4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
10 * util.c: Utility functions, which can be useful everywhere.
21 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
22 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
25 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
36 static iconv_t conversion_descriptor = 0;
37 struct keyvalue_table_head by_parent = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(by_parent);
38 struct keyvalue_table_head by_child = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(by_child);
40 int min(int a, int b) {
41 return (a < b ? a : b);
44 int max(int a, int b) {
45 return (a > b ? a : b);
49 * The s* functions (safe) are wrappers around malloc, strdup, …, which exits if one of
50 * the called functions returns NULL, meaning that there is no more memory available
53 void *smalloc(size_t size) {
54 void *result = malloc(size);
55 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (malloc(%zd))\n", size);
59 void *scalloc(size_t size) {
60 void *result = calloc(size, 1);
61 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (calloc(%zd))\n", size);
65 char *sstrdup(const char *str) {
66 char *result = strdup(str);
67 exit_if_null(result, "Error: out of memory (strdup())\n");
72 * The table_* functions emulate the behaviour of libxcb-wm, which in libxcb 0.3.4 suddenly
76 bool table_put(struct keyvalue_table_head *head, uint32_t key, void *value) {
77 struct keyvalue_element *element = scalloc(sizeof(struct keyvalue_element));
79 element->value = value;
81 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, element, elements);
85 void *table_remove(struct keyvalue_table_head *head, uint32_t key) {
86 struct keyvalue_element *element;
88 TAILQ_FOREACH(element, head, elements)
89 if (element->key == key) {
90 void *value = element->value;
91 TAILQ_REMOVE(head, element, elements);
99 void *table_get(struct keyvalue_table_head *head, uint32_t key) {
100 struct keyvalue_element *element;
102 TAILQ_FOREACH(element, head, elements)
103 if (element->key == key)
104 return element->value;
110 * Starts the given application by passing it through a shell. We use double fork
111 * to avoid zombie processes. As the started application’s parent exits (immediately),
112 * the application is reparented to init (process-id 1), which correctly handles
113 * childs, so we don’t have to do it :-).
115 * The shell is determined by looking for the SHELL environment variable. If it
116 * does not exist, /bin/sh is used.
119 void start_application(const char *command) {
123 /* Stores the path of the shell */
124 static const char *shell = NULL;
127 if ((shell = getenv("SHELL")) == NULL)
130 /* This is the child */
131 execl(shell, shell, "-c", command, (void*)NULL);
140 * Checks a generic cookie for errors and quits with the given message if there
144 void check_error(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_void_cookie_t cookie, char *err_message) {
145 xcb_generic_error_t *error = xcb_request_check(conn, cookie);
147 fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s : %d\n", err_message , error->error_code);
148 xcb_disconnect(conn);
154 * Converts the given string to UCS-2 big endian for use with
155 * xcb_image_text_16(). The amount of real glyphs is stored in real_strlen,
156 * a buffer containing the UCS-2 encoded string (16 bit per glyph) is
157 * returned. It has to be freed when done.
160 char *convert_utf8_to_ucs2(char *input, int *real_strlen) {
161 size_t input_size = strlen(input) + 1;
162 /* UCS-2 consumes exactly two bytes for each glyph */
163 int buffer_size = input_size * 2;
165 char *buffer = smalloc(buffer_size);
166 size_t output_size = buffer_size;
167 /* We need to use an additional pointer, because iconv() modifies it */
168 char *output = buffer;
170 /* We convert the input into UCS-2 big endian */
171 if (conversion_descriptor == 0) {
172 conversion_descriptor = iconv_open("UCS-2BE", "UTF-8");
173 if (conversion_descriptor == 0) {
174 fprintf(stderr, "error opening the conversion context\n");
179 /* Get the conversion descriptor back to original state */
180 iconv(conversion_descriptor, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
182 /* Convert our text */
183 int rc = iconv(conversion_descriptor, (void*)&input, &input_size, &output, &output_size);
184 if (rc == (size_t)-1) {
185 perror("Converting to UCS-2 failed");
186 if (real_strlen != NULL)
191 if (real_strlen != NULL)
192 *real_strlen = ((buffer_size - output_size) / 2) - 1;
198 * Returns the client which comes next in focus stack (= was selected before) for
199 * the given container, optionally excluding the given client.
202 Client *get_last_focused_client(xcb_connection_t *conn, Container *container, Client *exclude) {
204 SLIST_FOREACH(current, &(container->workspace->focus_stack), focus_clients)
205 if ((current->container == container) && ((exclude == NULL) || (current != exclude)))
212 * Sets the given client as focused by updating the data structures correctly,
213 * updating the X input focus and finally re-decorating both windows (to signalize
214 * the user the new focus situation)
217 void set_focus(xcb_connection_t *conn, Client *client, bool set_anyways) {
218 /* The dock window cannot be focused, but enter notifies are still handled correctly */
222 /* Store the old client */
223 Client *old_client = SLIST_FIRST(&(c_ws->focus_stack));
225 /* Check if the focus needs to be changed at all */
226 if (!set_anyways && (old_client == client))
229 /* Store current_row/current_col */
230 c_ws->current_row = current_row;
231 c_ws->current_col = current_col;
232 c_ws = client->workspace;
233 /* Load current_col/current_row if we switch to a client without a container */
234 current_col = c_ws->current_col;
235 current_row = c_ws->current_row;
237 /* Update container */
238 if (client->container != NULL) {
239 client->container->currently_focused = client;
241 current_col = client->container->col;
242 current_row = client->container->row;
246 /* Set focus to the entered window, and flush xcb buffer immediately */
247 xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, client->child, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
248 //xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE, client->child, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 10);
250 if (client->container != NULL) {
251 /* Get the client which was last focused in this particular container, it may be a different
252 one than old_client */
253 Client *last_focused = get_last_focused_client(conn, client->container, NULL);
255 /* In stacking containers, raise the client in respect to the one which was focused before */
256 if ((client->container->mode == MODE_STACK || client->container->mode == MODE_TABBED) &&
257 client->container->workspace->fullscreen_client == NULL) {
258 /* We need to get the client again, this time excluding the current client, because
259 * we might have just gone into stacking mode and need to raise */
260 Client *last_focused = get_last_focused_client(conn, client->container, client);
262 if (last_focused != NULL) {
263 DLOG("raising above frame %p / child %p\n", last_focused->frame, last_focused->child);
264 uint32_t values[] = { last_focused->frame, XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE };
265 xcb_configure_window(conn, client->frame, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values);
269 /* If it is the same one as old_client, we save us the unnecessary redecorate */
270 if ((last_focused != NULL) && (last_focused != old_client))
271 redecorate_window(conn, last_focused);
274 /* If the last client was a floating client, we need to go to the next
275 * tiling client in stack and re-decorate it. */
276 if (old_client != NULL && client_is_floating(old_client)) {
277 DLOG("Coming from floating client, searching next tiling...\n");
279 SLIST_FOREACH(current, &(client->workspace->focus_stack), focus_clients) {
280 if (client_is_floating(current))
283 DLOG("Found window: %p / child %p\n", current->frame, current->child);
284 redecorate_window(conn, current);
290 SLIST_REMOVE(&(client->workspace->focus_stack), client, Client, focus_clients);
291 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(client->workspace->focus_stack), client, focus_clients);
293 /* If we’re in stacking mode, this renders the container to update changes in the title
294 bars and to raise the focused client */
295 if ((old_client != NULL) && (old_client != client) && !old_client->dock)
296 redecorate_window(conn, old_client);
298 /* redecorate_window flushes, so we don’t need to */
299 redecorate_window(conn, client);
303 * Called when the user switches to another mode or when the container is
304 * destroyed and thus needs to be cleaned up.
307 void leave_stack_mode(xcb_connection_t *conn, Container *container) {
308 /* When going out of stacking mode, we need to close the window */
309 struct Stack_Window *stack_win = &(container->stack_win);
311 SLIST_REMOVE(&stack_wins, stack_win, Stack_Window, stack_windows);
313 xcb_free_gc(conn, stack_win->pixmap.gc);
314 xcb_free_pixmap(conn, stack_win->pixmap.id);
315 xcb_destroy_window(conn, stack_win->window);
317 stack_win->rect.width = -1;
318 stack_win->rect.height = -1;
322 * Switches the layout of the given container taking care of the necessary house-keeping
325 void switch_layout_mode(xcb_connection_t *conn, Container *container, int mode) {
326 if (mode == MODE_STACK || mode == MODE_TABBED) {
327 /* When we’re already in stacking mode, nothing has to be done */
328 if ((mode == MODE_STACK && container->mode == MODE_STACK) ||
329 (mode == MODE_TABBED && container->mode == MODE_TABBED))
332 if (container->mode == MODE_STACK || container->mode == MODE_TABBED)
335 /* When entering stacking mode, we need to open a window on
336 * which we can draw the title bars of the clients, it has
337 * height 1 because we don’t bother here with calculating the
338 * correct height - it will be adjusted when rendering anyways.
339 * Also, we need to use max(width, 1) because windows cannot
340 * be created with either width == 0 or height == 0. */
341 Rect rect = {container->x, container->y, max(container->width, 1), 1};
346 /* Don’t generate events for our new window, it should *not* be managed */
347 mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
350 /* We want to know when… */
351 mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
352 values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW | /* …mouse is moved into our window */
353 XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS | /* …mouse is pressed */
354 XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE; /* …our window needs to be redrawn */
356 struct Stack_Window *stack_win = &(container->stack_win);
357 stack_win->window = create_window(conn, rect, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, XCB_CURSOR_LEFT_PTR, false, mask, values);
359 stack_win->rect.height = 0;
361 /* Initialize the entry for our cached pixmap. It will be
362 * created as soon as it’s needed (see cached_pixmap_prepare). */
363 memset(&(stack_win->pixmap), 0, sizeof(struct Cached_Pixmap));
364 stack_win->pixmap.referred_rect = &stack_win->rect;
365 stack_win->pixmap.referred_drawable = stack_win->window;
367 stack_win->container = container;
369 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&stack_wins, stack_win, stack_windows);
371 if (container->mode == MODE_STACK || container->mode == MODE_TABBED)
372 leave_stack_mode(conn, container);
375 container->mode = mode;
377 /* Force reconfiguration of each client */
380 CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(client, &(container->clients), clients)
381 client->force_reconfigure = true;
385 if (container->currently_focused != NULL) {
386 /* We need to make sure that this client is above *each* of the
387 * other clients in this container */
388 Client *last_focused = get_last_focused_client(conn, container, container->currently_focused);
390 CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(client, &(container->clients), clients) {
391 if (client == container->currently_focused || client == last_focused)
394 DLOG("setting %08x below %08x / %08x\n", client->frame, container->currently_focused->frame);
395 uint32_t values[] = { container->currently_focused->frame, XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW };
396 xcb_configure_window(conn, client->frame,
397 XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values);
400 if (last_focused != NULL) {
401 DLOG("Putting last_focused directly underneath the currently focused\n");
402 uint32_t values[] = { container->currently_focused->frame, XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW };
403 xcb_configure_window(conn, last_focused->frame,
404 XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING | XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values);
408 set_focus(conn, container->currently_focused, true);
413 * Gets the first matching client for the given window class/window title.
414 * If the paramater specific is set to a specific client, only this one
418 Client *get_matching_client(xcb_connection_t *conn, const char *window_classtitle,
420 char *to_class, *to_title, *to_title_ucs = NULL;
421 int to_title_ucs_len = 0;
422 Client *matching = NULL;
424 to_class = sstrdup(window_classtitle);
426 /* If a title was specified, split both strings at the slash */
427 if ((to_title = strstr(to_class, "/")) != NULL) {
428 *(to_title++) = '\0';
429 /* Convert to UCS-2 */
430 to_title_ucs = convert_utf8_to_ucs2(to_title, &to_title_ucs_len);
433 /* If we were given a specific client we only check if that one matches */
434 if (specific != NULL) {
435 if (client_matches_class_name(specific, to_class, to_title, to_title_ucs, to_title_ucs_len))
440 DLOG("Getting clients for class \"%s\" / title \"%s\"\n", to_class, to_title);
442 TAILQ_FOREACH(ws, workspaces, workspaces) {
443 if (ws->screen == NULL)
447 SLIST_FOREACH(client, &(ws->focus_stack), focus_clients) {
448 DLOG("Checking client with class=%s, name=%s\n", client->window_class, client->name);
449 if (!client_matches_class_name(client, to_class, to_title, to_title_ucs, to_title_ucs_len))
463 #if defined(__OpenBSD__)
467 * Find the first occurrence of the byte string s in byte string l.
470 void *memmem(const void *l, size_t l_len, const void *s, size_t s_len) {
471 register char *cur, *last;
472 const char *cl = (const char *)l;
473 const char *cs = (const char *)s;
475 /* we need something to compare */
476 if (l_len == 0 || s_len == 0)
479 /* "s" must be smaller or equal to "l" */
483 /* special case where s_len == 1 */
485 return memchr(l, (int)*cs, l_len);
487 /* the last position where its possible to find "s" in "l" */
488 last = (char *)cl + l_len - s_len;
490 for (cur = (char *)cl; cur <= last; cur++)
491 if (cur[0] == cs[0] && memcmp(cur, cs, s_len) == 0)