4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
15 #include <sys/types.h>
21 #include <X11/XKBlib.h>
22 #include <X11/extensions/XKB.h>
25 #include <xcb/xcb_wm.h>
26 #include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
27 #include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
28 #include <xcb/xcb_property.h>
29 #include <xcb/xcb_keysyms.h>
30 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
31 #include <xcb/xinerama.h>
45 /* This is the path to i3, copied from argv[0] when starting up */
46 char *application_path;
48 /* This is our connection to X11 for use with XKB */
51 /* The list of key bindings */
52 struct bindings_head bindings = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bindings);
54 /* This is a list of Stack_Windows, global, for easier/faster access on expose events */
55 struct stack_wins_head stack_wins = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(stack_wins);
57 /* The event handlers need to be global because they are accessed by our custom event handler
58 in handle_button_press(), needed for graphical resizing */
59 xcb_event_handlers_t evenths;
60 xcb_atom_t atoms[NUM_ATOMS];
65 * Do some sanity checks and then reparent the window.
68 void manage_window(xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_window_t window, window_attributes_t wa) {
69 printf("managing window.\n");
70 xcb_drawable_t d = { window };
71 xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t geomc;
72 xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geom;
73 xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *attr = 0;
75 if (wa.tag == TAG_COOKIE) {
76 /* Check if the window is mapped (it could be not mapped when intializing and
77 calling manage_window() for every window) */
78 if ((attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, wa.u.cookie, 0)) == NULL)
81 if (attr->map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE)
85 wa.u.override_redirect = attr->override_redirect;
88 /* Don’t manage clients with the override_redirect flag */
89 if (wa.u.override_redirect)
92 /* Check if the window is already managed */
93 if (table_get(byChild, window))
96 /* Get the initial geometry (position, size, …) */
97 geomc = xcb_get_geometry(conn, d);
100 wa.u.cookie = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, window);
101 attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, wa.u.cookie, 0);
103 geom = xcb_get_geometry_reply(conn, geomc, 0);
105 reparent_window(conn, window, attr->visual, geom->root, geom->depth,
106 geom->x, geom->y, geom->width, geom->height);
107 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_NAME);
117 * reparent_window() gets called when a new window was opened and becomes a child of the root
118 * window, or it gets called by us when we manage the already existing windows at startup.
120 * Essentially, this is the point where we take over control.
123 void reparent_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_window_t child,
124 xcb_visualid_t visual, xcb_window_t root, uint8_t depth,
125 int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t width, uint16_t height) {
127 xcb_get_property_cookie_t wm_type_cookie, strut_cookie;
129 /* Place requests for properties ASAP */
130 wm_type_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT32_MAX);
131 strut_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL], UINT32_MAX);
133 Client *new = table_get(byChild, child);
135 /* Events for already managed windows should already be filtered in manage_window() */
138 printf("reparenting new client\n");
139 new = calloc(sizeof(Client), 1);
140 new->force_reconfigure = true;
144 /* Update the data structures */
145 Client *old_focused = CUR_CELL->currently_focused;
146 CUR_CELL->currently_focused = new;
147 new->container = CUR_CELL;
149 new->frame = xcb_generate_id(conn);
151 new->rect.width = width;
152 new->rect.height = height;
154 /* Don’t generate events for our new window, it should *not* be managed */
155 mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
158 /* We want to know when… */
159 mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
160 values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS | /* …mouse is pressed/released */
161 XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE |
162 XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE | /* …our window needs to be redrawn */
163 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW; /* …user moves cursor inside our window */
165 printf("Reparenting 0x%08x under 0x%08x.\n", child, new->frame);
167 i3Font *font = load_font(conn, config.font);
168 width = min(width, c_ws->rect.x + c_ws->rect.width);
169 height = min(height, c_ws->rect.y + c_ws->rect.height);
171 Rect framerect = {x, y,
172 width + 2 + 2, /* 2 px border at each side */
173 height + 2 + 2 + font->height}; /* 2 px border plus font’s height */
175 /* Yo dawg, I heard you like windows, so I create a window around your window… */
176 new->frame = create_window(conn, framerect, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, XCB_CURSOR_LEFT_PTR, mask, values);
178 /* Put the client inside the save set. Upon termination (whether killed or normal exit
179 does not matter) of the window manager, these clients will be correctly reparented
180 to their most closest living ancestor (= cleanup) */
181 xcb_change_save_set(conn, XCB_SET_MODE_INSERT, child);
183 /* Generate a graphics context for the titlebar */
184 new->titlegc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
185 xcb_create_gc(conn, new->titlegc, new->frame, 0, 0);
187 /* Put our data structure (Client) into the table */
188 table_put(byParent, new->frame, new);
189 table_put(byChild, child, new);
191 /* Moves the original window into the new frame we've created for it */
192 new->awaiting_useless_unmap = true;
193 xcb_void_cookie_t cookie = xcb_reparent_window_checked(conn, child, new->frame, 0, font->height);
194 check_error(conn, cookie, "Could not reparent window");
196 /* We are interested in property changes */
197 mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
198 values[0] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
199 XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
200 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
201 cookie = xcb_change_window_attributes_checked(conn, child, mask, values);
202 check_error(conn, cookie, "Could not change window attributes");
204 /* We need to grab the mouse buttons for click to focus */
205 xcb_grab_button(conn, false, child, XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS,
206 XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, root, XCB_NONE,
207 1 /* left mouse button */,
208 XCB_BUTTON_MASK_ANY /* don’t filter for any modifiers */);
210 /* Focus the new window */
211 xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, new->child, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
213 /* Get _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE (to see if it’s a dock) */
215 xcb_get_property_reply_t *preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, wm_type_cookie, NULL);
216 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (atom = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
217 for (int i = 0; i < xcb_get_property_value_length(preply); i++)
218 if (atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK]) {
219 printf("Window is a dock.\n");
221 new->titlebar_position = TITLEBAR_OFF;
222 new->force_reconfigure = true;
223 new->container = NULL;
224 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(c_ws->dock_clients), new, dock_clients);
228 /* Get _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL to determine the client’s requested height */
230 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, strut_cookie, NULL);
231 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (strut = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
232 /* We only use a subset of the provided values, namely the reserved space at the top/bottom
233 of the screen. This is because the only possibility for bars is at to be at the top/bottom
234 with maximum horizontal size.
235 TODO: bars at the top */
236 new->desired_height = strut[3];
237 printf("the client wants to be %d pixels height\n", new->desired_height);
240 /* Insert into the currently active container, if it’s not a dock window */
242 /* Insert after the old active client, if existing. If it does not exist, the
243 container is empty and it does not matter, where we insert it */
244 if (old_focused != NULL)
245 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&(CUR_CELL->clients), old_focused, new, clients);
246 else CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&(CUR_CELL->clients), new, clients);
253 * Go through all existing windows (if the window manager is restarted) and manage them
256 void manage_existing_windows(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_window_t root) {
257 xcb_query_tree_reply_t *reply;
259 xcb_window_t *children;
260 xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t *cookies;
262 /* Get the tree of windows whose parent is the root window (= all) */
263 if ((reply = xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, xcb_query_tree(conn, root), 0)) == NULL)
266 len = xcb_query_tree_children_length(reply);
267 cookies = smalloc(len * sizeof(*cookies));
269 /* Request the window attributes for every window */
270 children = xcb_query_tree_children(reply);
271 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i)
272 cookies[i] = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, children[i]);
274 /* Call manage_window with the attributes for every window */
275 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
276 window_attributes_t wa = { TAG_COOKIE, { cookies[i] } };
277 manage_window(prophs, conn, children[i], wa);
283 int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[]) {
285 char *override_configpath = NULL;
286 xcb_connection_t *conn;
287 xcb_property_handlers_t prophs;
289 xcb_intern_atom_cookie_t atom_cookies[NUM_ATOMS];
291 /* Disable output buffering to make redirects in .xsession actually useful for debugging */
292 if (!isatty(fileno(stdout)))
293 setbuf(stdout, NULL);
295 application_path = sstrdup(argv[0]);
297 while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "c:")) != -1) {
300 override_configpath = sstrdup(optarg);
303 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-c configfile]\n", argv[0]);
308 /* Initialize the table data structures for each workspace */
311 memset(&evenths, 0, sizeof(xcb_event_handlers_t));
312 memset(&prophs, 0, sizeof(xcb_property_handlers_t));
314 byChild = alloc_table();
315 byParent = alloc_table();
317 load_configuration(override_configpath);
319 conn = xcb_connect(NULL, &screens);
321 /* Place requests for the atoms we need as soon as possible */
322 #define REQUEST_ATOM(name) atom_cookies[name] = xcb_intern_atom(conn, 0, strlen(#name), #name);
324 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
325 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
326 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
327 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
328 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
329 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
330 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
331 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
332 REQUEST_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
333 REQUEST_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
335 /* TODO: this has to be more beautiful somewhen */
336 int major, minor, error;
338 major = XkbMajorVersion;
339 minor = XkbMinorVersion;
343 if ((xkbdpy = XkbOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"), &evBase, &errBase, &major, &minor, &error)) == NULL) {
344 fprintf(stderr, "XkbOpenDisplay() failed\n");
349 if (!XkbQueryExtension(xkbdpy,&i1,&evBase,&errBase,&major,&minor)) {
350 fprintf(stderr, "XKB not supported by X-server\n");
353 /* end of ugliness */
355 xcb_event_handlers_init(conn, &evenths);
357 /* DEBUG: Trap all events and print them */
358 for (i = 2; i < 128; ++i)
359 xcb_event_set_handler(&evenths, i, handle_event, 0);
361 for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
362 xcb_event_set_error_handler(&evenths, i, (xcb_generic_error_handler_t)handle_event, 0);
364 /* Expose = an Application should redraw itself, in this case it’s our titlebars. */
365 xcb_event_set_expose_handler(&evenths, handle_expose_event, 0);
367 /* Key presses/releases are pretty obvious, I think */
368 xcb_event_set_key_press_handler(&evenths, handle_key_press, 0);
369 xcb_event_set_key_release_handler(&evenths, handle_key_release, 0);
371 /* Enter window = user moved his mouse over the window */
372 xcb_event_set_enter_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_enter_notify, 0);
374 /* Button press = user pushed a mouse button over one of our windows */
375 xcb_event_set_button_press_handler(&evenths, handle_button_press, 0);
377 /* Map notify = there is a new window */
378 xcb_event_set_map_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_map_notify_event, &prophs);
380 /* Unmap notify = window disappeared. When sent from a client, we don’t manage
381 it any longer. Usually, the client destroys the window shortly afterwards. */
382 xcb_event_set_unmap_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_unmap_notify_event, 0);
384 /* Configure notify = window’s configuration (geometry, stacking, …). We only need
385 it to set up ignore the following enter_notify events */
386 xcb_event_set_configure_notify_handler(&evenths, handle_configure_event, 0);
388 /* Client message = client changed its properties (EWMH) */
389 /* TODO: can’t we do this via property handlers? */
390 xcb_event_set_client_message_handler(&evenths, handle_client_message, 0);
392 /* Initialize the property handlers */
393 xcb_property_handlers_init(&prophs, &evenths);
395 /* Watch the WM_NAME (= title of the window) property */
396 xcb_watch_wm_name(&prophs, 128, handle_windowname_change, 0);
398 /* Get the root window and set the event mask */
399 root = xcb_aux_get_screen(conn, screens)->root;
401 uint32_t mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
402 uint32_t values[] = { XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
403 XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY | /* when the user adds a screen (e.g. video
404 projector), the root window gets a
406 XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE |
407 XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW };
408 xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, root, mask, values);
410 /* Setup NetWM atoms */
411 #define GET_ATOM(name) { \
412 xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(conn, atom_cookies[name], NULL); \
414 printf("Could not get atom " #name "\n"); \
417 atoms[name] = reply->atom; \
421 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTED);
422 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN);
423 GET_ATOM(_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK);
424 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_NAME);
425 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STATE);
426 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE);
427 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_DESKTOP);
428 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK);
429 GET_ATOM(_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL);
430 GET_ATOM(UTF8_STRING);
432 xcb_property_set_handler(&prophs, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT_MAX, window_type_handler, NULL);
433 /* TODO: In order to comply with EWMH, we have to watch _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL */
435 /* Set up the atoms we support */
436 check_error(conn, xcb_change_property_checked(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTED],
437 ATOM, 32, 7, atoms), "Could not set _NET_SUPPORTED");
439 /* Set up the window manager’s name */
440 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK], WINDOW, 32, 1, &root);
441 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], atoms[UTF8_STRING], 8, strlen("i3"), "i3");
443 /* Grab the bound keys */
445 TAILQ_FOREACH(bind, &bindings, bindings) {
446 printf("Grabbing %d\n", bind->keycode);
447 if (bind->mods & BIND_MODE_SWITCH)
448 xcb_grab_key(conn, 0, root, 0, bind->keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC);
449 else xcb_grab_key(conn, 0, root, bind->mods, bind->keycode, XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC);
452 /* check for Xinerama */
453 printf("Checking for Xinerama...\n");
454 initialize_xinerama(conn);
456 /* DEBUG: Start a terminal */
457 start_application(config.terminal);
461 manage_existing_windows(conn, &prophs, root);
463 /* Get pointer position to see on which screen we’re starting */
464 xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *reply;
465 if ((reply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, xcb_query_pointer(conn, root), NULL)) == NULL) {
466 printf("Could not get pointer position\n");
470 i3Screen *screen = get_screen_containing(reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
471 if (screen == NULL) {
472 printf("ERROR: No screen at %d x %d\n", reply->root_x, reply->root_y);
475 if (screen->current_workspace != 0) {
476 printf("Ok, I need to go to the other workspace\n");
477 c_ws = &workspaces[screen->current_workspace];
480 /* Enter xcb’s event handler */
481 xcb_event_wait_for_event_loop(&evenths);