X-Git-Url: https://git.sur5r.net/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=servers%2Fslapd%2Fback-mdb%2Ftools.c;h=a84de6f4c8f4d43ee75c2d49349f984c049cfcf4;hb=42a24a1d2ffa30a176d25860a2f25c09ee209ee7;hp=10e40f706d089cd431d1d4461d49eb7b6a698c10;hpb=81f4d50c77bd3720a0f8f52f586a86561e7667ee;p=openldap
diff --git a/servers/slapd/back-mdb/tools.c b/servers/slapd/back-mdb/tools.c
index 10e40f706d..a84de6f4c8 100644
--- a/servers/slapd/back-mdb/tools.c
+++ b/servers/slapd/back-mdb/tools.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
/* $OpenLDAP$ */
/* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software .
*
- * Copyright 2011-2013 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
+ * Copyright 2011-2014 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ typedef struct mdb_tool_idl_cache {
#define MDB_TOOL_IDL_FLUSH(be, txn)
#endif /* MDB_TOOL_IDL_CACHING */
-static MDB_txn *txn = NULL, *txi = NULL;
+MDB_txn *mdb_tool_txn = NULL;
+
+static MDB_txn *txi = NULL;
static MDB_cursor *cursor = NULL, *idcursor = NULL;
static MDB_cursor *mcp = NULL, *mcd = NULL;
static MDB_val key, data;
@@ -72,10 +74,11 @@ static Filter *tool_filter;
static Entry *tool_next_entry;
static ID mdb_tool_ix_id;
-static Operation *mdb_tool_ix_op;
+static BackendDB *mdb_tool_ix_be;
static MDB_txn *mdb_tool_ix_txn;
static int mdb_tool_index_tcount, mdb_tool_threads;
static IndexRec *mdb_tool_index_rec;
+static AttrIxInfo **mdb_tool_axinfo;
static struct mdb_info *mdb_tool_info;
static ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_t mdb_tool_index_mutex;
static ldap_pvt_thread_cond_t mdb_tool_index_cond_main;
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@ int mdb_tool_entry_open(
else
mdb_writes_per_commit = 1;
+#ifdef MDB_TOOL_IDL_CACHING /* threaded indexing has no performance advantage */
/* Set up for threaded slapindex */
if (( slapMode & (SLAP_TOOL_QUICK|SLAP_TOOL_READONLY)) == SLAP_TOOL_QUICK ) {
if ( !mdb_tool_info ) {
@@ -114,12 +118,16 @@ int mdb_tool_entry_open(
ldap_pvt_thread_cond_init( &mdb_tool_index_cond_work );
if ( mdb->mi_nattrs ) {
int i;
-#if 0 /* threaded indexing has no performance advantage */
mdb_tool_threads = slap_tool_thread_max - 1;
-#endif
if ( mdb_tool_threads > 1 ) {
mdb_tool_index_rec = ch_calloc( mdb->mi_nattrs, sizeof( IndexRec ));
+ mdb_tool_axinfo = ch_calloc( mdb_tool_threads, sizeof( AttrIxInfo* ) +
+ sizeof( AttrIxInfo ));
+ mdb_tool_axinfo[0] = (AttrIxInfo *)(mdb_tool_axinfo + mdb_tool_threads);
+ for (i=1; iai_clist)) {
+ mdb_tool_axinfo[i]->ai_clist = ic->head;
+ free(ic);
+ }
+ while ((ice = mdb_tool_axinfo[i]->ai_flist)) {
+ mdb_tool_axinfo[i]->ai_flist = ice->next;
+ free(ice);
+ }
+ }
}
+#endif
if( idcursor ) {
mdb_cursor_close( idcursor );
@@ -172,17 +198,16 @@ int mdb_tool_entry_close(
mdb_cursor_close( cursor );
cursor = NULL;
}
- if( txn ) {
+ if( mdb_tool_txn ) {
int rc;
- MDB_TOOL_IDL_FLUSH( be, txn );
- if (( rc = mdb_txn_commit( txn ))) {
+ if (( rc = mdb_txn_commit( mdb_tool_txn ))) {
Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
LDAP_XSTRING(mdb_tool_entry_close) ": database %s: "
"txn_commit failed: %s (%d)\n",
be->be_suffix[0].bv_val, mdb_strerror(rc), rc );
return -1;
}
- txn = NULL;
+ mdb_tool_txn = NULL;
}
if( nholes ) {
@@ -226,13 +251,13 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_next(
mdb = (struct mdb_info *) be->be_private;
assert( mdb != NULL );
- if ( !txn ) {
- rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn );
+ if ( !mdb_tool_txn ) {
+ rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &mdb_tool_txn );
if ( rc )
return NOID;
- rc = mdb_cursor_open( txn, mdb->mi_id2entry, &cursor );
+ rc = mdb_cursor_open( mdb_tool_txn, mdb->mi_id2entry, &cursor );
if ( rc ) {
- mdb_txn_abort( txn );
+ mdb_txn_abort( mdb_tool_txn );
return NOID;
}
}
@@ -298,9 +323,9 @@ ID mdb_tool_dn2id_get(
mdb = (struct mdb_info *) be->be_private;
- if ( !txn ) {
+ if ( !mdb_tool_txn ) {
rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, (slapMode & SLAP_TOOL_READONLY) != 0 ?
- MDB_RDONLY : 0, &txn );
+ MDB_RDONLY : 0, &mdb_tool_txn );
if ( rc )
return NOID;
}
@@ -310,7 +335,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_dn2id_get(
op.o_tmpmemctx = NULL;
op.o_tmpmfuncs = &ch_mfuncs;
- rc = mdb_dn2id( &op, txn, NULL, dn, &id, NULL, NULL, NULL );
+ rc = mdb_dn2id( &op, mdb_tool_txn, NULL, dn, &id, NULL, NULL, NULL );
if ( rc == MDB_NOTFOUND )
return NOID;
@@ -355,7 +380,7 @@ mdb_tool_entry_get_int( BackendDB *be, ID id, Entry **ep )
op.o_tmpmemctx = NULL;
op.o_tmpmfuncs = &ch_mfuncs;
if ( slapMode & SLAP_TOOL_READONLY ) {
- rc = mdb_id2name( &op, txn, &idcursor, id, &dn, &ndn );
+ rc = mdb_id2name( &op, mdb_tool_txn, &idcursor, id, &dn, &ndn );
if ( rc ) {
rc = LDAP_OTHER;
if ( e ) {
@@ -373,7 +398,7 @@ mdb_tool_entry_get_int( BackendDB *be, ID id, Entry **ep )
}
}
}
- rc = mdb_entry_decode( &op, &data, &e );
+ rc = mdb_entry_decode( &op, mdb_tool_txn, &data, &e );
e->e_id = id;
if ( !BER_BVISNULL( &dn )) {
e->e_name = dn;
@@ -397,19 +422,19 @@ mdb_tool_entry_get( BackendDB *be, ID id )
Entry *e = NULL;
int rc;
- if ( !txn ) {
+ if ( !mdb_tool_txn ) {
struct mdb_info *mdb = (struct mdb_info *) be->be_private;
rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL,
- (slapMode & SLAP_TOOL_READONLY) ? MDB_RDONLY : 0, &txn );
+ (slapMode & SLAP_TOOL_READONLY) ? MDB_RDONLY : 0, &mdb_tool_txn );
if ( rc )
return NULL;
}
if ( !cursor ) {
struct mdb_info *mdb = (struct mdb_info *) be->be_private;
- rc = mdb_cursor_open( txn, mdb->mi_id2entry, &cursor );
+ rc = mdb_cursor_open( mdb_tool_txn, mdb->mi_id2entry, &cursor );
if ( rc ) {
- mdb_txn_abort( txn );
- txn = NULL;
+ mdb_txn_abort( mdb_tool_txn );
+ mdb_tool_txn = NULL;
return NULL;
}
}
@@ -471,7 +496,7 @@ static int mdb_tool_next_id(
"=> mdb_tool_next_id: %s\n", text->bv_val, 0, 0 );
return rc;
}
- rc = mdb_dn2id_add( op, mcp, mcd, pid, 1, e );
+ rc = mdb_dn2id_add( op, mcp, mcd, pid, 1, 1, e );
if ( rc ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"dn2id_add failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -561,7 +586,6 @@ mdb_tool_index_add(
return rc;
}
mdb_tool_ix_id = e->e_id;
- mdb_tool_ix_op = op;
mdb_tool_ix_txn = txn;
ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_lock( &mdb_tool_index_mutex );
/* Wait for all threads to be ready */
@@ -573,33 +597,37 @@ mdb_tool_index_add(
for ( i=1; ie_id, 0 );
- if ( rc )
- return rc;
- ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_lock( &mdb_tool_index_mutex );
- for ( i=1; ie_id, 0 );
} else
{
return mdb_index_entry_add( op, txn, e );
}
}
+static int
+mdb_tool_index_finish()
+{
+ int i, rc;
+ ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_lock( &mdb_tool_index_mutex );
+ for ( i=1; ibe_private;
- if ( !txn ) {
- rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, 0, &txn );
+ if ( !mdb_tool_txn ) {
+ rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, 0, &mdb_tool_txn );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"txn_begin failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -633,7 +661,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_put(
text->bv_val, 0, 0 );
return NOID;
}
- rc = mdb_cursor_open( txn, mdb->mi_id2entry, &idcursor );
+ rc = mdb_cursor_open( mdb_tool_txn, mdb->mi_id2entry, &idcursor );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"cursor_open failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -647,7 +675,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_put(
ID dummy;
mdb_next_id( be, idcursor, &dummy );
}
- rc = mdb_cursor_open( txn, mdb->mi_dn2id, &mcp );
+ rc = mdb_cursor_open( mdb_tool_txn, mdb->mi_dn2id, &mcp );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"cursor_open failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -657,7 +685,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_put(
text->bv_val, 0, 0 );
return NOID;
}
- rc = mdb_cursor_open( txn, mdb->mi_dn2id, &mcd );
+ rc = mdb_cursor_open( mdb_tool_txn, mdb->mi_dn2id, &mcd );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"cursor_open failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -675,12 +703,15 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_put(
op.o_tmpmfuncs = &ch_mfuncs;
/* add dn2id indices */
- rc = mdb_tool_next_id( &op, txn, e, text, 0 );
+ rc = mdb_tool_next_id( &op, mdb_tool_txn, e, text, 0 );
if( rc != 0 ) {
goto done;
}
- rc = mdb_tool_index_add( &op, txn, e );
+ if ( mdb_tool_threads > 1 ) {
+ LDAP_SLIST_INSERT_HEAD( &op.o_extra, &mdb_tool_axinfo[0]->ai_oe, oe_next );
+ }
+ rc = mdb_tool_index_add( &op, mdb_tool_txn, e );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"index_entry_add failed: err=%d", rc );
@@ -692,7 +723,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_put(
/* id2entry index */
- rc = mdb_id2entry_add( &op, txn, idcursor, e );
+ rc = mdb_id2entry_add( &op, mdb_tool_txn, idcursor, e );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"id2entry_add failed: err=%d", rc );
@@ -702,17 +733,20 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_put(
goto done;
}
+ if( mdb->mi_nattrs && mdb_tool_threads > 1 )
+ rc = mdb_tool_index_finish();
+
done:
if( rc == 0 ) {
mdb_writes++;
if ( mdb_writes >= mdb_writes_per_commit ) {
unsigned i;
- MDB_TOOL_IDL_FLUSH( be, txn );
- rc = mdb_txn_commit( txn );
+ MDB_TOOL_IDL_FLUSH( be, mdb_tool_txn );
+ rc = mdb_txn_commit( mdb_tool_txn );
for ( i=0; imi_nattrs; i++ )
mdb->mi_attrs[i]->ai_cursor = NULL;
mdb_writes = 0;
- txn = NULL;
+ mdb_tool_txn = NULL;
idcursor = NULL;
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
@@ -727,8 +761,8 @@ done:
} else {
unsigned i;
- mdb_txn_abort( txn );
- txn = NULL;
+ mdb_txn_abort( mdb_tool_txn );
+ mdb_tool_txn = NULL;
idcursor = NULL;
for ( i=0; imi_nattrs; i++ )
mdb->mi_attrs[i]->ai_cursor = NULL;
@@ -894,10 +928,10 @@ done:
mdb_cursor_close( cursor );
txi = NULL;
/* Must close the read txn to allow old pages to be reclaimed. */
- mdb_txn_abort( txn );
+ mdb_txn_abort( mdb_tool_txn );
/* and then reopen it so that tool_entry_next still works. */
- mdb_txn_begin( mi->mi_dbenv, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn );
- mdb_cursor_open( txn, mi->mi_id2entry, &cursor );
+ mdb_txn_begin( mi->mi_dbenv, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &mdb_tool_txn );
+ mdb_cursor_open( mdb_tool_txn, mi->mi_id2entry, &cursor );
key.mv_data = &id;
key.mv_size = sizeof(ID);
mdb_cursor_get( cursor, &key, NULL, MDB_SET );
@@ -952,8 +986,8 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_modify(
mdb_cursor_close( cursor );
cursor = NULL;
}
- if ( !txn ) {
- rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, 0, &txn );
+ if ( !mdb_tool_txn ) {
+ rc = mdb_txn_begin( mdb->mi_dbenv, NULL, 0, &mdb_tool_txn );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"txn_begin failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -971,7 +1005,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_modify(
op.o_tmpmfuncs = &ch_mfuncs;
/* id2entry index */
- rc = mdb_id2entry_update( &op, txn, NULL, e );
+ rc = mdb_id2entry_update( &op, mdb_tool_txn, NULL, e );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"id2entry_update failed: err=%d", rc );
@@ -983,7 +1017,7 @@ ID mdb_tool_entry_modify(
done:
if( rc == 0 ) {
- rc = mdb_txn_commit( txn );
+ rc = mdb_txn_commit( mdb_tool_txn );
if( rc != 0 ) {
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"txn_commit failed: %s (%d)",
@@ -995,7 +1029,7 @@ done:
}
} else {
- mdb_txn_abort( txn );
+ mdb_txn_abort( mdb_tool_txn );
snprintf( text->bv_val, text->bv_len,
"txn_aborted! %s (%d)",
mdb_strerror(rc), rc );
@@ -1004,7 +1038,7 @@ done:
text->bv_val, 0, 0 );
e->e_id = NOID;
}
- txn = NULL;
+ mdb_tool_txn = NULL;
idcursor = NULL;
return e->e_id;
@@ -1014,8 +1048,18 @@ static void *
mdb_tool_index_task( void *ctx, void *ptr )
{
int base = *(int *)ptr;
+ Operation op = {0};
+ Opheader ohdr = {0};
+ AttrIxInfo ai = {0}, *aio;
free( ptr );
+ op.o_hdr = &ohdr;
+ op.o_bd = mdb_tool_ix_be;
+ op.o_tmpmemctx = NULL;
+ op.o_tmpmfuncs = &ch_mfuncs;
+ aio = mdb_tool_axinfo[base];
+ mdb_tool_axinfo[base] = &ai;
+ LDAP_SLIST_INSERT_HEAD( &op.o_extra, &ai.ai_oe, oe_next );
while ( 1 ) {
ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_lock( &mdb_tool_index_mutex );
mdb_tool_index_tcount--;
@@ -1027,11 +1071,13 @@ mdb_tool_index_task( void *ctx, void *ptr )
mdb_tool_index_tcount--;
if ( !mdb_tool_index_tcount )
ldap_pvt_thread_cond_signal( &mdb_tool_index_cond_main );
+ *aio = ai;
+ mdb_tool_axinfo[base] = aio;
ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_unlock( &mdb_tool_index_mutex );
break;
}
ldap_pvt_thread_mutex_unlock( &mdb_tool_index_mutex );
- mdb_tool_index_rec[base].ir_i = mdb_index_recrun( mdb_tool_ix_op,
+ mdb_tool_index_rec[base].ir_i = mdb_index_recrun( &op,
mdb_tool_ix_txn,
mdb_tool_info, mdb_tool_index_rec, mdb_tool_ix_id, base );
}
@@ -1051,7 +1097,7 @@ mdb_tool_idl_cmp( const void *v1, const void *v2 )
}
static int
-mdb_tool_idl_flush_one( MDB_cursor *mc, AttrInfo *ai, mdb_tool_idl_cache *ic )
+mdb_tool_idl_flush_one( MDB_cursor *mc, AttrIxInfo *ai, mdb_tool_idl_cache *ic )
{
mdb_tool_idl_cache_entry *ice;
MDB_val key, data[2];
@@ -1115,25 +1161,19 @@ mdb_tool_idl_flush_one( MDB_cursor *mc, AttrInfo *ai, mdb_tool_idl_cache *ic )
data[0].mv_size = sizeof(ID);
rc = 0;
- i = ic->offset;
for ( ice = ic->head, n=0; ice; ice = ice->next, n++ ) {
int end;
if ( ice->next ) {
end = IDBLOCK;
} else {
- end = ic->count & (IDBLOCK-1);
+ end = (ic->count-ic->offset) & (IDBLOCK-1);
if ( !end )
end = IDBLOCK;
}
- data[1].mv_size = end - i;
- data[0].mv_data = &ice->ids[i];
- i = 0;
- rc = mdb_cursor_put( mc, &key, data, MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_APPEND|MDB_MULTIPLE );
+ data[1].mv_size = end;
+ data[0].mv_data = ice->ids;
+ rc = mdb_cursor_put( mc, &key, data, MDB_APPENDDUP|MDB_MULTIPLE );
if ( rc ) {
- if ( rc == MDB_KEYEXIST ) {
- rc = 0;
- continue;
- }
rc = -1;
break;
}
@@ -1149,7 +1189,7 @@ mdb_tool_idl_flush_one( MDB_cursor *mc, AttrInfo *ai, mdb_tool_idl_cache *ic )
}
static int
-mdb_tool_idl_flush_db( MDB_txn *txn, AttrInfo *ai )
+mdb_tool_idl_flush_db( MDB_txn *txn, AttrInfo *ai, AttrIxInfo *ax )
{
MDB_cursor *mc;
Avlnode *root;
@@ -1158,7 +1198,7 @@ mdb_tool_idl_flush_db( MDB_txn *txn, AttrInfo *ai )
mdb_cursor_open( txn, ai->ai_dbi, &mc );
root = tavl_end( ai->ai_root, TAVL_DIR_LEFT );
do {
- rc = mdb_tool_idl_flush_one( mc, ai, root->avl_data );
+ rc = mdb_tool_idl_flush_one( mc, ax, root->avl_data );
if ( rc != -1 )
rc = 0;
} while ((root = tavl_next(root, TAVL_DIR_RIGHT)));
@@ -1176,7 +1216,7 @@ mdb_tool_idl_flush( BackendDB *be, MDB_txn *txn )
for ( i=0; i < mdb->mi_nattrs; i++ ) {
if ( !mdb->mi_attrs[i]->ai_root ) continue;
- rc = mdb_tool_idl_flush_db( txn, mdb->mi_attrs[i] );
+ rc = mdb_tool_idl_flush_db( txn, mdb->mi_attrs[i], mdb_tool_axinfo[i % mdb_tool_threads] );
tavl_free(mdb->mi_attrs[i]->ai_root, NULL);
mdb->mi_attrs[i]->ai_root = NULL;
if ( rc )
@@ -1195,7 +1235,8 @@ int mdb_tool_idl_add(
mdb_tool_idl_cache *ic, itmp;
mdb_tool_idl_cache_entry *ice;
int i, rc, lcount;
- AttrInfo *ai = (AttrInfo *)mc;
+ AttrIxInfo *ax = (AttrIxInfo *)mc;
+ AttrInfo *ai = (AttrInfo *)ax->ai_ai;
mc = ai->ai_cursor;
dbi = ai->ai_dbi;
@@ -1209,9 +1250,9 @@ int mdb_tool_idl_add(
ID nid;
int rc;
- if ( ai->ai_clist ) {
- ic = ai->ai_clist;
- ai->ai_clist = ic->head;
+ if ( ax->ai_clist ) {
+ ic = ax->ai_clist;
+ ax->ai_clist = ic->head;
} else {
ic = ch_malloc( sizeof( mdb_tool_idl_cache ) + itmp.kstr.bv_len + 4 );
}
@@ -1253,8 +1294,8 @@ int mdb_tool_idl_add(
/* Are we at the limit, and converting to a range? */
} else if ( ic->count == MDB_IDL_DB_SIZE ) {
if ( ic->head ) {
- ic->tail->next = ai->ai_flist;
- ai->ai_flist = ic->head;
+ ic->tail->next = ax->ai_flist;
+ ax->ai_flist = ic->head;
}
ic->head = ic->tail = NULL;
ic->last = id;
@@ -1262,11 +1303,11 @@ int mdb_tool_idl_add(
continue;
}
/* No free block, create that too */
- lcount = ic->count & (IDBLOCK-1);
+ lcount = (ic->count-ic->offset) & (IDBLOCK-1);
if ( !ic->tail || lcount == 0) {
- if ( ai->ai_flist ) {
- ice = ai->ai_flist;
- ai->ai_flist = ice->next;
+ if ( ax->ai_flist ) {
+ ice = ax->ai_flist;
+ ax->ai_flist = ice->next;
} else {
ice = ch_malloc( sizeof( mdb_tool_idl_cache_entry ));
}
@@ -1283,9 +1324,10 @@ int mdb_tool_idl_add(
ic->first = id;
}
ice = ic->tail;
- if (!lcount || ice->ids[lcount-1] != id)
+ if (!lcount || ice->ids[lcount-1] != id) {
ice->ids[lcount] = id;
- ic->count++;
+ ic->count++;
+ }
}
return 0;
@@ -1381,7 +1423,7 @@ mdb_dn2id_upgrade( BackendDB *be ) {
if (dkids > 1) {
rc = mdb_cursor_get(mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT_DUP);
down:
- ptr = data.mv_data + data.mv_size - sizeof(ID);
+ ptr = (unsigned char *)data.mv_data + data.mv_size - sizeof(ID);
memcpy(&id, ptr, sizeof(ID));
depth++;
memcpy(stack[depth].rdn, data.mv_data, data.mv_size);
@@ -1407,7 +1449,7 @@ pop:
goto leave;
}
data.mv_data = stack[depth].rdn;
- ptr = data.mv_data + data.mv_size;
+ ptr = (unsigned char *)data.mv_data + data.mv_size;
memcpy(ptr, &num[depth], sizeof(ID));
data.mv_size += sizeof(ID);
rc = mdb_cursor_del(mc, 0);