mechanisms. This chapter describes these mechanisms and discusses
security considerations for using OpenLDAP Software.
-H2: Host Security
-
H2: Network Security
-H3: Selective Hearing
+H3: Selective Listening
By default, {{slapd}}(8) will listen on both the IPv4 and IPv6 "any"
addresses. It is often desirable to have {{slapd}} listen on select
address/port pairs. For example, listening only on the IPv4 address
-127.0.0.1 will disallow remote access to the directory server.
+{{EX:127.0.0.1}} will disallow remote access to the directory server.
+E.g.:
+
+> slapd -h ldap://127.0.0.1
While the server can be configured to listen on a particular interface
address, this doesn't necessarily restrict access to the server to
H3: IP Firewall
-IP firewall capabilities of the server system can be used to restrict
-access based upon the client's IP address and/or network interface
-used to communicate with the client.
+{{TERM:IP}} firewall capabilities of the server system can be used
+to restrict access based upon the client's IP address and/or network
+interface used to communicate with the client.
-Generally, slapd(8) listens on port 389/tcp for LDAP over TCP (e.g.
-ldap://) and port 636/tcp for LDAP over SSL (e.g. ldaps://).
+Generally, {{slapd}}(8) listens on port 389/tcp for LDAP over {{TERM:TCP}}
+(e.g. ldap://) and port 636/tcp for LDAP over {{TERM:SSL}} (e.g.
+ldaps://).
As specifics of how to configure IP firewall are dependent on the
particular kind of IP firewall used, no examples are provided here.
H3: TCP Wrappers
-OpenLDAP supports TCP wrappers. TCP wrappers provide a rule-based
+OpenLDAP supports {{TERM:TCP}} Wrappers. TCP Wrappers provide a rule-based
access control system for controlling TCP/IP access to the server.
For example, the {{host_options}}(5) rule:
> slapd: 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 : ALLOW
> slapd: ALL : DENY
-allows only incoming connections from the private network 10 and
-localhost (127.0.0.1) to access the directory service.
+allows only incoming connections from the private network {{F:10.0.0.0}}
+and localhost ({{F:127.0.0.1}}) to access the directory service.
It is noted that TCP wrappers require the connection to be accepted.
As significant processing is required just to deny a connection,
-it is generally advised that IP firewall protection be
-used instead of TCP wrappers.
+it is generally advised that IP firewall protection be used instead
+of TCP wrappers.
See {{hosts_access}}(5) for more information on TCP wrapper rules.
+
+
+H2: Integrity and Confidentiality Protection
+
+{{TERM[expand]TLS}} (TLS) can be used to provide integrity and
+confidentiality protection. OpenLDAP supports both StartTLS and
+ldaps://. See the {{SECT:Using TLS}} chapter for more information.
+
+A number of {{TERM[expand]SASL}} (SASL) mechanisms, such as DIGEST-MD5
+and {{TERM:GSSAPI}}, provide integrity and confidentiality protection.
+See the {{SECT:Using SASL}} chapter for more information.
+
+The server uses {{TERM[expand]Security Strength Factors}} (SSF) to
+indicate the relative strength of protection. A SSF of zero (0)
+indicates no protections are in place. A SSF of one (1) indicates
+integrity protection are in place. A SSF greater than one (>1)
+roughly correlates to the effective encryption key length. For
+example, {{TERM:DES}} is 56, {{TERM:3DES}} is 112, and {{TERM:AES}}
+is 128.
+
IETF|Internet Engineering Task Force|http://www.ietf.org/
IESG|Internet Engineering Steering Group|http://www.ietf.org/iesg/
IRTF|Internet Research Task Force|http://www.irtf.org/
-ISO|International Organization for Standardization|http://www.iso.ch/
+ISO|International Standards Organisation|http://www.iso.ch/
ITU|International Telephone Union|http://www.itu.int/
RFC|RFC Editor|http://www.rfc-editor.org/
OpenSSL|OpenSSL|http://www.openssl.org/
# Internet and X.500 terms
!block terms; data
Term|Definition
+AES|Advance Encryption Standard
API|Application Program Interface
ASN|Abstract Syntax Notation
ASN.1|Abstract Syntax Notation 1
CLDAP|Connection-less LDAP
DAP|Directory Access Protocol
DER|Distinguished Encoding Rules
+DES|Data Encryption Standard
+3DES|Triple DES
DIT|Directory Information Tree
DN|Distinguished Name
DNS|Domain Name System
LDBM|LDAP Database Manager
MIB|Management Information Base
OID|Object Identifier
-OSI|OSI
+OSI|Open Systems Interconnect
+OTP|One Time Password
PEM|Privacy Enhanced eMail
PS|Proposed Standard
RDN|Relative Distinguished Name
RFC|Request for Comments
+SRP|Secure Remote Password
+SSL|Secure Socket Layer
+STD|Internet Standard
TCP|Transmission Control Protocol
TLS|Transport Layer Security
SASL|Simple Authentication and Security Layer