i3 User’s Guide
===============
Michael Stapelberg <michael@i3wm.org>
-August 2012
+March 2013
This document contains all the information you need to configure and use the i3
window manager. If it does not, please check http://faq.i3wm.org/ first, then
For the "too long; didn’t read" people, here is an overview of the default
keybindings (click to see the full size image):
-*Keys to use with mod (alt):*
+*Keys to use with $mod (Alt):*
-image:keyboard-layer1.png["Keys to use with mod (alt)",width=600,link="keyboard-layer1.png"]
+image:keyboard-layer1.png["Keys to use with $mod (Alt)",width=600,link="keyboard-layer1.png"]
-*Keys to use with Shift+mod:*
+*Keys to use with Shift+$mod:*
-image:keyboard-layer2.png["Keys to use with Shift+mod",width=600,link="keyboard-layer2.png"]
+image:keyboard-layer2.png["Keys to use with Shift+$mod",width=600,link="keyboard-layer2.png"]
The red keys are the modifiers you need to press (by default), the blue keys
are your homerow.
== Using i3
-Throughout this guide, the keyword +mod+ will be used to refer to the
-configured modifier. This is the alt key (Mod1) by default, with windows (Mod4)
-being a popular alternative.
+Throughout this guide, the keyword +$mod+ will be used to refer to the
+configured modifier. This is the Alt key (Mod1) by default, with the Windows
+key (Mod4) being a popular alternative.
=== Opening terminals and moving around
One very basic operation is opening a new terminal. By default, the keybinding
-for this is mod+Enter, that is Alt+Enter in the default configuration. By
-pressing mod+Enter, a new terminal will be opened. It will fill the whole
+for this is $mod+Enter, that is Alt+Enter in the default configuration. By
+pressing $mod+Enter, a new terminal will be opened. It will fill the whole
space available on your screen.
image:single_terminal.png[Single terminal]
To move the focus between the two terminals, you can use the direction keys
which you may know from the editor +vi+. However, in i3, your homerow is used
for these keys (in +vi+, the keys are shifted to the left by one for
-compatibility with most keyboard layouts). Therefore, +mod+J+ is left, +mod+K+
-is down, +mod+L+ is up and `mod+;` is right. So, to switch between the
-terminals, use +mod+K+ or +mod+L+. Of course, you can also use the arrow keys.
+compatibility with most keyboard layouts). Therefore, +$mod+J+ is left, +$mod+K+
+is down, +$mod+L+ is up and `$mod+;` is right. So, to switch between the
+terminals, use +$mod+K+ or +$mod+L+. Of course, you can also use the arrow keys.
At the moment, your workspace is split (it contains two terminals) in a
specific direction (horizontal by default). Every window can be split
TODO: picture of the tree
-To split a window vertically, press +mod+v+ before you create the new window.
-To split it horizontally, press +mod+h+.
+To split a window vertically, press +$mod+v+ before you create the new window.
+To split it horizontally, press +$mod+h+.
=== Changing the container layout
The same principle as +stacking+, but the list of windows at the top is only
a single line which is vertically split.
-To switch modes, press +mod+e+ for splith/splitv (it toggles), +mod+s+ for
-stacking and +mod+w+ for tabbed.
+To switch modes, press +$mod+e+ for splith/splitv (it toggles), +$mod+s+ for
+stacking and +$mod+w+ for tabbed.
image:modes.png[Container modes]
=== Toggling fullscreen mode for a window
To display a window in fullscreen mode or to go out of fullscreen mode again,
-press +mod+f+.
+press +$mod+f+.
There is also a global fullscreen mode in i3 in which the client will span all
available outputs (the command is +fullscreen global+).
=== Opening other applications
Aside from opening applications from a terminal, you can also use the handy
-+dmenu+ which is opened by pressing +mod+d+ by default. Just type the name
++dmenu+ which is opened by pressing +$mod+d+ by default. Just type the name
(or a part of it) of the application which you want to open. The corresponding
application has to be in your +$PATH+ for this to work.
If an application does not provide a mechanism for closing (most applications
provide a menu, the escape key or a shortcut like +Control+W+ to close), you
-can press +mod+Shift+q+ to kill a window. For applications which support
+can press +$mod+Shift+q+ to kill a window. For applications which support
the WM_DELETE protocol, this will correctly close the application (saving
any modifications or doing other cleanup). If the application doesn’t support
the WM_DELETE protocol your X server will kill the window and the behaviour
Workspaces are an easy way to group a set of windows. By default, you are on
the first workspace, as the bar on the bottom left indicates. To switch to
-another workspace, press +mod+num+ where +num+ is the number of the workspace
+another workspace, press +$mod+num+ where +num+ is the number of the workspace
you want to use. If the workspace does not exist yet, it will be created.
A common paradigm is to put the web browser on one workspace, communication
=== Moving windows to workspaces
-To move a window to another workspace, simply press +mod+Shift+num+ where
+To move a window to another workspace, simply press +$mod+Shift+num+ where
+num+ is (like when switching workspaces) the number of the target workspace.
Similarly to switching workspaces, the target workspace will be created if
it does not yet exist.
=== Restarting i3 inplace
-To restart i3 inplace (and thus get into a clean state if there is a bug, or
-to upgrade to a newer version of i3) you can use +mod+Shift+r+.
+To restart i3 in place (and thus get into a clean state if there is a bug, or
+to upgrade to a newer version of i3) you can use +$mod+Shift+r+.
=== Exiting i3
-To cleanly exit i3 without killing your X server, you can use +mod+Shift+e+.
+To cleanly exit i3 without killing your X server, you can use +$mod+Shift+e+.
=== Floating
-Floating mode is the opposite of tiling mode. The position and size of a window
-are not managed by i3, but by you. Using this mode violates the tiling
-paradigm but can be useful for some corner cases like "Save as" dialog
-windows, or toolbar windows (GIMP or similar). Those windows usually set the
-appropriate hint and are opened in floating mode by default.
+Floating mode is the opposite of tiling mode. The position and size of
+a window are not managed automatically by i3, but manually by
+you. Using this mode violates the tiling paradigm but can be useful
+for some corner cases like "Save as" dialog windows, or toolbar
+windows (GIMP or similar). Those windows usually set the appropriate
+hint and are opened in floating mode by default.
-You can toggle floating mode for a window by pressing +mod+Shift+Space+. By
+You can toggle floating mode for a window by pressing +$mod+Shift+Space+. By
dragging the window’s titlebar with your mouse you can move the window
around. By grabbing the borders and moving them you can resize the window. You
can also do that by using the <<floating_modifier>>.
on the layout the container is in (vertical for splitv and stacking, horizontal
for splith and tabbed). So, in our example with the workspace, the default
layout of the workspace +Container+ is splith (most monitors are widescreen
-nowadays). If you change the layout to splitv (+mod+l+ in the default config)
+nowadays). If you change the layout to splitv (+$mod+l+ in the default config)
and *then* open two terminals, i3 will configure your windows like this:
image::tree-shot2.png["shot2",title="Vertical Workspace Orientation"]
horizontal orientation), focus is on the right terminal. Now you want to open
another terminal window below the current one. If you would just open a new
terminal window, it would show up to the right due to the splith layout.
-Instead, press +mod+v+ to split the container with the splitv layout (to
-open a +Horizontal Split Container+, use +mod+h+). Now you can open a new
+Instead, press +$mod+v+ to split the container with the splitv layout (to
+open a +Horizontal Split Container+, use +$mod+h+). Now you can open a new
terminal and it will open below the current one:
image::tree-layout1.png["Layout",float="right"]
windows are directly attached to one node inside i3’s layout tree, the
workspace node. By default, the workspace node’s orientation is +horizontal+.
-Now you move one of these terminals down (+mod+k+ by default). The workspace
+Now you move one of these terminals down (+$mod+k+ by default). The workspace
node’s orientation will be changed to +vertical+. The terminal window you moved
down is directly attached to the workspace and appears on the bottom of the
screen. A new (horizontal) container was created to accomodate the other two
[[configuring]]
== Configuring i3
-This is where the real fun begins ;-). Most things are very dependant on your
+This is where the real fun begins ;-). Most things are very dependent on your
ideal working environment so we can’t make reasonable defaults for them.
While not using a programming language for the configuration, i3 stays
*Syntax*:
------------------------------
font <X core font description>
-font xft:<a FreeType font description>
+font pango:[family list] [style options] [size]
------------------------------
*Examples*:
--------------------------------------------------------------
font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
-font xft:DejaVu Sans Mono 10
+font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 10
+font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono, Terminus Bold Semi-Condensed 11
+font pango:Terminus 11px
--------------------------------------------------------------
[[keybindings]]
*Examples*:
--------------------------------
# Fullscreen
-bindsym mod+f fullscreen
+bindsym $mod+f fullscreen
# Restart
-bindsym mod+Shift+r restart
+bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
# Notebook-specific hotkeys
bindcode 214 exec --no-startup-id /home/michael/toggle_beamer.sh
=== Border style for new windows
This option determines which border style new windows will have. The default is
-"normal".
+"normal". Note that new_float applies only to windows which are starting out as
+floating windows, e.g. dialog windows.
*Syntax*:
---------------------------------------------
new_window <normal|1pixel|none|pixel>
+new_float <normal|1pixel|none|pixel>
---------------------------------------------
+
*Example*:
---------------------
new_window 1pixel
bindsym $m+Shift+r restart
------------------------
-Variables are directly replaced in the file when parsing. There is no fancy
-handling and there are absolutely no plans to change this. If you need a more
-dynamic configuration you should create a little script which generates a
-configuration file and run it before starting i3 (for example in your
-+~/.xsession+ file).
+Variables are directly replaced in the file when parsing. Variables expansion
+is not recursive so it is not possible to define a variable with a value
+containing another variable. There is no fancy handling and there are
+absolutely no plans to change this. If you need a more dynamic configuration
+you should create a little script which generates a configuration file and run
+it before starting i3 (for example in your +~/.xsession+ file).
=== Automatically putting clients on specific workspaces
window (mapping means actually displaying it on the screen), you’d need to have
to match on 'Firefox' in this case.
+Assignments are processed by i3 in the order in which they appear in the config
+file. The first one which matches the window wins and later assignments are not
+considered.
+
*Syntax*:
------------------------------------------------------------
assign <criteria> [→] workspace
-----------------------
Only clients that do not cover the whole area of this window expose the color
-used to paint it. If you use a color other than black for your terminals, you
-most likely want to set the client background color to the same color as your
-terminal program's background color to avoid black gaps between the rendered
-area of the terminal and the i3 border.
+used to paint it.
Colors are in HTML hex format (#rrggbb), see the following example:
=== Interprocess communication
-i3 uses unix sockets to provide an IPC interface. This allows third-party
+i3 uses Unix sockets to provide an IPC interface. This allows third-party
programs to get information from i3, such as the current workspaces
(to display a workspace bar), and to control i3.
When you are in fullscreen mode, some applications still open popup windows
(take Xpdf for example). This is because these applications may not be aware
that they are in fullscreen mode (they do not check the corresponding hint).
-There are two things which are possible to do in this situation:
+There are three things which are possible to do in this situation:
-1. Just ignore the popup (don’t map it). This won’t interrupt you while you are
+1. Display the popup if it belongs to the fullscreen application only. This is
+ the default and should be reasonable behavior for most users.
+2. Just ignore the popup (don’t map it). This won’t interrupt you while you are
in fullscreen. However, some apps might react badly to this (deadlock until
you go out of fullscreen).
-2. Leave fullscreen mode. This is the default.
+3. Leave fullscreen mode.
*Syntax*:
-------------------------------------------------
-popup_during_fullscreen <ignore|leave_fullscreen>
+popup_during_fullscreen <smart|ignore|leave_fullscreen>
-------------------------------------------------
*Example*:
------------------------------
-popup_during_fullscreen ignore
+popup_during_fullscreen smart
------------------------------
=== Focus wrapping
For instance: Assume you are on workspace "1: www" and switch to "2: IM" using
mod+2 because somebody sent you a message. You don’t need to remember where you
-came from now, you can just press mod+2 again to switch back to "1: www".
+came from now, you can just press $mod+2 again to switch back to "1: www".
*Syntax*:
--------------------------------------
=== Display mode
-You can have i3bar either be visible permanently at one edge of the screen
-(+dock+ mode) or make it show up when you press your modifier key (+hide+
+You can either have i3bar be visible permanently at one edge of the screen
+(+dock+ mode) or make it show up when you press your modifier key (+hide+ mode).
+It is also possible to force i3bar to always stay hidden (+invisible+
mode). The modifier key can be configured using the +modifier+ option.
+The mode option can be changed during runtime through the +bar mode+ command.
+On reload the mode will be reverted to its configured value.
+
The hide mode maximizes screen space that can be used for actual windows. Also,
i3bar sends the +SIGSTOP+ and +SIGCONT+ signals to the statusline process to
save battery power.
-The default is dock mode; in hide mode, the default modifier is Mod4 (usually
-the windows key).
+Invisible mode allows to permanently maximize screen space, as the bar is never
+shown. Thus, you can configure i3bar to not disturb you by popping up because
+of an urgency hint or because the modifier key is pressed.
+
+In order to control whether i3bar is hidden or shown in hide mode, there exists
+the hidden_state option, which has no effect in dock mode or invisible mode. It
+indicates the current hidden_state of the bar: (1) The bar acts like in normal
+hide mode, it is hidden and is only unhidden in case of urgency hints or by
+pressing the modifier key (+hide+ state), or (2) it is drawn on top of the
+currently visible workspace (+show+ state).
+
+Like the mode, the hidden_state can also be controlled through i3, this can be
+done by using the +bar hidden_state+ command.
+
+The default mode is dock mode; in hide mode, the default modifier is Mod4 (usually
+the windows key). The default value for the hidden_state is hide.
*Syntax*:
----------------
-mode <dock|hide>
+mode <dock|hide|invisible>
+hidden_state <hide|show>
modifier <Modifier>
----------------
----------------
bar {
mode hide
+ hidden_state hide
modifier Mod1
}
----------------
Available modifiers are Mod1-Mod5, Shift, Control (see +xmodmap(1)+).
+=== Bar ID
+
+Specifies the bar ID for the configured bar instance. If this option is missing,
+the ID is set to 'bar-x', where x corresponds to the position of the embedding
+bar block in the config file ('bar-0', 'bar-1', ...).
+
+*Syntax*:
+---------------------
+id <bar_id>
+---------------------
+
+*Example*:
+---------------------
+bar {
+ id bar-1
+}
+---------------------
+
[[i3bar_position]]
=== Position
--------------------------------------------------------------
bar {
font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1
- font xft:DejaVu Sans Mono 10
+ font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 10
}
--------------------------------------------------------------
Background color of the bar.
statusline::
Text color to be used for the statusline.
+separator::
+ Text color to be used for the separator.
focused_workspace::
Border, background and text color for a workspace button when the workspace
has focus.
colors {
background <color>
statusline <color>
+ separator <color>
colorclass <border> <background> <text>
}
colors {
background #000000
statusline #ffffff
+ separator #666666
focused_workspace #4c7899 #285577 #ffffff
active_workspace #333333 #5f676a #ffffff
*Example*:
--------------------------------------------------------
-bindsym mod+x move container to workspace 3; workspace 3
+bindsym $mod+x move container to workspace 3; workspace 3
--------------------------------------------------------
[[command_criteria]]
-Furthermore, you can change the scope of a command, that is, which containers
+Furthermore, you can change the scope of a command - that is, which containers
should be affected by that command, by using various criteria. These are
prefixed in square brackets to every command. If you want to kill all windows
which have the class Firefox, use:
*Example*:
------------------------------------
-bindsym mod+x [class="Firefox"] kill
+bindsym $mod+x [class="Firefox"] kill
# same thing, but case-insensitive
-bindsym mod+x [class="(?i)firefox"] kill
+bindsym $mod+x [class="(?i)firefox"] kill
------------------------------------
The criteria which are currently implemented are:
*Example*:
------------------------------
# Start the GIMP
-bindsym mod+g exec gimp
+bindsym $mod+g exec gimp
# Start the terminal emulator urxvt which is not yet startup-notification-aware
-bindsym mod+Return exec --no-startup-id urxvt
+bindsym $mod+Return exec --no-startup-id urxvt
------------------------------
The +--no-startup-id+ parameter disables startup-notification support for this
*Example*:
------------------------------
-bindsym mod+v split vertical
-bindsym mod+h split horizontal
+bindsym $mod+v split vertical
+bindsym $mod+h split horizontal
------------------------------
=== Manipulating layout
-Use +layout toggle split+, +layout stacking+ or +layout tabbed+ to change the
-current container layout to splith/splitv, stacking or tabbed layout,
-respectively.
+Use +layout toggle split+, +layout stacking+, +layout tabbed+, +layout splitv+
+or +layout splith+ to change the current container layout to splith/splitv,
+stacking, tabbed layout, splitv or splith, respectively.
To make the current window (!) fullscreen, use +fullscreen+, to make
it floating (or tiling again) use +floating enable+ respectively +floating disable+
*Syntax*:
--------------
-layout <tabbed|stacking>
+layout <default|tabbed|stacking|splitv|splith>
layout toggle [split|all]
--------------
*Examples*:
--------------
-bindsym mod+s layout stacking
-bindsym mod+l layout toggle split
-bindsym mod+w layout tabbed
+bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
+bindsym $mod+l layout toggle split
+bindsym $mod+w layout tabbed
# Toggle between stacking/tabbed/split:
-bindsym mod+x layout toggle
+bindsym $mod+x layout toggle
# Toggle between stacking/tabbed/splith/splitv:
-bindsym mod+x layout toggle all
+bindsym $mod+x layout toggle all
# Toggle fullscreen
-bindsym mod+f fullscreen
+bindsym $mod+f fullscreen
# Toggle floating/tiling
-bindsym mod+t floating toggle
+bindsym $mod+t floating toggle
--------------
=== Focusing/Moving containers
*Examples*:
----------------------
# Focus container on the left, bottom, top, right:
-bindsym mod+j focus left
-bindsym mod+k focus down
-bindsym mod+l focus up
-bindsym mod+semicolon focus right
+bindsym $mod+j focus left
+bindsym $mod+k focus down
+bindsym $mod+l focus up
+bindsym $mod+semicolon focus right
# Focus parent container
-bindsym mod+u focus parent
+bindsym $mod+u focus parent
# Focus last floating/tiling container
-bindsym mod+g focus mode_toggle
+bindsym $mod+g focus mode_toggle
# Focus the output right to the current one
-bindsym mod+x focus output right
+bindsym $mod+x focus output right
# Focus the big output
-bindsym mod+x focus output HDMI-2
+bindsym $mod+x focus output HDMI-2
# Move container to the left, bottom, top, right:
-bindsym mod+j move left
-bindsym mod+k move down
-bindsym mod+l move up
-bindsym mod+semicolon move right
+bindsym $mod+j move left
+bindsym $mod+k move down
+bindsym $mod+l move up
+bindsym $mod+semicolon move right
# Move container, but make floating containers
# move more than the default
-bindsym mod+j move left 20 px
+bindsym $mod+j move left 20 px
# Move floating container to the center
# of all outputs
-bindsym mod+c move absolute position center
+bindsym $mod+c move absolute position center
----------------------
=== Changing (named) workspaces/moving to workspaces
*Examples*:
-------------------------
-bindsym mod+1 workspace 1
-bindsym mod+2 workspace 2
+bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1
+bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2
...
-bindsym mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1
-bindsym mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2
+bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace 1
+bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace 2
...
# switch between the current and the previously focused one
-bindsym mod+b workspace back_and_forth
-bindsym mod+Shift+b move container to workspace back_and_forth
+bindsym $mod+b workspace back_and_forth
+bindsym $mod+Shift+b move container to workspace back_and_forth
# move the whole workspace to the next output
-bindsym mod+x move workspace to output right
+bindsym $mod+x move workspace to output right
# move firefox to current workspace
-bindsym mod+F1 [class="Firefox"] move workspace current
+bindsym $mod+F1 [class="Firefox"] move workspace current
-------------------------
==== Named workspaces
*Example*:
-------------------------
-bindsym mod+1 workspace mail
+bindsym $mod+1 workspace mail
...
-------------------------
*Example*:
-------------------------
-bindsym mod+1 workspace 1: mail
-bindsym mod+2 workspace 2: www
+bindsym $mod+1 workspace 1: mail
+bindsym $mod+2 workspace 2: www
...
-------------------------
You can rename workspaces. This might be useful to start with the default
numbered workspaces, do your work, and rename the workspaces afterwards to
-reflect what’s actually on them.
+reflect what’s actually on them. You can also omit the old name to rename
+the currently focused workspace. This is handy if you wan't to use the
+rename command with +i3-input+.
*Syntax*:
----------------------------------------------------
rename workspace <old_name> to <new_name>
+rename workspace to <new_name>
----------------------------------------------------
*Examples*:
-------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
i3-msg 'rename workspace 5 to 6'
i3-msg 'rename workspace 1 to "1: www"'
i3-msg 'rename workspace "1: www" to "10: www"'
-------------------------------------------------
+i3-msg 'rename workspace to "2: mail"
+bindsym $mod+r exec i3-input -F 'rename workspace to %s' -P 'New name: '
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+=== Moving workspaces to a different screen
+
+See <<move_to_outputs>> for how to move a container/workspace to a different
+RandR output.
=== Moving containers/workspaces to RandR outputs
--------------------------------------------------------
# Move the current workspace to the next output
# (effectively toggles when you only have two outputs)
-bindsym mod+x move workspace to output right
+bindsym $mod+x move workspace to output right
# Put this window on the presentation output.
-bindsym mod+x move container to output VGA1
+bindsym $mod+x move container to output VGA1
--------------------------------------------------------
[[resizingconfig]]
*Syntax*:
---------------------------------------------------------
-resize <grow|shrink> <direction> [<px> px] [or <ppt> ppt]
+resize <grow|shrink> <direction> [<px> px [or <ppt> ppt]]
---------------------------------------------------------
Direction can either be one of +up+, +down+, +left+ or +right+. Or you can be
}
# Enter resize mode
-bindsym mod+r mode "resize"
+bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
=== Jumping to specific windows
Often when in a multi-monitor environment, you want to quickly jump to a
specific window. For example, while working on workspace 3 you may want to
jump to your mail client to email your boss that you’ve achieved some
-important goal. Instead of figuring out how to navigate to your mailclient,
+important goal. Instead of figuring out how to navigate to your mail client,
it would be more convenient to have a shortcut. You can use the +focus+ command
with criteria for that.
*Examples*:
------------------------------------------------
# Get me to the next open VIM instance
-bindsym mod+a [class="urxvt" title="VIM"] focus
+bindsym $mod+a [class="urxvt" title="VIM"] focus
------------------------------------------------
=== VIM-like marks (mark/goto)
This feature is like the jump feature: It allows you to directly jump to a
specific window (this means switching to the appropriate workspace and setting
focus to the windows). However, you can directly mark a specific window with
-an arbitrary label and use it afterwards. You do not need to ensure that your
-windows have unique classes or titles, and you do not need to change your
-configuration file.
+an arbitrary label and use it afterwards. You can unmark the label in the same
+way, using the unmark command. If you don't specify a label, unmark removes all
+marks. You do not need to ensure that your windows have unique classes or
+titles, and you do not need to change your configuration file.
As the command needs to include the label with which you want to mark the
window, you cannot simply bind it to a key. +i3-input+ is a tool created
------------------------------
mark identifier
[con_mark="identifier"] focus
+unmark identifier
------------------------------
*Example (in a terminal)*:
------------------------------
$ i3-msg mark irssi
$ i3-msg '[con_mark="irssi"] focus'
+$ i3-msg unmark irssi
------------------------------
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*Examples*:
---------------------------------------
# Read 1 character and mark the current window with this character
-bindsym mod+m exec i3-input -p 'mark ' -l 1 -P 'Mark: '
+bindsym $mod+m exec i3-input -p 'mark ' -l 1 -P 'Mark: '
# Read 1 character and go to the window with the character
-bindsym mod+g exec i3-input -p 'goto ' -l 1 -P 'Goto: '
+bindsym $mod+g exec i3-input -p 'goto ' -l 1 -P 'Goto: '
---------------------------------------
Alternatively, if you do not want to mess with +i3-input+, you could create
*Examples*:
----------------------------
-bindsym mod+t border normal
-bindsym mod+y border 1pixel
-bindsym mod+u border none
+bindsym $mod+t border normal
+bindsym $mod+y border 1pixel
+bindsym $mod+u border none
----------------------------
[[stack-limit]]
image:stacklimit.png[Container limited to two columns]
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+[[shmlog]]
+
+=== Enabling shared memory logging
+
+As described in http://i3wm.org/docs/debugging.html, i3 can log to a shared
+memory buffer, which you can dump using +i3-dump-log+. The +shmlog+ command
+allows you to enable or disable the shared memory logging at runtime.
+
+Note that when using +shmlog <size_in_bytes>+, the current log will be
+discarded and a new one will be started.
+
+*Syntax*:
+------------------------------
+shmlog <size_in_bytes>
+shmlog <on|off|toggle>
+------------------------------
+
+*Examples*:
+---------------
+# Enable/disable logging
+bindsym $mod+x shmlog toggle
+
+# or, from a terminal:
+# increase the shared memory log buffer to 50 MiB
+i3-msg shmlog $((50*1024*1024))
+---------------
+
+=== Enabling debug logging
+
+The +debuglog+ command allows you to enable or disable debug logging at
+runtime. Debug logging is much more verbose than non-debug logging. This
+command does not activate shared memory logging (shmlog), and as such is most
+likely useful in combination with the above-described <<shmlog>> command.
+
+*Syntax*:
+------------------------
+debuglog <on|off|toggle>
+------------------------
+
+*Examples*:
+------------------------
+# Enable/disable logging
+bindsym $mod+x debuglog toggle
+------------------------
+
=== Reloading/Restarting/Exiting
You can make i3 reload its configuration file with +reload+. You can also
*Examples*:
----------------------------
-bindsym mod+Shift+r restart
-bindsym mod+Shift+w reload
-bindsym mod+Shift+e exit
+bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
+bindsym $mod+Shift+w reload
+bindsym $mod+Shift+e exit
----------------------------
=== Scratchpad
Instead, when using +scratchpad show+, the window will be shown again, as a
floating window, centered on your current workspace (using +scratchpad show+ on
a visible scratchpad window will make it hidden again, so you can have a
-keybinding to toggle).
+keybinding to toggle). Note that this is just a normal floating window, so if
+you want to "remove it from scratchpad", you can simple make it tiling again
+(+floating toggle+).
As the name indicates, this is useful for having a window with your favorite
editor always at hand. However, you can also use this for other permanently
*Examples*:
------------------------------------------------
# Make the currently focused window a scratchpad
-bindsym mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
+bindsym $mod+Shift+minus move scratchpad
# Show the first scratchpad window
-bindsym mod+minus scratchpad show
+bindsym $mod+minus scratchpad show
# Show the sup-mail scratchpad window, if any.
bindsym mod4+s [title="^Sup ::"] scratchpad show
------------------------------------------------
+=== i3bar control
+
+There are two options in the configuration of each i3bar instance that can be
+changed during runtime by invoking a command through i3. The commands +bar
+hidden_state+ and +bar mode+ allow setting the current hidden_state
+respectively mode option of each bar. It is also possible to toggle between
+hide state and show state as well as between dock mode and hide mode. Each
+i3bar instance can be controlled individually by specifying a bar_id, if none
+is given, the command is executed for all bar instances.
+
+*Syntax*:
+---------------
+bar hidden_state hide|show|toggle [<bar_id>]
+
+bar mode dock|hide|invisible|toggle [<bar_id>]
+---------------
+
+*Examples*:
+------------------------------------------------
+# Toggle between hide state and show state
+bindsym $mod+m bar hidden_state toggle
+
+# Toggle between dock mode and hide mode
+bindsym $mod+n bar mode toggle
+
+# Set the bar instance with id 'bar-1' to switch to hide mode
+bindsym $mod+b bar mode hide bar-1
+
+# Set the bar instance with id 'bar-1' to always stay hidden
+bindsym $mod+Shift+b bar mode invisible bar-1
+------------------------------------------------
+
[[multi_monitor]]
== Multiple monitors