, root), NULL)) == NULL) {
447 LOG("Could not get pointer position\n");
451 i3Screen *screen = get_screen_containing(reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
452 if (screen == NULL) {
453 LOG("ERROR: No screen at %d x %d, starting on the first screen\n",
454 reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
455 screen = TAILQ_FIRST(virtual_screens);
458 LOG("Starting on %d\n", screen->current_workspace);
459 c_ws = screen->current_workspace;
461 manage_existing_windows(conn, &prophs, root);
463 /* Create the UNIX domain socket for IPC */
464 if (config.ipc_socket_path != NULL) {
465 int ipc_socket = ipc_create_socket(config.ipc_socket_path);
466 if (ipc_socket == -1) {
467 LOG("Could not create the IPC socket, IPC disabled\n");
469 struct ev_io *ipc_io = scalloc(sizeof(struct ev_io));
470 ev_io_init(ipc_io, ipc_new_client, ipc_socket, EV_READ);
471 ev_io_start(loop, ipc_io);
475 /* Handle the events which arrived until now */
476 xcb_check_cb(NULL, NULL, 0);
478 /* Ungrab the server to receive events and enter libev’s eventloop */
479 xcb_ungrab_server(conn);