*Syntax*:
-------------------
-exec command
-exec_always command
+exec [--no-startup-id] command
+exec_always [--no-startup-id] command
-------------------
*Examples*:
--------------------------------
-exec i3status | i3bar -d
+exec chromium
exec_always ~/my_script.sh
+
+# Execute the terminal emulator urxvt, which is not yet startup-notification aware.
+exec --no-startup-id urxvt
--------------------------------
+The flag --no-startup-id is explained in <<exec>>.
+
[[workspace_screen]]
=== Automatically putting workspaces on specific screens
*Syntax*:
----------------------------------
-workspace <number> output <output>
+workspace <workspace> output <output>
----------------------------------
The 'output' is the name of the RandR output you attach your screen to. On a
laptop, you might have VGA1 and LVDS1 as output names. You can see the
available outputs by running +xrandr --current+.
+If you use named workspaces, they must be quoted:
+
*Examples*:
---------------------------
workspace 1 output LVDS1
workspace 5 output VGA1
+workspace "2: vim" output VGA1
---------------------------
=== Changing colors
Also note that your output names are not descriptive (like +HDMI1+) when using
Xinerama, instead they are counted up, starting at 0: +xinerama-0+, +xinerama-1+, …
+=== Automatic back-and-forth when switching to the current workspace
+
+This configuration directive enables automatic +workspace back_and_forth+ (see
+<<back_and_forth>>) when switching to the workspace that is currently focused.
+
+For instance: Assume you are on workspace "1: www" and switch to "2: IM" using
+mod+2 because somebody sent you a message. You don’t need to remember where you
+came from now, you can just press mod+2 again to switch back to "1: www".
+
+*Syntax*:
+--------------------------------------
+workspace_auto_back_and_forth <yes|no>
+--------------------------------------
+
+*Example*:
+---------------------------------
+workspace_auto_back_and_forth yes
+---------------------------------
+
+== Configuring i3bar
+
+The bar at the bottom of your monitor is drawn by a separate process called
+i3bar. Having this part of "the i3 user interface" in a separate process has
+several advantages:
+
+1. It is a modular approach. If you don’t need a workspace bar at all, or if
+ you prefer a different one (dzen2, xmobar, maybe even gnome-panel?), you can
+ just remove the i3bar configuration and start your favorite bar instead.
+2. It follows the UNIX philosophy of "Make each program do one thing well".
+ While i3 manages your windows well, i3bar is good at displaying a bar on
+ each monitor (unless you configure it otherwise).
+3. It leads to two separate, clean codebases. If you want to understand i3, you
+ don’t need to bother with the details of i3bar and vice versa.
+
+That said, i3bar is configured in the same configuration file as i3. This is
+because it is tightly coupled with i3 (in contrary to i3lock or i3status which
+are useful for people using other window managers). Therefore, it makes no
+sense to use a different configuration place when we already have a good
+configuration infrastructure in place.
+
+Configuring your workspace bar starts with opening a +bar+ block. You can have
+multiple bar blocks to use different settings for different outputs (monitors):
+
+*Example*:
+---------------------------
+bar {
+ status_command i3status
+}
+---------------------------
+
+=== Statusline command
+
+i3bar can run a program and display every line of its +stdout+ output on the
+right hand side of the bar. This is useful to display system information like
+your current IP address, battery status or date/time.
+
+The specified command will be passed to +sh -c+, so you can use globbing and
+have to have correct quoting etc.
+
+*Syntax*:
+----------------------
+status_command command
+----------------------
+
+*Example*:
+-------------------------------------------------
+status_command i3status --config ~/.i3status.conf
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+=== Display mode
+
+You can have i3bar either be visible permanently at one edge of the screen
+(+dock+ mode) or make it show up when you press your modifier key (+hide+
+mode).
+
+The hide mode maximizes screen space that can be used for actual windows. Also,
+i3bar sends the +SIGSTOP+ and +SIGCONT+ signals to the statusline process to
+save battery power.
+
+The default is dock mode.
+
+*Syntax*:
+----------------
+mode <dock|hide>
+----------------
+
+*Example*:
+----------------
+mode hide
+----------------
+
+=== Position
+
+This option determines in which edge of the screen i3bar should show up.
+
+The default is bottom.
+
+*Syntax*:
+---------------------
+position <top|bottom>
+---------------------
+
+*Example*:
+---------------------
+position top
+---------------------
+
+=== Output(s)
+
+You can restrict i3bar to one or more outputs (monitors). The default is to
+handle all outputs. Restricting the outputs is useful for using different
+options for different outputs by using multiple 'bar' blocks.
+
+*Syntax*:
+---------------
+output <output>
+---------------
+
+*Example*:
+-------------------------------
+# big monitor: everything
+bar {
+ output HDMI2
+ status_command i3status
+}
+
+# laptop monitor: bright colors and i3status with less modules.
+bar {
+ output LVDS1
+ status_command i3status --config ~/.i3status-small.conf
+ colors {
+ background #000000
+ statusline #ffffff
+ }
+}
+-------------------------------
+
+=== Tray output
+
+i3bar by default provides a system tray area where programs such as
+NetworkManager, VLC, Pidgin, etc. can place little icons.
+
+You can configure on which output (monitor) the icons should be displayed or
+you can turn off the functionality entirely.
+
+*Syntax*:
+-------------------------
+tray_output <none|output>
+-------------------------
+
+*Example*:
+-------------------------
+# disable system tray
+tray_output none
+
+# show tray icons on the big monitor
+tray_output HDMI2
+-------------------------
+
+=== Font
+
+Specifies the font (again, X core font, not Xft, just like in i3) to be used in
+the bar.
+
+*Syntax*:
+---------------------
+font <font>
+---------------------
+
+*Example*:
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+=== Workspace buttons
+
+Specifies whether workspace buttons should be shown or not. This is useful if
+you want to display a statusline-only bar containing additional information.
+
+The default is to show workspace buttons.
+
+*Syntax*:
+--------------------------
+workspace_buttons <yes|no>
+--------------------------
+
+*Example*:
+--------------------
+workspace_buttons no
+--------------------
+
+=== Colors
+
+As with i3, colors are in HTML hex format (#rrggbb). The following colors can
+be configured at the moment:
+
+background::
+ Background color of the bar.
+statusline::
+ Text color to be used for the statusline.
+focused_workspace::
+ Text color/background color for a workspace button when the workspace
+ has focus.
+active_workspace::
+ Text color/background color for a workspace button when the workspace
+ is active (visible) on some output, but the focus is on another one.
+ You can only tell this apart from the focused workspace when you are
+ using multiple monitors.
+inactive_workspace::
+ Text color/background color for a workspace button when the workspace
+ does not have focus and is not active (visible) on any output. This
+ will be the case for most workspaces.
+urgent_workspace::
+ Text color/background color for workspaces which contain at least one
+ window with the urgency hint set.
+
+*Syntax*:
+----------------------------------------
+colors {
+ background <color>
+ statusline <color>
+
+ colorclass <foreground> <background>
+}
+----------------------------------------
+
+*Example*:
+--------------------------------------
+colors {
+ background #000000
+ statusline #ffffff
+
+ focused_workspace #ffffff #285577
+ active_workspace #888888 #222222
+ inactive_workspace #888888 #222222
+ urgent_workspace #ffffff #900000
+}
+--------------------------------------
+
== List of commands
Commands are what you bind to specific keypresses. You can also issue commands
regular expressions (PCRE). See +pcresyntax(3)+ or +perldoc perlre+ for
information on how to use them.
+[[exec]]
+
+=== Executing applications (exec)
+
+What good is a window manager if you can’t actually start any applications?
+The exec command starts an application by passing the command you specify to a
+shell. This implies that you can use globbing (wildcards) and programs will be
+searched in your $PATH.
+
+*Syntax*:
+------------------------------
+exec [--no-startup-id] command
+------------------------------
+
+*Example*:
+------------------------------
+# Start the GIMP
+bindsym mod+g exec gimp
+
+# Start the terminal emulator urxvt which is not yet startup-notification-aware
+bindsym mod+enter exec --no-startup-id urxvt
+------------------------------
+
+The +--no-startup-id+ parameter disables startup-notification support for this
+particular exec command. With startup-notification, i3 can make sure that a
+window appears on the workspace on which you used the exec command. Also, it
+will change the X11 cursor to +watch+ (a clock) while the application is
+launching. So, if an application is not startup-notification aware (most GTK
+and Qt using applications seem to be, though), you will end up with a watch
+cursor for 60 seconds.
+
=== Splitting containers
The split command makes the current window a split container. Split containers
For moving, use +move left+, +move right+, +move down+ and +move up+.
+*Syntax*:
+-----------------------------------
+focus <left|right|down|up>
+focus <parent|child|floating|tiling|mode_toggle>
+move <left|right|down|up> [<px> px]
+-----------------------------------
+
+Note that the amount of pixels you can specify for the +move+ command is only
+relevant for floating containers. The default amount is 10 pixels.
+
*Examples*:
----------------------
-# Focus clients on the left, bottom, top, right:
+# Focus container on the left, bottom, top, right:
bindsym mod+j focus left
bindsym mod+k focus down
bindsym mod+l focus up
# Focus last floating/tiling container
bindsym mod+g focus mode_toggle
-# Move client to the left, bottom, top, right:
+# Move container to the left, bottom, top, right:
bindsym mod+j move left
bindsym mod+k move down
bindsym mod+l move up
bindsym mod+semicolon move right
+
+# Move container, but make floating containers
+# move more than the default
+bindsym mod+j move left 20 px
----------------------
=== Changing (named) workspaces/moving to workspaces
combination. Similarily, you can use +move workspace next+ and +move workspace
prev+ to move a container to the next/previous workspace.
+[[back_and_forth]]
+To switch back to the previously focused workspace, use +workspace
+back_and_forth+.
+
To move a container to another xrandr output such as +LVDS1+ or +VGA1+, you can
use the +move output+ command followed by the name of the target output. You
may also use +left+, +right+, +up+, +down+ instead of the xrandr output name to
bindsym mod+Shift+1 move workspace 1
bindsym mod+Shift+2 move workspace 2
...
+
+# switch between the current and the previously focused one
+bindsym mod+b workspace back_and_forth
-------------------------
==== Named workspaces
projects / i3 / i3 / blobdiff