<!doctype linuxdoc system>
<article>
-
<title>Apple ][ specific information for cc65
<author><url url="mailto:ol.sc@web.de" name="Oliver Schmidt">
-<date>2014-04-10
<abstract>
An overview over the Apple ][ runtime system as it is
<sect>Binary format<p>
The standard binary file format generated by the linker for the
-Apple ][ target is a binary program with a 4 byte DOS 3.3 header
-containing the load address and load length. The default load address is
-$803.
-
-<bf/AppleCommander 1.3.5/ or later (available at <url
-url="http://applecommander.sourceforge.net/">) includes the option <tt/-cc65/
-that allows to put binary files with a DOS 3.3 header onto disk images
-containing DOS 3.3 as well as ProDOS 8.
+Apple ][ target is an <url name="AppleSingle"
+url="http://kaiser-edv.de/documents/AppleSingle_AppleDouble.pdf"> file.
+The default load address is $803.
-For ProDOS 8 system programs the load address is fixed to $2000 so there
-is no need for a header. Thus the linker configuration
-<ref id="apple-sys-cfg" name="apple2-system.cfg"> for those programs
-omits the DOS 3.3 header. The right AppleCommander option to put system files
-without a header on a ProDOS 8 disk image is <tt/-p/.
+<bf/AppleCommander 1.4.0/ or later (available at <url
+url="https://applecommander.github.io/">) includes the option <tt/-as/ that
+allows to put AppleSingle files onto disk images containing DOS 3.3 as well
+as ProDOS 8.
<sect>Memory layout<p>
<tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
- <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ Executable file header</tag>
- Default: DOS 3.3 header (address and length). Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit
- the header.
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
<tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
<descrip>
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
+
<tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
stack size.
</descrip><p>
+<sect1><tt/apple2-hgr.cfg/<p>
+
+Configuration for a program including a hires page. See <tt>testcode/lib/apple/hgrtest.c</tt>
+for an example of such a program.
+
+Parameters:
+
+<descrip>
+
+ <tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
+ Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
+
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
+
+ <tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
+ Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
+ stack size.
+
+ <tag><tt/__HIMEM__:/ Highest usable memory address presumed at link time</tag>
+ Default: $9600. Use <tt/-D __HIMEM__=<addr>/ to set a different
+ highest usable address.
+
+ <tag><tt/__LCADDR__:/ Address of code in the Language Card</tag>
+ Default: $D400. Use <tt/-D __LCADDR__=<addr>/ to set a different
+ code address.
+
+ <tag><tt/__LCSIZE__:/ Size of code in the Language Card</tag>
+ Default: $C00. Use <tt/-D __LCSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
+ code size.
+
+</descrip><p>
+
+
<sect1><tt/apple2-overlay.cfg/<p>
-Configuration for overlay programs with the up to nine overlays. The overlay files
-don't include the DOS 3.3 header. See <tt>samples/overlaydemo.c</tt> for more
+Configuration for an overlay program with up to nine overlays. The overlay files
+don't include the AppleSingle header. See <tt>samples/overlaydemo.c</tt> for more
information on overlays.
Parameters:
<tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
- <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ Executable file header</tag>
- Default: DOS 3.3 header (address and length). Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit
- the header.
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
<tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
<sect1><tt/apple2-asm.cfg/<p>
-Configuration for a assembler programs which don't need a special setup.
+Configuration for an assembler program that doesn't need a special setup.
Parameters:
<tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
- <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ Executable file header</tag>
- Default: No header. Use <tt/-u __EXEHDR__ apple2.lib/ to add a DOS 3.3 header
- (address and length).
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: No. Use <tt/-u __EXEHDR__ apple2.lib/ to add the AppleSingle header.
</descrip><p>
Using LOADER.SYSTEM is as simple as copying it to the ProDOS 8 directory of the
program to load under name <program>.SYSTEM as a system program. For
-example the program <tt/MYPROG/ is loaded by <tt/MYPROG.SYSTEM/.
+example the program <tt/MYPROG/ is loaded by <tt/MYPROG.SYSTEM/. The right
+AppleCommander option to put LOADER.SYSTEM on a ProDOS 8 disk image is <tt/-p/.
<sect1>Heap<p>
<descrip>
- <tag>Disk File I/O</tag>
+ <tag>Disk file I/O</tag>
There's no disk file I/O support. Any attempt to use it yields an error with
<tt/errno/ set to <tt/ENOSYS/. This implicitly means that loadable drivers
are in general not functional as they depend on disk file I/O. Therefore the statically
<tag/Interrupts/
There's no <tt/interruptor/ support. Any attempt to use it yields the message
'FAILED TO ALLOC INTERRUPT' on program startup. This implicitly means that
- joystick, mouse and RS232 device drivers are not functional as they depend on
- interrupts.
+ mouse and RS232 device drivers are not functional as they depend on interrupts.
</descrip><p>
</descrip><p>
+<sect1>Random number generator<p>
+
+<descrip>
+
+ <tag/Random number seed/
+ The random number seed is generated from the time the program waits for user input.
+ Therefore it is necessary to wait for at least one user keypress either via Standard
+ I/O or via Direct console I/O before initializing the pseudo random number generator.
+
+</descrip><p>
+
+
<sect>Other hints<p>