2 * vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009-2011 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
10 * util.c: Utility functions, which can be useful everywhere.
16 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
17 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
21 #include <yajl/yajl_version.h>
25 static iconv_t conversion_descriptor = 0;
27 int min(int a, int b) {
28 return (a < b ? a : b);
31 int max(int a, int b) {
32 return (a > b ? a : b);
35 bool rect_contains(Rect rect, uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
36 return (x >= rect.x &&
37 x <= (rect.x + rect.width) &&
39 y <= (rect.y + rect.height));
42 Rect rect_add(Rect a, Rect b) {
43 return (Rect){a.x + b.x,
50 * Updates *destination with new_value and returns true if it was changed or false
54 bool update_if_necessary(uint32_t *destination, const uint32_t new_value) {
55 uint32_t old_value = *destination;
57 return ((*destination = new_value) != old_value);
61 * The s* functions (safe) are wrappers around malloc, strdup, …, which exits if one of
62 * the called functions returns NULL, meaning that there is no more memory available
65 void *smalloc(size_t size) {
66 void *result = malloc(size);
67 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (malloc(%zd))\n", size);
71 void *scalloc(size_t size) {
72 void *result = calloc(size, 1);
73 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (calloc(%zd))\n", size);
77 void *srealloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
78 void *result = realloc(ptr, size);
79 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out memory (realloc(%zd))\n", size);
83 char *sstrdup(const char *str) {
84 char *result = strdup(str);
85 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (strdup())\n");
90 * Starts the given application by passing it through a shell. We use double fork
91 * to avoid zombie processes. As the started application’s parent exits (immediately),
92 * the application is reparented to init (process-id 1), which correctly handles
93 * childs, so we don’t have to do it :-).
95 * The shell is determined by looking for the SHELL environment variable. If it
96 * does not exist, /bin/sh is used.
99 void start_application(const char *command) {
100 LOG("executing: %s\n", command);
105 /* Stores the path of the shell */
106 static const char *shell = NULL;
109 if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL)
112 /* This is the child */
113 execl(shell, shell, "-c", command, (void*)NULL);
122 * Checks a generic cookie for errors and quits with the given message if there
126 void check_error(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_void_cookie_t cookie, char *err_message) {
127 xcb_generic_error_t *error = xcb_request_check(conn, cookie);
129 fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s (X error %d)\n", err_message , error->error_code);
130 xcb_disconnect(conn);
136 * Converts the given string to UCS-2 big endian for use with
137 * xcb_image_text_16(). The amount of real glyphs is stored in real_strlen,
138 * a buffer containing the UCS-2 encoded string (16 bit per glyph) is
139 * returned. It has to be freed when done.
142 char *convert_utf8_to_ucs2(char *input, int *real_strlen) {
143 size_t input_size = strlen(input) + 1;
144 /* UCS-2 consumes exactly two bytes for each glyph */
145 int buffer_size = input_size * 2;
147 char *buffer = smalloc(buffer_size);
148 size_t output_size = buffer_size;
149 /* We need to use an additional pointer, because iconv() modifies it */
150 char *output = buffer;
152 /* We convert the input into UCS-2 big endian */
153 if (conversion_descriptor == 0) {
154 conversion_descriptor = iconv_open("UCS-2BE", "UTF-8");
155 if (conversion_descriptor == 0) {
156 fprintf(stderr, "error opening the conversion context\n");
161 /* Get the conversion descriptor back to original state */
162 iconv(conversion_descriptor, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
164 /* Convert our text */
165 int rc = iconv(conversion_descriptor, (void*)&input, &input_size, &output, &output_size);
166 if (rc == (size_t)-1) {
167 perror("Converting to UCS-2 failed");
168 if (real_strlen != NULL)
173 if (real_strlen != NULL)
174 *real_strlen = ((buffer_size - output_size) / 2) - 1;
180 * This function resolves ~ in pathnames.
181 * It may resolve wildcards in the first part of the path, but if no match
182 * or multiple matches are found, it just returns a copy of path as given.
185 char *resolve_tilde(const char *path) {
186 static glob_t globbuf;
187 char *head, *tail, *result;
189 tail = strchr(path, '/');
190 head = strndup(path, tail ? tail - path : strlen(path));
192 int res = glob(head, GLOB_TILDE, NULL, &globbuf);
194 /* no match, or many wildcard matches are bad */
195 if (res == GLOB_NOMATCH || globbuf.gl_pathc != 1)
196 result = sstrdup(path);
198 die("glob() failed");
200 head = globbuf.gl_pathv[0];
201 result = scalloc(strlen(head) + (tail ? strlen(tail) : 0) + 1);
202 strncpy(result, head, strlen(head));
204 strncat(result, tail, strlen(tail));
212 * Checks if the given path exists by calling stat().
215 bool path_exists(const char *path) {
217 return (stat(path, &buf) == 0);
221 * Goes through the list of arguments (for exec()) and checks if the given argument
222 * is present. If not, it copies the arguments (because we cannot realloc it) and
223 * appends the given argument.
226 static char **append_argument(char **original, char *argument) {
228 for (num_args = 0; original[num_args] != NULL; num_args++) {
229 DLOG("original argument: \"%s\"\n", original[num_args]);
230 /* If the argument is already present we return the original pointer */
231 if (strcmp(original[num_args], argument) == 0)
234 /* Copy the original array */
235 char **result = smalloc((num_args+2) * sizeof(char*));
236 memcpy(result, original, num_args * sizeof(char*));
237 result[num_args] = argument;
238 result[num_args+1] = NULL;
244 * Returns the name of a temporary file with the specified prefix.
247 char *get_process_filename(const char *prefix) {
248 char *dir = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
250 struct passwd *pw = getpwuid(getuid());
251 const char *username = pw ? pw->pw_name : "unknown";
252 if (asprintf(&dir, "/tmp/i3-%s", username) == -1) {
253 perror("asprintf()");
258 if (asprintf(&tmp, "%s/i3", dir) == -1) {
259 perror("asprintf()");
264 if (!path_exists(dir)) {
265 if (mkdir(dir, 0700) == -1) {
271 if (asprintf(&filename, "%s/%s.%d", dir, prefix, getpid()) == -1) {
272 perror("asprintf()");
280 #define y(x, ...) yajl_gen_ ## x (gen, ##__VA_ARGS__)
281 #define ystr(str) yajl_gen_string(gen, (unsigned char*)str, strlen(str))
283 char *store_restart_layout() {
284 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
286 yajl_gen gen = yajl_gen_alloc(NULL);
288 yajl_gen gen = yajl_gen_alloc(NULL, NULL);
291 dump_node(gen, croot, true);
293 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
295 const unsigned char *payload;
301 y(get_buf, &payload, &length);
303 /* create a temporary file if one hasn't been specified, or just
304 * resolve the tildes in the specified path */
306 if (config.restart_state_path == NULL) {
307 filename = get_process_filename("restart-state");
311 filename = resolve_tilde(config.restart_state_path);
314 int fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
322 while (written < length) {
323 int n = write(fd, payload + written, length - written);
324 /* TODO: correct error-handling */
331 printf("write == 0?\n");
337 printf("written: %d of %zd\n", written, length);
339 printf("written: %d of %d\n", written, length);
345 printf("layout: %.*s\n", (int)length, payload);
354 * Restart i3 in-place
355 * appends -a to argument list to disable autostart
358 void i3_restart(bool forget_layout) {
359 char *restart_filename = forget_layout ? NULL : store_restart_layout();
365 LOG("restarting \"%s\"...\n", start_argv[0]);
366 /* make sure -a is in the argument list or append it */
367 start_argv = append_argument(start_argv, "-a");
369 /* replace -r <file> so that the layout is restored */
370 if (restart_filename != NULL) {
371 /* create the new argv */
373 for (num_args = 0; start_argv[num_args] != NULL; num_args++);
374 char **new_argv = scalloc((num_args + 3) * sizeof(char*));
376 /* copy the arguments, but skip the ones we'll replace */
378 bool skip_next = false;
379 for (int i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
382 else if (!strcmp(start_argv[i], "-r") ||
383 !strcmp(start_argv[i], "--restart"))
386 new_argv[write_index++] = start_argv[i];
389 /* add the arguments we'll replace */
390 new_argv[write_index++] = "--restart";
391 new_argv[write_index] = restart_filename;
394 start_argv = new_argv;
397 execvp(start_argv[0], start_argv);
403 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
407 * Find the first occurrence of the byte string s in byte string l.
410 void *memmem(const void *l, size_t l_len, const void *s, size_t s_len) {
411 register char *cur, *last;
412 const char *cl = (const char *)l;
413 const char *cs = (const char *)s;
415 /* we need something to compare */
416 if (l_len == 0 || s_len == 0)
419 /* "s" must be smaller or equal to "l" */
423 /* special case where s_len == 1 */
425 return memchr(l, (int)*cs, l_len);
427 /* the last position where its possible to find "s" in "l" */
428 last = (char *)cl + l_len - s_len;
430 for (cur = (char *)cl; cur <= last; cur++)
431 if (cur[0] == cs[0] && memcmp(cur, cs, s_len) == 0)