2 * vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009-2010 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
10 * util.c: Utility functions, which can be useful everywhere.
16 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
17 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
24 static iconv_t conversion_descriptor = 0;
26 int min(int a, int b) {
27 return (a < b ? a : b);
30 int max(int a, int b) {
31 return (a > b ? a : b);
34 bool rect_contains(Rect rect, uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
35 return (x >= rect.x &&
36 x <= (rect.x + rect.width) &&
38 y <= (rect.y + rect.height));
41 Rect rect_add(Rect a, Rect b) {
42 return (Rect){a.x + b.x,
49 * Updates *destination with new_value and returns true if it was changed or false
53 bool update_if_necessary(uint32_t *destination, const uint32_t new_value) {
54 uint32_t old_value = *destination;
56 return ((*destination = new_value) != old_value);
60 * The s* functions (safe) are wrappers around malloc, strdup, …, which exits if one of
61 * the called functions returns NULL, meaning that there is no more memory available
64 void *smalloc(size_t size) {
65 void *result = malloc(size);
66 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (malloc(%zd))\n", size);
70 void *scalloc(size_t size) {
71 void *result = calloc(size, 1);
72 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (calloc(%zd))\n", size);
76 void *srealloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
77 void *result = realloc(ptr, size);
78 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out memory (realloc(%zd))\n", size);
82 char *sstrdup(const char *str) {
83 char *result = strdup(str);
84 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (strdup())\n");
89 * Starts the given application by passing it through a shell. We use double fork
90 * to avoid zombie processes. As the started application’s parent exits (immediately),
91 * the application is reparented to init (process-id 1), which correctly handles
92 * childs, so we don’t have to do it :-).
94 * The shell is determined by looking for the SHELL environment variable. If it
95 * does not exist, /bin/sh is used.
98 void start_application(const char *command) {
99 LOG("executing: %s\n", command);
104 /* Stores the path of the shell */
105 static const char *shell = NULL;
108 if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL)
111 /* This is the child */
112 execl(shell, shell, "-c", command, (void*)NULL);
121 * Checks a generic cookie for errors and quits with the given message if there
125 void check_error(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_void_cookie_t cookie, char *err_message) {
126 xcb_generic_error_t *error = xcb_request_check(conn, cookie);
128 fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s (X error %d)\n", err_message , error->error_code);
129 xcb_disconnect(conn);
135 * Converts the given string to UCS-2 big endian for use with
136 * xcb_image_text_16(). The amount of real glyphs is stored in real_strlen,
137 * a buffer containing the UCS-2 encoded string (16 bit per glyph) is
138 * returned. It has to be freed when done.
141 char *convert_utf8_to_ucs2(char *input, int *real_strlen) {
142 size_t input_size = strlen(input) + 1;
143 /* UCS-2 consumes exactly two bytes for each glyph */
144 int buffer_size = input_size * 2;
146 char *buffer = smalloc(buffer_size);
147 size_t output_size = buffer_size;
148 /* We need to use an additional pointer, because iconv() modifies it */
149 char *output = buffer;
151 /* We convert the input into UCS-2 big endian */
152 if (conversion_descriptor == 0) {
153 conversion_descriptor = iconv_open("UCS-2BE", "UTF-8");
154 if (conversion_descriptor == 0) {
155 fprintf(stderr, "error opening the conversion context\n");
160 /* Get the conversion descriptor back to original state */
161 iconv(conversion_descriptor, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
163 /* Convert our text */
164 int rc = iconv(conversion_descriptor, (void*)&input, &input_size, &output, &output_size);
165 if (rc == (size_t)-1) {
166 perror("Converting to UCS-2 failed");
167 if (real_strlen != NULL)
172 if (real_strlen != NULL)
173 *real_strlen = ((buffer_size - output_size) / 2) - 1;
179 * This function resolves ~ in pathnames.
180 * It may resolve wildcards in the first part of the path, but if no match
181 * or multiple matches are found, it just returns a copy of path as given.
184 char *resolve_tilde(const char *path) {
185 static glob_t globbuf;
186 char *head, *tail, *result;
188 tail = strchr(path, '/');
189 head = strndup(path, tail ? tail - path : strlen(path));
191 int res = glob(head, GLOB_TILDE, NULL, &globbuf);
193 /* no match, or many wildcard matches are bad */
194 if (res == GLOB_NOMATCH || globbuf.gl_pathc != 1)
195 result = sstrdup(path);
197 die("glob() failed");
199 head = globbuf.gl_pathv[0];
200 result = scalloc(strlen(head) + (tail ? strlen(tail) : 0) + 1);
201 strncpy(result, head, strlen(head));
203 strncat(result, tail, strlen(tail));
211 * Checks if the given path exists by calling stat().
214 bool path_exists(const char *path) {
216 return (stat(path, &buf) == 0);
220 * Goes through the list of arguments (for exec()) and checks if the given argument
221 * is present. If not, it copies the arguments (because we cannot realloc it) and
222 * appends the given argument.
225 static char **append_argument(char **original, char *argument) {
227 for (num_args = 0; original[num_args] != NULL; num_args++) {
228 DLOG("original argument: \"%s\"\n", original[num_args]);
229 /* If the argument is already present we return the original pointer */
230 if (strcmp(original[num_args], argument) == 0)
233 /* Copy the original array */
234 char **result = smalloc((num_args+2) * sizeof(char*));
235 memcpy(result, original, num_args * sizeof(char*));
236 result[num_args] = argument;
237 result[num_args+1] = NULL;
243 * Returns the name of a temporary file with the specified prefix.
246 char *get_process_filename(const char *prefix)
248 struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(getuid());
249 const char *username = pw ? pw->pw_name : "unknown";
251 int res = asprintf(&filename, "/tmp/%s-%s.%d", prefix, username, getpid());
253 perror("asprintf()");
261 #define y(x, ...) yajl_gen_ ## x (gen, ##__VA_ARGS__)
262 #define ystr(str) yajl_gen_string(gen, (unsigned char*)str, strlen(str))
264 char *store_restart_layout() {
265 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
266 yajl_gen gen = yajl_gen_alloc(NULL, NULL);
268 dump_node(gen, croot, true);
270 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
272 const unsigned char *payload;
274 y(get_buf, &payload, &length);
276 /* create a temporary file if one hasn't been specified, or just
277 * resolve the tildes in the specified path */
279 if (config.restart_state_path == NULL) {
280 filename = get_process_filename("i3-restart-state");
284 filename = resolve_tilde(config.restart_state_path);
287 int fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
295 while (written < length) {
296 int n = write(fd, payload + written, length - written);
297 /* TODO: correct error-handling */
304 printf("write == 0?\n");
309 printf("written: %d of %d\n", written, length);
313 printf("layout: %.*s\n", length, payload);
321 * Restart i3 in-place
322 * appends -a to argument list to disable autostart
325 void i3_restart(bool forget_layout) {
326 char *restart_filename = forget_layout ? NULL : store_restart_layout();
332 LOG("restarting \"%s\"...\n", start_argv[0]);
333 /* make sure -a is in the argument list or append it */
334 start_argv = append_argument(start_argv, "-a");
336 /* replace -r <file> so that the layout is restored */
337 if (restart_filename != NULL) {
338 /* create the new argv */
340 for (num_args = 0; start_argv[num_args] != NULL; num_args++);
341 char **new_argv = scalloc((num_args + 3) * sizeof(char*));
343 /* copy the arguments, but skip the ones we'll replace */
345 bool skip_next = false;
346 for (int i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
349 else if (!strcmp(start_argv[i], "-r"))
352 new_argv[write_index++] = start_argv[i];
355 /* add the arguments we'll replace */
356 new_argv[write_index++] = "--restart";
357 new_argv[write_index] = restart_filename;
360 start_argv = new_argv;
363 execvp(start_argv[0], start_argv);
369 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
373 * Find the first occurrence of the byte string s in byte string l.
376 void *memmem(const void *l, size_t l_len, const void *s, size_t s_len) {
377 register char *cur, *last;
378 const char *cl = (const char *)l;
379 const char *cs = (const char *)s;
381 /* we need something to compare */
382 if (l_len == 0 || s_len == 0)
385 /* "s" must be smaller or equal to "l" */
389 /* special case where s_len == 1 */
391 return memchr(l, (int)*cs, l_len);
393 /* the last position where its possible to find "s" in "l" */
394 last = (char *)cl + l_len - s_len;
396 for (cur = (char *)cl; cur <= last; cur++)
397 if (cur[0] == cs[0] && memcmp(cur, cs, s_len) == 0)