4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
15 #include <sys/types.h>
23 #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
24 #include <X11/extensions/XKB.h>
26 #include <xcb/xcb_wm.h>
27 #include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
28 #include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
29 #include <xcb/xcb_property.h>
30 #include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
31 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
32 #include <xcb/xinerama.h>
47 /* This is the path to i3, copied from argv[0] when starting up */
48 char *application_path;
50 /* This is our connection to X11 for use with XKB */
53 /* The list of key bindings */
54 struct bindings_head bindings = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bindings);
56 /* This is a list of Stack_Windows, global, for easier/faster access on expose events */
57 struct stack_wins_head stack_wins = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(stack_wins);
59 /* The event handlers need to be global because they are accessed by our custom event handler
60 in handle_button_press(), needed for graphical resizing */
61 xcb_event_handlers_t evenths;
62 xcb_atom_t atoms[NUM_ATOMS];
67 * Do some sanity checks and then reparent the window.
70 void manage_window(xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_connection_t *c, xcb_window_t window, window_attributes_t wa) {
71 printf("managing window.\n");
72 xcb_drawable_t d = { window };
73 xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t geomc;
74 xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geom;
75 xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *attr = 0;
77 if (wa.tag == TAG_COOKIE) {
78 /* Check if the window is mapped (it could be not mapped when intializing and
79 calling manage_window() for every window) */
80 if ((attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(c, wa.u.cookie, 0)) == NULL)
83 if (attr->map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
87 wa.u.override_redirect = attr->override_redirect;
90 /* Check if the window is already managed */
91 if (!wa.u.override_redirect && table_get(byChild, window))
94 /* Don’t manage clients with the override_redirect flag */
95 if (wa.u.override_redirect)
98 /* Get the initial geometry (position, size, …) */
99 geomc = xcb_get_geometry(c, d);
102 wa.u.cookie = xcb_get_window_attributes(c, window);
103 attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(c, wa.u.cookie, 0);
105 geom = xcb_get_geometry_reply(c, geomc, 0);
107 reparent_window(c, window, attr->visual, geom->root, geom->depth,
108 geom->x, geom->y, geom->width, geom->height);
109 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_NAME);
119 * reparent_window() gets called when a new window was opened and becomes a child of the root
120 * window, or it gets called by us when we manage the already existing windows at startup.
122 * Essentially, this is the point where we take over control.
125 void reparent_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_window_t child,
126 xcb_visualid_t visual, xcb_window_t root, uint8_t depth,
127 int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t width, uint16_t height) {
129 xcb_get_property_cookie_t wm_type_cookie, strut_cookie;
131 /* Place requests for properties ASAP */
132 wm_type_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT32_MAX);
133 strut_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL], UINT32_MAX);
135 Client *new = table_get(byChild, child);
137 /* TODO: When does this happen for existing clients? Is that a bug? */
138 printf("oh, it's new\n");
139 new = calloc(sizeof(Client), 1);
140 new->force_reconfigure = true;
145 /* Update the data structures */
146 Client *old_focused = CUR_CELL->currently_focused;
147 CUR_CELL->currently_focused = new;
148 new->container = CUR_CELL;
150 new->frame = xcb_generate_id(conn);
152 new->rect.width = width;
153 new->rect.height = height;
155 /* Don’t generate events for our new window, it should *not* be managed */
156 mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
159 /* We want to know when… */
160 mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
161 values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS | /* …mouse is pressed/released */
162 XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE |
163 XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE | /* …our window needs to be redrawn */
164 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW; /* …user moves cursor inside our window */
166 printf("Reparenting 0x%08x under 0x%08x.\n", child, new->frame);
168 i3Font *font = load_font(conn, config.font);
169 width = min(width, c_ws->rect.x + c_ws->rect.width);
170 height = min(height, c_ws->rect.y + c_ws->rect.height);
172 Rect framerect = {x, y,
173 width + 2 + 2, /* 2 px border at each side */
174 height + 2 + 2 + font->height}; /* 2 px border plus font’s height */
176 /* Yo dawg, I heard you like windows, so I create a window around your window… */
177 new->frame = create_window(conn, framerect, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, mask, values);
179 /* Put the client inside the save set. Upon termination (whether killed or normal exit
180 does not matter) of the window manager, these clients will be correctly reparented
181 to their most closest living ancestor (= cleanup) */
182 xcb_change_save_set(conn, XCB_SET_MODE_INSERT, child);
184 /* Generate a graphics context for the titlebar */
185 new->titlegc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
186 xcb_create_gc(conn, new->titlegc, new->frame, 0, 0);
188 /* Put our data structure (Client) into the table */
189 table_put(byParent, new->frame, new);
190 table_put(byChild, child, new);
192 /* Moves the original window into the new frame we've created for it */
193 new->awaiting_useless_unmap = true;
194 xcb_void_cookie_t cookie = xcb_reparent_window_checked(conn, child, new->frame, 0, font->height);
195 check_error(conn, cookie, "Could not reparent window");
197 /* We are interested in property changes */
198 mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
199 values[0] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
200 XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
201 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
202 cookie = xcb_change_window_attributes_checked(conn, child, mask, values);
203 check_error(conn, cookie, "Could not change window attributes");
205 /* We need to grab the mouse buttons for click to focus */
206 xcb_grab_button(conn, false, child, XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS,
207 XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, root, XCB_NONE,
208 1 /* left mouse button */,
209 XCB_BUTTON_MASK_ANY /* don’t filter for any modifiers */);
211 /* Focus the new window */
212 xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, new->child, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
214 /* Get _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE (to see if it’s a dock) */
216 xcb_get_property_reply_t *preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, wm_type_cookie, NULL);
217 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (atom = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
218 for (int i = 0; i < xcb_get_property_value_length(preply); i++)
219 if (atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK]) {
220 printf("Window is a dock.\n");
222 new->titlebar_position = TITLEBAR_OFF;
223 new->force_reconfigure = true;
224 new->container = NULL;
225 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(c_ws->dock_clients), new, dock_clients);
229 /* Get _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL to determine the client’s requested height */
231 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, strut_cookie, NULL);
232 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (strut = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
233 /* We only use a subset of the provided values, namely the reserved space at the top/bottom
234 of the screen. This is because the only possibility for bars is at to be at the top/bottom
235 with maximum horizontal size.
236 TODO: bars at the top */
237 new->desired_height = strut[3];
238 printf("the client wants to be %d pixels height\n", new->desired_height);
241 /* Insert into the currently active container, if it’s not a dock window */
243 /* Insert after the old active client, if existing. If it does not exist, the
244 container is empty and it does not matter, where we insert it */
245 if (old_focused != NULL)
246 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&(CUR_CELL->clients), old_focused, new, clients);
247 else CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&(CUR_CELL->clients), new, clients);
254 * Go through all existing windows (if the window manager is restarted) and manage them
257 void manage_existing_windows(xcb_connection_t *c, xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_window_t root) {
258 xcb_query_tree_reply_t *reply;
260 xcb_window_t *children;
261 xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t *cookies;
263 /* Get the tree of windows whose parent is the root window (= all) */
264 if ((reply = xcb_query_tree_reply(c, xcb_query_tree(c, root), 0)) == NULL)
267 len = xcb_query_tree_children_length(reply);
268 cookies = smalloc(len * sizeof(*cookies));
270 /* Request the window attributes for every window */
271 children = xcb_query_tree_children(reply);
272 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i)
273 cookies[i] = xcb_get_window_attributes(c, children[i]);
275 /* Call manage_window with the attributes for every window */
276 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
277 window_attributes_t wa = { TAG_COOKIE, { cookies[i] } };
278 manage_window(prophs, c, children[i], wa);
284 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) {
287 xcb_property_handlers_t prophs;
289 xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t atom_cookies[NUM_ATOMS];
291 /* Disable output buffering to make redirects in .xsession actually useful for debugging */
292 if (!isatty(fileno(stdout)))
293 setbuf(stdout, NULL);
295 application_path = sstrdup(argv[0]);
297 /* Initialize the table data structures for each workspace */
300 memset(&evenths, 0, sizeof(xcb_event_handlers_t));
301 memset(&prophs, 0, sizeof(xcb_property_handlers_t));
303 byChild = alloc_table();
304 byParent = alloc_table();
306 load_configuration("i3.config");
308 c = xcb_connect(NULL, &screens);
310 /* Place requests for the atoms we need as soon as possible */
311 #define REQUEST_ATOM(name) atom_cookies[name] = xcb_intern_atom(c, 0, strlen(#name), #name);
313 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
314 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
315 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
316 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
317 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
318 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
319 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
320 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
321 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
322 REQUEST_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
324 /* TODO: this has to be more beautiful somewhen */
325 int major, minor, error;
327 major = XkbMajorVersion;
328 minor = XkbMinorVersion;
332 if ((xkbdpy = XkbOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"), &evBase, &errBase, &major, &minor, &error)) == NULL) {
333 fprintf(stderr, "XkbOpenDisplay() failed\n");
338 if (!XkbQueryExtension(xkbdpy,&i1,&evBase,&errBase,&major,&minor)) {
339 fprintf(stderr, "XKB not supported by X-server\n");
342 /* end of ugliness */
344 xcb_event_handlers_init(c, &evenths);
346 /* DEBUG: Trap all events and print them */
347 for (i = 2; i < 128; ++i)
348 xcb_event_set_handler(&evenths, i, handle_event, 0);
350 for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
351 xcb_event_set_error_handler(&evenths, i, (xcb_generic_error_handler_t)handle_event, 0);
353 /* Expose = an Application should redraw itself, in this case it’s our titlebars. */
354 xcb_event_set_expose_handler(&evenths, handle_expose_event, 0);
356 /* Key presses/releases are pretty obvious, I think */
357 xcb_event_set_key_press_handler(&evenths, handle_key_press, 0);
358 xcb_event_set_key_release_handler(&evenths, handle_key_release, 0);
360 /* Enter window = user moved his mouse over the window */
361 xcb_event_set_enter_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_enter_notify, 0);
363 /* Button press = user pushed a mouse button over one of our windows */
364 xcb_event_set_button_press_handler(&evenths, handle_button_press, 0);
366 /* Map notify = there is a new window */
367 xcb_event_set_map_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_map_notify_event, &prophs);
369 /* Unmap notify = window disappeared. When sent from a client, we don’t manage
370 it any longer. Usually, the client destroys the window shortly afterwards. */
371 xcb_event_set_unmap_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_unmap_notify_event, 0);
373 /* Client message = client changed its properties (EWMH) */
374 /* TODO: can’t we do this via property handlers? */
375 xcb_event_set_client_message_handler(&evenths, handle_client_message, 0);
377 /* Initialize the property handlers */
378 xcb_property_handlers_init(&prophs, &evenths);
380 /* Watch the WM_NAME (= title of the window) property */
381 xcb_watch_wm_name(&prophs, 128, handle_windowname_change, 0);
383 /* Get the root window and set the event mask */
384 root = xcb_aux_get_screen(c, screens)->root;
386 uint32_t mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
387 uint32_t values[] = { XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
388 XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
389 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW };
390 xcb_change_window_attributes(c, root, mask, values);
392 /* Setup NetWM atoms */
393 #define GET_ATOM(name) { \
394 xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(c, atom_cookies[name], NULL); \
396 printf("Could not get atom " #name "\n"); \
399 atoms[name] = reply->atom; \
403 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
404 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
405 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
406 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
407 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
408 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
409 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
410 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
411 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
412 GET_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
414 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT_MAX, window_type_handler, NULL);
415 /* TODO: In order to comply with EWMH, we have to watch _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL */
417 /* Set up the atoms we support */
418 check_error(c, xcb_change_property_checked(c, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTED],
419 ATOM, 32, 7, atoms), "Could not set _NET_SUPPORTED");
421 /* Set up the window manager’s name */
422 xcb_change_property(c, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK], WINDOW, 32, 1, &root);
423 xcb_change_property(c, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], atoms[UTF8_STRING], 8, strlen("i3"), "i3");
425 /* Grab the bound keys */
427 TAILQ_FOREACH(bind, &bindings, bindings) {
428 printf("Grabbing %d\n", bind->keycode);
429 if (bind->mods & BIND_MODE_SWITCH)
430 xcb_grab_key(c, 0, root, 0, bind->keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC);
431 else xcb_grab_key(c, 0, root, bind->mods, bind->keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC);
434 /* check for Xinerama */
435 printf("Checking for Xinerama...\n");
436 initialize_xinerama(c);
438 /* DEBUG: Start a terminal */
439 start_application(config.terminal);
443 manage_existing_windows(c, &prophs, root);
445 /* Get pointer position to see on which screen we’re starting */
446 xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *reply;
447 if ((reply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(c, xcb_query_pointer(c, root), NULL)) == NULL) {
448 printf("Could not get pointer position\n");
452 i3Screen *screen = get_screen_containing(reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
453 if (screen == NULL) {
454 printf("ERROR: No such screen\n");
457 if (screen->current_workspace != 0) {
458 printf("Ok, I need to go to the other workspace\n");
459 c_ws = &workspaces[screen->current_workspace];
462 /* Enter xcb’s event handler */
463 xcb_event_wait_for_event_loop(&evenths);