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5 <title>i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager</title>
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33 <h1>i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager</h1>
40 <a href="/docs/">Documentation</a>
43 <a href="/downloads/">Downloads</a>
46 <a href="/screenshots/">Screenshots</a>
49 <a href="/bugs">Bugtracker</a>
52 <a href="/contact/">Contact</a>
55 <a href="/impress.html">Impressum/Imprint</a>
60 i3 was created because wmii, our favorite window manager at the time, didn’t
61 provide some features we wanted (Xinerama done right, for example), had some
62 bugs, didn’t progress since quite some time and wasn’t easy to hack at all
63 (source code comments/documentation completely lacking). Still, we think the
64 wmii developers and contributors did a great job. Thank you for inspiring us
69 Please be aware that i3 is primarily targeted at advanced users and developers.
75 Based upon the experiences we made when wanting to hack/fix wmii, we agreed
76 upon the following goals for i3:
81 Write well readable, well <strong>documented</strong> code. Create additional
82 documentation on how to extend i3 by explaining its internal workings.
84 This includes being modifyable by people who do know how to program but who are
85 not necessarily familiar with all of X11’s internals. That is, document why
86 things happen and when they happen so that the user gets a picture of the whole
87 process a Window Manager is responsible of by just reading the source code.
90 Use xcb as far as possible (it does not provide functions for some features
91 yet, like XKB) instead of Xlib. xcb has a much cleaner API and should be faster
92 in quite a lot of situations.
95 Implement Xinerama correctly, that is by assigning each workspace to a
96 virtual screen. Especially make sure that attaching and detaching new monitors
97 like video projectors works during operation and does the right thing.
100 Use the metaphor of a table for abstraction. You can create horizontal and
101 vertical columns (in wmii, you can only create vertical columns). See the documentation
102 for more information on how this works, it really is an important principle in i3.
103 (TODO: documentation :-))
106 Implement a command mode, like in vim. You can easily combine multiple
107 actions (like focusing, moving, snapping) by using the command mode.
110 Implement XRandR support for flipping monitors.
113 Do <strong>not</strong> use programs such as autoconf/automake for configuration and
114 creating unreadable/broken makefiles. Instead, use a clean makefile which automatically
115 enables/disables features for specific platforms. Also, document the dependencies
116 properly, so that package maintainers have an easy job packaging i3.
119 Provide hooks/callbacks for other programs to integrate. Using this mechanism, one
120 can easily extend i3 in whatever language, without ever touching the C code. Also,
121 to communicate with a running i3 instance, messages can be sent.
123 This approach should be more lightweight than wmii’s usage of the 9P filesystem.
124 Furthermore, core functionality does not depend on a separate program, so that i3
125 runs faster, especially when your system is under load.
131 The usual elitism amongst minimal window managers: Don’t be bloated, don’t be fancy
132 (simple borders are the most decoration we want to have), don’t add support for Xft
135 However, we do not enforce unnecessary limits such as a maximum amount of source lines
136 of code. If it needs to be a bit bigger, it will be.
140 <h3>Special Features</h3>
144 We can bind on Mode_switch (Alt Gr). Other window managers fail to do that because
145 of an X11-bug, which causes the modifier state to not be correctly set in KeyPress-
146 events. We use XKB for making sure to get the correct state.
153 i3 is currently developed at <a href="http://code.stapelberg.de/git/i3" title="cgit">
154 http://code.stapelberg.de/git/i3</a>. Checkouts of the master branch are intended to
155 be stable and working all the time. Integration of new features happens in a separate branch.
161 Copyright © 2009, Michael Stapelberg
164 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
165 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
167 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
168 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
170 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
171 notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
172 documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
174 * Neither the name of Michael Stapelberg nor the
175 names of contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
176 derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
178 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Michael Stapelberg ''AS IS'' AND ANY
179 EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
180 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
181 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Michael Stapelberg BE LIABLE FOR ANY
182 DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
183 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
184 LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
185 ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
186 (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
187 SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.