]> git.sur5r.net Git - freertos/blobdiff - FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_DNS.c
Sync FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP with the version in GitHub at (23665258ca...
[freertos] / FreeRTOS-Plus / Source / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP / FreeRTOS_DNS.c
index e14e7d21247d78df396f90e9839b5876acd1e36f..43b246d26dd9be2d5aba76625fa103621dbed623 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*\r
- * FreeRTOS+TCP V2.0.3\r
+ * FreeRTOS+TCP V2.2.0\r
  * Copyright (C) 2017 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.\r
  *\r
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of\r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS != 0 )\r
 \r
 #if( ipconfigBYTE_ORDER == pdFREERTOS_LITTLE_ENDIAN )\r
-       #define dnsDNS_PORT                                             0x3500u\r
-       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                                 0x0100u\r
-       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS                               0x0001u /* Standard query. */\r
-       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                                0x0f80u /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */\r
-       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS                    0x0080u /* Should be a response, without any errors. */\r
+       #define dnsDNS_PORT                             0x3500u\r
+       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                 0x0100u\r
+       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS               0x0001u     /* Standard query. */\r
+       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                0x0f80u     /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */\r
+       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS    0x0080u     /* Should be a response, without any errors. */\r
 #else\r
-       #define dnsDNS_PORT                                             0x0035u\r
-       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                                 0x0001u\r
-       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS                               0x0100u /* Standard query. */\r
-       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                                0x800fu /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */\r
-       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS                    0x8000u /* Should be a response, without any errors. */\r
+       #define dnsDNS_PORT                             0x0035u\r
+       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                 0x0001u\r
+       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS               0x0100u     /* Standard query. */\r
+       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                0x800fu     /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */\r
+       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS    0x8000u     /* Should be a response, without any errors. */\r
 \r
 #endif /* ipconfigBYTE_ORDER */\r
 \r
 /* The maximum number of times a DNS request should be sent out if a response\r
 is not received, before giving up. */\r
 #ifndef ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS\r
-       #define ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS            5\r
+       #define ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS    5\r
 #endif\r
 \r
 /* If the top two bits in the first character of a name field are set then the\r
 name field is an offset to the string, rather than the string itself. */\r
-#define dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET                                      ( ( uint8_t ) 0xc0 )\r
+#define dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET                                       ( ( uint8_t ) 0xc0 )\r
 \r
 /* NBNS flags. */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE                         0x8000u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK                      0x7800u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY                     0x0000u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_REGISTRATION      0x2800u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE                          0x8000u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK                       0x7800u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY                      0x0000u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_REGISTRATION       0x2800u\r
 \r
 /* Host types. */\r
-#define dnsTYPE_A_HOST                                         0x0001u\r
-#define dnsCLASS_IN                                                    0x0001u\r
+#define dnsTYPE_A_HOST                                          0x01u\r
+#define dnsCLASS_IN                                                     0x01u\r
 \r
 /* LLMNR constants. */\r
-#define dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE                                     300000u\r
-#define dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE                      0x8000u\r
+#define dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE                                      300000uL\r
+#define dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE                       0x8000u\r
 \r
 /* NBNS constants. */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE                                      3600u /* 1 hour valid */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_TYPE_NET_BIOS                          0x0020u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN                                       0x0001u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS                                     0x6000u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH                    32\r
+#define dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE                                       3600uL /* 1 hour valid */\r
+#define dnsNBNS_TYPE_NET_BIOS                           0x0020u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN                                        0x01u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS                                      0x6000u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH                     32\r
 \r
 /* If the queried NBNS name matches with the device's name,\r
 the query will be responded to with these flags: */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_QUERY_RESPONSE_FLAGS           0x8500u\r
+#define dnsNBNS_QUERY_RESPONSE_FLAGS            ( 0x8500u )\r
+\r
+/* Flag DNS parsing errors in situations where an IPv4 address is the return\r
+type. */\r
+#define dnsPARSE_ERROR                                          0uL\r
 \r
 /*\r
  * Create a socket and bind it to the standard DNS port number.  Return the\r
@@ -105,52 +109,80 @@ static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void );
 /*\r
  * Create the DNS message in the zero copy buffer passed in the first parameter.\r
  */\r
-static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer, const char *pcHostName, TickType_t xIdentifier );\r
+static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                                                  const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                  TickType_t uxIdentifier );\r
 \r
 /*\r
  * Simple routine that jumps over the NAME field of a resource record.\r
  */\r
-static uint8_t *prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte );\r
+static uint8_t * prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
+                                                                  size_t uxSourceLen );\r
 \r
 /*\r
  * Process a response packet from a DNS server.\r
+ * The parameter 'xExpected' indicates whether the identifier in the reply\r
+ * was expected, and thus if the DNS cache may be updated with the reply.\r
  */\r
-static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer, TickType_t xIdentifier );\r
+static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                                                 size_t uxBufferLength,\r
+                                                                 BaseType_t xExpected );\r
 \r
 /*\r
- * Prepare and send a message to a DNS server.  'xReadTimeOut_ms' will be passed as\r
+ * Prepare and send a message to a DNS server.  'uxReadTimeOut_ticks' will be passed as\r
  * zero, in case the user has supplied a call-back function.\r
  */\r
-static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName, TickType_t xIdentifier, TickType_t xReadTimeOut_ms );\r
+static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                 TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
+                                                                 TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks );\r
 \r
 /*\r
  * The NBNS and the LLMNR protocol share this reply function.\r
  */\r
 #if( ( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 ) || ( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 ) )\r
-       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer, BaseType_t lNetLength );\r
+       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer,\r
+                                                                       BaseType_t lNetLength );\r
 #endif\r
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
-       static portINLINE void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer, uint32_t ulIPAddress );\r
+       static portINLINE void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                                                                size_t uxBufferLength,\r
+                                                                                uint32_t ulIPAddress );\r
 #endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
 \r
+\r
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
+       static uint8_t * prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
+                                                                          size_t uxSourceLen,\r
+                                                                          char *pcName,\r
+                                                                          size_t uxLen );\r
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */\r
+\r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-       static uint8_t *prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte, char *pcName, BaseType_t xLen );\r
-       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName, uint32_t *pulIP, BaseType_t xLookUp );\r
+       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName,\r
+                                                                       uint32_t *pulIP,\r
+                                                                       uint32_t ulTTL,\r
+                                                                       BaseType_t xLookUp );\r
 \r
        typedef struct xDNS_CACHE_TABLE_ROW\r
        {\r
-               uint32_t ulIPAddress;           /* The IP address of an ARP cache entry. */\r
-               char pcName[ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH];  /* The name of the host */\r
-               uint8_t ucAge;                          /* A value that is periodically decremented but can also be refreshed by active communication.  The ARP cache entry is removed if the value reaches zero. */\r
+               uint32_t ulIPAddress;                         /* The IP address of an ARP cache entry. */\r
+               char pcName[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH ]; /* The name of the host */\r
+               uint32_t ulTTL;                               /* Time-to-Live (in seconds) from the DNS server. */\r
+               uint32_t ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds;\r
        } DNSCacheRow_t;\r
 \r
        static DNSCacheRow_t xDNSCache[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES ];\r
+\r
+       void FreeRTOS_dnsclear()\r
+       {\r
+               memset( xDNSCache, 0x0, sizeof( xDNSCache ) );\r
+       }\r
 #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
        const MACAddress_t xLLMNR_MacAdress = { { 0x01, 0x00, 0x5e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc } };\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
 \r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
@@ -180,13 +212,25 @@ struct xDNSTail
 #include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
 typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;\r
 \r
+/* DNS answer record header. */\r
+#include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
+struct xDNSAnswerRecord\r
+{\r
+       uint16_t usType;\r
+       uint16_t usClass;\r
+       uint32_t ulTTL;\r
+       uint16_t usDataLength;\r
+}\r
+#include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
+typedef struct xDNSAnswerRecord DNSAnswerRecord_t;\r
+\r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
 \r
        #include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
        struct xLLMNRAnswer\r
        {\r
                uint8_t ucNameCode;\r
-               uint8_t ucNameOffset;   /* The name is not repeated in the answer, only the offset is given with "0xc0 <offs>" */\r
+               uint8_t ucNameOffset;   /* The name is not repeated in the answer, only the offset is given with "0xc0 <offs>" */\r
                uint16_t usType;\r
                uint16_t usClass;\r
                uint32_t ulTTL;\r
@@ -225,32 +269,34 @@ typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
                uint16_t usClass;\r
                uint32_t ulTTL;\r
                uint16_t usDataLength;\r
-               uint16_t usNbFlags;             /* NetBIOS flags 0x6000 : IP-address, big-endian */\r
+               uint16_t usNbFlags;     /* NetBIOS flags 0x6000 : IP-address, big-endian */\r
                uint32_t ulIPAddress;\r
        }\r
        #include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
        typedef struct xNBNSAnswer NBNSAnswer_t;\r
 \r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 */\r
+       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 */\r
 \r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
        uint32_t FreeRTOS_dnslookup( const char *pcHostName )\r
        {\r
-       uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0UL;\r
-               prvProcessDNSCache( pcHostName, &ulIPAddress, pdTRUE );\r
+       uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
+\r
+               prvProcessDNSCache( pcHostName, &ulIPAddress, 0, pdTRUE );\r
                return ulIPAddress;\r
        }\r
 #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
-#if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS != 0 )\r
+#if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
 \r
-       typedef struct xDNS_Callback {\r
-               TickType_t xRemaningTime;               /* Timeout in ms */\r
+       typedef struct xDNS_Callback\r
+       {\r
+               TickType_t uxRemaningTime;              /* Timeout in ms */\r
                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction;  /* Function to be called when the address has been found or when a timeout has beeen reached */\r
-               TimeOut_t xTimeoutState;\r
+               TimeOut_t uxTimeoutState;\r
                void *pvSearchID;\r
                struct xLIST_ITEM xListItem;\r
                char pcName[ 1 ];\r
@@ -261,7 +307,7 @@ typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
        /* Define FreeRTOS_gethostbyname() as a normal blocking call. */\r
        uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )\r
        {\r
-               return FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( pcHostName, ( FOnDNSEvent ) NULL, ( void* )NULL, 0 );\r
+               return FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( pcHostName, ( FOnDNSEvent ) NULL, ( void * ) NULL, 0 );\r
        }\r
        /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
@@ -282,23 +328,25 @@ typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
        void vDNSCheckCallBack( void *pvSearchID )\r
        {\r
        const ListItem_t *pxIterator;\r
-       const MiniListItem_t* xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t* )listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );\r
+       const MiniListItem_t * xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t * ) listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );\r
 \r
                vTaskSuspendAll();\r
                {\r
                        for( pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( xEnd );\r
                                 pxIterator != ( const ListItem_t * ) xEnd;\r
-                                 )\r
+                                )\r
                        {\r
-                               DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );\r
+                       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );\r
+\r
                                /* Move to the next item because we might remove this item */\r
-                               pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator );\r
+                               pxIterator = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator );\r
+\r
                                if( ( pvSearchID != NULL ) && ( pvSearchID == pxCallback->pvSearchID ) )\r
                                {\r
                                        uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
                                        vPortFree( pxCallback );\r
                                }\r
-                               else if( xTaskCheckForTimeOut( &pxCallback->xTimeoutState, &pxCallback->xRemaningTime ) != pdFALSE )\r
+                               else if( xTaskCheckForTimeOut( &pxCallback->uxTimeoutState, &pxCallback->uxRemaningTime ) != pdFALSE )\r
                                {\r
                                        pxCallback->pCallbackFunction( pxCallback->pcName, pxCallback->pvSearchID, 0 );\r
                                        uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
@@ -324,28 +372,38 @@ typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
 \r
        /* FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() was called along with callback parameters.\r
        Store them in a list for later reference. */\r
-       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName, void *pvSearchID, FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction, TickType_t xTimeout, TickType_t xIdentifier );\r
-       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName, void *pvSearchID, FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction, TickType_t xTimeout, TickType_t xIdentifier )\r
+       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                void *pvSearchID,\r
+                                                                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction,\r
+                                                                TickType_t uxTimeout,\r
+                                                                TickType_t uxIdentifier );\r
+       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                void *pvSearchID,\r
+                                                                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction,\r
+                                                                TickType_t uxTimeout,\r
+                                                                TickType_t uxIdentifier )\r
        {\r
-               size_t lLength = strlen( pcHostName );\r
-               DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * )pvPortMalloc( sizeof( *pxCallback ) + lLength );\r
+       size_t lLength = strlen( pcHostName );\r
+       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) pvPortMalloc( sizeof( *pxCallback ) + lLength );\r
 \r
                /* Translate from ms to number of clock ticks. */\r
-               xTimeout /= portTICK_PERIOD_MS;\r
+               uxTimeout /= portTICK_PERIOD_MS;\r
+\r
                if( pxCallback != NULL )\r
                {\r
                        if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )\r
                        {\r
                                /* This is the first one, start the DNS timer to check for timeouts */\r
-                               vIPReloadDNSTimer( FreeRTOS_min_uint32( 1000U, xTimeout ) );\r
+                               vIPReloadDNSTimer( FreeRTOS_min_uint32( 1000U, uxTimeout ) );\r
                        }\r
+\r
                        strcpy( pxCallback->pcName, pcHostName );\r
                        pxCallback->pCallbackFunction = pCallbackFunction;\r
                        pxCallback->pvSearchID = pvSearchID;\r
-                       pxCallback->xRemaningTime = xTimeout;\r
-                       vTaskSetTimeOutState( &pxCallback->xTimeoutState );\r
-                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), ( void* ) pxCallback );\r
-                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), xIdentifier );\r
+                       pxCallback->uxRemaningTime = uxTimeout;\r
+                       vTaskSetTimeOutState( &pxCallback->uxTimeoutState );\r
+                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), ( void * ) pxCallback );\r
+                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), uxIdentifier );\r
                        vTaskSuspendAll();\r
                        {\r
                                vListInsertEnd( &xCallbackList, &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
@@ -356,12 +414,17 @@ typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
        /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
        /* A DNS reply was received, see if there is any matching entry and\r
-       call the handler. */\r
-       static void vDNSDoCallback( TickType_t xIdentifier, const char *pcName, uint32_t ulIPAddress );\r
-       static void vDNSDoCallback( TickType_t xIdentifier, const char *pcName, uint32_t ulIPAddress )\r
+       call the handler.  Returns pdTRUE if uxIdentifier was recognised. */\r
+       static BaseType_t xDNSDoCallback( TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
+                                                                         const char *pcName,\r
+                                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress );\r
+       static BaseType_t xDNSDoCallback( TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
+                                                                         const char *pcName,\r
+                                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress )\r
        {\r
-               const ListItem_t *pxIterator;\r
-               const MiniListItem_t* xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t* )listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );\r
+       BaseType_t xResult = pdFALSE;\r
+       const ListItem_t *pxIterator;\r
+       const MiniListItem_t * xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t * ) listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );\r
 \r
                vTaskSuspendAll();\r
                {\r
@@ -369,105 +432,132 @@ typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
                                 pxIterator != ( const ListItem_t * ) xEnd;\r
                                 pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator ) )\r
                        {\r
-                               if( listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( pxIterator ) == xIdentifier )\r
+                               /* The cast will take away the 'configLIST_VOLATILE' */\r
+                               if( uxIdentifier == ( TickType_t ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( pxIterator ) )\r
                                {\r
-                                       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );\r
+                               DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );\r
+\r
                                        pxCallback->pCallbackFunction( pcName, pxCallback->pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );\r
                                        uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
                                        vPortFree( pxCallback );\r
+\r
                                        if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )\r
                                        {\r
+                                               /* The list of outstanding requests is empty. No need for periodic polling. */\r
                                                vIPSetDnsTimerEnableState( pdFALSE );\r
                                        }\r
+\r
+                                       xResult = pdTRUE;\r
                                        break;\r
                                }\r
                        }\r
                }\r
                xTaskResumeAll();\r
+               return xResult;\r
        }\r
 \r
-#endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS != 0 */\r
+#endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 */\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
 #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 )\r
-uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )\r
+       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )\r
 #else\r
-uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( const char *pcHostName, FOnDNSEvent pCallback, void *pvSearchID, TickType_t xTimeout )\r
+       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                          FOnDNSEvent pCallback,\r
+                                                                          void *pvSearchID,\r
+                                                                          TickType_t uxTimeout )\r
 #endif\r
 {\r
-uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0UL;\r
-static uint16_t usIdentifier = 0u;\r
-TickType_t xReadTimeOut_ms = 1200U;\r
-/* Generate a unique identifier for this query. Keep it in a local variable\r
- as gethostbyname() may be called from different threads */\r
-TickType_t xIdentifier = ( TickType_t )usIdentifier++;\r
-\r
-       /* If the supplied hostname is IP address, convert it to uint32_t\r
-       and return. */\r
-       #if( ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 )\r
-       {\r
-               ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_inet_addr( pcHostName );\r
-       }\r
-       #endif /* ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 */\r
+uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
+TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks = ipconfigDNS_RECEIVE_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS;\r
+TickType_t uxIdentifier = 0u;\r
+BaseType_t xHasRandom = pdFALSE;\r
 \r
-       /* If a DNS cache is used then check the cache before issuing another DNS\r
-       request. */\r
-       #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
+       if( pcHostName != NULL )\r
        {\r
-               if( ulIPAddress == 0UL )\r
+               /* If the supplied hostname is IP address, convert it to uint32_t\r
+               and return. */\r
+               #if( ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 )\r
                {\r
-                       ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_dnslookup( pcHostName );\r
-                       if( ulIPAddress != 0 )\r
-                       {\r
-                               FreeRTOS_debug_printf( ( "FreeRTOS_gethostbyname: found '%s' in cache: %lxip\n", pcHostName, ulIPAddress ) );\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* prvGetHostByName will be called to start a DNS lookup */\r
-                       }\r
+                       ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_inet_addr( pcHostName );\r
                }\r
-       }\r
-       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
+               #endif /* ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 */\r
 \r
-       #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS != 0 )\r
-       {\r
-               if( pCallback != NULL )\r
+               /* If a DNS cache is used then check the cache before issuing another DNS\r
+               request. */\r
+               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
                {\r
-                       if( ulIPAddress == 0UL )\r
+                       if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )\r
                        {\r
-                               /* The user has provided a callback function, so do not block on recvfrom() */\r
-                               xReadTimeOut_ms  = 0;\r
-                               vDNSSetCallBack( pcHostName, pvSearchID, pCallback, xTimeout, ( TickType_t ) xIdentifier );\r
+                               ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_dnslookup( pcHostName );\r
+\r
+                               if( ulIPAddress != 0 )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       FreeRTOS_debug_printf( ( "FreeRTOS_gethostbyname: found '%s' in cache: %lxip\n", pcHostName, ulIPAddress ) );\r
+                               }\r
+                               else\r
+                               {\r
+                                       /* prvGetHostByName will be called to start a DNS lookup. */\r
+                               }\r
                        }\r
-                       else\r
+               }\r
+               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
+\r
+               /* Generate a unique identifier. */\r
+               if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )\r
+               {\r
+               uint32_t ulNumber;\r
+\r
+                       xHasRandom = xApplicationGetRandomNumber( &( ulNumber ) );\r
+                       /* DNS identifiers are 16-bit. */\r
+                       uxIdentifier = ( TickType_t ) ( ulNumber & 0xffffu );\r
+                       /* ipconfigRAND32() may not return a non-zero value. */\r
+               }\r
+\r
+               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
+               {\r
+                       if( pCallback != NULL )\r
                        {\r
-                               /* The IP address is known, do the call-back now. */\r
-                               pCallback( pcHostName, pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );\r
+                               if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       /* The user has provided a callback function, so do not block on recvfrom() */\r
+                                       if( xHasRandom != pdFALSE )\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               uxReadTimeOut_ticks = 0u;\r
+                                               vDNSSetCallBack( pcHostName, pvSearchID, pCallback, uxTimeout, uxIdentifier );\r
+                                       }\r
+                               }\r
+                               else\r
+                               {\r
+                                       /* The IP address is known, do the call-back now. */\r
+                                       pCallback( pcHostName, pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );\r
+                               }\r
                        }\r
                }\r
-       }\r
-       #endif\r
+               #endif /* if ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 ) */\r
 \r
-       if( ulIPAddress == 0UL)\r
-       {\r
-               ulIPAddress = prvGetHostByName( pcHostName, xIdentifier, xReadTimeOut_ms );\r
+               if( ( ulIPAddress == 0uL ) && ( xHasRandom != pdFALSE ) )\r
+               {\r
+                       ulIPAddress = prvGetHostByName( pcHostName, uxIdentifier, uxReadTimeOut_ticks );\r
+               }\r
        }\r
-\r
        return ulIPAddress;\r
 }\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
-static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName, TickType_t xIdentifier, TickType_t xReadTimeOut_ms )\r
+static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                 TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
+                                                                 TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks )\r
 {\r
 struct freertos_sockaddr xAddress;\r
 Socket_t xDNSSocket;\r
-uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0UL;\r
+uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
 uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
 uint32_t ulAddressLength = sizeof( struct freertos_sockaddr );\r
 BaseType_t xAttempt;\r
 int32_t lBytes;\r
-size_t xPayloadLength, xExpectedPayloadLength;\r
-TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;\r
+size_t uxPayloadLength, uxExpectedPayloadLength;\r
+TickType_t uxWriteTimeOut_ticks = ipconfigDNS_SEND_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS;\r
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
        BaseType_t bHasDot = pdFALSE;\r
@@ -477,7 +567,8 @@ TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;
        if not then LLMNR can be used as the lookup method. */\r
        #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
        {\r
-               const char *pucPtr;\r
+       const char *pucPtr;\r
+\r
                for( pucPtr = pcHostName; *pucPtr; pucPtr++ )\r
                {\r
                        if( *pucPtr == '.' )\r
@@ -491,26 +582,26 @@ TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;
 \r
        /* Two is added at the end for the count of characters in the first\r
        subdomain part and the string end byte. */\r
-       xExpectedPayloadLength = sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) + strlen( pcHostName ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + 2u;\r
+       uxExpectedPayloadLength = sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) + strlen( pcHostName ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + 2u;\r
 \r
        xDNSSocket = prvCreateDNSSocket();\r
 \r
        if( xDNSSocket != NULL )\r
        {\r
-               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_SNDTIMEO, ( void * ) &xWriteTimeOut_ms, sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
-               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_RCVTIMEO, ( void * ) &xReadTimeOut_ms,  sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
+               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_SNDTIMEO, ( void * ) &uxWriteTimeOut_ticks, sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
+               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_RCVTIMEO, ( void * ) &uxReadTimeOut_ticks,  sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
 \r
                for( xAttempt = 0; xAttempt < ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS; xAttempt++ )\r
                {\r
                        /* Get a buffer.  This uses a maximum delay, but the delay will be\r
                        capped to ipconfigUDP_MAX_SEND_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS so the return value\r
                        still needs to be tested. */\r
-                       pucUDPPayloadBuffer = ( uint8_t * ) FreeRTOS_GetUDPPayloadBuffer( xExpectedPayloadLength, portMAX_DELAY );\r
+                       pucUDPPayloadBuffer = ( uint8_t * ) FreeRTOS_GetUDPPayloadBuffer( uxExpectedPayloadLength, portMAX_DELAY );\r
 \r
                        if( pucUDPPayloadBuffer != NULL )\r
                        {\r
                                /* Create the message in the obtained buffer. */\r
-                               xPayloadLength = prvCreateDNSMessage( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, pcHostName, xIdentifier );\r
+                               uxPayloadLength = prvCreateDNSMessage( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, pcHostName, uxIdentifier );\r
 \r
                                iptraceSENDING_DNS_REQUEST();\r
 \r
@@ -522,8 +613,8 @@ TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;
                                if( bHasDot == pdFALSE )\r
                                {\r
                                        /* Use LLMNR addressing. */\r
-                                       ( ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer) -> usFlags = 0;\r
-                                       xAddress.sin_addr = ipLLMNR_IP_ADDR;    /* Is in network byte order. */\r
+                                       ( ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer )->usFlags = 0;\r
+                                       xAddress.sin_addr = ipLLMNR_IP_ADDR; /* Is in network byte order. */\r
                                        xAddress.sin_port = FreeRTOS_ntohs( ipLLMNR_PORT );\r
                                }\r
                                else\r
@@ -534,24 +625,45 @@ TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;
                                        xAddress.sin_port = dnsDNS_PORT;\r
                                }\r
 \r
-                               ulIPAddress = 0UL;\r
+                               ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
 \r
-                               if( FreeRTOS_sendto( xDNSSocket, pucUDPPayloadBuffer, xPayloadLength, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, sizeof( xAddress ) ) != 0 )\r
+                               if( FreeRTOS_sendto( xDNSSocket, pucUDPPayloadBuffer, uxPayloadLength, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, sizeof( xAddress ) ) != 0 )\r
                                {\r
                                        /* Wait for the reply. */\r
                                        lBytes = FreeRTOS_recvfrom( xDNSSocket, &pucUDPPayloadBuffer, 0, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, &ulAddressLength );\r
 \r
                                        if( lBytes > 0 )\r
                                        {\r
+                                       BaseType_t xExpected;\r
+                                       DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
+\r
+                                               /* See if the identifiers match. */\r
+                                               if( uxIdentifier == ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier )\r
+                                               {\r
+                                                       xExpected = pdTRUE;\r
+                                               }\r
+                                               else\r
+                                               {\r
+                                                       /* The reply was not expected. */\r
+                                                       xExpected = pdFALSE;\r
+                                               }\r
+\r
                                                /* The reply was received.  Process it. */\r
-                                               ulIPAddress = prvParseDNSReply( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, xIdentifier );\r
+                                       #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 )\r
+                                               /* It is useless to analyse the unexpected reply\r
+                                               unless asynchronous look-ups are enabled. */\r
+                                               if( xExpected != pdFALSE )\r
+                                       #endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 */\r
+                                               {\r
+                                                       ulIPAddress = prvParseDNSReply( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, ( size_t ) lBytes, xExpected );\r
+                                               }\r
 \r
                                                /* Finished with the buffer.  The zero copy interface\r
                                                is being used, so the buffer must be freed by the\r
                                                task. */\r
                                                FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
 \r
-                                               if( ulIPAddress != 0UL )\r
+                                               if( ulIPAddress != 0uL )\r
                                                {\r
                                                        /* All done. */\r
                                                        break;\r
@@ -565,6 +677,13 @@ TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;
                                        FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
                                }\r
                        }\r
+\r
+                       if( uxReadTimeOut_ticks == 0u )\r
+                       {\r
+                               /* This DNS lookup is asynchronous, using a call-back:\r
+                               send the request only once. */\r
+                               break;\r
+                       }\r
                }\r
 \r
                /* Finished with the socket. */\r
@@ -575,19 +694,21 @@ TickType_t xWriteTimeOut_ms = 100U;
 }\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
-static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer, const char *pcHostName, TickType_t xIdentifier )\r
+static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                                                  const char *pcHostName,\r
+                                                                  TickType_t uxIdentifier )\r
 {\r
 DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;\r
 uint8_t *pucStart, *pucByte;\r
 DNSTail_t *pxTail;\r
 static const DNSMessage_t xDefaultPartDNSHeader =\r
 {\r
-       0,                                      /* The identifier will be overwritten. */\r
-       dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS,      /* Flags set for standard query. */\r
-       dnsONE_QUESTION,        /* One question is being asked. */\r
-       0,                                      /* No replies are included. */\r
-       0,                                      /* No authorities. */\r
-       0                                       /* No additional authorities. */\r
+       0,                 /* The identifier will be overwritten. */\r
+       dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS, /* Flags set for standard query. */\r
+       dnsONE_QUESTION,   /* One question is being asked. */\r
+       0,                 /* No replies are included. */\r
+       0,                 /* No authorities. */\r
+       0                  /* No additional authorities. */\r
 };\r
 \r
        /* Copy in the const part of the header. */\r
@@ -595,7 +716,7 @@ static const DNSMessage_t xDefaultPartDNSHeader =
 \r
        /* Write in a unique identifier. */\r
        pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-       pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier = ( uint16_t ) xIdentifier;\r
+       pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier = ( uint16_t ) uxIdentifier;\r
 \r
        /* Create the resource record at the end of the header.  First\r
        find the end of the header. */\r
@@ -631,15 +752,14 @@ static const DNSMessage_t xDefaultPartDNSHeader =
                ( *pucStart )--;\r
 \r
                pucStart = pucByte;\r
-\r
        } while( *pucByte != 0x00 );\r
 \r
        /* Finish off the record. */\r
 \r
-       pxTail = (DNSTail_t *)( pucByte + 1 );\r
+       pxTail = ( DNSTail_t * ) ( pucByte + 1 );\r
 \r
-       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST );       /* Type A: host */\r
-       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN ); /* 1: Class IN */\r
+       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */\r
+       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */\r
 \r
        /* Return the total size of the generated message, which is the space from\r
        the last written byte to the beginning of the buffer. */\r
@@ -647,75 +767,174 @@ static const DNSMessage_t xDefaultPartDNSHeader =
 }\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
 \r
-       static uint8_t *prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte, char *pcName, BaseType_t xLen )\r
+       static uint8_t * prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
+                                                                          size_t uxSourceLen,\r
+                                                                          char *pcName,\r
+                                                                          size_t uxDestLen )\r
        {\r
-       BaseType_t xNameLen = 0;\r
+       size_t uxNameLen = 0;\r
+       BaseType_t xCount;\r
+\r
+               if( 0 == uxSourceLen )\r
+               {\r
+                       return NULL;\r
+               }\r
+\r
                /* Determine if the name is the fully coded name, or an offset to the name\r
                elsewhere in the message. */\r
                if( ( *pucByte & dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET ) == dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET )\r
                {\r
                        /* Jump over the two byte offset. */\r
-                       pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );\r
-\r
+                       if( uxSourceLen > sizeof( uint16_t ) )\r
+                       {\r
+                               pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );\r
+                       }\r
+                       else\r
+                       {\r
+                               pucByte = NULL;\r
+                       }\r
                }\r
                else\r
                {\r
-                       /* pucByte points to the full name.  Walk over the string. */\r
-                       while( *pucByte != 0x00 )\r
+                       /* pucByte points to the full name. Walk over the string. */\r
+                       while( ( NULL != pucByte ) && ( *pucByte != 0x00u ) && ( uxSourceLen > 1u ) )\r
                        {\r
-                               BaseType_t xCount;\r
-                               if( xNameLen && xNameLen < xLen - 1 )\r
-                                       pcName[xNameLen++] = '.';\r
-                               for( xCount = *(pucByte++); xCount--; pucByte++ )\r
+                               /* If this is not the first time through the loop, then add a\r
+                               separator in the output. */\r
+                               if( ( uxNameLen > 0 ) && ( uxNameLen < ( uxDestLen - 1u ) ) )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = '.';\r
+                               }\r
+\r
+                               /* Process the first/next sub-string. */\r
+                               for( xCount = *( pucByte++ ), uxSourceLen--;\r
+                                        xCount-- && uxSourceLen > 1u;\r
+                                        pucByte++, uxSourceLen-- )\r
                                {\r
-                                       if( xNameLen < xLen - 1 )\r
-                                               pcName[xNameLen++] = *( ( char * ) pucByte );\r
+                                       if( uxNameLen < uxDestLen - 1u )\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = *( ( char * ) pucByte );\r
+                                       }\r
+                                       else\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               /* DNS name is too big for the provided buffer. */\r
+                                               pucByte = NULL;\r
+                                               break;\r
+                                       }\r
                                }\r
                        }\r
 \r
-                       pucByte++;\r
+                       /* Confirm that a fully formed name was found. */\r
+                       if( NULL != pucByte )\r
+                       {\r
+                               if( 0x00 == *pucByte )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       pucByte++;\r
+                                       uxSourceLen--;\r
+                                       pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = '\0';\r
+                               }\r
+                               else\r
+                               {\r
+                                       pucByte = NULL;\r
+                               }\r
+                       }\r
                }\r
 \r
                return pucByte;\r
        }\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
-static uint8_t *prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte )\r
+static uint8_t * prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
+                                                                  size_t uxSourceLen )\r
 {\r
+size_t uxChunkLength;\r
+\r
+       if( 0u == uxSourceLen )\r
+       {\r
+               return NULL;\r
+       }\r
+\r
        /* Determine if the name is the fully coded name, or an offset to the name\r
        elsewhere in the message. */\r
        if( ( *pucByte & dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET ) == dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET )\r
        {\r
                /* Jump over the two byte offset. */\r
-               pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );\r
-\r
+               if( uxSourceLen > sizeof( uint16_t ) )\r
+               {\r
+                       pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );\r
+               }\r
+               else\r
+               {\r
+                       pucByte = NULL;\r
+               }\r
        }\r
        else\r
        {\r
-               /* pucByte points to the full name.  Walk over the string. */\r
-               while( *pucByte != 0x00 )\r
+               /* pucByte points to the full name. Walk over the string. */\r
+               while( ( *pucByte != 0x00u ) && ( uxSourceLen > 1u ) )\r
                {\r
-                       /* The number of bytes to jump for each name section is stored in the byte\r
-                       before the name section. */\r
-                       pucByte += ( *pucByte + 1 );\r
+                       uxChunkLength = *pucByte + 1u;\r
+\r
+                       if( uxSourceLen > uxChunkLength )\r
+                       {\r
+                               uxSourceLen -= uxChunkLength;\r
+                               pucByte += uxChunkLength;\r
+                       }\r
+                       else\r
+                       {\r
+                               pucByte = NULL;\r
+                               break;\r
+                       }\r
                }\r
 \r
-               pucByte++;\r
+               /* Confirm that a fully formed name was found. */\r
+               if( NULL != pucByte )\r
+               {\r
+                       if( 0x00u == *pucByte )\r
+                       {\r
+                               pucByte++;\r
+                       }\r
+                       else\r
+                       {\r
+                               pucByte = NULL;\r
+                       }\r
+               }\r
        }\r
 \r
        return pucByte;\r
 }\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
+/* The function below will only be called :\r
+when ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1\r
+when ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1\r
+for testing purposes, by the module iot_test_freertos_tcp.c\r
+*/\r
 uint32_t ulDNSHandlePacket( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer )\r
 {\r
-uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
-DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-\r
-       prvParseDNSReply( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, ( uint32_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier );\r
+DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;\r
+size_t uxPayloadSize;\r
+\r
+    /* Only proceed if the payload length indicated in the header\r
+    appears to be valid. */\r
+    if( pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength >= sizeof( UDPPacket_t ) )\r
+    {\r
+        uxPayloadSize = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength - sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
+\r
+        if( uxPayloadSize >= sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) )\r
+        {\r
+            pxDNSMessageHeader =\r
+                ( DNSMessage_t * ) ( pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t ) );\r
+\r
+            /* The parameter pdFALSE indicates that the reply was not expected. */\r
+            prvParseDNSReply( ( uint8_t * ) pxDNSMessageHeader,\r
+                uxPayloadSize,\r
+                pdFALSE );\r
+        }\r
+    }\r
 \r
        /* The packet was not consumed. */\r
        return pdFAIL;\r
@@ -724,12 +943,17 @@ DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
 \r
-       uint32_t ulNBNSHandlePacket (NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer )\r
+       uint32_t ulNBNSHandlePacket( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t * pxNetworkBuffer )\r
        {\r
        UDPPacket_t *pxUDPPacket = ( UDPPacket_t * ) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;\r
-       uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( *pxUDPPacket );\r
+       uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
+       size_t uxPayloadSize = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength - sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
 \r
-               prvTreatNBNS( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader.ulSourceIPAddress );\r
+               /* The network buffer data length has already been set to the\r
+               length of the UDP payload. */\r
+               prvTreatNBNS( pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                         uxPayloadSize,\r
+                                         pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader.ulSourceIPAddress );\r
 \r
                /* The packet was not consumed. */\r
                return pdFAIL;\r
@@ -738,31 +962,48 @@ DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
 #endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
-static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer, TickType_t xIdentifier )\r
+static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                                                 size_t uxBufferLength,\r
+                                                                 BaseType_t xExpected )\r
 {\r
 DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;\r
-uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0UL;\r
+DNSAnswerRecord_t *pxDNSAnswerRecord;\r
+uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
        char *pcRequestedName = NULL;\r
 #endif\r
 uint8_t *pucByte;\r
+size_t uxSourceBytesRemaining;\r
 uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;\r
+BaseType_t xDoStore = xExpected;\r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
        uint16_t usType = 0, usClass = 0;\r
 #endif\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-       char pcName[128] = ""; /*_RB_ What is the significance of 128?  Probably too big to go on the stack for a small MCU but don't know how else it could be made re-entrant.  Might be necessary. */\r
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
+       char pcName[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH ] = "";\r
 #endif\r
 \r
+       /* Ensure that the buffer is of at least minimal DNS message length. */\r
+       if( uxBufferLength < sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) )\r
+       {\r
+               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
+       }\r
+\r
+       uxSourceBytesRemaining = uxBufferLength;\r
+\r
+       /* Parse the DNS message header. */\r
        pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
 \r
-       if( pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier == ( uint16_t ) xIdentifier )\r
+       /* Introduce a do {} while (0) to allow the use of breaks. */\r
+       do\r
        {\r
                /* Start at the first byte after the header. */\r
                pucByte = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + sizeof( DNSMessage_t );\r
+               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( DNSMessage_t );\r
 \r
                /* Skip any question records. */\r
                usQuestions = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSMessageHeader->usQuestions );\r
+\r
                for( x = 0; x < usQuestions; x++ )\r
                {\r
                        #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
@@ -774,91 +1015,162 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                        }\r
                        #endif\r
 \r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
                        if( x == 0 )\r
                        {\r
-                               pucByte = prvReadNameField( pucByte, pcName, sizeof( pcName ) );\r
+                               pucByte = prvReadNameField( pucByte,\r
+                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining,\r
+                                                                                       pcName,\r
+                                                                                       sizeof( pcName ) );\r
+\r
+                               /* Check for a malformed response. */\r
+                               if( NULL == pucByte )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
+                               }\r
+\r
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength ) - pucByte;\r
                        }\r
                        else\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */\r
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */\r
                        {\r
                                /* Skip the variable length pcName field. */\r
-                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte );\r
+                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte,\r
+                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining );\r
+\r
+                               /* Check for a malformed response. */\r
+                               if( NULL == pucByte )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
+                               }\r
+\r
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( size_t )\r
+                                       ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength - pucByte );\r
                        }\r
 \r
-                       #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
+                       /* Check the remaining buffer size. */\r
+                       if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= sizeof( uint32_t ) )\r
                        {\r
-                               /* usChar2u16 returns value in host endianness. */\r
-                               usType = usChar2u16( pucByte );\r
-                               usClass = usChar2u16( pucByte + 2 );\r
-                       }\r
-                       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR */\r
+                               #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       /* usChar2u16 returns value in host endianness. */\r
+                                       usType = usChar2u16( pucByte );\r
+                                       usClass = usChar2u16( pucByte + 2 );\r
+                               }\r
+                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR */\r
 \r
-                       /* Skip the type and class fields. */\r
-                       pucByte += sizeof( uint32_t );\r
+                               /* Skip the type and class fields. */\r
+                               pucByte += sizeof( uint32_t );\r
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( uint32_t );\r
+                       }\r
+                       else\r
+                       {\r
+                               /* Malformed response. */\r
+                               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
+                       }\r
                }\r
 \r
-               /* Search through the answers records. */\r
+               /* Search through the answer records. */\r
                pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers );\r
 \r
                if( ( pxDNSMessageHeader->usFlags & dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK ) == dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS )\r
                {\r
                        for( x = 0; x < pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers; x++ )\r
                        {\r
-                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte );\r
+                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte,\r
+                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining );\r
 \r
-                               /* Is the type field that of an A record? */\r
-                               if( usChar2u16( pucByte ) == dnsTYPE_A_HOST )\r
+                               /* Check for a malformed response. */\r
+                               if( NULL == pucByte )\r
                                {\r
-                                       /* This is the required record.  Skip the type, class, and\r
-                                       time to live fields, plus the first byte of the data\r
-                                       length. */\r
-                                       pucByte += ( sizeof( uint32_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) + sizeof( uint8_t ) );\r
+                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
+                               }\r
 \r
-                                       /* Sanity check the data length. */\r
-                                       if( ( size_t ) *pucByte == sizeof( uint32_t ) )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* Skip the second byte of the length. */\r
-                                               pucByte++;\r
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( size_t )\r
+                                       ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength - pucByte );\r
 \r
+                               /* Is there enough data for an IPv4 A record answer and, if so,\r
+                               is this an A record? */\r
+                               if( ( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= ( sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) ) ) &&\r
+                                       ( usChar2u16( pucByte ) == dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) )\r
+                               {\r
+                                       /* This is the required record type and is of sufficient size. */\r
+                                       pxDNSAnswerRecord = ( DNSAnswerRecord_t * ) pucByte;\r
+\r
+                                       /* Sanity check the data length of an IPv4 answer. */\r
+                                       if( FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSAnswerRecord->usDataLength ) == sizeof( uint32_t ) )\r
+                                       {\r
                                                /* Copy the IP address out of the record. */\r
-                                               memcpy( ( void * ) &ulIPAddress, ( void * ) pucByte, sizeof( uint32_t ) );\r
+                                               memcpy( &ulIPAddress,\r
+                                                               pucByte + sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ),\r
+                                                               sizeof( uint32_t ) );\r
 \r
-                                               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
+                                               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
                                                {\r
-                                                       prvProcessDNSCache( pcName, &ulIPAddress, pdFALSE );\r
+                                                       /* See if any asynchronous call was made to FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() */\r
+                                                       if( xDNSDoCallback( ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier, pcName, ulIPAddress ) != pdFALSE )\r
+                                                       {\r
+                                                               /* This device has requested this DNS look-up.\r
+                                                               The result may be stored in the DNS cache. */\r
+                                                               xDoStore = pdTRUE;\r
+                                                       }\r
                                                }\r
-                                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */\r
-                                               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS != 0 )\r
+                                               #endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 */\r
+                                               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
                                                {\r
-                                                       /* See if any asynchronous call was made to FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() */\r
-                                                       vDNSDoCallback( ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier, pcName, ulIPAddress );\r
+                                                       /* The reply will only be stored in the DNS cache when the\r
+                                                       request was issued by this device. */\r
+                                                       if( xDoStore != pdFALSE )\r
+                                                       {\r
+                                                               prvProcessDNSCache( pcName, &ulIPAddress, pxDNSAnswerRecord->ulTTL, pdFALSE );\r
+                                                       }\r
+\r
+                                                       /* Show what has happened. */\r
+                                                       FreeRTOS_printf( ( "DNS[0x%04X]: The answer to '%s' (%xip) will%s be stored\n",\r
+                                                                                          ( unsigned ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier,\r
+                                                                                          pcName,\r
+                                                                                          ( unsigned ) FreeRTOS_ntohl( ulIPAddress ),\r
+                                                                                          ( xDoStore != 0 ) ? "" : " NOT" ) );\r
                                                }\r
-                                               #endif  /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS != 0 */\r
+                                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */\r
                                        }\r
 \r
+                                       pucByte += sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t );\r
+                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining -= ( sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) );\r
                                        break;\r
                                }\r
-                               else\r
+                               else if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) )\r
                                {\r
-                                       /* Skip the type, class and time to live fields. */\r
-                                       pucByte += ( sizeof( uint32_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) );\r
+                                       /* It's not an A record, so skip it. Get the header location\r
+                                       and then jump over the header. */\r
+                                       pxDNSAnswerRecord = ( DNSAnswerRecord_t * ) pucByte;\r
+                                       pucByte += sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t );\r
+                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t );\r
 \r
-                                       /* Determine the length of the data in the field. */\r
-                                       memcpy( ( void * ) &usDataLength, ( void * ) pucByte, sizeof( uint16_t ) );\r
-                                       usDataLength = FreeRTOS_ntohs( usDataLength );\r
+                                       /* Determine the length of the answer data from the header. */\r
+                                       usDataLength = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSAnswerRecord->usDataLength );\r
 \r
-                                       /* Jump over the data length bytes, and the data itself. */\r
-                                       pucByte += usDataLength + sizeof( uint16_t );\r
+                                       /* Jump over the answer. */\r
+                                       if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= usDataLength )\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               pucByte += usDataLength;\r
+                                               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= usDataLength;\r
+                                       }\r
+                                       else\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               /* Malformed response. */\r
+                                               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
+                                       }\r
                                }\r
                        }\r
                }\r
+\r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-               else if( ( usQuestions != ( uint16_t )0u ) && ( usType == ( uint16_t )dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) && ( usClass == ( uint16_t )dnsCLASS_IN ) )\r
+               else if( usQuestions && ( usType == dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) && ( usClass == dnsCLASS_IN ) )\r
                {\r
                        /* If this is not a reply to our DNS request, it might an LLMNR\r
                        request. */\r
-                       if( xApplicationDNSQueryHook ( ( pcRequestedName + 1 ) ) )\r
+                       if( xApplicationDNSQueryHook( ( pcRequestedName + 1 ) ) )\r
                        {\r
                        int16_t usLength;\r
                        NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNewBuffer = NULL;\r
@@ -867,14 +1179,12 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
 \r
                                if( ( xBufferAllocFixedSize == pdFALSE ) && ( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL ) )\r
                                {\r
-                               BaseType_t xDataLength = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength + sizeof( UDPHeader_t ) +\r
-                                       sizeof( EthernetHeader_t ) + sizeof( IPHeader_t );\r
+                               BaseType_t xDataLength = uxBufferLength + sizeof( UDPHeader_t ) + sizeof( EthernetHeader_t ) + sizeof( IPHeader_t );\r
 \r
-                                       /* The field xDataLength was set to the length of the UDP payload.\r
-                                       The answer (reply) will be longer than the request, so the packet\r
-                                       must be duplicaed into a bigger buffer */\r
+                                       /* Set the size of the outgoing packet. */\r
                                        pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = xDataLength;\r
-                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, xDataLength + 16 );\r
+                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, xDataLength + sizeof( LLMNRAnswer_t ) );\r
+\r
                                        if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )\r
                                        {\r
                                        BaseType_t xOffset1, xOffset2;\r
@@ -888,7 +1198,6 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                                                pucByte = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + xOffset1;\r
                                                pcRequestedName = ( char * ) ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + xOffset2 );\r
                                                pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-\r
                                        }\r
                                        else\r
                                        {\r
@@ -896,21 +1205,22 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                                                pxNetworkBuffer = NULL;\r
                                        }\r
                                }\r
+\r
                                if( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL )\r
                                {\r
-                                       pxAnswer = (LLMNRAnswer_t *)pucByte;\r
+                                       pxAnswer = ( LLMNRAnswer_t * ) pucByte;\r
 \r
-                                       /* Leave 'usIdentifier' and 'usQuestions' untouched. */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usFlags, dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE );    /* Set the response flag */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAnswers, 1 );  /* Provide a single answer */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );     /* No authority */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );    /* No additional info */\r
+                                       /* We leave 'usIdentifier' and 'usQuestions' untouched */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usFlags, dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE ); /* Set the response flag */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAnswers, 1 );                       /* Provide a single answer */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );                  /* No authority */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );                 /* No additional info */\r
 \r
                                        pxAnswer->ucNameCode = dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET;\r
-                                       pxAnswer->ucNameOffset = ( uint8_t )( pcRequestedName - ( char * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
+                                       pxAnswer->ucNameOffset = ( uint8_t ) ( pcRequestedName - ( char * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
 \r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */\r
                                        vSetField32( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, ulTTL, dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE );\r
                                        vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usDataLength, 4 );\r
                                        vSetField32( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, ulIPAddress, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER ) );\r
@@ -927,6 +1237,12 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                        }\r
                }\r
 #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
+       } while( 0 );\r
+\r
+       if( xExpected == pdFALSE )\r
+       {\r
+               /* Do not return a valid IP-address in case the reply was not expected. */\r
+               ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
        }\r
 \r
        return ulIPAddress;\r
@@ -935,13 +1251,22 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
 \r
-       static void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer, uint32_t ulIPAddress )\r
+       static void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
+                                                         size_t uxBufferLength,\r
+                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress )\r
        {\r
-               uint16_t usFlags, usType, usClass;\r
-               uint8_t *pucSource, *pucTarget;\r
-               uint8_t ucByte;\r
-               uint8_t ucNBNSName[ 17 ];\r
+       uint16_t usFlags, usType, usClass;\r
+       uint8_t *pucSource, *pucTarget;\r
+       uint8_t ucByte;\r
+       uint8_t ucNBNSName[ 17 ];\r
+\r
+               /* Check for minimum buffer size. */\r
+               if( uxBufferLength < sizeof( NBNSRequest_t ) )\r
+               {\r
+                       return;\r
+               }\r
 \r
+               /* Read the request flags in host endianness. */\r
                usFlags = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usFlags ) );\r
 \r
                if( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK ) == dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY )\r
@@ -950,10 +1275,11 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                        usClass = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usClass ) );\r
 \r
                        /* Not used for now */\r
-                       ( void )usClass;\r
+                       ( void ) usClass;\r
+\r
                        /* For NBNS a name is 16 bytes long, written with capitals only.\r
                        Make sure that the copy is terminated with a zero. */\r
-                       pucTarget = ucNBNSName + sizeof(ucNBNSName ) - 2;\r
+                       pucTarget = ucNBNSName + sizeof( ucNBNSName ) - 2;\r
                        pucTarget[ 1 ] = '\0';\r
 \r
                        /* Start with decoding the last 2 bytes. */\r
@@ -986,7 +1312,7 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                                {\r
                                        /* If this is a response from another device,\r
                                        add the name to the DNS cache */\r
-                                       prvProcessDNSCache( ( char * ) ucNBNSName, &ulIPAddress, pdFALSE );\r
+                                       prvProcessDNSCache( ( char * ) ucNBNSName, &ulIPAddress, 0, pdFALSE );\r
                                }\r
                        }\r
                        #else\r
@@ -1011,15 +1337,11 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                                if( ( xBufferAllocFixedSize == pdFALSE ) && ( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL ) )\r
                                {\r
                                NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNewBuffer;\r
-                               BaseType_t xDataLength = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength + sizeof( UDPHeader_t ) +\r
 \r
-                                       sizeof( EthernetHeader_t ) + sizeof( IPHeader_t );\r
+                                       /* The field xDataLength was set to the total length of the UDP packet,\r
+                                       i.e. the payload size plus sizeof( UDPPacket_t ). */\r
+                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength + sizeof( NBNSAnswer_t ) );\r
 \r
-                                       /* The field xDataLength was set to the length of the UDP payload.\r
-                                       The answer (reply) will be longer than the request, so the packet\r
-                                       must be duplicated into a bigger buffer */\r
-                                       pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = xDataLength;\r
-                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, xDataLength + 16 );\r
                                        if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )\r
                                        {\r
                                                pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNewBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
@@ -1035,7 +1357,7 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                                /* Should not occur: pucUDPPayloadBuffer is part of a xNetworkBufferDescriptor */\r
                                if( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL )\r
                                {\r
-                                       pxMessage = (DNSMessage_t *)pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
+                                       pxMessage = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
 \r
                                        /* As the fields in the structures are not word-aligned, we have to\r
                                        copy the values byte-by-byte using macro's vSetField16() and vSetField32() */\r
@@ -1045,12 +1367,12 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                                        vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );\r
                                        vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );\r
 \r
-                                       pxAnswer = (NBNSAnswer_t *)( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) );\r
+                                       pxAnswer = ( NBNSAnswer_t * ) ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) );\r
 \r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usType, usType );  /* Type */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usClass, dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN );       /* Class */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usType, usType );            /* Type */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usClass, dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN ); /* Class */\r
                                        vSetField32( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, ulTTL, dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE );\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usDataLength, 6 ); /* 6 bytes including the length field */\r
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usDataLength, 6 );           /* 6 bytes including the length field */\r
                                        vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usNbFlags, dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS );\r
                                        vSetField32( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, ulIPAddress, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER ) );\r
 \r
@@ -1062,7 +1384,7 @@ uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
                }\r
        }\r
 \r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
 \r
 static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void )\r
@@ -1070,7 +1392,6 @@ static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void )
 Socket_t xSocket = NULL;\r
 struct freertos_sockaddr xAddress;\r
 BaseType_t xReturn;\r
-TickType_t xTimeoutTime = pdMS_TO_TICKS( 200 );\r
 \r
        /* This must be the first time this function has been called.  Create\r
        the socket. */\r
@@ -1088,9 +1409,7 @@ TickType_t xTimeoutTime = pdMS_TO_TICKS( 200 );
        }\r
        else\r
        {\r
-               /* Set the send and receive timeouts. */\r
-               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_RCVTIMEO, ( void * ) &xTimeoutTime, sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
-               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_SNDTIMEO, ( void * ) &xTimeoutTime, sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
+               /* The send and receive timeouts will be set later on. */\r
        }\r
 \r
        return xSocket;\r
@@ -1099,41 +1418,42 @@ TickType_t xTimeoutTime = pdMS_TO_TICKS( 200 );
 \r
 #if( ( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 ) || ( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 ) )\r
 \r
-       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer, BaseType_t lNetLength )\r
+       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer,\r
+                                                                       BaseType_t lNetLength )\r
        {\r
        UDPPacket_t *pxUDPPacket;\r
        IPHeader_t *pxIPHeader;\r
        UDPHeader_t *pxUDPHeader;\r
 \r
-               pxUDPPacket = (UDPPacket_t *) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;\r
+               pxUDPPacket = ( UDPPacket_t * ) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;\r
                pxIPHeader = &pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader;\r
                pxUDPHeader = &pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader;\r
                /* HT: started using defines like 'ipSIZE_OF_xxx' */\r
-               pxIPHeader->usLength               = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );\r
+               pxIPHeader->usLength                       = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );\r
                /* HT:endian: should not be translated, copying from packet to packet */\r
                pxIPHeader->ulDestinationIPAddress = pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress;\r
-               pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress      = *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER;\r
-               pxIPHeader->ucTimeToLive           = ipconfigUDP_TIME_TO_LIVE;\r
-               pxIPHeader->usIdentification       = FreeRTOS_htons( usPacketIdentifier );\r
+               pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress      = *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER;\r
+               pxIPHeader->ucTimeToLive                   = ipconfigUDP_TIME_TO_LIVE;\r
+               pxIPHeader->usIdentification       = FreeRTOS_htons( usPacketIdentifier );\r
                usPacketIdentifier++;\r
-               pxUDPHeader->usLength              = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );\r
+               pxUDPHeader->usLength                      = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );\r
                vFlip_16( pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader.usSourcePort, pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader.usDestinationPort );\r
 \r
+               /* Important: tell NIC driver how many bytes must be sent */\r
+               pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = ( size_t ) ( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_ETH_HEADER );\r
+\r
                #if( ipconfigDRIVER_INCLUDED_TX_IP_CHECKSUM == 0 )\r
                {\r
                        /* calculate the IP header checksum */\r
-                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum       = 0x00;\r
-                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum       = usGenerateChecksum( 0UL, ( uint8_t * ) &( pxIPHeader->ucVersionHeaderLength ), ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER );\r
-                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum       = ~FreeRTOS_htons( pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum );\r
+                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = 0x00;\r
+                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = usGenerateChecksum( 0uL, ( uint8_t * ) &( pxIPHeader->ucVersionHeaderLength ), ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER );\r
+                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = ~FreeRTOS_htons( pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum );\r
 \r
                        /* calculate the UDP checksum for outgoing package */\r
-                       usGenerateProtocolChecksum( ( uint8_t* ) pxUDPPacket, pdTRUE );\r
+                       usGenerateProtocolChecksum( ( uint8_t* ) pxUDPPacket, pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength, pdTRUE );\r
                }\r
                #endif\r
 \r
-               /* Important: tell NIC driver how many bytes must be sent */\r
-               pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = ( size_t ) ( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_ETH_HEADER );\r
-\r
                /* This function will fill in the eth addresses and send the packet */\r
                vReturnEthernetFrame( pxNetworkBuffer, pdFALSE );\r
        }\r
@@ -1143,30 +1463,46 @@ TickType_t xTimeoutTime = pdMS_TO_TICKS( 200 );
 \r
 #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
 \r
-       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName, uint32_t *pulIP, BaseType_t xLookUp )\r
+       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName,\r
+                                                                       uint32_t *pulIP,\r
+                                                                       uint32_t ulTTL,\r
+                                                                       BaseType_t xLookUp )\r
        {\r
        BaseType_t x;\r
        BaseType_t xFound = pdFALSE;\r
+       uint32_t ulCurrentTimeSeconds = ( xTaskGetTickCount() / portTICK_PERIOD_MS ) / 1000;\r
        static BaseType_t xFreeEntry = 0;\r
+               configASSERT(pcName);\r
 \r
                /* For each entry in the DNS cache table. */\r
                for( x = 0; x < ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES; x++ )\r
                {\r
                        if( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName[ 0 ] == 0 )\r
                        {\r
-                               break;\r
+                               continue;\r
                        }\r
 \r
-                       if( strncmp( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName, pcName, sizeof( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName ) ) == 0 )\r
+                       if( 0 == strcmp( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName, pcName ) )\r
                        {\r
                                /* Is this function called for a lookup or to add/update an IP address? */\r
                                if( xLookUp != pdFALSE )\r
                                {\r
-                                       *pulIP = xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress;\r
+                                       /* Confirm that the record is still fresh. */\r
+                                       if( ulCurrentTimeSeconds < ( xDNSCache[ x ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds + FreeRTOS_ntohl( xDNSCache[ x ].ulTTL ) ) )\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               *pulIP = xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress;\r
+                                       }\r
+                                       else\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               /* Age out the old cached record. */\r
+                                               xDNSCache[ x ].pcName[ 0 ] = 0;\r
+                                       }\r
                                }\r
                                else\r
                                {\r
                                        xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;\r
+                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulTTL = ulTTL;\r
+                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds = ulCurrentTimeSeconds;\r
                                }\r
 \r
                                xFound = pdTRUE;\r
@@ -1182,14 +1518,21 @@ TickType_t xTimeoutTime = pdMS_TO_TICKS( 200 );
                        }\r
                        else\r
                        {\r
-                               /* Called to add or update an item */\r
-                               strncpy( xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].pcName, pcName, sizeof( xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].pcName ) );\r
-                               xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;\r
-\r
-                               xFreeEntry++;\r
-                               if( xFreeEntry == ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES )\r
+                               /* Add or update the item. */\r
+                               if( strlen( pcName ) < ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH )\r
                                {\r
-                                       xFreeEntry = 0;\r
+                                       strcpy( xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].pcName, pcName );\r
+\r
+                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;\r
+                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulTTL = ulTTL;\r
+                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds = ulCurrentTimeSeconds;\r
+\r
+                                       xFreeEntry++;\r
+\r
+                                       if( xFreeEntry == ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES )\r
+                                       {\r
+                                               xFreeEntry = 0;\r
+                                       }\r
                                }\r
                        }\r
                }\r
@@ -1204,4 +1547,10 @@ TickType_t xTimeoutTime = pdMS_TO_TICKS( 200 );
 \r
 #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS != 0 */\r
 \r
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
+\r
+/* Provide access to private members for testing. */\r
+#ifdef AMAZON_FREERTOS_ENABLE_UNIT_TESTS\r
+       #include "iot_freertos_tcp_test_access_dns_define.h"\r
+#endif\r
 \r