*/
 int arm7_9_setup(target_t *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        return arm7_9_clear_watchpoints(arm7_9);
 }
  */
 int arm7_9_get_arch_pointers(target_t *target, armv4_5_common_t **armv4_5_p, arm7_9_common_t **arm7_9_p)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
 
+       /* FIXME stop using this routine; just target_to_arm7_9() and
+        * verify the resulting pointer using a replacement routine
+        * that emits a usage message.
+        */
        if (armv4_5->common_magic != ARMV4_5_COMMON_MAGIC)
-       {
-               return -1;
-       }
+               return ERROR_TARGET_INVALID;
 
        if (arm7_9->common_magic != ARM7_9_COMMON_MAGIC)
-       {
-               return -1;
-       }
+               return ERROR_TARGET_INVALID;
 
        *armv4_5_p = armv4_5;
        *arm7_9_p = arm7_9;
  */
 int arm7_9_set_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
        LOG_DEBUG("BPID: %d, Address: 0x%08" PRIx32 ", Type: %d" ,
 int arm7_9_unset_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        LOG_DEBUG("BPID: %d, Address: 0x%08" PRIx32,
                          breakpoint->unique_id,
  */
 int arm7_9_add_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
        {
 int arm7_9_remove_breakpoint(struct target_s *target, breakpoint_t *breakpoint)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        if ((retval = arm7_9_unset_breakpoint(target, breakpoint)) != ERROR_OK)
        {
 int arm7_9_set_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        int rw_mask = 1;
        uint32_t mask;
 
 int arm7_9_unset_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
        {
  */
 int arm7_9_add_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
        {
 int arm7_9_remove_watchpoint(struct target_s *target, watchpoint_t *watchpoint)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        if (watchpoint->set)
        {
 int arm7_9_execute_sys_speed(struct target_s *target)
 {
        int retval;
-
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        arm_jtag_t *jtag_info = &arm7_9->jtag_info;
        reg_t *dbg_stat = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_STAT];
 
        static int set = 0;
        static uint8_t check_value[4], check_mask[4];
 
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        arm_jtag_t *jtag_info = &arm7_9->jtag_info;
        reg_t *dbg_stat = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_STAT];
 
  */
 int arm7_9_target_request_data(target_t *target, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        arm_jtag_t *jtag_info = &arm7_9->jtag_info;
        uint32_t *data;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        target_t *target = priv;
        if (!target_was_examined(target))
                return ERROR_OK;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        arm_jtag_t *jtag_info = &arm7_9->jtag_info;
        reg_t *dcc_control = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_COMMS_CTRL];
 
 int arm7_9_poll(target_t *target)
 {
        int retval;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        reg_t *dbg_stat = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_STAT];
 
        /* read debug status register */
  */
 int arm7_9_assert_reset(target_t *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+
        LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s",
                  target_state_name(target));
 
  */
 int arm7_9_clear_halt(target_t *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        reg_t *dbg_ctrl = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_CTRL];
 
        /* we used DBGRQ only if we didn't come out of reset */
  */
 int arm7_9_soft_reset_halt(struct target_s *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        reg_t *dbg_stat = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_STAT];
        reg_t *dbg_ctrl = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_CTRL];
        int i;
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
 
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        reg_t *dbg_ctrl = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_CTRL];
 
        LOG_DEBUG("target->state: %s",
        uint32_t r0_thumb, pc_thumb;
        uint32_t cpsr;
        int retval;
-       /* get pointers to arch-specific information */
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        reg_t *dbg_stat = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_STAT];
        reg_t *dbg_ctrl = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_CTRL];
 
 {
        int i;
        int retval;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
 
        LOG_DEBUG("-");
 
  */
 int arm7_9_restore_context(target_t *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        reg_t *reg;
        armv4_5_core_reg_t *reg_arch_info;
        enum armv4_5_mode current_mode = armv4_5->core_mode;
  */
 int arm7_9_restart_core(struct target_s *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        arm_jtag_t *jtag_info = &arm7_9->jtag_info;
 
        /* set RESTART instruction */
 
 int arm7_9_resume(struct target_s *target, int current, uint32_t address, int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        breakpoint_t *breakpoint = target->breakpoints;
        reg_t *dbg_ctrl = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_CTRL];
        int err, retval = ERROR_OK;
 
 void arm7_9_enable_eice_step(target_t *target, uint32_t next_pc)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
-
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        uint32_t current_pc;
        current_pc = buf_get_u32(armv4_5->core_cache->reg_list[15].value, 0, 32);
 
 
 void arm7_9_disable_eice_step(target_t *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        embeddedice_store_reg(&arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_W0_ADDR_MASK]);
        embeddedice_store_reg(&arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_W0_DATA_MASK]);
 
 int arm7_9_step(struct target_s *target, int current, uint32_t address, int handle_breakpoints)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        breakpoint_t *breakpoint = NULL;
        int err, retval;
 
        uint32_t* reg_p[16];
        uint32_t value;
        int retval;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
 
        if (armv4_5_mode_to_number(armv4_5->core_mode)==-1)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 int arm7_9_write_core_reg(struct target_s *target, int num, enum armv4_5_mode mode, uint32_t value)
 {
        uint32_t reg[16];
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
 
        if (armv4_5_mode_to_number(armv4_5->core_mode)==-1)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
 int arm7_9_read_memory(struct target_s *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
-
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        uint32_t reg[16];
        uint32_t num_accesses = 0;
        int thisrun_accesses;
 
 int arm7_9_write_memory(struct target_s *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = &arm7_9->armv4_5_common;
        reg_t *dbg_ctrl = &arm7_9->eice_cache->reg_list[EICE_DBG_CTRL];
 
        uint32_t reg[16];
 static int arm7_9_dcc_completion(struct target_s *target, uint32_t exit_point, int timeout_ms, void *arch_info)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
 
        if ((retval = target_wait_state(target, TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING, 500)) != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 int arm7_9_bulk_write_memory(target_t *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
        int retval;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
-       arm7_9_common_t *arm7_9 = armv4_5->arch_info;
+       struct arm7_9_common_s *arm7_9 = target_to_arm7_9(target);
        int i;
 
        if (!arm7_9->dcc_downloads)
 
 {
        armv4_5_core_reg_t *armv4_5 = reg->arch_info;
        target_t *target = armv4_5->target;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5_target = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5_target = target_to_armv4_5(target);
        uint32_t value = buf_get_u32(buf, 0, 32);
 
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
 
 int armv4_5_invalidate_core_regs(target_t *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
        int i;
 
        for (i = 0; i < 37; i++)
 
 int armv4_5_arch_state(struct target_s *target)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
 
        if (armv4_5->common_magic != ARMV4_5_COMMON_MAGIC)
        {
        int output_len;
        int mode, num;
        target_t *target = get_current_target(cmd_ctx);
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
 
        if (armv4_5->common_magic != ARMV4_5_COMMON_MAGIC)
        {
 int handle_armv4_5_core_state_command(struct command_context_s *cmd_ctx, char *cmd, char **args, int argc)
 {
        target_t *target = get_current_target(cmd_ctx);
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
 
        if (armv4_5->common_magic != ARMV4_5_COMMON_MAGIC)
        {
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        target_t *target = get_current_target(cmd_ctx);
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
        uint32_t address;
        int count = 1;
        int i;
 
 int armv4_5_get_gdb_reg_list(target_t *target, reg_t **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size)
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
        int i;
 
        if (armv4_5_mode_to_number(armv4_5->core_mode)==-1)
 static int armv4_5_run_algorithm_completion(struct target_s *target, uint32_t exit_point, int timeout_ms, void *arch_info)
 {
        int retval;
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
 
        if ((retval = target_wait_state(target, TARGET_HALTED, timeout_ms)) != ERROR_OK)
        {
 
 int armv4_5_run_algorithm_inner(struct target_s *target, int num_mem_params, mem_param_t *mem_params, int num_reg_params, reg_param_t *reg_params, uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point, int timeout_ms, void *arch_info, int (*run_it)(struct target_s *target, uint32_t exit_point, int timeout_ms, void *arch_info))
 {
-       armv4_5_common_t *armv4_5 = target->arch_info;
+       struct armv4_5_common_s *armv4_5 = target_to_armv4_5(target);
        armv4_5_algorithm_t *armv4_5_algorithm_info = arch_info;
        enum armv4_5_state core_state = armv4_5->core_state;
        enum armv4_5_mode core_mode = armv4_5->core_mode;