static void            split(char *line, int splitchar, char **left, char **right);
 static void            access_append(Access **l, Access *a);
-static void            acl_usage(void) LDAP_GCCATTR((noreturn));
+static int             acl_usage(void);
 
 static void            acl_regex_normalized_dn(const char *src, struct berval *pat);
 
                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                "%s: line %d: dynacl \"%s\" already specified.\n",
                                fname, lineno, name );
-                       acl_usage();
+                       return acl_usage();
                }
        }
 
                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                        "%s: line %d: regular expression \"%s\" too large\n",
                        fname, lineno, pat );
-               acl_usage();
+               (void)acl_usage();
+               exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
        }
 
        if ((e = regcomp(&re, buf, REG_EXTENDED|REG_ICASE))) {
                        "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                        fname, lineno, buf );
                acl_usage();
+               exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
        }
        regfree(&re);
 }
        return ACL_SCOPE_UNKNOWN;
 }
 
-void
+int
 parse_acl(
-    Backend    *be,
-    const char *fname,
-    int                lineno,
-    int                argc,
-    char       **argv,
+       Backend *be,
+       const char      *fname,
+       int             lineno,
+       int             argc,
+       char            **argv,
        int             pos )
 {
        int             i;
                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                        "only one to clause allowed in access line\n",
                                    fname, lineno, 0 );
-                               acl_usage();
+                               return acl_usage();
                        }
                        a = (AccessControl *) ch_calloc( 1, sizeof(AccessControl) );
                        for ( ++i; i < argc; i++ ) {
                                                        "%s: line %d: dn pattern"
                                                        " already specified in to clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        ber_str2bv( "*", STRLENOF( "*" ), 1, &a->acl_dn_pat );
                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                "missing \"=\" in \"%s\" in to clause\n",
                                            fname, lineno, left );
-                                       acl_usage();
+                                       return acl_usage();
                                }
 
                                if ( strcasecmp( left, "dn" ) == 0 ) {
                                                        "%s: line %d: dn pattern"
                                                        " already specified in to clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( style == NULL || *style == '\0' ||
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "unknown dn style \"%s\" in to clause\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        continue;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                "%s: line %d: bad filter \"%s\" in to clause\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                } else if ( strcasecmp( left, "attr" ) == 0             /* TOLERATED */
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                "%s: line %d: unknown attr \"%s\" in to clause\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                } else if ( strncasecmp( left, "val", 3 ) == 0 ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                "%s: line %d: attr val already specified in to clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                        if ( a->acl_attrs == NULL || !BER_BVISEMPTY( &a->acl_attrs[1].an_name ) )
                                        {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                "%s: line %d: attr val requires a single attribute.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        ber_str2bv( right, 0, 1, &a->acl_attrval );
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                                "invalid matching rule \"%s\".\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, mr );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
 
                                                if( !mr_usable_with_at( a->acl_attrval_mr, a->acl_attrs[ 0 ].an_desc->ad_type ) )
 
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                        }
                                        
 
                                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                               acl_usage();
+                                                               return acl_usage();
                                                        }
                                                        a->acl_attrval_style = ACL_STYLE_REGEX;
 
                                                                                "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                                       return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
                                                                        a->acl_attrval_style = ACL_STYLE_BASE;
                                                                }
                                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, 
                                                                                "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                                }
                                                                ber_memfree( bv.bv_val );
 
                                                                        "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                                                               acl_usage();
+                                                               return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
                                                                a->acl_attrval_style = ACL_STYLE_BASE;
                                                        }
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                                "attr \"%s\" must have an EQUALITY matching rule.\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, a->acl_attrs[ 0 ].an_name.bv_val );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                        }
 
                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                "%s: line %d: expecting <what> got \"%s\"\n",
                                            fname, lineno, left );
-                                       acl_usage();
+                                       return acl_usage();
                                }
                        }
 
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: bad DN \"%s\" in to DN clause\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, a->acl_dn_pat.bv_val );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                        free( a->acl_dn_pat.bv_val );
                                        a->acl_dn_pat = bv;
                                                        right, err );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                        "to clause required before by clause in access line\n",
                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                               acl_usage();
+                               return acl_usage();
                        }
 
                        /*
                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                        "%s: line %d: premature EOL: expecting <who>\n",
                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                               acl_usage();
+                               return acl_usage();
                        }
 
                        /* get <who> */
                                                                        "%s: line %d: premature eol: "
                                                                        "expecting closing '}' in \"level{n}\"\n",
                                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                                               acl_usage();
+                                                               return acl_usage();
                                                        } else if ( p == style_level ) {
                                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                        "%s: line %d: empty level "
                                                                        "in \"level{n}\"\n",
                                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                                               acl_usage();
+                                                               return acl_usage();
                                                        }
                                                        p[0] = '\0';
                                                }
                                                        "%s: line %d: unable to parse level "
                                                        "in \"level{n}\"\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        sty = ACL_STYLE_LEVEL;
                                                SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_IGNORED ".\n",
                                                fname, lineno, 0 );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                                       acl_usage();
+                                       return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
 #endif /* LDAP_PF_LOCAL */
 
                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                "%s: line %d: unknown style \"%s\" in by clause\n",
                                                fname, lineno, style );
-                                       acl_usage();
+                                       return acl_usage();
                                }
 
                                if ( style_modifier &&
                                                        SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_IGNORED ".\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
                                                break;
 
                                                SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_IGNORED ".\n",
                                                fname, lineno, 0 );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
                                }
 
 
                                if ( strcasecmp( left, "*" ) == 0 ) {
                                        if ( is_realdn ) {
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        ber_str2bv( "*", STRLENOF( "*" ), 1, &bv );
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
 
                                        } else {
                                                ber_str2bv( right, 0, 1, &bv );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: dn pattern already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( sty != ACL_STYLE_REGEX &&
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                "%s: line %d: bad DN \"%s\" in by DN clause\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, bv.bv_val );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                                free( bv.bv_val );
                                                if ( sty == ACL_STYLE_BASE
                                                                SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_IGNORED ".\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, 0 );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
                                                } 
                                        }
                                                                "%s: line %d: bad negative level \"%d\" "
                                                                "in by DN clause\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, level );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                } else if ( level == 1 ) {
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                "%s: line %d: \"onelevel\" should be used "
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if( bdn->a_at != NULL ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: dnattr already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        rc = slap_str2ad( right, &bdn->a_at, &text );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
 
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if( bdn->a_at->ad_type->sat_equality == NULL ) {
                                                        "%s: line %d: dnattr \"%s\": "
                                                        "inappropriate matching (no EQUALITY)\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        continue;
                                                        "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || right[0] == '\0' ) {
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !BER_BVISEMPTY( &b->a_group_pat ) ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: group pattern already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        /* format of string is
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                "%s: line %d: bad DN \"%s\".\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, right );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                        }
 
                                                                "%s: line %d: group objectclass "
                                                                "\"%s\" unknown.\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, value );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
 
                                        } else {
                                                                "%s: line %d: group default objectclass "
                                                                "\"%s\" unknown.\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, SLAPD_GROUP_CLASS );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                        }
 
                                                        "%s: line %d: group objectclass \"%s\" "
                                                        "is subclass of referral.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, value );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( is_object_subclass( slap_schema.si_oc_alias,
                                                        "%s: line %d: group objectclass \"%s\" "
                                                        "is subclass of alias.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, value );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( name && *name ) {
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                                *--name = '/';
 
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                        }
 
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
 
                                                                b->a_group_oc->soc_oid );
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || right[0] == '\0' ) {
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !BER_BVISEMPTY( &b->a_peername_pat ) ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "peername pattern already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_peername_style = sty;
                                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                                        "illegal peername address \"%s\".\n",
                                                                        fname, lineno, addr );
-                                                               acl_usage();
+                                                               return acl_usage();
                                                        }
 
                                                        b->a_peername_mask = (unsigned long)(-1);
                                                                                "illegal peername address mask "
                                                                                "\"%s\".\n",
                                                                                fname, lineno, mask );
-                                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                                }
                                                        } 
 
                                                                                "illegal peername port specification "
                                                                                "\"{%s}\".\n",
                                                                                fname, lineno, port );
-                                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || right[0] == '\0' ) {
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !BER_BVISNULL( &b->a_sockname_pat ) ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "sockname pattern already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_sockname_style = sty;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || right[0] == '\0' ) {
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !BER_BVISEMPTY( &b->a_domain_pat ) ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: domain pattern already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_domain_style = sty;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || right[0] == '\0' ) {
                                                        "missing \"=\" in (or value after) \"%s\" "
                                                        "in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !BER_BVISEMPTY( &b->a_sockurl_pat ) ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: sockurl pattern already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_sockurl_style = sty;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !BER_BVISEMPTY( &b->a_set_pat ) ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: set attribute already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || *right == '\0' ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: no set is defined.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_set_style = sty;
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                                "unable to configure dynacl \"%s\".\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, name );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
 
                                                continue;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if( b->a_aci_at != NULL ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: ACI attribute already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right != NULL && *right != '\0' ) {
                                                        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                                "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                                fname, lineno, buf );
-                                                       acl_usage();
+                                                       return acl_usage();
                                                }
 
                                        } else {
                                                        b->a_aci_at->ad_type->sat_syntax_oid );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: %s\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, buf );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        continue;
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                    fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( b->a_authz.sai_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: ssf attribute already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || *right == '\0' ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: no ssf is defined.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_authz.sai_ssf = strtol( right, &next, 10 );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: unable to parse ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !b->a_authz.sai_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: invalid ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                }
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( b->a_authz.sai_transport_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "transport_ssf attribute already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || *right == '\0' ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: no transport_ssf is defined.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_authz.sai_transport_ssf = strtol( right, &next, 10 );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "unable to parse transport_ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !b->a_authz.sai_transport_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: invalid transport_ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                }
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( b->a_authz.sai_tls_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "tls_ssf attribute already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || *right == '\0' ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: no tls_ssf is defined\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_authz.sai_tls_ssf = strtol( right, &next, 10 );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "unable to parse tls_ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !b->a_authz.sai_tls_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: invalid tls_ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                }
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "inappropriate style \"%s\" in by clause.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, style );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( b->a_authz.sai_sasl_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "sasl_ssf attribute already specified.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( right == NULL || *right == '\0' ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: no sasl_ssf is defined.\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, 0 );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        b->a_authz.sai_sasl_ssf = strtol( right, &next, 10 );
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s: line %d: "
                                                        "unable to parse sasl_ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
 
                                        if ( !b->a_authz.sai_sasl_ssf ) {
                                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                                        "%s: line %d: invalid sasl_ssf value (%s).\n",
                                                        fname, lineno, right );
-                                               acl_usage();
+                                               return acl_usage();
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                }
                                Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY,
                                        "%s: line %d: expecting <access> got \"%s\".\n",
                                        fname, lineno, left );
-                               acl_usage();
+                               return acl_usage();
                        }
 
                        b->a_type = ACL_STOP;
                                "%s: line %d: expecting \"to\" "
                                "or \"by\" got \"%s\"\n",
                                fname, lineno, argv[i] );
-                       acl_usage();
+                       return acl_usage();
                }
        }
 
                        SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_IGNORED ".\n",
                        fname, lineno, 0 );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-               acl_usage();
+               return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
 
        } else {
                                SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_IGNORED ".\n",
                                fname, lineno, 0 );
 #ifdef SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT
-                       acl_usage();
+                       return acl_usage();
 #endif /* SLAPD_CONF_UNKNOWN_BAILOUT */
                }
 
                        acl_append( &frontendDB->be_acl, a, pos );
                }
        }
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 char *
        return mask;
 }
 
-static void
+static int
 acl_usage( void )
 {
        char *access =
                "";
 
        Debug( LDAP_DEBUG_ANY, "%s%s%s\n", access, who, what );
-       exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
+
+       return 1;
 }
 
 /*