From ec22474c4db2cf14d6dd70dbefe7018bcf4c5394 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kern Sibbald Date: Fri, 5 Mar 2010 15:33:18 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Setup es/misc es/problems and es/utility for translation --- docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/coverpage.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/dvd.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/fdl.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/gpl.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/base/internaldb.tex | 76 + docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/lesser.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/license.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/base/misc.tex | 64 + docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/projects.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/python.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/stunnel.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/{ => base}/vars.tex | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/base/version.tex | 1 + docs/manuals/es/misc/coverpage-en.tex | 28 + docs/manuals/es/misc/dvd-en.tex | 329 ++++ .../es/{problems/fdl.tex => misc/fdl-en.tex} | 0 docs/manuals/es/misc/gpl-en.tex | 420 +++++ 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a/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/internaldb.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/internaldb.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..65cd0ea0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/internaldb.tex @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{The internal database is not supported, please do not +use it.} +\label{InternalDbChapter} +\index[general]{Use it!The internal database is not supported please +do not } +\index[general]{The internal database is not supported, please do not +use it. } + +\section{Internal Bacula Database} +\index[general]{Internal Bacula Database } +\index[general]{Database!Internal Bacula } + +Previously it was intended to be used primarily by Bacula developers for +testing; although SQLite is also a good choice for this. We do not recommend +its use in general. + +This database is simplistic in that it consists entirely of Bacula's internal +structures appended sequentially to a file. Consequently, it is in most cases +inappropriate for sites with many clients or systems with large numbers of +files, or long-term production environments. + +Below, you will find a table comparing the features available with SQLite and +MySQL and with the internal Bacula database. At the current time, you cannot +dynamically switch from one to the other, but must rebuild the Bacula source +code. If you wish to experiment with both, it is possible to build both +versions of Bacula and install them into separate directories. + +\addcontentsline{lot}{table}{SQLite vs MySQL Database Comparison} +\begin{longtable}{|l|l|l|} + \hline +\multicolumn{1}{|c| }{\bf Feature } & \multicolumn{1}{c| }{\bf SQLite or MySQL + } & \multicolumn{1}{c| }{\bf Bacula } \\ + \hline +{Job Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Media Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{FileName Record } & {Yes } & {No } \\ + \hline +{File Record } & {Yes } & {No } \\ + \hline +{FileSet Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Pool Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Client Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{JobMedia Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{List Job Records } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{List Media Records } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{List Pool Records } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{List JobMedia Records } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Delete Pool Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Delete Media Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Update Pool Record } & {Yes } & {Yes } \\ + \hline +{Implement Verify } & {Yes } & {No } \\ + \hline +{MD5 Signatures } & {Yes } & {No } +\\ \hline + +\end{longtable} + +In addition, since there is no SQL available, the Console commands: {\bf +sqlquery}, {\bf query}, {\bf retention}, and any other command that directly +uses SQL are not available with the Internal database. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/lesser.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/lesser.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/misc/lesser.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/base/lesser.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/license.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/license.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/misc/license.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/base/license.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/misc.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/misc.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..59351e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/misc.tex @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +%% +%% +%% The following characters must be preceded by a backslash +%% to be entered as printable characters: +%% +%% # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } +%% + +\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{book} + +\topmargin -0.5in +\oddsidemargin 0.0in +\evensidemargin 0.0in +\textheight 10in +\textwidth 6.5in + + +\usepackage{html} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{bacula} +\usepackage{longtable} +\usepackage{makeidx} +\usepackage{index} +\usepackage{setspace} +\usepackage{hyperref} +% \usepackage[linkcolor=black,colorlinks=true]{hyperref} +\usepackage{url} + +\makeindex +\newindex{general}{idx}{ind}{General Index} + +\sloppy + +\begin{document} +\sloppy + +\include{coverpage} + +\clearpage +\pagenumbering{roman} +\tableofcontents +\clearpage + +\pagestyle{myheadings} +\markboth{Bacula Version \version}{Bacula Version \version} +\pagenumbering{arabic} +\include{python} +\include{vars} +\include{stunnel} +\include{dvd} +\include{projects} +\include{internaldb} +\include{license} +\include{fdl} +\include{gpl} +\include{lesser} + + +% pull in the index +\clearpage +\printindex[general] + +\end{document} diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/projects.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/projects.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/misc/projects.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/base/projects.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/python.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/python.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/misc/python.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/base/python.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/stunnel.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/stunnel.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/misc/stunnel.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/base/stunnel.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/vars.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/vars.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/misc/vars.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/base/vars.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/version.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/version.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36878dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/base/version.tex @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +5.1.2 (26 February 2010) diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/coverpage-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/coverpage-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e32d3999 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/coverpage-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +\newfont{\bighead}{cmr17 at 36pt} +\parskip 10pt +\parindent 0pt + +\title{\includegraphics{\idir bacula-logo.eps} \\ \bigskip + \Huge{Bacula}$^{\normalsize \textregistered}$ \Huge{Bacula Miscellaneous Guide} + \begin{center} + \large{It comes in the night and sucks + the essence from your computers. } + \end{center} +} + + +\author{Kern Sibbald} +\date{\vspace{1.0in}\today \\ + This manual documents Bacula version \input{version} \\ + \vspace{0.2in} + Copyright {\copyright} 1999-2010, Free Software Foundation Europe + e.V. \\ + Bacula {\textregistered} is a registered trademark of Kern Sibbald.\\ + \vspace{0.2in} + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the + GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". +} + +\maketitle diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/dvd-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/dvd-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88811365 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/dvd-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{DVD Volumes} +\label{_DVDChapterStart} +\index[general]{DVD Volumes} +\index[general]{Writing DVDs} +\index[general]{DVD Writing} +\index[general]{Volumes!DVD} + +Bacula allows you to specify that you want to write to DVD. However, +this feature is implemented only in version 1.37 or later. +You may in fact write to DVD+RW, DVD+R, DVD-R, or DVD-RW +media. The actual process used by Bacula is to first write +the image to a spool directory, then when the Volume reaches +a certain size or, at your option, at the end of a Job, Bacula +will transfer the image from the spool directory to the +DVD. The actual work of transferring the image is done +by a script {\bf dvd-handler}, and the heart of that +script is a program called {\bf growisofs} which allows +creating or adding to a DVD ISO filesystem. + +You must have {\bf dvd+rw-tools} loaded on your system for DVD writing to +work. Please note that the original {\bf dvd+rw-tools} package does {\bf +NOT} work with Bacula. You must apply a patch which can be found in the +{\bf patches} directory of Bacula sources with the name +{\bf dvd+rw-tools-5.21.4.10.8.bacula.patch} for version 5.21 of the tools, +or patch {bf dvd+rw-tools-6.1.bacula.patch} if you have version 6.1 +on your system. Unfortunately, this requires you to build the dvd\_rw-tools +from source. + +Note, some Linux distros such as Debian dvd+rw-tools-7.0-4 package already +have the patch applied, so please check. + +The fact that Bacula cannot use the OS to write directly +to the DVD makes the whole process a bit more error prone than +writing to a disk or a tape, but nevertheless, it does work if you +use some care to set it up properly. However, at the current time +(version 1.39.30 -- 12 December 2006) we still consider this code to be +BETA quality. As a consequence, please do careful testing before relying +on DVD backups in production. + +The remainder of this chapter explains the various directives that you can +use to control the DVD writing. + +\label{DVDdirectives} +\section{DVD Specific SD Directives} +\index[general]{Directives!DVD} +\index[general]{DVD Specific SD Directives } + +The following directives are added to the Storage daemon's +Device resource. + +\begin{description} + +\item [Requires Mount = {\it Yes|No}] + \index[general]{Requires Mount } + You must set this directive to {\bf yes} for DVD-writers, and to {\bf no} for + all other devices (tapes/files). This directive indicates if the device + requires to be mounted using the {\bf Mount Command}. + To be able to write a DVD, the following directives must also be + defined: {\bf Mount Point}, {\bf Mount Command}, {\bf Unmount Command} and + {\bf Write Part Command}. + +\item [Mount Point = {\it directory}] + \index[general]{Mount Point} + Directory where the device can be mounted. + +\item [Mount Command = {\it name-string}] + \index[general]{Mount Command} + Command that must be executed to mount the device. Although the + device is written directly, the mount command is necessary in + order to determine the free space left on the DVD. Before the command is + executed, \%a is replaced with the Archive Device, and \%m with the Mount + Point. + + Most frequently, you will define it as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Mount Command = "/bin/mount -t iso9660 -o ro %a %m" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +However, if you have defined a mount point in /etc/fstab, you might be +able to use a mount command such as: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Mount Command = "/bin/mount /media/dvd" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + +\item [Unmount Command = {\it name-string}] + \index[general]{Unmount Command} + Command that must be executed to unmount the device. Before the command is + executed, \%a is replaced with the Archive Device, and \%m with the Mount + Point. + + Most frequently, you will define it as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Unmount Command = "/bin/umount %m" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item [Write Part Command = {\it name-string}] + \index[general]{Write Part Command } + Command that must be executed to write a part to the device. Before the + command is executed, \%a is replaced with the Archive Device, \%m with the + Mount Point, \%e is replaced with 1 if we are writing the first part, + and with 0 otherwise, and \%v with the current part filename. + + For a DVD, you will most frequently specify the Bacula supplied {\bf + dvd-handler} script as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Write Part Command = "/path/dvd-handler %a write %e %v" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + Where {\bf /path} is the path to your scripts install directory, and + dvd-handler is the Bacula supplied script file. + This command will already be present, but commented out, + in the default bacula-sd.conf file. To use it, simply remove + the comment (\#) symbol. + + +\item [Free Space Command = {\it name-string}] + \index[general]{Free Space Command } + Command that must be executed to check how much free space is left on the + device. Before the command is executed,\%a is replaced with the Archive + Device. + + For a DVD, you will most frequently specify the Bacula supplied {\bf + dvd-handler} script as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Free Space Command = "/path/dvd-handler %a free" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + Where {\bf /path} is the path to your scripts install directory, and + dvd-handler is the Bacula supplied script file. + If you want to specify your own command, please look at the code in + dvd-handler to see what output Bacula expects from this command. + This command will already be present, but commented out, + in the default bacula-sd.conf file. To use it, simply remove + the comment (\#) symbol. + + If you do not set it, Bacula will expect there is always free space on the + device. + +\end{description} + +In addition to the directives specified above, you must also +specify the other standard Device resource directives. Please see the +sample DVD Device resource in the default bacula-sd.conf file. Be sure +to specify the raw device name for {\bf Archive Device}. It should +be a name such as {\bf /dev/cdrom} or {\bf /media/cdrecorder} or +{\bf /dev/dvd} depending on your system. It will not be a name such +as {\bf /mnt/cdrom}. + +Finally, for {\bf growisofs} to work, it must be able to lock +a certain amount of memory in RAM. If you have restrictions on +this function, you may have failures. Under {\bf bash}, you can +set this with the following command: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +ulimit -l unlimited +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Edit Codes for DVD Directives} +\index[general]{Directives!DVD Edit Codes} +\index[general]{Edit Codes for DVD Directives } + +Before submitting the {\bf Mount Command}, {\bf Unmount Command}, +{\bf Write Part Command}, or {\bf Free Space Command} directives +to the operating system, Bacula performs character substitution of the +following characters: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %% = % + %a = Archive device name + %e = erase (set if cannot mount and first part) + %n = part number + %m = mount point + %v = last part name (i.e. filename) +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + + +\section{DVD Specific Director Directives} +\index[general]{Directives!DVD} +\index[general]{DVD Specific Director Directives } + +The following directives are added to the Director's Job resource. + +\label{WritePartAfterJob} +\begin{description} +\item [Write Part After Job = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}] + \index[general]{Write Part After Job } + If this directive is set to {\bf yes} (default {\bf no}), the + Volume written to a temporary spool file for the current Job will + be written to the DVD as a new part file + will be created after the job is finished. + + It should be set to {\bf yes} when writing to devices that require a mount + (for example DVD), so you are sure that the current part, containing + this job's data, is written to the device, and that no data is left in + the temporary file on the hard disk. However, on some media, like DVD+R + and DVD-R, a lot of space (about 10Mb) is lost everytime a part is + written. So, if you run several jobs each after another, you could set + this directive to {\bf no} for all jobs, except the last one, to avoid + wasting too much space, but to ensure that the data is written to the + medium when all jobs are finished. + + This directive is ignored for devices other than DVDs. +\end{description} + + + +\label{DVDpoints} +\section{Other Points} +\index[general]{Points!Other } +\index[general]{Other Points } + +\begin{itemize} +\item Please be sure that you have any automatic DVD mounting + disabled before running Bacula -- this includes auto mounting + in /etc/fstab, hotplug, ... If the DVD is automatically + mounted by the OS, it will cause problems when Bacula tries + to mount/unmount the DVD. +\item Please be sure that you the directive {\bf Write Part After Job} + set to {\bf yes}, otherwise the last part of the data to be + written will be left in the DVD spool file and not written to + the DVD. The DVD will then be unreadable until this last part + is written. If you have a series of jobs that are run one at + a time, you can turn this off until the last job is run. +\item The current code is not designed to have multiple simultaneous + jobs writing to the DVD. As a consequence, please ensure that + only one DVD backup job runs at any time. +\item Writing and reading of DVD+RW seems to work quite reliably + provided you are using the patched dvd+rw-mediainfo programs. + On the other hand, we do not have enough information to ensure + that DVD-RW or other forms of DVDs work correctly. +\item DVD+RW supports only about 1000 overwrites. Every time you + mount the filesystem read/write will count as one write. This can + add up quickly, so it is best to mount your DVD+RW filesystem read-only. + Bacula does not need the DVD to be mounted read-write, since it uses + the raw device for writing. +\item Reformatting DVD+RW 10-20 times can apparently make the medium + unusable. Normally you should not have to format or reformat + DVD+RW media. If it is necessary, current versions of growisofs will + do so automatically. +\item We have had several problems writing to DVD-RWs (this does NOT + concern DVD+RW), because these media have two writing-modes: {\bf + Incremental Sequential} and {\bf Restricted Overwrite}. Depending on + your device and the media you use, one of these modes may not work + correctly (e.g. {\bf Incremental Sequential} does not work with my NEC + DVD-writer and Verbatim DVD-RW). + + To retrieve the current mode of a DVD-RW, run: +\begin{verbatim} + dvd+rw-mediainfo /dev/xxx +\end{verbatim} + where you replace xxx with your DVD device name. + + {\bf Mounted Media} line should give you the information. + + To set the device to {\bf Restricted Overwrite} mode, run: +\begin{verbatim} + dvd+rw-format /dev/xxx +\end{verbatim} + If you want to set it back to the default {\bf Incremental Sequential} mode, run: +\begin{verbatim} + dvd+rw-format -blank /dev/xxx +\end{verbatim} + +\item Bacula only accepts to write to blank DVDs. To quickly blank a DVD+/-RW, run + this command: +\begin{verbatim} + dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=512 | growisofs -Z /dev/xxx=/dev/fd/0 +\end{verbatim} + Then, try to mount the device, if it cannot be mounted, it will be considered + as blank by Bacula, if it can be mounted, try a full blank (see below). + +\item If you wish to blank completely a DVD+/-RW, use the following: +\begin{verbatim} + growisofs -Z /dev/xxx=/dev/zero +\end{verbatim} + where you replace xxx with your DVD device name. However, note that this + blanks the whole DVD, which takes quite a long time (16 minutes on mine). +\item DVD+RW and DVD-RW support only about 1000 overwrites (i.e. don't use the +same medium for years if you don't want to have problems...). + +To write to the DVD the first time use: +\begin{verbatim} + growisofs -Z /dev/xxx filename +\end{verbatim} + +To add additional files (more parts use): + +\begin{verbatim} + growisofs -M /dev/xxx filename +\end{verbatim} + +The option {\bf -use-the-force-luke=4gms} was added in growisofs 5.20 to +override growisofs' behavior of always checking for the 4GB limit. +Normally, this option is recommended for all Linux 2.6.8 kernels or +greater, since these newer kernels can handle writing more than 4GB. +See below for more details on this subject. + +\item For more information about DVD writing, please look at the +\elink{dvd+rw-tools homepage}{http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/}. + +\item According to bug \#912, bscan cannot read multi-volume DVDs. This is +on our TODO list, but unless someone submits a patch it is not likely to be +done any time in the near future. (9 Sept 2007). + +\end{itemize} diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/fdl.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/fdl-en.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/fdl.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/misc/fdl-en.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/gpl-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/gpl-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a368afc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/gpl-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,420 @@ +%% +%% + +\section*{GNU General Public License} +\label{GplChapter} +\index[general]{GNU General Public License } +\index[general]{License!GNU General Public } + +\elink{image of a Philosophical +GNU}{http://www.gnu.org/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html} + +\begin{itemize} +\item + \elink{What to do if you see a possible GPL + violation}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-violation.html} +\item + \elink{Translations of the + GPL}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html\#translations} +\end{itemize} + + +\section{Table of Contents} +\index[general]{Table of Contents } +\index[general]{Contents!Table of } + +\begin{itemize} +\item + \label{TOC1} + \ilink{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}{SEC1} + +\begin{itemize} +\item + \label{TOC2} + \ilink{Preamble}{SEC2} +\item + \label{TOC3} + \ilink{TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND +MODIFICATION}{SEC3} +\item + \label{TOC4} + \ilink{How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs}{SEC4} +\end{itemize} + +\end{itemize} + + +\section{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} +\label{SEC1} +\index[general]{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE } +\index[general]{LICENSE!GNU GENERAL PUBLIC } + +Version 2, June 1991 + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies +of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Preamble} +\label{SEC2} +\index[general]{Preamble } + +The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share +and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to +guarantee your freedom to share and change free software\verb:--:to make sure the +software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to +most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose +authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is +covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it +to your programs, too. + +When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our +General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to +distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), +that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change +the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you +can do these things. + +To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to +deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These +restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute +copies of the software, or if you modify it. + +For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for +a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must +make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must +show them these terms so they know their rights. + +We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) +offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute +and/or modify the software. + +Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that +everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the +software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to +know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced +by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. + +Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We +wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will +individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. +To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for +everyone's free use or not licensed at all. + +The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification +follow. + +\section{TERMS AND CONDITIONS} +\label{SEC3} +\index[general]{CONDITIONS!TERMS AND } +\index[general]{TERMS AND CONDITIONS } + +TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION + +{\bf 0.} This License applies to any program or other work which contains a +notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the +terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any +such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the +Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work +containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with +modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, +translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each +licensee is addressed as "you". + +Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered +by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is +not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its +contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been +made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program +does. + +{\bf 1.} You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source +code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and +appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and +disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License +and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the +Program a copy of this License along with the Program. + +You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may +at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. + +{\bf 2.} You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of +it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such +modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you +also meet all of these conditions: + +\begin{itemize} +\item {\bf a)} You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices + stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. + +\item {\bf b)} You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that + in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part + thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under + the terms of this License. + +\item {\bf c)} If the modified program normally reads commands interactively + when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in + the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an + appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, + saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the + program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of + this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not + normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not + required to print an announcement.) +\end{itemize} + +These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable +sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably +considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, +and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as +separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole +which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on +the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the +entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. + +Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your +rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the +right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on +the Program. + +In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with +the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or +distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this +License. + +{\bf 3.} You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under +Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and +2 above provided that you also do one of the following: + +\begin{itemize} +\item {\bf a)} Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable + source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 + above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, + +\item {\bf b)} Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three + years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of + physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of + the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections + 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, + +\item {\bf c)} Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer + to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only + for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object + code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b + above.) +\end{itemize} + +The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making +modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all +the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface +definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and +installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source +code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in +either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and +so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that +component itself accompanies the executable. + +If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to +copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the +source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, +even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the +object code. + +{\bf 4.} You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program +except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to +copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will +automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who +have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have +their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. + +{\bf 5.} You are not required to accept this License, since you have not +signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute +the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if +you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the +Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of +this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, +distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. + +{\bf 6.} Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the +Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original +licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and +conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' +exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing +compliance by third parties to this License. + +{\bf 7.} If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent +infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), +conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) +that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from +the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy +simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent +obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. +For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution +of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through +you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to +refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. + +If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any +particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and +the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. + +It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or +other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this +section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software +distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many +people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software +distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that +system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to +distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that +choice. + +This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a +consequence of the rest of this License. + +{\bf 8.} If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in +certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original +copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit +geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that +distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In +such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body +of this License. + +{\bf 9.} The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions +of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be +similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address +new problems or concerns. + +Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program +specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later +version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of +that version or of any later version published by the Free Software +Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, +you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. + +{\bf 10.} If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free +programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to +ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software +Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make +exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of +preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of +promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. + +{\bf NO WARRANTY} + +{\bf 11.} BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY +FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN +OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE +THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO +THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM +PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR +CORRECTION. + +{\bf 12.} IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN +WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR +REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, +INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING +OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR +THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), +EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGES. + +END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS + +\section{How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs} +\label{SEC4} +\index[general]{Programs!How to Apply These Terms to Your New } +\index[general]{How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs } + +If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible +use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software +which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. + +To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach +them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion +of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a +pointer to where the full notice is found. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +{\em one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} +Copyright (C) {\em yyyy} {\em name of author} +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License +as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 +of the License, or (at your option) any later version. +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA +02110-1301 USA +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it +starts in an interactive mode: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) {\em year} {\em name of author} +Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details +type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome +to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' +for details. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The hypothetical commands {\tt `show w'} and {\tt `show c'} should show the +appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you +use may be called something other than {\tt `show w'} and {\tt `show c'}; they +could even be mouse-clicks or menu items\verb:--:whatever suits your program. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright +interest in the program `Gnomovision' +(which makes passes at compilers) written +by James Hacker. +{\em signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 +Ty Coon, President of Vice +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public +License instead of this License. +Return to +\elink{GNU's home page}{http://www.gnu.org/home.html}. + +FSF \& GNU inquiries \& questions to +\elink{gnu@gnu.org}{mailto:gnu@gnu.org}. Other +\elink{ways to contact}{http://www.gnu.org/home.html\#ContactInfo} the FSF. + +Comments on these web pages to +\elink{webmasters@www.gnu.org}{mailto:webmasters@www.gnu.org}, send other +questions to +\elink{gnu@gnu.org}{mailto:gnu@gnu.org}. + +Copyright notice above. +Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, +Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + +Updated: 3 Jan 2000 rms diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/lesser-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/lesser-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bc3c3123 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/lesser-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,573 @@ +%% +%% + +\section*{GNU Lesser General Public License} +\label{LesserChapter} +\index[general]{GNU Lesser General Public License } +\index[general]{License!GNU Lesser General Public } + +\elink{image of a Philosophical GNU} +{http://www.gnu.org/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html} [ +\elink{English}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html} | +\elink{Japanese}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.ja.html} ] + +\begin{itemize} +\item + \elink{Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next + library}{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html} +\item + \elink{What to do if you see a possible LGPL + violation}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-violation.html} +\item + \elink{Translations of the LGPL} +{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html\#translationsLGPL} +\item The GNU Lesser General Public License as a + \elink{text file}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.txt} +\item The GNU Lesser General Public License as a + \elink{Texinfo}{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.texi} file + \end{itemize} + + +This GNU Lesser General Public License counts as the successor of the GNU +Library General Public License. For an explanation of why this change was +necessary, read the +\elink{Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your next +library}{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html} article. + +\section{Table of Contents} +\index[general]{Table of Contents } +\index[general]{Contents!Table of } + +\begin{itemize} +\item + \label{TOC12} + \ilink{GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}{SEC12} + +\begin{itemize} +\item + \label{TOC23} + \ilink{Preamble}{SEC23} +\item + \label{TOC34} + \ilink{TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND +MODIFICATION}{SEC34} +\item + \label{TOC45} + \ilink{How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries}{SEC45} +\end{itemize} + +\end{itemize} + + +\section{GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} +\label{SEC12} +\index[general]{LICENSE!GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC } +\index[general]{GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE } + +Version 2.1, February 1999 + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies +of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts + as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence + the version number 2.1.] +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Preamble} +\label{SEC23} +\index[general]{Preamble } + +The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share +and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to +guarantee your freedom to share and change free software\verb:--:to make sure the +software is free for all its users. + +This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some specially +designated software packages\verb:--:typically libraries\verb:--:of the Free Software +Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too, but we +suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinary +General Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case, +based on the explanations below. + +When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, not price. +Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the +freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if +you wish); that you receive source code or can get it if you want it; that you +can change the software and use pieces of it in new free programs; and that +you are informed that you can do these things. + +To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors +to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these rights. These +restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute +copies of the library or if you modify it. + +For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a +fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You must +make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you link +other code with the library, you must provide complete object files to the +recipients, so that they can relink them with the library after making changes +to the library and recompiling it. And you must show them these terms so they +know their rights. + +We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the library, +and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal permission to copy, +distribute and/or modify the library. + +To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is no +warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is modified by someone +else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they have is not the +original version, so that the original author's reputation will not be +affected by problems that might be introduced by others. + +Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free +program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively restrict the +users of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent +holder. Therefore, we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of +the library must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this +license. + +Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU +General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser General Public License, +applies to certain designated libraries, and is quite different from the +ordinary General Public License. We use this license for certain libraries in +order to permit linking those libraries into non-free programs. + +When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a shared +library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work, a +derivative of the original library. The ordinary General Public License +therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its +criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public License permits more lax +criteria for linking other code with the library. + +We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it does +Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General Public License. +It also provides other free software developers Less of an advantage over +competing non-free programs. These disadvantages are the reason we use the +ordinary General Public License for many libraries. However, the Lesser +license provides advantages in certain special circumstances. + +For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage the +widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a de-facto +standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be allowed to use the +library. A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as +widely used non-free libraries. In this case, there is little to gain by +limiting the free library to free software only, so we use the Lesser General +Public License. + +In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free programs +enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software. For +example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free programs enables many +more people to use the whole GNU operating system, as well as its variant, the +GNU/Linux operating system. + +Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users' +freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with the +Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a +modified version of the Library. + +The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification +follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the +library" and a "work that uses the library". The former contains code +derived from the library, whereas the latter must be combined with the library +in order to run. + +\section{TERMS AND CONDITIONS} +\label{SEC34} +\index[general]{CONDITIONS!TERMS AND } +\index[general]{TERMS AND CONDITIONS } + +TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION + +{\bf 0.} This License Agreement applies to any software library or other +program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other +authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser +General Public License (also called "this License"). Each licensee is +addressed as "you". + +A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data prepared so +as to be conveniently linked with application programs (which use some of +those functions and data) to form executables. + +The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work which has +been distributed under these terms. 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See the GNU +Lesser General Public License for more details. +You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public +License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 +USA +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in +the library "Frob" (a library for tweaking knobs) written +by James Random Hacker. +{\it signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1990 +Ty Coon, President of Vice +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +That's all there is to it! +Return to +\elink{GNU's home page}{http://www.gnu.org/home.html}. + +FSF \& GNU inquiries \& questions to +\elink{gnu@gnu.org}{mailto:gnu@gnu.org}. Other +\elink{ways to contact}{http://www.gnu.org/home.html\#ContactInfo} the FSF. + +Comments on these web pages to +\elink{webmasters@www.gnu.org}{mailto:webmasters@www.gnu.org}, send other +questions to +\elink{gnu@gnu.org}{mailto:gnu@gnu.org}. + +Copyright notice above. +Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, +Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA +USA + +Updated: 27 Nov 2000 paulv diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/license-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/license-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..744cea2c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/license-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Bacula Copyright, Trademark, and Licenses} +\label{LicenseChapter} +\index[general]{Licenses!Bacula Copyright Trademark} +\index[general]{Bacula Copyright, Trademark, and Licenses} + +There are a number of different licenses that are used in Bacula. +If you have a printed copy of this manual, the details of each of +the licenses referred to in this chapter can be found in the +online version of the manual at +\elink{http://www.bacula.org}{http://www.bacula.org}. + +\section{FDL} +\index[general]{FDL } + +The GNU Free Documentation License (FDL) is used for this manual, +which is a free and open license. This means that you may freely +reproduce it and even make changes to it. However, rather than +distribute your own version of this manual, we would much prefer +if you would send any corrections or changes to the Bacula project. + +The most recent version of the manual can always be found online +at \elink{http://www.bacula.org}{http://www.bacula.org}. + +\section{GPL} +\index[general]{GPL } + +The vast bulk of the source code is released under the +\ilink{GNU General Public License version 2.}{GplChapter}. + +Most of this code is copyrighted: Copyright \copyright 2000-2009 +Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. + +Portions may be copyrighted by other people. These files are released +under different licenses which are compatible with the Bacula GPLv2 license. + +\section{LGPL} +\index[general]{LGPL } + +Some of the Bacula library source code is released under the +\ilink{GNU Lesser General Public License.}{LesserChapter} This +permits third parties to use these parts of our code in their proprietary +programs to interface to Bacula. + +\section{Public Domain} +\index[general]{Domain!Public } +\index[general]{Public Domain } + +Some of the Bacula code, or code that Bacula references, has been released +to the public domain. E.g. md5.c, SQLite. + +\section{Trademark} +\index[general]{Trademark } + +Bacula\raisebox{.6ex}{\textsuperscript{\textregistered}} is a registered +trademark of Kern Sibbald. + +We have trademarked the Bacula name to ensure that any program using the +name Bacula will be exactly compatible with the program that we have +released. The use of the name Bacula is restricted to software systems +that agree exactly with the program presented here. If you have made +modifications to the Bacula source code that alter in any significant +way the way the program functions, you may not distribute it using the +Bacula name. + +\section{Fiduciary License Agreement} +\index[general]{Fiduciary License Agreement } +Developers who have contributed significant changes to the Bacula code +should have signed a Fiduciary License Agreement (FLA), which +guarantees them the right to use the code they have developed, and also +ensures that the Free Software Foundation Europe (and thus the Bacula +project) has the rights to the code. This Fiduciary License Agreement +is found on the Bacula web site at: + +\elink{http://www.bacula.org/en/FLA-bacula.en.pdf}{http://www.bacula.org/en/FLA-bacula.en.pdf} + +and if you are submitting code, you should fill it out then sent to: + +\begin{quote} + Kern Sibbald \\ + Cotes-de-Montmoiret 9 \\ + 1012 Lausanne \\ + Switzerland \\ +\end{quote} + +When you send in such a +complete document, please notify me: kern at sibbald dot com. + + +\section{Disclaimer} +\index[general]{Disclaimer } + +NO WARRANTY + +BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE +PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE +STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE +PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, +INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND +PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, +YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. + +IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY +COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE +PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY +GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE +OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR +DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR +A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH +HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/misc.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/misc.tex index 59351e52..35057de7 100644 --- a/docs/manuals/es/misc/misc.tex +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/misc.tex @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ \begin{document} \sloppy -\include{coverpage} +\include{coverpage-en} \clearpage \pagenumbering{roman} @@ -45,16 +45,16 @@ \pagestyle{myheadings} \markboth{Bacula Version \version}{Bacula Version \version} \pagenumbering{arabic} -\include{python} -\include{vars} -\include{stunnel} -\include{dvd} -\include{projects} -\include{internaldb} -\include{license} -\include{fdl} -\include{gpl} -\include{lesser} +\include{python-en} +\include{vars-en} +\include{stunnel-en} +\include{dvd-en} +\include{projects-en} +\include{internaldb-en} +\include{license-en} +\include{fdl-en} +\include{gpl-en} +\include{lesser-en} % pull in the index diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/projects-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/projects-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f118e791 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/projects-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Bacula Projects} +\label{ProjectsChapter} +\index[general]{Projects!Bacula } +\index[general]{Bacula Projects } + +Once a new major version of Bacula is released, the Bacula +users will vote on a list of new features. This vote is used +as the main element determining what new features will be +implemented for the next version. Generally, the development time +for a new release is between four to nine months. Sometimes it may be +a bit longer, but in that case, there will be a number of bug fix +updates to the currently released version. + +For the current list of project, please see the projects page in the CVS +at: \elink{http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/bacula/bacula/projects} +{http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/bacula/bacula/projects} +see the {\bf projects} file in the main source directory. The projects +file is updated approximately once every six months. + +Separately from the project list, Kern maintains a current list of +tasks as well as ideas, feature requests, and occasionally design +notes. This list is updated roughly weekly (sometimes more often). +For a current list of tasks you can see {\bf kernstodo} in the Source Forge +CVS at \elink{http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/bacula/bacula/kernstodo} +{http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/bacula/bacula/kernstodo}. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/python-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/python-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d3c9530 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/python-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,479 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Python Scripting} +\label{PythonChapter} +\index[general]{Python Scripting} +\index[general]{Scripting!Python} + +You may be asking what Python is and why a scripting language is +needed in Bacula. The answer to the first question is that Python +is an Object Oriented scripting language with features similar +to those found in Perl, but the syntax of the language is much +cleaner and simpler. The answer to why have scripting in Bacula is to +give the user more control over the whole backup process. Probably +the simplest example is when Bacula needs a new Volume name, with +a scripting language such as Python, you can generate any name +you want, based on the current state of Bacula. + +\section{Python Configuration} +\index[general]{Python Configuration} +\index[general]{Configuration!Python} + +Python must be enabled during the configuration process by adding +a \verb:--:with-python, and possibly specifying an alternate +directory if your Python is not installed in a standard system +location. If you are using RPMs you will need the python-devel package +installed. + +When Python is configured, it becomes an integral part of Bacula and +runs in Bacula's address space, so even though it is an interpreted +language, it is very efficient. + +When the Director starts, it looks to see if you have a {\bf +Scripts Directory} Directive defined (normal default {\bf +/etc/bacula/scripts}, if so, it looks in that directory for a file named +{\bf DirStartUp.py}. If it is found, Bacula will pass this file to Python +for execution. The {\bf Scripts Directory} is a new directive that you add +to the Director resource of your bacula-dir.conf file. + +Note: Bacula does not install Python scripts by default because these +scripts are for you to program. This means that with a default +installation with Python enabled, Bacula will print the following error +message: + +\begin{verbatim} +09-Jun 15:14 bacula-dir: ERROR in pythonlib.c:131 Could not import +Python script /etc/bacula/scripts/DirStartUp. Python disabled. +\end{verbatim} + +The source code directory {\bf examples/python} contains sample scripts +for DirStartUp.py, SDStartUp.py, and FDStartUp.py that you might want +to use as a starting point. Normally, your scripts directory (at least +where you store the Python scripts) should be writable by Bacula, because +Python will attempt to write a compiled version of the scripts (e.g. +DirStartUp.pyc) back to that directory. + +When starting with the sample scripts, you can delete any part that +you will not need, but you should keep all the Bacula Event and Job Event +definitions. If you do not want a particular event, simply replace the +existing code with a {\bf noop = 1}. + +\section{Bacula Events} +\index[general]{Bacula Events} +\index[general]{Events} +A Bacula event is a point in the Bacula code where Bacula +will call a subroutine (actually a method) that you have +defined in the Python StartUp script. Events correspond +to some significant event such as a Job Start, a Job End, +Bacula needs a new Volume Name, ... When your script is +called, it will have access to all the Bacula variables +specific to the Job (attributes of the Job Object), and +it can even call some of the Job methods (subroutines) +or set new values in the Job attributes, such as the +Priority. You will see below how the events are used. + +\section{Python Objects} +\index[general]{Python Objects} +\index[general]{Objects!Python} + +There are four Python objects that you will need to work with: +\begin{description} +\item [The Bacula Object] + The Bacula object is created by the Bacula daemon (the Director + in the present case) when the daemon starts. It is available to + the Python startup script, {\bf DirStartup.py}, by importing the + Bacula definitions with {\bf import bacula}. The methods + available with this object are described below. + +\item [The Bacula Events Class] + You create this class in the startup script, and you pass + it to the Bacula Object's {\bf set\_events} method. The + purpose of the Bacula Events Class is to define what global + or daemon events you want to monitor. When one of those events + occurs, your Bacula Events Class will be called at the method + corresponding to the event. There are currently three events, + JobStart, JobEnd, and Exit, which are described in detail below. + +\item [The Job Object] + When a Job starts, and assuming you have defined a JobStart method + in your Bacula Events Class, Bacula will create a Job Object. This + object will be passed to the JobStart event. The Job Object has a + has good number of read-only members or attributes providing many + details of the Job, and it also has a number of writable attributes + that allow you to pass information into the Job. These attributes + are described below. + +\item [The Job Events Class] + You create this class in the JobStart method of your Bacula Events + class, and it allows you to define which of the possible Job Object + events you want to see. You must pass an instance of your Job Events + class to the Job Object set\_events() method. + Normally, you will probably only have one + Job Events Class, which will be instantiated for each Job. However, + if you wish to see different events in different Jobs, you may have + as many Job Events classes as you wish. +\end{description} + + +The first thing the startup script must do is to define what global Bacula +events (daemon events), it wants to see. This is done by creating a +Bacula Events class, instantiating it, then passing it to the +{\bf set\_events} method. There are three possible +events. + +\begin{description} +\item [JobStart] + \index[general]{JobStart} + This Python method, if defined, will be called each time a Job is started. + The method is passed the class instantiation object as the first argument, + and the Bacula Job object as the second argument. The Bacula Job object + has several built-in methods, and you can define which ones you + want called. If you do not define this method, you will not be able + to interact with Bacula jobs. + +\item [JobEnd] + This Python method, if defined, will be called each time a Job terminates. + The method is passed the class instantiation object as the first argument, + and the Bacula Job object as the second argument. + +\item [Exit] + This Python method, if defined, will be called when the Director terminates. + The method is passed the class instantiation object as the first argument. +\end{description} + +Access to the Bacula variables and methods is done with: + + import bacula + +The following are the read-only attributes provided by the bacula object. +\begin{description} +\item [Name] +\item [ConfigFile] +\item [WorkingDir] +\item [Version] string consisting of "Version Build-date" +\end{description} + + +A simple definition of the Bacula Events Class might be the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +import sys, bacula +class BaculaEvents: + def JobStart(self, job): + ... +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Then to instantiate the class and pass it to Bacula, you +would do: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +bacula.set_events(BaculaEvents()) # register Bacula Events wanted +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +And at that point, each time a Job is started, your BaculaEvents JobStart +method will be called. + +Now to actually do anything with a Job, you must define which Job events +you want to see, and this is done by defining a JobEvents class containing +the methods you want called. Each method name corresponds to one of the +Job Events that Bacula will generate. + +A simple Job Events class might look like the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +class JobEvents: + def NewVolume(self, job): + ... +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Here, your JobEvents class method NewVolume will be called each time +the Job needs a new Volume name. To actually register the events defined +in your class with the Job, you must instantiate the JobEvents class and +set it in the Job {\bf set\_events} variable. Note, this is a bit different +from how you registered the Bacula events. The registration process must +be done in the Bacula JobStart event (your method). So, you would modify +Bacula Events (not the Job events) as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +import sys, bacula +class BaculaEvents: + def JobStart(self, job): + events = JobEvents() # create instance of Job class + job.set_events(events) # register Job events desired + ... +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +When a job event is triggered, the appropriate event definition is +called in the JobEvents class. This is the means by which your Python +script or code gets control. Once it has control, it may read job +attributes, or set them. See below for a list of read-only attributes, +and those that are writable. + +In addition, the Bacula {\bf job} object in the Director has +a number of methods (subroutines) that can be called. They +are: +\begin{description} +\item [set\_events] The set\_events method takes a single + argument, which is the instantiation of the Job Events class + that contains the methods that you want called. The method + names that will be called must correspond to the Bacula + defined events. You may define additional methods but Bacula + will not use them. +\item [run] The run method takes a single string + argument, which is the run command (same as in the Console) + that you want to submit to start a new Job. The value + returned by the run method is the JobId of the job that + started, or -1 if there was an error. +\item [write] The write method is used to be able to send + print output to the Job Report. This will be described later. +\item[cancel] The cancel method takes a single integer argument, + which is a JobId. If JobId is found, it will be canceled. +\item [DoesVolumeExist] The DoesVolumeExist method takes a single + string argument, which is the Volume name, and returns + 1 if the volume exists in the Catalog and 0 if the volume + does not exist. +\end{description} + +The following attributes are read/write within the Director +for the {\bf job} object. + +\begin{description} +\item [Priority] Read or set the Job priority. + Note, that setting a Job Priority is effective only before + the Job actually starts. +\item [Level] This attribute contains a string representing the Job + level, e.g. Full, Differential, Incremental, ... if read. + The level can also be set. +\end{description} + +The following read-only attributes are available within the Director +for the {\bf job} object. + +\begin{description} +\item [Type] This attribute contains a string representing the Job + type, e.g. Backup, Restore, Verify, ... +\item [JobId] This attribute contains an integer representing the + JobId. +\item [Client] This attribute contains a string with the name of the + Client for this job. +\item [NumVols] This attribute contains an integer with the number of + Volumes in the Pool being used by the Job. +\item [Pool] This attribute contains a string with the name of the Pool + being used by the Job. +\item [Storage] This attribute contains a string with the name of the + Storage resource being used by the Job. +\item [Catalog] This attribute contains a string with the name of the + Catalog resource being used by the Job. +\item [MediaType] This attribute contains a string with the name of the + Media Type associated with the Storage resource being used by the Job. +\item [Job] This attribute contains a string containing the name of the + Job resource used by this job (not unique). +\item [JobName] This attribute contains a string representing the full + unique Job name. +\item [JobStatus] This attribute contains a single character string + representing the current Job status. The status may change + during execution of the job. It may take on the following + values: + \begin{description} + \item [C] Created, not yet running + \item [R] Running + \item [B] Blocked + \item [T] Completed successfully + \item [E] Terminated with errors + \item [e] Non-fatal error + \item [f] Fatal error + \item [D] Verify found differences + \item [A] Canceled by user + \item [F] Waiting for Client + \item [S] Waiting for Storage daemon + \item [m] Waiting for new media + \item [M] Waiting for media mount + \item [s] Waiting for storage resource + \item [j] Waiting for job resource + \item [c] Waiting for client resource + \item [d] Waiting on maximum jobs + \item [t] Waiting on start time + \item [p] Waiting on higher priority jobs + \end{description} + +\item [Priority] This attribute contains an integer with the priority + assigned to the job. +\item [CatalogRes] tuple consisting of (DBName, Address, User, + Password, Socket, Port, Database Vendor) taken from the Catalog resource + for the Job with the exception of Database Vendor, which is + one of the following: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Internal, + depending on what database you configured. +\item [VolumeName] + After a Volume has been purged, this attribute will contain the + name of that Volume. At other times, this value may have no meaning. +\end{description} + +The following write-only attributes are available within the +Director: + +\begin{description} +\item [JobReport] Send line to the Job Report. +\item [VolumeName] Set a new Volume name. Valid only during the + NewVolume event. +\end{description} + +\section{Python Console Command} +\index[general]{Python Console Command} +\index[general]{Console Command!Python} + +There is a new Console command named {\bf python}. It takes +a single argument {\bf restart}. Example: +\begin{verbatim} + python restart +\end{verbatim} + +This command restarts the Python interpreter in the Director. +This can be useful when you are modifying the DirStartUp script, +because normally Python will cache it, and thus the +script will be read one time. + +\section{Debugging Python Scripts} +\index[general]{Debugging Python Scripts} +In general, you debug your Python scripts by using print statements. +You can also develop your script or important parts of it as a +separate file using the Python interpreter to run it. Once you +have it working correctly, you can then call the script from +within the Bacula Python script (DirStartUp.py). + +If you are having problems loading DirStartUp.py, you will probably +not get any error messages because Bacula can only print Python +error messages after the Python interpreter is started. However, you +may be able to see the error messages by starting Bacula in +a shell window with the {\bf -d1} option on the command line. That +should cause the Python error messages to be printed in the shell +window. + +If you are getting error messages such as the following when +loading DirStartUp.py: + +\begin{verbatim} + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "/etc/bacula/scripts/DirStartUp.py", line 6, in ? + import time, sys, bacula + ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/timemodule.so: undefined + symbol: PyInt_FromLong + bacula-dir: pythonlib.c:134 Python Import error. +\end{verbatim} + +It is because the DirStartUp script is calling a dynamically loaded +module (timemodule.so in the above case) that then tries to use +Python functions exported from the Python interpreter (in this case +PyInt\_FromLong). The way Bacula is currently linked with Python does +not permit this. The solution to the problem is to put such functions +(in this case the import of time into a separate Python script, which +will do your calculations and return the values you want. Then call +(not import) this script from the Bacula DirStartUp.py script, and +it all should work as you expect. + + + + + +\section{Python Example} +\index[general]{Python Example} +\index[general]{Example!Python} + +An example script for the Director startup file is provided in +{\bf examples/python/DirStartup.py} as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Bacula Python interface script for the Director +# + +# You must import both sys and bacula +import sys, bacula + +# This is the list of Bacula daemon events that you +# can receive. +class BaculaEvents(object): + def __init__(self): + # Called here when a new Bacula Events class is + # is created. Normally not used + noop = 1 + + def JobStart(self, job): + """ + Called here when a new job is started. If you want + to do anything with the Job, you must register + events you want to receive. + """ + events = JobEvents() # create instance of Job class + events.job = job # save Bacula's job pointer + job.set_events(events) # register events desired + sys.stderr = events # send error output to Bacula + sys.stdout = events # send stdout to Bacula + jobid = job.JobId; client = job.Client + numvols = job.NumVols + job.JobReport="Python Dir JobStart: JobId=%d Client=%s NumVols=%d\n" % (jobid,client,numvols) + + # Bacula Job is going to terminate + def JobEnd(self, job): + jobid = job.JobId + client = job.Client + job.JobReport="Python Dir JobEnd output: JobId=%d Client=%s.\n" % (jobid, client) + + # Called here when the Bacula daemon is going to exit + def Exit(self, job): + print "Daemon exiting." + +bacula.set_events(BaculaEvents()) # register daemon events desired + +""" + These are the Job events that you can receive. +""" +class JobEvents(object): + def __init__(self): + # Called here when you instantiate the Job. Not + # normally used + noop = 1 + + def JobInit(self, job): + # Called when the job is first scheduled + noop = 1 + + def JobRun(self, job): + # Called just before running the job after initializing + # This is the point to change most Job parameters. + # It is equivalent to the JobRunBefore point. + noop = 1 + + def NewVolume(self, job): + # Called when Bacula wants a new Volume name. The Volume + # name returned, if any, must be stored in job.VolumeName + jobid = job.JobId + client = job.Client + numvol = job.NumVols; + print job.CatalogRes + job.JobReport = "JobId=%d Client=%s NumVols=%d" % (jobid, client, numvol) + job.JobReport="Python before New Volume set for Job.\n" + Vol = "TestA-%d" % numvol + job.JobReport = "Exists=%d TestA-%d" % (job.DoesVolumeExist(Vol), numvol) + job.VolumeName="TestA-%d" % numvol + job.JobReport="Python after New Volume set for Job.\n" + return 1 + + def VolumePurged(self, job): + # Called when a Volume is purged. The Volume name can be referenced + # with job.VolumeName + noop = 1 + + + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/stunnel-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/stunnel-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..49078651 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/stunnel-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Using Stunnel to Encrypt Communications} +\label{StunnelChapter} +\index[general]{Using Stunnel to Encrypt Communications to Clients } + +Prior to version 1.37, Bacula did not have built-in communications encryption. +Please see the \ilink {TLS chapter}{CommEncryption} if you are using Bacula +1.37 or greater. + +Without too much effort, it is possible to encrypt the communications +between any of the daemons. This chapter will show you how to use {\bf +stunnel} to encrypt communications to your client programs. We assume the +Director and the Storage daemon are running on one machine that will be called +{\bf server} and the Client or File daemon is running on a different machine +called {\bf client}. Although the details may be slightly different, the same +principles apply whether you are encrypting between Unix, Linux, or Win32 +machines. This example was developed between two Linux machines running +stunnel version 4.04-4 on a Red Hat Enterprise 3.0 system. + +\section{Communications Ports Used} +\index[general]{Used!Communications Ports } +\index[general]{Communications Ports Used } + +First, you must know that with the standard Bacula configuration, the Director +will contact the File daemon on port 9102. The File daemon then contacts the +Storage daemon using the address and port parameters supplied by the Director. +The standard port used will be 9103. This is the typical server/client view of +the world, the File daemon is a server to the Director (i.e. listens for the +Director to contact it), and the Storage daemon is a server to the File +daemon. + +\section{Encryption} +\index[general]{Encryption } + +The encryption is accomplished between the Director and the File daemon by +using an stunnel on the Director's machine (server) to encrypt the data and to +contact an stunnel on the File daemon's machine (client), which decrypts the +data and passes it to the client. + +Between the File daemon and the Storage daemon, we use an stunnel on the File +daemon's machine to encrypt the data and another stunnel on the Storage +daemon's machine to decrypt the data. + +As a consequence, there are actually four copies of stunnel running, two on the +server and two on the client. This may sound a bit complicated, but it really +isn't. To accomplish this, we will need to construct four separate conf files +for stunnel, and we will need to make some minor modifications to the +Director's conf file. None of the other conf files need to be changed. + +\section{A Picture} +\index[general]{Picture } + +Since pictures usually help a lot, here is an overview of what we will be +doing. Don't worry about all the details of the port numbers and such for the +moment. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + File daemon (client): + stunnel-fd1.conf + |===========| + Port 29102 >----| Stunnel 1 |-----> Port 9102 + |===========| + stunnel-fd2.conf + |===========| + Port 9103 >----| Stunnel 2 |-----> server:29103 + |===========| + Director (server): + stunnel-dir.conf + |===========| + Port 29102 >----| Stunnel 3 |-----> client:29102 + |===========| + stunnel-sd.conf + |===========| + Port 29103 >----| Stunnel 4 |-----> 9103 + |===========| +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Certificates} +\index[general]{Certificates } + +In order for stunnel to function as a server, which it does in our diagram for +Stunnel 1 and Stunnel 4, you must have a certificate and the key. It is +possible to keep the two in separate files, but normally, you keep them in one +single .pem file. You may create this certificate yourself in which case, it +will be self-signed, or you may have it signed by a CA. + +If you want your clients to verify that the server is in fact valid (Stunnel 2 +and Stunnel 3), you will need to have the server certificates signed by a CA +(Certificate Authority), and you will need to have the CA's public certificate +(contains the CA's public key). + +Having a CA signed certificate is {\bf highly} recommended if you are using +your client across the Internet, otherwise you are exposed to the man in the +middle attack and hence loss of your data. + +See below for how to create a self-signed certificate. + +\section{Securing the Data Channel} +\index[general]{Channel!Securing the Data } +\index[general]{Securing the Data Channel } + +To simplify things a bit, let's for the moment consider only the data channel. +That is the connection between the File daemon and the Storage daemon, which +takes place on port 9103. In fact, in a minimalist solution, this is the only +connection that needs to be encrypted, because it is the one that transports your +data. The connection between the Director and the File daemon is simply a +control channel used to start the job and get the job status. + +Normally the File daemon will contact the Storage daemon on port 9103 +(supplied by the Director), so we need an stunnel that listens on port 9103 on +the File daemon's machine, encrypts the data and sends it to the Storage +daemon. This is depicted by Stunnel 2 above. Note that this stunnel is +listening on port 9103 and sending to server:29103. We use port 29103 on the +server because if we would send the data to port 9103, it would go directly to the +Storage daemon, which doesn't understand encrypted data. On the server +machine, we run Stunnel 4, which listens on port 29103, decrypts the data and +sends it to the Storage daemon, which is listening on port 9103. + +\section{Data Channel Configuration} +\index[general]{Modification of bacula-dir.conf for the Data Channel } +\index[general]{baculoa-dir.conf!Modification for the Data Channel } + +The Storage resource of the bacula-dir.conf normally looks something like the +following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Storage { + Name = File + Address = server + SDPort = 9103 + Password = storage_password + Device = File + Media Type = File +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Notice that this is running on the server machine, and it points the File +daemon back to server:9103, which is where our Storage daemon is listening. We +modify this to be: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Storage { + Name = File + Address = localhost + SDPort = 9103 + Password = storage_password + Device = File + Media Type = File +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This causes the File daemon to send the data to the stunnel running on +localhost (the client machine). We could have used client as the address as +well. + +\section{Stunnel Configuration for the Data Channel} +\index[general]{Stunnel Configuration for the Data Channel } + +In the diagram above, we see above Stunnel 2 that we use stunnel-fd2.conf on the +client. A pretty much minimal config file would look like the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +client = yes +[29103] +accept = localhost:9103 +connect = server:29103 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The above config file does encrypt the data but it does not require a +certificate, so it is subject to the man in the middle attack. The file I +actually used, stunnel-fd2.conf, looked like this: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Stunnel conf for Bacula client -> SD +# +pid = /home/kern/bacula/bin/working/stunnel.pid +# +# A cert is not mandatory here. If verify=2, a +# cert signed by a CA must be specified, and +# either CAfile or CApath must point to the CA's +# cert +# +cert = /home/kern/stunnel/stunnel.pem +CAfile = /home/kern/ssl/cacert.pem +verify = 2 +client = yes +# debug = 7 +# foreground = yes +[29103] +accept = localhost:9103 +connect = server:29103 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +You will notice that I specified a pid file location because I ran stunnel +under my own userid so I could not use the default, which requires root +permission. I also specified a certificate that I have as well as verify level +2 so that the certificate is required and verified, and I must supply the +location of the CA (Certificate Authority) certificate so that the stunnel +certificate can be verified. Finally, you will see that there are two lines +commented out, which when enabled, produce a lot of nice debug info in the +command window. + +If you do not have a signed certificate (stunnel.pem), you need to delete the +cert, CAfile, and verify lines. + +Note that the stunnel.pem, is actually a private key and a certificate in a +single file. These two can be kept and specified individually, but keeping +them in one file is more convenient. + +The config file, stunnel-sd.conf, needed for Stunnel 4 on the server machine +is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Bacula stunnel conf for Storage daemon +# +pid = /home/kern/bacula/bin/working/stunnel.pid +# +# A cert is mandatory here, it may be self signed +# If it is self signed, the client may not use +# verify +# +cert = /home/kern/stunnel/stunnel.pem +client = no +# debug = 7 +# foreground = yes +[29103] +accept = 29103 +connect = 9103 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Starting and Testing the Data Encryption} +\index[general]{Starting and Testing the Data Encryption } +\index[general]{Encryption!Starting and Testing the Data } + +It will most likely be the simplest to implement the Data Channel encryption +in the following order: + +\begin{itemize} +\item Setup and run Bacula backing up some data on your client machine + without encryption. +\item Stop Bacula. +\item Modify the Storage resource in the Director's conf file. +\item Start Bacula +\item Start stunnel on the server with: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + stunnel stunnel-sd.conf + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Start stunnel on the client with: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + stunnel stunnel-fd2.conf + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Run a job. +\item If it doesn't work, turn debug on in both stunnel conf files, restart + the stunnels, rerun the job, repeat until it works. + \end{itemize} + +\section{Encrypting the Control Channel} +\index[general]{Channel!Encrypting the Control } +\index[general]{Encrypting the Control Channel } + +The Job control channel is between the Director and the File daemon, and as +mentioned above, it is not really necessary to encrypt, but it is good +practice to encrypt it as well. The two stunnels that are used in this case +will be Stunnel 1 and Stunnel 3 in the diagram above. Stunnel 3 on the server +might normally listen on port 9102, but if you have a local File daemon, this +will not work, so we make it listen on port 29102. It then sends the data to +client:29102. Again we use port 29102 so that the stunnel on the client +machine can decrypt the data before passing it on to port 9102 where the File +daemon is listening. + +\section{Control Channel Configuration} +\index[general]{Control Channel Configuration } + +We need to modify the standard Client resource, which would normally look +something like: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Client { + Name = client-fd + Address = client + FDPort = 9102 + Catalog = BackupDB + Password = "xxx" +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +to be: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Client { + Name = client-fd + Address = localhost + FDPort = 29102 + Catalog = BackupDB + Password = "xxx" +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This will cause the Director to send the control information to +localhost:29102 instead of directly to the client. + +\section{Stunnel Configuration for the Control Channel} +\index[general]{Config Files for stunnel to Encrypt the Control Channel } + +The stunnel config file, stunnel-dir.conf, for the Director's machine would +look like the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Bacula stunnel conf for the Directory to contact a client +# +pid = /home/kern/bacula/bin/working/stunnel.pid +# +# A cert is not mandatory here. If verify=2, a +# cert signed by a CA must be specified, and +# either CAfile or CApath must point to the CA's +# cert +# +cert = /home/kern/stunnel/stunnel.pem +CAfile = /home/kern/ssl/cacert.pem +verify = 2 +client = yes +# debug = 7 +# foreground = yes +[29102] +accept = localhost:29102 +connect = client:29102 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and the config file, stunnel-fd1.conf, needed to run stunnel on the Client +would be: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Bacula stunnel conf for the Directory to contact a client +# +pid = /home/kern/bacula/bin/working/stunnel.pid +# +# A cert is not mandatory here. If verify=2, a +# cert signed by a CA must be specified, and +# either CAfile or CApath must point to the CA's +# cert +# +cert = /home/kern/stunnel/stunnel.pem +CAfile = /home/kern/ssl/cacert.pem +verify = 2 +client = yes +# debug = 7 +# foreground = yes +[29102] +accept = localhost:29102 +connect = client:29102 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Starting and Testing the Control Channel} +\index[general]{Starting and Testing the Control Channel } +\index[general]{Channel!Starting and Testing the Control } + +It will most likely be the simplest to implement the Control Channel +encryption in the following order: + +\begin{itemize} +\item Stop Bacula. +\item Modify the Client resource in the Director's conf file. +\item Start Bacula +\item Start stunnel on the server with: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + stunnel stunnel-dir.conf + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Start stunnel on the client with: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + stunnel stunnel-fd1.conf + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Run a job. +\item If it doesn't work, turn debug on in both stunnel conf files, restart + the stunnels, rerun the job, repeat until it works. + \end{itemize} + +\section{Using stunnel to Encrypt to a Second Client} +\index[general]{Using stunnel to Encrypt to a Second Client } +\index[general]{Client!Using stunnel to Encrypt to a Second } + +On the client machine, you can just duplicate the setup that you have on the +first client file for file and it should work fine. + +In the bacula-dir.conf file, you will want to create a second client pretty +much identical to how you did for the first one, but the port number must be +unique. We previously used: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Client { + Name = client-fd + Address = localhost + FDPort = 29102 + Catalog = BackupDB + Password = "xxx" +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +so for the second client, we will, of course, have a different name, and we +will also need a different port. Remember that we used port 29103 for the +Storage daemon, so for the second client, we can use port 29104, and the +Client resource would look like: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Client { + Name = client2-fd + Address = localhost + FDPort = 29104 + Catalog = BackupDB + Password = "yyy" +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Now, fortunately, we do not need a third stunnel to on the Director's machine, +we can just add the new port to the config file, stunnel-dir.conf, to make: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Bacula stunnel conf for the Directory to contact a client +# +pid = /home/kern/bacula/bin/working/stunnel.pid +# +# A cert is not mandatory here. If verify=2, a +# cert signed by a CA must be specified, and +# either CAfile or CApath must point to the CA's +# cert +# +cert = /home/kern/stunnel/stunnel.pem +CAfile = /home/kern/ssl/cacert.pem +verify = 2 +client = yes +# debug = 7 +# foreground = yes +[29102] +accept = localhost:29102 +connect = client:29102 +[29104] +accept = localhost:29102 +connect = client2:29102 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +There are no changes necessary to the Storage daemon or the other stunnel so +that this new client can talk to our Storage daemon. + +\section{Creating a Self-signed Certificate} +\index[general]{Creating a Self-signed Certificate } +\index[general]{Certificate!Creating a Self-signed } + +You may create a self-signed certificate for use with stunnel that will permit +you to make it function, but will not allow certificate validation. The .pem +file containing both the certificate and the key can be made with the +following, which I put in a file named {\bf makepem}: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +#!/bin/sh +# +# Simple shell script to make a .pem file that can be used +# with stunnel and Bacula +# +OPENSSL=openssl + umask 77 + PEM1="/bin/mktemp openssl.XXXXXX" + PEM2="/bin/mktemp openssl.XXXXXX" + ${OPENSSL} req -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout $PEM1 -nodes \ + -x509 -days 365 -out $PEM2 + cat $PEM1 > stunnel.pem + echo "" >>stunnel.pem + cat $PEM2 >>stunnel.pem + rm $PEM1 $PEM2 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The above script will ask you a number of questions. You may simply answer +each of them by entering a return, or if you wish you may enter your own data. + + +\section{Getting a CA Signed Certificate} +\index[general]{Certificate!Getting a CA Signed } +\index[general]{Getting a CA Signed Certificate } + +The process of getting a certificate that is signed by a CA is quite a bit +more complicated. You can purchase one from quite a number of PKI vendors, but +that is not at all necessary for use with Bacula. + +To get a CA signed +certificate, you will either need to find a friend that has setup his own CA +or to become a CA yourself, and thus you can sign all your own certificates. +The book OpenSSL by John Viega, Matt Mesier \& Pravir Chandra from O'Reilly +explains how to do it, or you can read the documentation provided in the +Open-source PKI Book project at Source Forge: +\elink{ +http://ospkibook.sourceforge.net/docs/OSPKI-2.4.7/OSPKI-html/ospki-book.htm} +{http://ospkibook.sourceforge.net/docs/OSPKI-2.4.7/OSPKI-html/ospki-book.htm}. +Note, this link may change. + +\section{Using ssh to Secure the Communications} +\index[general]{Communications!Using ssh to Secure the } +\index[general]{Using ssh to Secure the Communications } + +Please see the script {\bf ssh-tunnel.sh} in the {\bf examples} directory. It +was contributed by Stephan Holl. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/misc/vars-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/misc/vars-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b03c3acc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/misc/vars-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Variable Expansion} +\label{VarsChapter} +\index[general]{Variable Expansion } +\index[general]{Expansion!Variable } + +% TODO: does the following mean that this should not be in book? + +Please note that as of version 1.37, the Variable Expansion +is deprecated and replaced by Python scripting (not yet +documented). + +Variable expansion is somewhat similar to Unix shell variable expansion. +Currently (version 1.31), it is used only in format labels, but in the future, +it will most likely be used in more places. + +\section{General Functionality} +\index[general]{Functionality!General } +\index[general]{General Functionality } + +This is basically a string expansion capability that permits referencing +variables, indexing arrays, conditional replacement of variables, case +conversion, substring selection, regular expression matching and replacement, +character class replacement, padding strings, repeated expansion in a user +controlled loop, support of arithmetic expressions in the loop start, step and +end conditions, and recursive expansion. + +When using variable expansion characters in a Volume Label Format record, the +format should always be enclosed in double quotes ({\bf "}). + +For example, {\bf \$\{HOME\}} will be replaced by your home directory as +defined in the environment. If you have defined the variable {\bf xxx} to be +{\bf Test}, then the reference {\bf \$\{xxx:p/7/Y/r\}} will right pad the +contents of {\bf xxx} to a length of seven characters filling with the +character {\bf Y} giving {\bf YYYTest}. + +\section{Bacula Variables} +\index[general]{Bacula Variables } +\index[general]{Variables!Bacula } + +Within Bacula, there are three main classes of variables with some minor +variations within the classes. The classes are: + +\begin{description} + +\item [Counters] + \index[general]{Counters } + Counters are defined by the {\bf Counter} resources in the Director's conf +file. The counter can either be a temporary counter that lasts for the +duration of Bacula's execution, or it can be a variable that is stored in +the catalog, and thus retains its value from one Bacula execution to another. +Counter variables may be incremented by postfixing a plus sign ({\bf +} after +the variable name). + +\item [Internal Variables] + \index[general]{Internal Variables } + Internal variables are read-only, and may be related to the current job (i.e. +Job name), or maybe special variables such as the date and time. The +following variables are available: + +\begin{itemize} +\item [Year] -- the full year +\item [Month] -- the current month 1-12 +\item [Day] -- the day of the month 1-31 +\item [Hour] -- the hour 0-24 +\item [Minute] -- the current minute 0-59 +\item [Second] -- the current second 0-59 +\item [WeekDay] -- the current day of the week 0-6 with 0 being Sunday +\item [Job] -- the job name +\item [general] -- the Director's name +\item [Level] -- the Job Level +\item [Type] -- the Job type +\item [JobId] -- the JobId +\item [JobName] -- the unique job name composed of Job and date +\item [Storage] -- the Storage daemon's name +\item [Client] -- the Client's name +\item [NumVols] -- the current number of Volumes in the Pool +\item [Pool] -- the Pool name +\item [Catalog] -- the Catalog name +\item [MediaType] -- the Media Type + \end{itemize} + +\item [Environment Variables] + \index[general]{Environment Variables } + Environment variables are read-only, and must be defined in the environment +prior to executing Bacula. Environment variables may be either scalar or an +array, where the elements of the array are referenced by subscripting the +variable name (e.g. {\bf \$\{Months[3]\}}). Environment variable arrays are +defined by separating the elements with a vertical bar ({\bf |}), thus {\bf +set Months="Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|..."} defines an environment variable named +{\bf Month} that will be treated as an array, and the reference {\bf +\$\{Months[3]\}} will yield {\bf Mar}. The elements of the array can have +differing lengths. +\end{description} + +\section{Full Syntax} +\index[general]{Syntax!Full } +\index[general]{Full Syntax } + +Since the syntax is quite extensive, below, you will find the pseudo BNF. The +special characters have the following meaning: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + ::= definition + ( ) grouping if the parens are not quoted + | separates alternatives + '/' literal / (or any other character) + CAPS a character or character sequence + * preceding item can be repeated zero or more times + ? preceding item can appear zero or one time + + preceding item must appear one or more times +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +And the pseudo BNF describing the syntax is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + input ::= ( TEXT + | variable + | INDEX_OPEN input INDEX_CLOSE (loop_limits)? + )* + variable ::= DELIM_INIT (name|expression) + name ::= (NAME_CHARS)+ + expression ::= DELIM_OPEN + (name|variable)+ + (INDEX_OPEN num_exp INDEX_CLOSE)? + (':' command)* + DELIM_CLOSE + command ::= '-' (TEXT_EXP|variable)+ + | '+' (TEXT_EXP|variable)+ + | 'o' NUMBER ('-'|',') (NUMBER)? + | '#' + | '*' (TEXT_EXP|variable)+ + | 's' '/' (TEXT_PATTERN)+ + '/' (variable|TEXT_SUBST)* + '/' ('m'|'g'|'i'|'t')* + | 'y' '/' (variable|TEXT_SUBST)+ + '/' (variable|TEXT_SUBST)* + '/' + | 'p' '/' NUMBER + '/' (variable|TEXT_SUBST)* + '/' ('r'|'l'|'c') + | '%' (name|variable)+ + ('(' (TEXT_ARGS)? ')')? + | 'l' + | 'u' + num_exp ::= operand + | operand ('+'|'-'|'*'|'/'|'%') num_exp + operand ::= ('+'|'-')? NUMBER + | INDEX_MARK + | '(' num_exp ')' + | variable + loop_limits ::= DELIM_OPEN + (num_exp)? ',' (num_exp)? (',' (num_exp)?)? + DELIM_CLOSE + NUMBER ::= ('0'|...|'9')+ + TEXT_PATTERN::= (^('/'))+ + TEXT_SUBST ::= (^(DELIM_INIT|'/'))+ + TEXT_ARGS ::= (^(DELIM_INIT|')'))+ + TEXT_EXP ::= (^(DELIM_INIT|DELIM_CLOSE|':'|'+'))+ + TEXT ::= (^(DELIM_INIT|INDEX_OPEN|INDEX_CLOSE))+ + DELIM_INIT ::= '$' + DELIM_OPEN ::= '{' + DELIM_CLOSE ::= '}' + INDEX_OPEN ::= '[' + INDEX_CLOSE ::= ']' + INDEX_MARK ::= '#' + NAME_CHARS ::= 'a'|...|'z'|'A'|...|'Z'|'0'|...|'9' +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Semantics} +\index[general]{Semantics } + +The items listed in {\bf command} above, which always follow a colon ({\bf :}) +have the following meanings: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + - perform substitution if variable is empty + + perform substitution if variable is not empty + o cut out substring of the variable value + # length of the variable value + * substitute empty string if the variable value is not empty, + otherwise substitute the trailing parameter + s regular expression search and replace. The trailing + options are: m = multiline, i = case insensitive, + g = global, t = plain text (no regexp) + y transpose characters from class A to class B + p pad variable to l = left, r = right or c = center, + with second value. + % special function call (none implemented) + l lower case the variable value + u upper case the variable value +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The {\bf loop\_limits} are start, step, and end values. + +A counter variable name followed immediately by a plus ({\bf +}) will cause +the counter to be incremented by one. + +\section{Examples} +\index[general]{Examples } + +To create an ISO date: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + DLT-${Year}-${Month:p/2/0/r}-${Day:p/2/0/r} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +on 20 June 2003 would give {\bf DLT-2003-06-20} + +If you set the environment variable {\bf mon} to + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + January|February|March|April|May|... + File-${mon[${Month}]}/${Day}/${Year} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +on the first of March would give {\bf File-March/1/2003 } diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/faq.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/faq.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/faq.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/faq.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/fdl.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/fdl.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/utility/fdl.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/fdl.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/firewalls.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/firewalls.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/firewalls.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/firewalls.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/kaboom.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/kaboom.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/kaboom.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/kaboom.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/problems.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/problems.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff6a874a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/problems.tex @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +%% +%% +%% The following characters must be preceded by a backslash +%% to be entered as printable characters: +%% +%% # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } +%% + +\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{book} + +\topmargin -0.5in +\oddsidemargin 0.0in +\evensidemargin 0.0in +\textheight 10in +\textwidth 6.5in + +\usepackage{html} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{bacula} +\usepackage{longtable} +\usepackage{makeidx} +\usepackage{index} +\usepackage{setspace} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{url} + + +\makeindex +\newindex{general}{idx}{ind}{General Index} + +\sloppy + +\begin{document} +\sloppy + +\newfont{\bighead}{cmr17 at 36pt} +\parskip 10pt +\parindent 0pt + +\title{\includegraphics{\idir bacula-logo.eps} \\ \bigskip + \Huge{Bacula Problem Resolution Guide} + \begin{center} + \large{It comes in the night and sucks + the essence from your computers. } + \end{center} +} + + +\author{Kern Sibbald} +\date{\vspace{1.0in}\today \\ + This manual documents Bacula version \input{version} \\ + \vspace{0.2in} + Copyright \copyright 1999-2010, Free Software Foundation Europe + e.V. \\ + \vspace{0.2in} + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the + GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". +} + +\maketitle + +\clearpage +\tableofcontents +\clearpage + +\include{faq} +\include{tips} +\include{tapetesting} +\include{firewalls} +\include{kaboom} +\include{fdl} + + +% The following line tells link_resolver.pl to not include these files: +% nolinks developersi baculai-dir baculai-fd baculai-sd baculai-console baculai-main + +% pull in the index +\clearpage +\printindex[general] + +\end{document} diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/rpm-faq.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/rpm-faq.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/rpm-faq.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/rpm-faq.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/tapetesting.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/tapetesting.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/tapetesting.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/tapetesting.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/tips.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/tips.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/problems/tips.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/problems/base/tips.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/version.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/version.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36878dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/base/version.tex @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +5.1.2 (26 February 2010) diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/faq-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/faq-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2fff751a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/faq-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,876 @@ +%% +%% +% TODO: maybe merge all this FAQ in with the appropriate section? +% TODO: and use detailed indexing to help reader + +\chapter{Bacula Frequently Asked Questions} +\label{FaqChapter} +\index[general]{Questions!Bacula Frequently Asked } +\index[general]{Bacula Frequently Asked Questions } + +These are questions that have been submitted over time by the +Bacula users. The following +FAQ is very useful, but it is not always up to date +with newer information, so after reading it, if you don't find what you +want, you might try the Bacula wiki maintained by Frank Sweetser, which +contains more than just a FAQ: +\elink{http://wiki.bacula.org}{http://wiki.bacula.org} +or go directly to the FAQ at: +\elink{http://wiki.bacula.org/doku.php?id=faq} +{http://wiki.bacula.org/doku.php?id=faq}. + +Please also see +\ilink{the bugs section}{BugsChapter} of this document for a list +of known bugs and solutions. + +\begin{description} +\label{what} +\section{What is Bacula?} +\item [What is {\bf Bacula}? ] + \index[general]{What is Bacula? } + {\bf Bacula} is a network backup and restore program. + +\section{Does Bacula support Windows?} +\item [Does Bacula support Windows?] +\index[general]{Does Bacula support Windows? } + Yes, Bacula compiles and runs on Windows machines (Win98, WinMe, WinXP, + WinNT, Win2003, and Win2000). We provide a binary version of the Client + (bacula-fd), but have not tested the Director nor the Storage daemon. + Note, Win95 is no longer supported because it doesn't have the + GetFileAttributesExA API call. + + +\label{lang} +\section{What language is Bacula written in?} +\item [What language is Bacula written in?] +\index[general]{What language is Bacula written in? } + It is written in C++, but it is mostly C code using only a limited set of + the C++ extensions over C. Thus Bacula is completely compiled using the + C++ compiler. There are several modules, including the Win32 interface, that + are written using the object oriented C++ features. Over time, we are slowly + adding a larger subset of C++. + +\label{run} +\section{On what machines does Bacula run?} +\item [On what machines does Bacula run? ] + \index[general]{On what machines does Bacula run? } + {\bf Bacula} builds and executes on Red Hat Linux (versions RH7.1-RHEL + 4.0, Fedora, SuSE, Gentoo, Debian, Mandriva, ...), FreeBSD, Solaris, + Alpha, SGI (client), NetBSD, OpenBSD, Mac OS X (client), and Win32. + + Bacula has been my only backup tool for over seven years backing up 8 + machines nightly (6 Linux boxes running SuSE, previously + Red Hat and Fedora, a WinXP machine, and a WinNT machine). + + +\label{stable} +\section{Is Bacula Stable?} +\item [Is Bacula Stable? ] +\index[general]{Is Bacula Stable? } + Yes, it is remarkably stable, but remember, there are still a lot of + unimplemented or partially implemented features. With a program of this + size (150,000+ lines of C++ code not including the SQL programs) there + are bound to be bugs. The current test environment (a twisted pair + local network and a HP DLT backup tape) is not exactly ideal, so + additional testing on other sites is necessary. The File daemon has + never crashed -- running months at a time with no intervention. The + Storage daemon is remarkably stable with most of the problems arising + during labeling or switching tapes. Storage daemon crashes are rare + but running multiple drives and simultaneous jobs sometimes (rarely) + problems. + The Director, given the multitude of functions it fulfills is also + relatively stable. In a production environment, it rarely if ever + crashes. Of the three daemons, the Director is the most prone to having + problems. Still, it frequently runs several months with no problems. + + There are a number of reasons for this stability. + + \begin{enumerate} + \item The program is constantly checking the chain of allocated + memory buffers to ensure that no overruns have occurred. \\ + \item All memory leaks (orphaned buffers) are reported each time the + program terminates.\\ + \item Any signal (segmentation fault, ...) generates a + traceback that is emailed to the developer. This permits quick + resolution of bugs even if they only show up rarely in a production + system.\\ + \item There is a reasonably comprehensive set of regression tests + that avoids re-creating the most common errors in new versions of + Bacula. + \end{enumerate} + +\label{AuthorizationErrors} +\section{I'm Getting Authorization Errors. What is Going On? } +\item [I'm Getting Authorization Errors. What is Going On? ] +\index[general]{Authorization Errors} +\index[general]{Concurrent Jobs} + For security reasons, Bacula requires that both the File daemon and the + Storage daemon know the name of the Director as well as its password. As a + consequence, if you change the Director's name or password, you must make + the corresponding change in the Storage daemon's and in the File daemon's + configuration files. + + During the authorization process, the Storage daemon and File daemon + also require that the Director authenticates itself, so both ends + require the other to have the correct name and password. + + If you have edited the conf files and modified any name or any password, + and you are getting authentication errors, then your best bet is to go + back to the original conf files generated by the Bacula installation + process. Make only the absolutely necessary modifications to these + files -- e.g. add the correct email address. Then follow the + instructions in the \ilink{ Running Bacula}{TutorialChapter} chapter of + this manual. You will run a backup to disk and a restore. Only when + that works, should you begin customization of the conf files. + + Another reason that you can get authentication errors is if you are + running Multiple Concurrent Jobs in the Director, but you have not set + them in the File daemon or the Storage daemon. Once you reach their + limit, they will reject the connection producing authentication (or + connection) errors. + + If you are having problems connecting to a Windows machine that + previously worked, you might try restarting the Bacula service since + Windows frequently encounters networking connection problems. + + Some users report that authentication fails if there is not a proper + reverse DNS lookup entry for the machine. This seems to be a + requirement of gethostbyname(), which is what Bacula uses to translate + names into IP addresses. If you cannot add a reverse DNS entry, or you + don't know how to do so, you can avoid the problem by specifying an IP + address rather than a machine name in the appropriate Bacula conf file. + + Here is a picture that indicates what names/passwords in which + files/Resources must match up: + + \includegraphics{\idir Conf-Diagram.eps} + + In the left column, you will find the Director, Storage, and Client + resources, with their names and passwords -- these are all in {\bf + bacula-dir.conf}. The right column is where the corresponding values + should be found in the Console, Storage daemon (SD), and File daemon (FD) + configuration files. + + Another thing to check is to ensure that the Bacula component you are + trying to access has {\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs} set large enough to + handle each of the Jobs and the Console that want to connect + simultaneously. Once the maximum connections has been reached, each + Bacula component will reject all new connections. + + Finally, make sure you have no {\bf hosts.allow} or {\bf hosts.deny} + file that is not permitting access to the site trying to connect. + +\label{AccessProblems} +\section{Bacula Runs Fine but Cannot Access a Client on a Different Machine. + Why? } +\item [Bacula Runs Fine but Cannot Access a Client on a Different Machine. + Why? ] +\index[general]{Cannot Access a Client} + There are several reasons why Bacula could not contact a client on a + different machine. They are: + +\begin{itemize} +\item It is a Windows Client, and the client died because of an improper + configuration file. Check that the Bacula icon is in the system tray and the + the menu items work. If the client has died, the icon will disappear only + when you move the mouse over the icon. +\item The Client address or port is incorrect or not resolved by DNS. See if + you can ping the client machine using the same address as in the Client + record. +\item You have a firewall, and it is blocking traffic on port 9102 between + the Director's machine and the Client's machine (or on port 9103 between the + Client and the Storage daemon machines). +\item Your password or names are not correct in both the Director and the + Client machine. Try configuring everything identical to how you run the + client on the same machine as the Director, but just change the Address. If + that works, make the other changes one step at a time until it works. +\item You may also be having problems between your File daemon and your + Storage daemon. The name you use in the Storage resource of your + Director's conf file must be known (resolvable) by the File daemon, + because it is passed symbolically to the File daemon, which then + resolves it to get an IP address used to contact the Storage daemon. +\item You may have a {\bf hosts.allow} or {\bf hosts.deny} file that is + not permitting access. +\end{itemize} + +\label{startover} +\section{My Catalog is Full of Test Runs, How Can I Start Over?} +\item [My Catalog is Full of Test Runs, How Can I Start Over? ] + \index[general]{My Catalog is Full of Test Runs, How Can I Start Over? } + If you are using MySQL do the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + cd /src/cats + ./drop_mysql_tables + ./make_mysql_tables + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you are using SQLite, do the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Delete bacula.db from your working directory. + cd /src/cats + ./drop_sqlite_tables + ./make_sqlite_tables + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Then write an EOF on each tape you used with {\bf Bacula} using: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mt -f /dev/st0 rewind +mt -f /dev/st0 weof +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where you need to adjust the device name for your system. + +\label{restorehang} +\section{I Run a Restore Job and Bacula Hangs. What do I do?} +\item [I Run a Restore Job and Bacula Hangs. What do I do?] +\index[general]{I Run a Restore Job and Bacula Hangs. What do I do? } + On Bacula version 1.25 and prior, it expects you to have the correct + tape mounted prior to a restore. On Bacula version 1.26 and higher, it + will ask you for the tape, and if the wrong one is mounted, it will + inform you. + + If you have previously done an {\bf unmount} command, all Storage daemon + sessions (jobs) will be completely blocked from using the drive + unmounted, so be sure to do a {\bf mount} after your unmount. If in + doubt, do a second {\bf mount}, it won't cause any harm. + +\label{windowstart} +\section{I Cannot Get My Windows Client to Start Automatically? } +\item [I Cannot Get My Windows Client to Start Automatically? ] +\index[general]{Windows Auto Start} + You are probably having one of two problems: either the Client is dying + due to an incorrect configuration file, or you didn't do the + Installation commands necessary to install it as a Windows Service. + + For the first problem, see the next FAQ question. For the second + problem, please review the \ilink{ Windows Installation + instructions}{Win32Chapter} in this manual. + +\label{windowsdie} +\section{My Windows Client Immediately Dies When I Start It} +\item [My Windows Client Immediately Dies When I Start It] +\index[general]{Windows Client Dies} +The most common problem is either that the configuration file is not where +it expects it to be, or that there is an error in the configuration file. +You must have the configuration file in {\bf +c:\textbackslash{}bacula\textbackslash{}bin\textbackslash{}bacula-fd.conf}. + +To {\bf see} what is going on when the File daemon starts on Windows, do the +following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Start a DOS shell Window. + cd c:\bacula\bin + bacula-fd -d100 -c c:\bacula\bin\bacula-fd.conf + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This will cause the FD to write a file {\bf bacula.trace} in the current +directory, which you can examine and thereby determine the problem. + +\label{scroll} +\item [When I Start the Console, the Error Messages Fly By. How can I see + them? ] +\index[general]{Error Messages} + Either use a shell window with a scroll bar, or use the gnome-console. + In any case, you probably should be logging all output to a file, and + then you can simply view the file using an editor or the {\bf less} + program. To log all output, I have the following in my Director's + Message resource definition: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + append = "/home/kern/bacula/bin/log" = all, !skipped + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Obviously you will want to change the filename to be appropriate for your +system. + +\label{nobackup} +\section{My backups are not working on my Windows + Client. What should I do?} +\item [I didn't realize that the backups were not working on my Windows + Client. What should I do? ] +\index[general]{Backups Failing} +You should be sending yourself an email message for each job. This will avoid +the possibility of not knowing about a failed backup. To do so put something +like: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Mail = yourname@yourdomain = all, !skipped + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +in your Director's message resource. You should then receive one email for +each Job that ran. When you are comfortable with what is going on (it took +me 9 months), you might change that to: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + MailOnError = yourname@yourdomain = all, !skipped + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +then you only get email messages when a Job errors as is the case for your +Windows machine. + +You should also be logging the Director's messages, please see the previous +FAQ for how to do so. + +\label{sched} +\section{All my Jobs are scheduled for the same time. Will this cause + problems?} +\item [All my Jobs are scheduled for the same time. Will this cause + problems? ] +\index[general]{Schedule problems} + No, not at all. Bacula will schedule all the Jobs at the same time, but + will run them one after another unless you have increased the number of + simultaneous jobs in the configuration files for the Director, the File + daemon, and the Storage daemon. The appropriate configuration record is + {\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs = nn}. At the current time, we recommend + that you leave this set to {\bf 1} for the Director. + +\label{disk} +\section{Can Bacula Backup My System To Files instead of Tape?} +\item [Can Bacula Backup My System To Files instead of Tape? ] +\index[general]{Backup to Disk} + Yes, in principle, Bacula can backup to any storage medium as long as + you have correctly defined that medium in the Storage daemon's Device + resource. For an example of how to backup to files, please see the + \ilink{Pruning Example}{PruningExample} in the Recycling chapter of this + manual. Also, there is a whole chapter devoted to \ilink{Basic Volume + Management}{DiskChapter}. This chapter was originally written to + explain how to write to disk, but was expanded to include volume + management. It is, however, still quite a good chapter to read. + +\label{testbackup} +\section{Can I use a dummy device to test the backup?} + Yes, to have a {\sl Virtual} device which just consumes data, you can use a + FIFO device (see \ilink{Stored configuration}{SetupFifo}). + It's useful to test a backup. +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Device { + Name = NULL + Media Type = NULL + Device Type = Fifo + Archive Device = /dev/null + LabelMedia = yes + Random Access = no + AutomaticMount = no + RemovableMedia = no + MaximumOpenWait = 60 + AlwaysOpen = no +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\label{bigfiles} +\section{Can Bacula Backup and Restore Files Bigger than 2 Gigabytes?} +\item [Can Bacula Backup and Restore Files Bigger than 2 Gigabytes?] +\index[general]{Large file support} +If your operating system permits it, and you are running Bacula version +1.26 or later, the answer is yes. To the best of our knowledge all client +system supported by Bacula can handle files bigger 2 Gigabytes. + +\label{cancel} +\section{I want to stop a job.} +%% Is there a better way than "./bacula stop" to stop it?} +\item [I Started A Job then Decided I Really Did Not Want to Run It. Is + there a better way than {\bf ./bacula stop} to stop it?] +\index[general]{Cancelling jobs} + Yes, you normally should use the Console command {\bf cancel} to cancel + a Job that is either scheduled or running. If the Job is scheduled, it + will be marked for cancellation and will be canceled when it is + scheduled to start. If it is running, it will normally terminate after + a few minutes. If the Job is waiting on a tape mount, you may need to + do a {\bf mount} command before it will be canceled. + +\label{trademark} +\section{Why have You Trademarked the Name Bacula?} +\item [Why have You Trademarked the Name + Bacula\raisebox{.6ex}{{\footnotesize \textsuperscript{\textregistered}}}?] +\index[general]{Bacula Trademark} +We have trademarked the name Bacula to ensure that all media written by any +program named Bacula will always be compatible. Anyone may use the name +Bacula, even in a derivative product as long as it remains totally compatible +in all respects with the program defined here. + +\label{docversion} +\section{Why is the Online Document for Version 1.39 but the Released Version is 1.38?} +\item [Why is the Online Document for Version 1.39 of Bacula when the + Current Version is 1.38?] +\index[general]{Multiple manuals} +As Bacula is being developed, the document is also being enhanced, more +often than not it has clarifications of existing features that can be very +useful to our users, so we publish the very latest document. Fortunately +it is rare that there are confusions with new features. + +If you want to read a document that pertains only to a specific version, +please use the one distributed in the source code. The web site also has +online versions of both the released manual and the current development +manual. + +\label{sure} +\section{Does Bacula really save and restore all files?} +\item [How Can I Be Sure that Bacula Really Saves and Restores All Files? ] +\index[general]{Checking Restores} + It is really quite simple, but took me a while to figure + out how to "prove" it. First make a Bacula Rescue disk, see the + \ilink{Disaster Recovery Using Bacula}{RescueChapter} chapter + of this manual. + Second, you run a full backup of all your files on all partitions. + Third, you run an Verify InitCatalog Job on the same FileSet, which + effectively makes a record of all the files on your system. Fourth, you + run a Verify Catalog job and assure yourself that nothing has changed + (well, between an InitCatalog and Catalog one doesn't expect anything). + Then do the unthinkable, write zeros on your MBR (master boot record) + wiping out your hard disk. Now, restore your whole system using your + Bacula Rescue disk and the Full backup you made, and finally re-run the + Verify Catalog job. You will see that with the exception of the + directory modification and access dates and the files changed during the + boot, your system is identical to what it was before you wiped your hard + disk. + Alternatively you could do the wiping and restoring to another computer + of the same type. + +\label{upgrade} +\section{I want an Incremental but Bacula runs it as a Full backup. Why?} +\item [I did a Full backup last week, but now in running an Incremental, + Bacula says it did not find a FULL backup, so it did a FULL backup. Why?] +\index[general]{FULL backup not found} + Before doing an Incremental or a Differential + backup, Bacula checks to see if there was a prior Full backup of the + same Job that terminated successfully. If so, it uses the date that + full backup started as the time for comparing if files have changed. If + Bacula does not find a successful full backup, it proceeds to do one. + Perhaps you canceled the full backup, or it terminated in error. In + such cases, the full backup will not be successful. You can check by + entering {\bf list jobs} and look to see if there is a prior Job with + the same Name that has Level F and JobStatus T (normal termination). + + Another reason why Bacula may not find a suitable Full backup is that + every time you change the FileSet, Bacula will require a new Full + backup. This is necessary to ensure that all files are properly backed + up in the case where you have added more files to the FileSet. + Beginning with version 1.31, the FileSets are also dated when they are + created, and this date is displayed with the name when you are listing + or selecting a FileSet. For more on backup levels see below. + + See also {\bf Ignore FileSet Changes} in the + \ilink{FileSet Resource definition}{FileSetResource} in the Director + chapter of this document. + +\label{filenamelengths} +\section{Do you really handle unlimited path lengths?} +\item [How Can You Claim to Handle Unlimited Path and Filename Lengths + when All Other Programs Have Fixed Limits?] +\index[general]{Path and Filename Lengths} + Most of those other programs have been around for a long time, in fact + since the beginning of Unix, which means that they were designed for + rather small fixed length path and filename lengths. Over the years, + these restrictions have been relaxed allowing longer names. Bacula on + the other hand was designed in 2000, and so from the start, Path and + Filenames have been kept in buffers that start at 256 bytes in length, + but can grow as needed to handle any length. Most of the work is + carried out by lower level routines making the coding rather easy. + + Note that due to limitations Win32 path and filenames cannot exceed + 260 characters. By using Win32 Unicode functions, we will remove this + restriction in later versions of Bacula. + +\label{unique} +\section{What Is the Really Unique Feature of Bacula?} +\item [What Is the Really Unique Feature of Bacula?] +\index[general]{Unique Feature of Bacula} + Well, it is hard to come up with unique features when backup programs + for Unix machines have been around since the 1960s. That said, I + believe that Bacula is the first and only program to use a standard SQL + interface to catalog its database. Although this adds a bit of + complexity and possibly overhead, it provides an amazingly rich set of + features that are easy to program and enhance. The current code has + barely scratched the surface in this regard (version 1.38). + + The second feature, which gives a lot of power and flexibility to Bacula + is the Bootstrap record definition. + + The third unique feature, which is currently (1.30) unimplemented, and + thus can be called vaporware :-), is Base level saves. When + implemented, this will enormously reduce tape usage. + +\label{sequence} +\section{How can I force one job to run after another?} +\item [If I Run Multiple Simultaneous Jobs, How Can I Force One + Particular Job to Run After Another Job? ] +\index[general]{Multiple Simultaneous Jobs} +Yes, you can set Priorities on your jobs so that they run in the order you +specify. Please see: +\ilink{the Priority record}{Priority} in the Job resource. + +\label{nomail} +\section{I Am Not Getting Email Notification, What Can I Do? } +\item [I Am Not Getting Email Notification, What Can I Do? ] +\index[general]{No Email Notification} + The most common problem is that you have not specified a fully qualified + email address and your bsmtp server is rejecting the mail. The next + most common problem is that your bsmtp server doesn't like the syntax on + the From part of the message. For more details on this and other + problems, please see the \ilink{ Getting Email Notification to + Work}{email} section of the Tips chapter of this manual. The section + \ilink{ Getting Notified of Job Completion}{notification} of the Tips + chapter may also be useful. For more information on the {\bf bsmtp} + mail program, please see \ilink{bsmtp in the Volume Utility Tools + chapter}{bsmtp} of this manual. + +\label{periods} +\section{My retention periods don't work} +\item [I Change Recycling, Retention Periods, or File Sizes in my Pool + Resource and they Still Don't Work.] +\index[general]{Recycling} +\index[general]{Retention Periods} +\index[general]{Pool changes} + The different variables associated with a Pool are defined in the Pool + Resource, but are actually read by Bacula from the Catalog database. On + Bacula versions prior to 1.30, after changing your Pool Resource, you must + manually update the corresponding values in the Catalog by using the {\bf + update pool} command in the Console program. In Bacula version 1.30, Bacula + does this for you automatically every time it starts. + + When Bacula creates a Media record (Volume), it uses many default values from + the Pool record. If you subsequently change the Pool record, the new values + will be used as a default for the next Volume that is created, but if you + want the new values to apply to existing Volumes, you must manually update + the Volume Catalog entry using the {\bf update volume} command in the Console + program. + +\label{CompressionNotWorking} +\section{Why aren't my files compressed?} +\item [I Have Configured Compression On, But None of My Files Are + Compressed. Why?] +\index[general]{Compression} + There are two kinds of compression. One is tape compression. This is done by + the tape drive hardware, and you either enable or disable it with system + tools such as {\bf mt}. This compression works independently of Bacula, + and when it is enabled, you should not use the Bacula software + compression. + + Bacula also has software compression code in the File daemons, which you + normally need to enable only when backing up to file Volumes. There are + two conditions necessary to enable the Bacula software compression. + +\begin{enumerate} +\item You must have the zip development libraries loaded on your system + when building Bacula and Bacula must find this library, normally {\bf + /usr/lib/libz.a}. On Red Hat systems, this library is provided by the + {\bf zlib-devel} rpm. + + If the library is found by Bacula during the {\bf ./configure} it will + be mentioned in the {\bf config.out} line by: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + ZLIB support: yes + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item You must add the {\bf compression=gzip} option on your Include + statement in the Director's configuration file. +\end{enumerate} + +\label{NewTape} +\item [Bacula is Asking for a New Tape After 2 GB of Data but My Tape + holds 33 GB. Why?] +\index[general]{Tape capacity} +There are several reasons why Bacula will request a new tape. + +\begin{itemize} +\item There is an I/O error on the tape. Bacula prints an error message and + requests a new tape. Bacula does not attempt to continue writing after an + I/O error. +\item Bacula encounters and end of medium on the tape. This is not always + distinguishable from an I/O error. +\item You have specifically set some size limitation on the tape. For example + the {\bf Maximum Volume Bytes} or {\bf Maximum Volume Files} in the + Director's Pool resource, or {\bf Maximum Volume Size} in the Storage + daemon's Device resource. +\end{itemize} + +\label{LevelChanging} +\section{Incremental backups are not working} +\item [Bacula is Not Doing the Right Thing When I Request an Incremental + Backup. Why?] +\index[general]{Incremental backups} + As explained in one of the previous questions, Bacula will automatically + upgrade an Incremental or Differential job to a Full backup if it cannot + find a prior Full backup or a suitable Full backup. For the gory + details on how/when Bacula decides to upgrade levels please see the + \ilink{Level record}{Level} in the Director's configuration chapter of + this manual. + + If after reading the above mentioned section, you believe that Bacula is not + correctly handling the level (Differential/Incremental), please send us the + following information for analysis: + +\begin{itemize} +\item Your Director's configuration file. +\item The output from {\bf list jobs} covering the period where you are + having the problem. +\item The Job report output from the prior Full save (not critical). +\item An {\bf llist jobid=nnn} where nnn is the JobId of the prior Full save. + +\item The Job report output from the save that is doing the wrong thing (not + critical). +\item An {\bf llist jobid=nnn} where nnn is the JobId of the job that was not + correct. +\item An explanation of what job went wrong and why you think it did. + \end{itemize} + +The above information can allow us to analyze what happened, without it, +there is not much we can do. + +\label{WaitForever} +\section{I am waiting forever for a backup of an offsite machine} +\item [I am Backing Up an Offsite Machine with an Unreliable Connection. + The Director Waits Forever for the Client to Contact the SD. What Can I + Do?] +\index[general]{Backing Up Offsite Machines} + Bacula was written on the assumption that it will have a good TCP/IP + connection between all the daemons. As a consequence, the current + Bacula doesn't deal with faulty connections very well. This situation + is slowly being corrected over time. + + There are several things you can do to improve the situation. + +\begin{itemize} +\item Upgrade to version 1.32 and use the new SDConnectTimeout record. For + example, set: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + SD Connect Timeout = 5 min + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +in the FileDaemon resource. +\item Run these kinds of jobs after all other jobs. + \end{itemize} + +\label{sshHanging} +\section{SSH hangs forever after starting Bacula} +\item [When I ssh into a machine and start Bacula then attempt to exit, + ssh hangs forever.] +\index[general]{ssh hangs} + This happens because Bacula leaves stdin, stdout, and stderr open for + debug purposes. To avoid it, the simplest thing to do is to redirect + the output of those files to {\bf /dev/null} or another file in your + startup script (the Red Hat autostart scripts do this automatically). + For example, you start the Director with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + bacula-dir -c bacula-dir.conf ... >/dev/null 0>\&1 2>\&1 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and likewise for the other daemons. + +\label{RetentionPeriods} +\section{I'm confused by retention periods} +\item [I'm confused by the different Retention periods: File Retention, + Job Retention, Volume Retention. Why are there so many?] +\index[general]{Retention Periods} + Yes, this certainly can be confusing. The basic reason for so many is + to allow flexibility. The File records take quite a lot of space in the + catalog, so they are typically records you want to remove rather + quickly. The Job records, take very little space, and they can be + useful even without the File records to see what Jobs actually ran and + when. One must understand that if the File records are removed from the + catalog, you cannot use the {\bf restore} command to restore an + individual file since Bacula no longer knows where it is. However, as + long as the Volume Retention period has not expired, the data will still + be on the tape, and can be recovered from the tape. + + For example, I keep a 30 day retention period for my Files to keep my + catalog from getting too big, but I keep my tapes for a minimum of one + year, just in case. + +\label{MaxVolumeSize} +\section{MaxVolumeSize is ignored} +\item [Why Does Bacula Ignore the MaxVolumeSize Set in my Pool?] +\index[general]{MaxVolumeSize} + The MaxVolumeSize that Bacula uses comes from the Media record, so most + likely you changed your Pool, which is used as the default for creating + Media records, {\bf after} you created your Volume. Check what is in + the Media record by doing: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +llist Volume=xxx +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If it doesn't have the right value, you can use: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +update Volume=xxx +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +to change it. + +\label{ConnectionRefused} +\section{I get a Connection refused when connecting to my Client} +\item [In connecting to my Client, I get "ERR:Connection Refused. Packet + Size too big from File daemon:192.168.1.4:9102" Why?] +\index[general]{ERR:Connection Refused} + This is typically a communications error resulting from one of the + following: + + +\begin{itemize} +\item Old versions of Bacula, usually a Win32 client, where two threads were + using the same I/O packet. Fixed in more recent versions. Please upgrade. +\item Some other program such as an HP Printer using the same port (9102 in + this case). +\end{itemize} + +If it is neither of the above, please submit a bug report at +\elink{bugs.bacula.org}{http://bugs.bacula.org}. + +Another solution might be to run the daemon with the debug option by: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Start a DOS shell Window. + cd c:\bacula\bin + bacula-fd -d100 -c c:\bacula\bin\bacula-fd.conf + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This will cause the FD to write a file {\bf bacula.trace} in the current +directory, which you can examine to determine the problem. + +\section{Long running jobs die with Pipe Error} +\item [During long running jobs my File daemon dies with Pipe Error, or + some other communications error. Why?] +\index[general]{Communications Errors} +\index[general]{Pipe Errors} +\index[general]{slow} +\index[general]{Backups!slow} + There are a number of reasons why a connection might break. + Most often, it is a router between your two computers that times out + inactive lines (not respecting the keepalive feature that Bacula uses). + In that case, you can use the {\bf Heartbeat Interval} directive in + both the Storage daemon and the File daemon. + + In at least one case, the problem has been a bad driver for a Win32 + NVidia NForce 3 ethernet card with driver (4.4.2 17/05/2004). + In this case, a good driver is (4.8.2.0 06/04/2005). Moral of + the story, make sure you have the latest ethernet drivers + loaded, or use the following workaround as suggested by Thomas + Simmons for Win32 machines: + + Browse to: + Start \gt{} Control Panel \gt{} Network Connections + + Right click the connection for the nvidia adapter and select properties. + Under the General tab, click "Configure...". Under the Advanced tab set + "Checksum Offload" to disabled and click OK to save the change. + + Lack of communications, or communications that get interrupted can + also be caused by Linux firewalls where you have a rule that throttles + connections or traffic. For example, if you have: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +iptables -t filter -A INPUT -m limit --limit 3/second --limit-burst 3 -j DROP +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + you will want to add the following rules {\bf before} the above rule: +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +iptables -t filter -A INPUT --dport 9101 -j ACCEPT +iptables -t filter -A INPUT --dport 9102 -j ACCEPT +iptables -t filter -A INPUT --dport 9103 -j ACCEPT +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + This will ensure that any Bacula traffic will not get terminated because + of high usage rates. + +\section{How do I tell the Job which Volume to use?} +\item[I can't figure out how to tell the job which volume to use] + \index[general]{What tape to mount} + This is an interesting statement. I now see that a number of people new to + Bacula have the same problem as you, probably from using programs like tar. + + In fact, you do not tell Bacula what tapes to use. It is the inverse. Bacula + tells you want tapes it wants. You put tapes at its disposition and it + chooses. + + Now, if you *really* want to be tricky and try to tell Bacula what to do, it + will be reasonable if for example you mount a valid tape that it can use on a + drive, it will most likely go ahead and use it. It also has a documented + algorithm for choosing tapes -- but you are asking for problems ... + + So, the trick is to invert your concept of things and put Bacula in charge of + handling the tapes. Once you do that, you will be fine. If you want to + anticipate what it is going to do, you can generally figure it out correctly + and get what you want. + + If you start with the idea that you are going to force or tell Bacula to use + particular tapes or you insist on trying to run in that kind of mode, you will + probably not be too happy. + + I don't want to worry about what tape has what data. That is what Bacula is + designed for. + + If you have an application where you *really* need to remove a tape each day + and insert a new one, it can be done the directives exist to accomplish that. + In such a case, one little "trick" to knowing what tape Bacula will want at + 2am while you are asleep is to run a tiny job at 4pm while you are still at + work that backs up say one directory, or even one file. You will quickly find + out what tape it wants, and you can mount it before you go home ... + +\label{Password generation} +\section{Password generation} +\item [How do I generate a password?] +\index[general]{MaxVolumeSize} + + Each daemon needs a password. This password occurs in the configuration + file for that daemon and in the bacula-dir.conf file. These passwords are + plain text. There is no special generation procedure. Most people just + use random text. + + Passwords are never sent over the wire in plain text. They are always + encrypted. + + Security surrounding these passwords is best left security to your + operating system. Passwords are not encrypted within Bacula + configuration files. + +\end{description} + diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/fdl-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/fdl-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b46cd990 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/fdl-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +% TODO: maybe get rid of centering + +\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License} +\index[general]{GNU Free Documentation License} +\index[general]{License!GNU Free Documentation} + +\label{label_fdl} + + \begin{center} + + Version 1.2, November 2002 + + + Copyright \copyright 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + \bigskip + + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + + \bigskip + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +\end{center} + + +\begin{center} +{\bf\large Preamble} +\end{center} + +The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other +functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to +assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, +with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. +Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way +to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible +for modifications made by others. + +This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative +works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It +complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft +license designed for free software. + +We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free +software, because free software needs free documentation: a free +program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the +software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; +it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or +whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License +principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. + + +\begin{center} +{\Large\bf 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS} +\end{center} + +This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that +contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be +distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a +world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that +work under the conditions stated herein. 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This is +especially true if you are trying to backup a Client across the Internet. + +\section{Technical Details} +\index[general]{Technical Details } +\index[general]{Details!Technical } + +If you are attempting to do this, the sequence of network events in Bacula to +do a backup are the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Console -> DIR:9101 +DIR -> SD:9103 +DIR -> FD:9102 +FD -> SD:9103 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Where hopefully it is obvious that DIR represents the Director, FD the File +daemon or client, and SD the Storage daemon. The numbers that follow those +names are the standard ports used by Bacula, and the \verb:->: represents the +left side making a connection to the right side (i.e. the right side is the +"server" or is listening on the specified port), and the left side is the +"client" that initiates the conversation. + +Note, port 9103 serves both the Director and the File daemon, each having its +own independent connection. + +If you are running {\bf iptables}, you might add something like: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +-A FW-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9101:9103 -j ACCEPT +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +on your server, and + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +-A FW-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9102 -j ACCEPT +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +on your client. In both cases, I assume that the machine is allowed to +initiate connections on any port. If not, you will need to allow outgoing +connections on ports 9102 and 9103 on your server and 9103 on your client. +Thanks to Raymond Norton for this tip. + +\section{A Concrete Example} +\index[general]{Example!Concrete } +\index[general]{Concrete Example } + +The following discussion was originally written by +Jesse Guardiani because he has 'internal' and 'external' requiring the +Director and the Client to use different IP addresses. His original +solution was to define two different Storage resources in the Director's +conf file each pointing to the same Storage daemon but with different +IP addresses. In Bacula 1.38.x this no longer works, because Bacula makes +a one-to-one association between a Storage daemon resource and a Device (such +as an Autochanger). As a consequence, I have modified his original +text to a method that I believe will work, but is as of yet untested +(KES - July 2006). + +My bacula server is on the 192.168.1.0/24 network at IP address 192.168.1.52. +For the sake of discussion we will refer to this network as the 'internal' +network because it connects to the internet through a NAT'd firewall. We will +call the network on the public (internet) side of the NAT'd firewall the +'external' network. Also, for the sake of discussion we will call my bacula +server: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + server.int.mydomain.tld +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +when a fully qualified domain name is required, or simply: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + server +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +if a hostname is adequate. We will call the various bacula daemons running on +the server.int.mydomain.tld machine: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + server-fd + server-sd + server-dir +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +In addition, I have two clients that I want to back up with Bacula. The first +client is on the internal network. Its fully qualified domain name is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + private1.int.mydomain.tld +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +And its hostname is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + private1 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This machine is a client and therefore runs just one bacula daemon: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + private1-fd +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The second client is on the external network. Its fully qualified domain name +is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + public1.mydomain.tld +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +And its hostname is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + public1 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This machine also runs just one bacula daemon: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + public1-fd +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Finally, I have a NAT firewall/gateway with two network interfaces. The first +interface is on the internal network and serves as a gateway to the internet +for all the machines attached to the internal network (For example, +server.int.mydomain.tld and private1.int.mydomain.tld). The second interface +is on the external (internet) network. The external interface has been +assigned the name: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + firewall.mydomain.tld +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Remember: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + *.int.mydomain.tld = internal network + *.mydomain.tld = external network +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\subsection{The Bacula Configuration Files for the Above} +\index[general]{Above!Bacula Configuration Files for the } +\index[general]{Bacula Configuration Files for the Above } + +server-sd manages a 4 tape AIT autoloader. All of my backups are written to +server-sd. I have just *one* Device resource in my server-sd.conf file: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Autochanger { + Name = "autochanger1";\ + Device = Drive0 + Changer Device = /dev/ch0; + Changer Command = "/usr/local/sbin/chio-bacula %c %o %S %a"; +} +Device { + Name = Drive0 + DriveIndex = 0 + Media Type = AIT-1; + Archive Device = /dev/nrsa1; + Label Media = yes; + AutoChanger = yes; + AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it + AlwaysOpen = yes; + Hardware End of Medium = No + Fast Forward Space File = No + BSF at EOM = yes +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +(note, please see +\ilink{the Tape Testing}{FreeBSDTapes} chapter of this manual +for important FreeBSD information.) However, unlike previously, there +is only one Storage definition in my server-dir.conf file: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Storage { + Name = "autochanger1" # Storage device for backing up + Address = Storage-server + SDPort = 9103 + Password = "mysecretpassword" + Device = "autochanger1" + Media Type = AIT-1 + Autochanger = yes +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Note that the Storage resource uses neither of the two addresses to +the Storage daemon -- neither server.int.mydomain.tld nor +firewall.mydomain.tld, but instead uses the address Storage-server. + +What is key is that in the internal net, Storage-server is resolved +to server.int.mydomain.tld, either with an entry in /etc/hosts, or by +creating and appropriate DNS entry, and on the external net (the Client +machine), Storage-server is resolved to firewall.mydomain.tld. + + +In addition to the above, I have two Client resources defined in +server-dir.conf: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Client { + Name = private1-fd + Address = private1.int.mydomain.tld + FDPort = 9102 + Catalog = MyCatalog + Password = "mysecretpassword" # password for FileDaemon +} +Client { + Name = public1-fd + Address = public1.mydomain.tld + FDPort = 9102 + Catalog = MyCatalog + Password = "mysecretpassword" # password for FileDaemon +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +And finally, to tie it all together, I have two Job resources defined in +server-dir.conf: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Job { + Name = "Private1-Backup" + Type = Backup + Client = private1-fd + FileSet = "Private1" + Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" + Storage = "autochanger1-int" + Messages = Standard + Pool = "Weekly" + Write Bootstrap = "/var/db/bacula/Private1-Backup.bsr" + Priority = 12 +} +Job { + Name = "Public1-Backup" + Type = Backup + Client = public1-fd + FileSet = "Public1" + Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" + Storage = "autochanger1-ext" + Messages = Standard + Pool = "Weekly" + Write Bootstrap = "/var/db/bacula/Public1-Backup.bsr" + Priority = 13 +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +It is important to notice that because the 'Private1-Backup' Job is intended +to back up a machine on the internal network so it resolves Storage-server +to contact the Storage daemon via the internal net. +On the other hand, the 'Public1-Backup' Job is intended to +back up a machine on the external network, so it resolves Storage-server +to contact the Storage daemon via the external net. + +I have left the Pool, Catalog, Messages, FileSet, Schedule, and Director +resources out of the above server-dir.conf examples because they are not +pertinent to the discussion. + +\subsection{How Does It Work?} +\index[general]{How Does It Work? } +\index[general]{Work!How Does It } + +If I want to run a backup of private1.int.mydomain.tld and store that backup +using server-sd then my understanding of the order of events is this: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item I execute my Bacula 'console' command on server.int.mydomain.tld. +\item console connects to server-dir. +\item I tell console to 'run' backup Job 'Private1-Backup'. +\item console relays this command to server-dir. +\item server-dir connects to private1-fd at private1.int.mydomain.tld:9102 +\item server-dir tells private1-fd to start sending the files defined in the + 'Private1-Backup' Job's FileSet resource to the Storage resource + 'autochanger1', which we have defined in server-dir.conf as having the +address:port of Storage-server, which is mapped by DNS to server.int.mydomain.tld. +\item private1-fd connects to server.int.mydomain.tld:9103 and begins sending + files. + \end{enumerate} + +Alternatively, if I want to run a backup of public1.mydomain.tld and store +that backup using server-sd then my understanding of the order of events is +this: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item I execute my Bacula 'console' command on server.int.mydomain.tld. +\item console connects to server-dir. +\item I tell console to 'run' backup Job 'Public1-Backup'. +\item console relays this command to server-dir. +\item server-dir connects, through the NAT'd firewall, to public1-fd at + public1.mydomain.tld:9102 +\item server-dir tells public1-fd to start sending the files defined in the + 'Public1-Backup' Job's FileSet resource to the Storage resource + 'autochanger1', which we have defined in server-dir.conf as having the + same address:port as above of Storage-server, but which on this machine + is resolved to firewall.mydomain.tld:9103. +\item public1-fd connects to firewall.mydomain.tld:9103 and begins sending + files. + \end{enumerate} + +\subsection{Important Note} +\index[general]{Important Note } +\index[general]{Note!Important } + +In order for the above 'Public1-Backup' Job to succeed, +firewall.mydomain.tld:9103 MUST be forwarded using the firewall's +configuration software to server.int.mydomain.tld:9103. Some firewalls call +this 'Server Publication'. Others may call it 'Port Forwarding'. + +\subsection{Firewall Problems} +\index[general]{Firewall Problems} +\index[general]{Problems!Firewalls} +Either a firewall or a router may decide to timeout and terminate +open connections if they are not active for a short time. By Internet +standards the period should be two hours, and should be indefinitely +extended if KEEPALIVE is set as is the case by Bacula. If your firewall +or router does not respect these rules, you may find Bacula connections +terminated. In that case, the first thing to try is turning on the +{\bf Heart Beat Interval} both in the File daemon and the Storage daemon +and set an interval of say five minutes. + +Also, if you have denial of service rate limiting in your firewall, this +too can cause Bacula disconnects since Bacula can at times use very high +access rates. To avoid this, you should implement default accept +rules for the Bacula ports involved before the rate limiting rules. + +Finally, if you have a Windows machine, it will most likely by default +disallow connections to the Bacula Windows File daemon. See the +Windows chapter of this manual for additional details. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/kaboom-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/kaboom-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a4e5bc57 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/kaboom-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{What To Do When Bacula Crashes (Kaboom)} +\label{KaboomChapter} +\index[general]{Kaboom!What To Do When Bacula Crashes } +\index[general]{What To Do When Bacula Crashes (Kaboom) } + +If you are running on a Linux system, and you have a set of working +configuration files, it is very unlikely that {\bf Bacula} will crash. As with +all software, however, it is inevitable that someday, it may crash, +particularly if you are running on another operating system or using a new or +unusual feature. + +This chapter explains what you should do if one of the three {\bf Bacula} +daemons (Director, File, Storage) crashes. When we speak of crashing, we +mean that the daemon terminates abnormally because of an error. There are +many cases where Bacula detects errors (such as PIPE errors) and will fail +a job. These are not considered crashes. In addition, under certain +conditions, Bacula will detect a fatal in the configuration, such as +lack of permission to read/write the working directory. In that case, +Bacula will force itself to crash with a SEGFAULT. However, before +crashing, Bacula will normally display a message indicating why. +For more details, please read on. + + +\section{Traceback} +\index[general]{Traceback} + +Each of the three Bacula daemons has a built-in exception handler which, in +case of an error, will attempt to produce a traceback. If successful the +traceback will be emailed to you. + +For this to work, you need to ensure that a few things are setup correctly on +your system: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item You must have a version of Bacula built with debug information turned + on and not stripped of debugging symbols. + +\item You must have an installed copy of {\bf gdb} (the GNU debugger), and it + must be on {\bf Bacula's} path. On some systems such as Solaris, {\bf + gdb} may be replaced by {\bf dbx}. + +\item The Bacula installed script file {\bf btraceback} must be in the same + directory as the daemon which dies, and it must be marked as executable. + +\item The script file {\bf btraceback.gdb} must have the correct path to it + specified in the {\bf btraceback} file. + +\item You must have a {\bf mail} program which is on {\bf Bacula's} path. + By default, this {\bf mail} program is set to {\bf bsmtp}, so it must + be correctly configured. + +\item If you run either the Director or Storage daemon under a non-root + userid, you will most likely need to modify the {\bf btraceback} file + to do something like {\bf sudo} (raise to root priority) for the + call to {\bf gdb} so that it has the proper permissions to debug + Bacula. +\end{enumerate} + +If all the above conditions are met, the daemon that crashes will produce a +traceback report and email it to you. If the above conditions are not true, +you can either run the debugger by hand as described below, or you may be able +to correct the problems by editing the {\bf btraceback} file. I recommend not +spending too much time on trying to get the traceback to work as it can be +very difficult. + +The changes that might be needed are to add a correct path to the {\bf gdb} +program, correct the path to the {\bf btraceback.gdb} file, change the {\bf +mail} program or its path, or change your email address. The key line in the +{\bf btraceback} file is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +gdb -quiet -batch -x /home/kern/bacula/bin/btraceback.gdb \ + $1 $2 2>\&1 | bsmtp -s "Bacula traceback" your-address@xxx.com +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Since each daemon has the same traceback code, a single btraceback file is +sufficient if you are running more than one daemon on a machine. + +\section{Testing The Traceback} +\index[general]{Traceback!Testing The } +\index[general]{Testing The Traceback } + +To "manually" test the traceback feature, you simply start {\bf Bacula} then +obtain the {\bf PID} of the main daemon thread (there are multiple threads). +The output produced here will look different depending on what OS and what +version of the kernel you are running. +Unfortunately, the output had to be split to fit on this page: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +[kern@rufus kern]$ ps fax --columns 132 | grep bacula-dir + 2103 ? S 0:00 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/bacula-dir -c + /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/dird.conf + 2104 ? S 0:00 \_ /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/bacula-dir -c + /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/dird.conf + 2106 ? S 0:00 \_ /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/bacula-dir -c + /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/dird.conf + 2105 ? S 0:00 \_ /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/bacula-dir -c + /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/dird.conf +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +which in this case is 2103. Then while Bacula is running, you call the program +giving it the path to the Bacula executable and the {\bf PID}. In this case, +it is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./btraceback /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird 2103 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +It should produce an email showing you the current state of the daemon (in +this case the Director), and then exit leaving {\bf Bacula} running as if +nothing happened. If this is not the case, you will need to correct the +problem by modifying the {\bf btraceback} script. + +Typical problems might be that {\bf gdb} or {\bf dbx} for Solaris is not on +the default path. Fix this by specifying the full path to it in the {\bf +btraceback} file. Another common problem is that you haven't modified the +script so that the {\bf bsmtp} program has an appropriate smtp server or +the proper syntax for your smtp server. If you use the {\bf mail} program +and it is not on the default path, it will also fail. On some systems, it +is preferable to use {\bf Mail} rather than {\bf mail}. + +\section{Getting A Traceback On Other Systems} +\index[general]{Getting A Traceback On Other Systems} +\index[general]{Systems!Getting A Traceback On Other} + +It should be possible to produce a similar traceback on systems other than +Linux, either using {\bf gdb} or some other debugger. Solaris with {\bf dbx} +loaded works quite fine. On other systems, you will need to modify the {\bf +btraceback} program to invoke the correct debugger, and possibly correct the +{\bf btraceback.gdb} script to have appropriate commands for your debugger. If +anyone succeeds in making this work with another debugger, please send us a +copy of what you modified. Please keep in mind that for any debugger to +work, it will most likely need to run as root, so you may need to modify +the {\bf btraceback} script accordingly. + +\label{ManuallyDebugging} +\section{Manually Running Bacula Under The Debugger} +\index[general]{Manually Running Bacula Under The Debugger} +\index[general]{Debugger!Manually Running Bacula Under The} + +If for some reason you cannot get the automatic traceback, or if you want to +interactively examine the variable contents after a crash, you can run Bacula +under the debugger. Assuming you want to run the Storage daemon under the +debugger (the technique is the same for the other daemons, only the name +changes), you would do the following: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item Start the Director and the File daemon. If the Storage daemon also + starts, you will need to find its PID as shown above (ps fax | grep + bacula-sd) and kill it with a command like the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + kill -15 PID +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where you replace {\bf PID} by the actual value. + +\item At this point, the Director and the File daemon should be running but + the Storage daemon should not. + +\item cd to the directory containing the Storage daemon + +\item Start the Storage daemon under the debugger: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + gdb ./bacula-sd +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Run the Storage daemon: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + run -s -f -c ./bacula-sd.conf +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +You may replace the {\bf ./bacula-sd.conf} with the full path to the Storage +daemon's configuration file. + +\item At this point, Bacula will be fully operational. + +\item In another shell command window, start the Console program and do what + is necessary to cause Bacula to die. + +\item When Bacula crashes, the {\bf gdb} shell window will become active and + {\bf gdb} will show you the error that occurred. + +\item To get a general traceback of all threads, issue the following command: + + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + thread apply all bt +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +After that you can issue any debugging command. +\end{enumerate} + +\section{Getting Debug Output from Bacula} +\index[general]{Getting Debug Output from Bacula } +Each of the daemons normally has debug compiled into the program, but +disabled. There are two ways to enable the debug output. One is to add the +{\bf -d nnn} option on the command line when starting the debugger. The {\bf +nnn} is the debug level, and generally anything between 50 and 200 is +reasonable. The higher the number, the more output is produced. The output is +written to standard output. + +The second way of getting debug output is to dynamically turn it on using the +Console using the {\bf setdebug} command. The full syntax of the command is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + setdebug level=nnn client=client-name storage=storage-name dir +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If none of the options are given, the command will prompt you. You can +selectively turn on/off debugging in any or all the daemons (i.e. it is not +necessary to specify all the components of the above command). diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/problems.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/problems.tex index ff6a874a..f46c1cfb 100644 --- a/docs/manuals/es/problems/problems.tex +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/problems.tex @@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ \tableofcontents \clearpage -\include{faq} -\include{tips} -\include{tapetesting} -\include{firewalls} -\include{kaboom} -\include{fdl} +\include{faq-en} +\include{tips-en} +\include{tapetesting-en} +\include{firewalls-en} +\include{kaboom-en} +\include{fdl-en} % The following line tells link_resolver.pl to not include these files: diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/rpm-faq-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/rpm-faq-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..127fc39c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/rpm-faq-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Bacula RPM Packaging FAQ} +\label{RpmFaqChapter} +\index[general]{FAQ!Bacula\textsuperscript{\textregistered} - RPM Packaging } +\index[general]{Bacula\textsuperscript{\textregistered} - RPM Packaging FAQ } + +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \ilink{How do I build Bacula for platform xxx?}{faq1} +\item + \ilink{How do I control which database support gets built?}{faq2} + +\item + \ilink{What other defines are used?}{faq3} +\item + \ilink{I'm getting errors about not having permission when I try to build the + packages. Do I need to be root?}{faq4} +\item + \ilink{I'm building my own rpms but on all platforms and compiles I get an + unresolved dependency for something called + /usr/afsws/bin/pagsh.}{faq5} +\item + \ilink{I'm building my own rpms because you don't publish for my platform. + Can I get my packages released to sourceforge for other people to use?}{faq6} +\item + \ilink{Is there an easier way than sorting out all these command line options?}{faq7} +\item + \ilink{I just upgraded from 1.36.x to 1.38.x and now my director daemon won't start. It appears to start but dies silently and I get a "connection refused" error when starting the console. What is wrong?}{faq8} +\item + \ilink{There are a lot of rpm packages. Which packages do I need for what?}{faq9} +\end{enumerate} + +\section{Answers} +\index[general]{Answers } + +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \label{faq1} + {\bf How do I build Bacula for platform xxx?} + The bacula spec file contains defines to build for several platforms: + Red Hat 7.x (rh7), Red Hat 8.0 (rh8), Red Hat 9 (rh9), Fedora Core (fc1, + fc3, fc4, fc5, fc6, fc7), Whitebox Enterprise Linux 3.0 (wb3), Red Hat Enterprise Linux + (rhel3, rhel4, rhel5), Mandrake 10.x (mdk), Mandriva 2006.x (mdv) CentOS (centos3, centos4, centos5) + Scientific Linux (sl3, sl4, sl5) and SuSE (su9, su10, su102, su103). The package build is controlled by a mandatory define set at the beginning of the file. These defines basically just control the dependency information that gets coded into the finished rpm package as well + as any special configure options required. The platform define may be edited + in the spec file directly (by default all defines are set to 0 or "not set"). + For example, to build the Red Hat 7.x package find the line in the spec file + which reads + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define rh7 0 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and edit it to read + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define rh7 1 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Alternately you may pass the define on the command line when calling rpmbuild: + + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" bacula.spec + rpmbuild --rebuild --define build_rh7 1" bacula-x.x.x-x.src.rpm + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item + \label{faq2} + {\bf How do I control which database support gets built?} + Another mandatory build define controls which database support is compiled, + one of build\_sqlite, build\_mysql or build\_postgresql. To get the MySQL + package and support either set the + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define mysql 0 + OR + %define mysql4 0 + OR + %define mysql5 0 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +to + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define mysql 1 + OR + %define mysql4 1 + OR + %define mysql5 1 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +in the spec file directly or pass it to rpmbuild on the command line: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql 1" bacula.spec + rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql4 1" bacula.spec + rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql5 1" bacula.spec + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item + \label{faq3} + {\bf What other defines are used?} + Three other building defines of note are the depkgs\_version, docs\_version and + \_rescuever identifiers. These two defines are set with each release and must + match the version of those sources that are being used to build the packages. + You would not ordinarily need to edit these. See also the Build Options section + below for other build time options that can be passed on the command line. +\item + \label{faq4} + {\bf I'm getting errors about not having permission when I try to build the + packages. Do I need to be root?} + No, you do not need to be root and, in fact, it is better practice to + build rpm packages as a non-root user. Bacula packages are designed to + be built by a regular user but you must make a few changes on your + system to do this. If you are building on your own system then the + simplest method is to add write permissions for all to the build + directory (/usr/src/redhat/, /usr/src/RPM or /usr/src/packages). + To accomplish this, execute the following command as root: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + chmod -R 777 /usr/src/redhat + chmod -R 777 /usr/src/RPM + chmod -R 777 /usr/src/packages + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you are working on a shared system where you can not use the method +above then you need to recreate the appropriate above directory tree with all +of its subdirectories inside your home directory. Then create a file named + +{\tt .rpmmacros} + +in your home directory (or edit the file if it already exists) +and add the following line: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %_topdir /home/myuser/redhat + %_tmppath /tmp + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Another handy directive for the .rpmmacros file if you wish to suppress the +creation of debug rpm packages is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %debug_package %{nil} + +\end{verbatim} + +\normalsize + +\item + \label{faq5} + {\bf I'm building my own rpms but on all platforms and compiles I get an + unresolved dependency for something called /usr/afsws/bin/pagsh.} This + is a shell from the OpenAFS (Andrew File System). If you are seeing + this then you chose to include the docs/examples directory in your + package. One of the example scripts in this directory is a pagsh + script. Rpmbuild, when scanning for dependencies, looks at the shebang + line of all packaged scripts in addition to checking shared libraries. + To avoid this do not package the examples directory. If you are seeing this + problem you are building a very old bacula package as the examples have been + removed from the doc packaging. + +\item + \label{faq6} + {\bf I'm building my own rpms because you don't publish for my platform. + Can I get my packages released to sourceforge for other people to use?} Yes, + contributions from users are accepted and appreciated. Please examine the + directory platforms/contrib-rpm in the source code for further information. + +\item + \label{faq7} + {\bf Is there an easier way than sorting out all these command line options?} Yes, + there is a gui wizard shell script which you can use to rebuild the src rpm package. + Look in the source archive for platforms/contrib-rpm/rpm\_wizard.sh. This script will + allow you to specify build options using GNOME dialog screens. It requires zenity. + +\item + \label{faq8} + {\bf I just upgraded from 1.36.x to 1.38.x and now my director daemon +won't start. It appears to start but dies silently and I get a "connection +refused" error when starting the console. What is wrong?} Beginning with +1.38 the rpm packages are configured to run the director and storage +daemons as a non-root user. The file daemon runs as user root and group +bacula, the storage daemon as user bacula and group disk, and the director +as user bacula and group bacula. If you are upgrading you will need to +change some file permissions for things to work. Execute the following +commands as root: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + chown bacula.bacula /var/bacula/* + chown root.bacula /var/bacula/bacula-fd.9102.state + chown bacula.disk /var/bacula/bacula-sd.9103.state + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Further, if you are using File storage volumes rather than tapes those +files will also need to have ownership set to user bacula and group bacula. + +\item + \label{faq9} + {\bf There are a lot of rpm packages. Which packages do I need for +what?} For a bacula server you need to select the packsge based upon your +preferred catalog database: one of bacula-mysql, bacula-postgresql or +bacula-sqlite. If your system does not provide an mtx package you also +need bacula-mtx to satisfy that dependancy. For a client machine you need +only install bacula-client. Optionally, for either server or client +machines, you may install a graphical console bacula-gconsole and/or +bacula-wxconsole. The Bacula Administration Tool is installed with the +bacula-bat package. One last package, bacula-updatedb is required only when +upgrading a server more than one database revision level. + + + +\item {\bf Support for RHEL3/4/5, CentOS 3/4/5, Scientific Linux 3/4/5 and x86\_64} + The examples below show + explicit build support for RHEL4 and CentOS 4. Build support + for x86\_64 has also been added. +\end{enumerate} + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Build with one of these 3 commands: + +rpmbuild --rebuild \ + --define "build_rhel4 1" \ + --define "build_sqlite 1" \ + bacula-1.38.3-1.src.rpm + +rpmbuild --rebuild \ + --define "build_rhel4 1" \ + --define "build_postgresql 1" \ + bacula-1.38.3-1.src.rpm + +rpmbuild --rebuild \ + --define "build_rhel4 1" \ + --define "build_mysql4 1" \ + bacula-1.38.3-1.src.rpm + +For CentOS substitute '--define "build_centos4 1"' in place of rhel4. +For Scientific Linux substitute '--define "build_sl4 1"' in place of rhel4. + +For 64 bit support add '--define "build_x86_64 1"' +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Build Options} +\index[general]{Build Options} +The spec file currently supports building on the following platforms: +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Red Hat builds +--define "build_rh7 1" +--define "build_rh8 1" +--define "build_rh9 1" + +Fedora Core build +--define "build_fc1 1" +--define "build_fc3 1" +--define "build_fc4 1" +--define "build_fc5 1" +--define "build_fc6 1" +--define "build_fc7 1" + +Whitebox Enterprise build +--define "build_wb3 1" + +Red Hat Enterprise builds +--define "build_rhel3 1" +--define "build_rhel4 1" +--define "build_rhel5 1" + +CentOS build +--define "build_centos3 1" +--define "build_centos4 1" +--define "build_centos5 1" + +Scientific Linux build +--define "build_sl3 1" +--define "build_sl4 1" +--define "build_sl5 1" + +SuSE build +--define "build_su9 1" +--define "build_su10 1" +--define "build_su102 1" +--define "build_su103 1" + +Mandrake 10.x build +--define "build_mdk 1" + +Mandriva build +--define "build_mdv 1" + +MySQL support: +for mysql 3.23.x support define this +--define "build_mysql 1" +if using mysql 4.x define this, +currently: Mandrake 10.x, Mandriva 2006.0, SuSE 9.x & 10.0, FC4 & RHEL4 +--define "build_mysql4 1" +if using mysql 5.x define this, +currently: SuSE 10.1 & FC5 +--define "build_mysql5 1" + +PostgreSQL support: +--define "build_postgresql 1" + +Sqlite support: +--define "build_sqlite 1" + +Build the client rpm only in place of one of the above database full builds: +--define "build_client_only 1" + +X86-64 support: +--define "build_x86_64 1" + +Supress build of bgnome-console: +--define "nobuild_gconsole 1" + +Build the WXWindows console: +requires wxGTK >= 2.6 +--define "build_wxconsole 1" + +Build the Bacula Administration Tool: +requires QT >= 4.2 +--define "build_bat 1" + +Build python scripting support: +--define "build_python 1" + +Modify the Packager tag for third party packages: +--define "contrib_packager Your Name " + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{RPM Install Problems} +\index[general]{RPM Install Problems} +In general the RPMs, once properly built should install correctly. +However, when attempting to run the daemons, a number of problems +can occur: +\begin{itemize} +\item [Wrong /var/bacula Permissions] + By default, the Director and Storage daemon do not run with + root permission. If the /var/bacula is owned by root, then it + is possible that the Director and the Storage daemon will not + be able to access this directory, which is used as the Working + Directory. To fix this, the easiest thing to do is: +\begin{verbatim} + chown bacula:bacula /var/bacula +\end{verbatim} + Note: as of 1.38.8 /var/bacula is installed root:bacula with + permissions 770. +\item [The Storage daemon cannot Access the Tape drive] + This can happen in some older RPM releases where the Storage + daemon ran under userid bacula, group bacula. There are two + ways of fixing this: the best is to modify the /etc/init.d/bacula-sd + file so that it starts the Storage daemon with group "disk". + The second way to fix the problem is to change the permissions + of your tape drive (usually /dev/nst0) so that Bacula can access it. + You will probably need to change the permissions of the SCSI control + device as well, which is usually /dev/sg0. The exact names depend + on your configuration, please see the Tape Testing chapter for + more information on devices. +\end{itemize} + diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/tapetesting-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/tapetesting-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..710f90e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/tapetesting-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1376 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Testing Your Tape Drive With Bacula} +\label{TapeTestingChapter} +\index[general]{Testing Your Tape Drive With Bacula} + +This chapter is concerned with testing and configuring your tape drive to make +sure that it will work properly with Bacula using the {\bf btape} program. +\label{summary} + +\section{Get Your Tape Drive Working} + +In general, you should follow the following steps to get your tape drive to +work with Bacula. Start with a tape mounted in your drive. If you have an +autochanger, load a tape into the drive. We use {\bf /dev/nst0} as the tape +drive name, you will need to adapt it according to your system. + +Do not proceed to the next item until you have succeeded with the previous +one. + +\begin{enumerate} +\item Make sure that Bacula (the Storage daemon) is not running + or that you have {\bf unmount}ed the drive you will use + for testing. + +\item Use tar to write to, then read from your drive: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + mt -f /dev/nst0 rewind + tar cvf /dev/nst0 . + mt -f /dev/nst0 rewind + tar tvf /dev/nst0 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Make sure you have a valid and correct Device resource corresponding + to your drive. For Linux users, generally, the default one works. For + FreeBSD users, there are two possible Device configurations (see below). + For other drives and/or OSes, you will need to first ensure that your + system tape modes are properly setup (see below), then possibly modify + you Device resource depending on the output from the btape program (next + item). When doing this, you should consult the \ilink{Storage Daemon + Configuration}{StoredConfChapter} of this manual. + +\item If you are using a Fibre Channel to connect your tape drive to + Bacula, please be sure to disable any caching in the NSR (network + storage router, which is a Fibre Channel to SCSI converter). + +\item Run the btape {\bf test} command: + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + ./btape -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0 + test + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + It isn't necessary to run the autochanger part of the test at this time, + but do not go past this point until the basic test succeeds. If you do + have an autochanger, please be sure to read the \ilink{Autochanger + chapter}{AutochangersChapter} of this manual. + +\item Run the btape {\bf fill} command, preferably with two volumes. This + can take a long time. If you have an autochanger and it is configured, Bacula + will automatically use it. If you do not have it configured, you can manually + issue the appropriate {\bf mtx} command, or press the autochanger buttons to + change the tape when requested to do so. + +\item FreeBSD users, if you have a pre-5.0 system run the {\bf tapetest} + program, and make sure your system is patched if necessary. The tapetest + program can be found in the platform/freebsd directory. The instructions + for its use are at the top of the file. + +\item Run Bacula, and backup a reasonably small directory, say 60 + Megabytes. Do three successive backups of this directory. + +\item Stop Bacula, then restart it. Do another full backup of the same + directory. Then stop and restart Bacula. + +\item Do a restore of the directory backed up, by entering the following + restore command, being careful to restore it to an alternate location: + + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + restore select all done + yes + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + Do a {\bf diff} on the restored directory to ensure it is identical to the + original directory. If you are going to backup multiple different systems + (Linux, Windows, Mac, Solaris, FreeBSD, ...), be sure you test the restore + on each system type. + +\item If you have an autochanger, you should now go back to the btape program + and run the autochanger test: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + ./btape -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0 + auto + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + Adjust your autochanger as necessary to ensure that it works correctly. See + the Autochanger chapter of this manual for a complete discussion of testing + your autochanger. + +\item We strongly recommend that you use a dedicated SCSI + controller for your tape drives. Scanners are known to induce + serious problems with the SCSI bus, causing it to reset. If the + SCSI bus is reset while Bacula has the tape drive open, it will + most likely be fatal to your tape since the drive will rewind. + These kinds of problems show up in the system log. For example, + the following was most likely caused by a scanner: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Feb 14 17:29:55 epohost kernel: (scsi0:A:2:0): No or incomplete CDB sent to device. +Feb 14 17:29:55 epohost kernel: scsi0: Issued Channel A Bus Reset. 1 SCBs aborted +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\end{enumerate} + +If you have reached this point, you stand a good chance of having everything +work. If you get into trouble at any point, {\bf carefully} read the +documentation given below. If you cannot get past some point, ask the {\bf +bacula-users} email list, but specify which of the steps you have successfully +completed. In particular, you may want to look at the +\ilink{ Tips for Resolving Problems}{problems1} section below. + + +\label{NoTapeInDrive} +\subsection{Problems When no Tape in Drive} +\index[general]{Problems When no Tape in Drive} +When Bacula was first written the Linux 2.4 kernel permitted opening the +drive whether or not there was a tape in the drive. Thus the Bacula code is +based on the concept that if the drive cannot be opened, there is a serious +problem, and the job is failed. + +With version 2.6 of the Linux kernel, if there is no tape in the drive, the +OS will wait two minutes (default) and then return a failure, and consequently, +Bacula version 1.36 and below will fail the job. This is important to keep +in mind, because if you use an option such as {\bf Offline on Unmount = +yes}, there will be a point when there is no tape in the drive, and if +another job starts or if Bacula asks the operator to mount a tape, when +Bacula attempts to open the drive (about a 20 minute delay), it will fail +and Bacula will fail the job. + +In version 1.38.x, the Bacula code partially gets around this problem -- at +least in the initial open of the drive. However, functions like Polling +the drive do not work correctly if there is no tape in the drive. +Providing you do not use {\bf Offline on Unmount = yes}, you should not +experience job failures as mentioned above. If you do experience such +failures, you can also increase the {\bf Maximum Open Wait} time interval, +which will give you more time to mount the next tape before the job is +failed. + +\subsection{Specifying the Configuration File} +\index[general]{File!Specifying the Configuration} +\index[general]{Specifying the Configuration File} + +Starting with version 1.27, each of the tape utility programs including the +{\bf btape} program requires a valid Storage daemon configuration file +(actually, the only part of the configuration file that {\bf btape} needs is +the {\bf Device} resource definitions). This permits {\bf btape} to find the +configuration parameters for your archive device (generally a tape drive). +Without those parameters, the testing and utility programs do not know how to +properly read and write your drive. By default, they use {\bf bacula-sd.conf} +in the current directory, but you may specify a different configuration file +using the {\bf -c} option. + +\subsection{Specifying a Device Name For a Tape} +\index[general]{Tape!Specifying a Device Name For a} +\index[general]{Specifying a Device Name For a Tape} + +{\bf btape} {\bf device-name} where the Volume can be found. In the case of a +tape, this is the physical device name such as {\bf /dev/nst0} or {\bf +/dev/rmt/0ubn} depending on your system that you specify on the Archive Device +directive. For the program to work, it must find the identical name in the +Device resource of the configuration file. If the name is not found in the +list of physical names, the utility program will compare the name you entered +to the Device names (rather than the Archive device names). + +When specifying a tape device, it is preferable that the "non-rewind" +variant of the device file name be given. In addition, on systems such as +Sun, which have multiple tape access methods, you must be sure to specify +to use Berkeley I/O conventions with the device. The +{\bf b} in the Solaris (Sun) archive specification {\bf /dev/rmt/0mbn} is +what is needed in this case. Bacula does not support SysV tape drive +behavior. + +See below for specifying Volume names. + +\subsection{Specifying a Device Name For a File} +\index[general]{File!Specifying a Device Name For a} +\index[general]{Specifying a Device Name For a File} + +If you are attempting to read or write an archive file rather than a tape, the +{\bf device-name} should be the full path to the archive location including +the filename. The filename (last part of the specification) will be stripped +and used as the Volume name, and the path (first part before the filename) +must have the same entry in the configuration file. So, the path is equivalent +to the archive device name, and the filename is equivalent to the volume name. + + +\section{btape} +\label{btape1} +\index[general]{Btape} + +This program permits a number of elementary tape operations via a tty command +interface. The {\bf test} command, described below, can be very useful for +testing tape drive compatibility problems. Aside from initial testing of tape +drive compatibility with {\bf Bacula}, {\bf btape} will be mostly used by +developers writing new tape drivers. + +{\bf btape} can be dangerous to use with existing {\bf Bacula} tapes because +it will relabel a tape or write on the tape if so requested regardless of +whether or not the tape contains valuable data, so please be careful and use +it only on blank tapes. + +To work properly, {\bf btape} needs to read the Storage daemon's configuration +file. As a default, it will look for {\bf bacula-sd.conf} in the current +directory. If your configuration file is elsewhere, please use the {\bf -c} +option to specify where. + +The physical device name or the Device resource name must be specified on the +command line, and this same device name must be present in the Storage +daemon's configuration file read by {\bf btape} + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: btape [options] device_name + -b specify bootstrap file + -c set configuration file to file + -d set debug level to nn + -p proceed inspite of I/O errors + -s turn off signals + -v be verbose + -? print this message. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\subsection{Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive} +\index[general]{Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive} +\index[general]{Drive!Using btape to Verify your Tape} + +An important reason for this program is to ensure that a Storage daemon +configuration file is defined so that Bacula will correctly read and write +tapes. + +It is highly recommended that you run the {\bf test} command before running +your first Bacula job to ensure that the parameters you have defined for your +storage device (tape drive) will permit {\bf Bacula} to function properly. You +only need to mount a blank tape, enter the command, and the output should be +reasonably self explanatory. For example: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +(ensure that Bacula is not running) +./btape -c /usr/bin/bacula/bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The output will be: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Tape block granularity is 1024 bytes. +btape: btape.c:376 Using device: /dev/nst0 +* +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Enter the test command: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +test +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The output produced should be something similar to the following: I've cut the +listing short because it is frequently updated to have new tests. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +=== Append files test === +This test is essential to Bacula. +I'm going to write one record in file 0, + two records in file 1, + and three records in file 2 +btape: btape.c:387 Rewound /dev/nst0 +btape: btape.c:855 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes. +btape: btape.c:857 Wrote block to device. +btape: btape.c:410 Wrote EOF to /dev/nst0 +btape: btape.c:855 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes. +btape: btape.c:857 Wrote block to device. +btape: btape.c:855 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes. +btape: btape.c:857 Wrote block to device. +btape: btape.c:410 Wrote EOF to /dev/nst0 +btape: btape.c:855 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes. +btape: btape.c:857 Wrote block to device. +btape: btape.c:855 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes. +btape: btape.c:857 Wrote block to device. +btape: btape.c:855 Wrote one record of 64412 bytes. +btape: btape.c:857 Wrote block to device. +btape: btape.c:410 Wrote EOF to /dev/nst0 +btape: btape.c:387 Rewound /dev/nst0 +btape: btape.c:693 Now moving to end of media. +btape: btape.c:427 Moved to end of media +We should be in file 3. I am at file 3. This is correct! +Now the important part, I am going to attempt to append to the tape. +... +=== End Append files test === +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you do not successfully complete the above test, please resolve the +problem(s) before attempting to use {\bf Bacula}. Depending on your tape +drive, the test may recommend that you add certain records to your +configuration. We strongly recommend that you do so and then re-run the above +test to insure it works the first time. + +Some of the suggestions it provides for resolving the problems may or may not +be useful. If at all possible avoid using fixed blocking. If the test suddenly +starts to print a long series of: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Got EOF on tape. +Got EOF on tape. +... +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +then almost certainly, you are running your drive in fixed block mode rather +than variable block mode. See below for more help of resolving fix +versus variable block problems. + +It is also possible that you have your drive +set in SysV tape drive mode. The drive must use BSD tape conventions. +See the section above on setting your {\bf Archive device} correctly. + +For FreeBSD users, please see the notes below for doing further testing of +your tape drive. + +\subsection{Testing tape drive speed} +\label{sec:btapespeed} + +To determine the best configuration of your tape drive, you can run the +\texttt{speed} command available in the \texttt{btape} program. + +This command can have the following arguments: +\begin{itemize} +\item[\texttt{file\_size=n}] Specify the Maximum File Size for this test + (between 1 and 5GB). This counter is in GB. +\item[\texttt{nb\_file=n}] Specify the number of file to be written. The amount + of data should be greater than your memory ($file\_size*nb\_file$). +\item[\texttt{skip\_zero}] This flag permits to skip tests with constant + data. +\item[\texttt{skip\_random}] This flag permits to skip tests with random + data. +\item[\texttt{skip\_raw}] This flag permits to skip tests with raw access. +\item[\texttt{skip\_block}] This flag permits to skip tests with Bacula block + access. +\end{itemize} + +\begin{verbatim} +*speed file_size=3 skip_raw +btape.c:1078 Test with zero data and bacula block structure. +btape.c:956 Begin writing 3 files of 3.221 GB with blocks of 129024 bytes. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +btape.c:604 Wrote 1 EOF to "Drive-0" (/dev/nst0) +btape.c:406 Volume bytes=3.221 GB. Write rate = 44.128 MB/s +... +btape.c:383 Total Volume bytes=9.664 GB. Total Write rate = 43.531 MB/s + +btape.c:1090 Test with random data, should give the minimum throughput. +btape.c:956 Begin writing 3 files of 3.221 GB with blocks of 129024 bytes. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +btape.c:604 Wrote 1 EOF to "Drive-0" (/dev/nst0) +btape.c:406 Volume bytes=3.221 GB. Write rate = 7.271 MB/s ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +... +btape.c:383 Total Volume bytes=9.664 GB. Total Write rate = 7.365 MB/s + +\end{verbatim} + +When using compression, the random test will give your the minimum throughput +of your drive . The test using constant string will give you the maximum speed +of your hardware chain. (cpu, memory, scsi card, cable, drive, tape). + +You can change the block size in the Storage Daemon configuration file. + +\label{SCSITricks} +\subsection{Linux SCSI Tricks} +\index[general]{Tricks!Linux SCSI} +\index[general]{Linux SCSI Tricks} + +You can find out what SCSI devices you have by doing: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +lsscsi +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Typical output is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +[0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST3160812AS 3.AD /dev/sda +[2:0:4:0] tape HP Ultrium 2-SCSI F6CH /dev/st0 +[2:0:5:0] tape HP Ultrium 2-SCSI F6CH /dev/st1 +[2:0:6:0] mediumx OVERLAND LXB 0107 - +[2:0:9:0] tape HP Ultrium 1-SCSI E50H /dev/st2 +[2:0:10:0] mediumx OVERLAND LXB 0107 - +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +There are two drives in one autochanger: /dev/st0 and /dev/st1 +and a third tape drive at /dev/st2. For using them with Bacula, one +would normally reference them as /dev/nst0 ... /dev/nst2. Not also, +there are two different autochangers identified as "mediumx OVERLAND LXB". +They can be addressed via their /dev/sgN designation, which can be +obtained by counting from the beginning as 0 to each changer. In the +above case, the two changers are located on /dev/sg3 and /dev/sg5. The one +at /dev/sg3, controls drives /dev/nst0 and /dev/nst1; and the one at +/dev/sg5 controles drive /dev/nst2. + +If you do not have the {\bf lsscsi} command, you can obtain the same +information as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +cat /proc/scsi/scsi +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +For the above example with the three drives and two autochangers, +I get: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Attached devices: +Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 + Vendor: ATA Model: ST3160812AS Rev: 3.AD + Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 04 Lun: 00 + Vendor: HP Model: Ultrium 2-SCSI Rev: F6CH + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 05 Lun: 00 + Vendor: HP Model: Ultrium 2-SCSI Rev: F6CH + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 06 Lun: 00 + Vendor: OVERLAND Model: LXB Rev: 0107 + Type: Medium Changer ANSI SCSI revision: 02 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 09 Lun: 00 + Vendor: HP Model: Ultrium 1-SCSI Rev: E50H + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 10 Lun: 00 + Vendor: OVERLAND Model: LXB Rev: 0107 + Type: Medium Changer ANSI SCSI revision: 02 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + + +As an additional example, I get the following (on a different machine from the +above example): + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Attached devices: +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00 + Vendor: HP Model: C5713A Rev: H107 + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 04 Lun: 00 + Vendor: SONY Model: SDT-10000 Rev: 0110 + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The above represents first an autochanger and second a simple +tape drive. The HP changer (the first entry) uses the same SCSI channel +for data and for control, so in Bacula, you would use: +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Archive Device = /dev/nst0 +Changer Device = /dev/sg0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you want to remove the SDT-10000 device, you can do so as root with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +echo "scsi remove-single-device 2 0 4 0">/proc/scsi/scsi +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and you can put add it back with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +echo "scsi add-single-device 2 0 4 0">/proc/scsi/scsi +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where the 2 0 4 0 are the Host, Channel, Id, and Lun as seen on the output +from {\bf cat /proc/scsi/scsi}. Note, the Channel must be specified as +numeric. + +Below is a slightly more complicated output, which is a single autochanger +with two drives, and which operates the changer on a different channel +from from the drives: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Attached devices: +Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 + Vendor: ATA Model: WDC WD1600JD-75H Rev: 08.0 + Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 04 Lun: 00 + Vendor: HP Model: Ultrium 2-SCSI Rev: F6CH + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 05 Lun: 00 + Vendor: HP Model: Ultrium 2-SCSI Rev: F6CH + Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 +Host: scsi2 Channel: 00 Id: 06 Lun: 00 + Vendor: OVERLAND Model: LXB Rev: 0106 + Type: Medium Changer ANSI SCSI revision: 02 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The above tape drives are accessed on /dev/nst0 and /dev/nst1, while +the control channel for those two drives is /dev/sg3. + + + +\label{problems1} +\section{Tips for Resolving Problems} +\index[general]{Problems!Tips for Resolving} +\index[general]{Tips for Resolving Problems} + +\label{CannotRestore} +\subsection{Bacula Saves But Cannot Restore Files} +\index[general]{Files!Bacula Saves But Cannot Restore} +\index[general]{Bacula Saves But Cannot Restore Files} + +If you are getting error messages such as: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Volume data error at 0:1! Wanted block-id: "BB02", got "". Buffer discarded +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +It is very likely that Bacula has tried to do block positioning and ended up +at an invalid block. This can happen if your tape drive is in fixed block mode +while Bacula's default is variable blocks. Note that in such cases, Bacula is +perfectly able to write to your Volumes (tapes), but cannot position to read +them. + +There are two possible solutions. + +\begin{enumerate} +\item The first and best is to always ensure that your drive is in variable + block mode. Note, it can switch back to fixed block mode on a reboot or if + another program uses the drive. So on such systems you need to modify the + Bacula startup files to explicitly set: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mt -f /dev/nst0 defblksize 0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +or whatever is appropriate on your system. Note, if you are running a Linux +system, and the above command does not work, it is most likely because you +have not loaded the appropriate {\bf mt} package, which is often called +{\bf mt\_st}, but may differ according to your distribution. + +\item The second possibility, especially, if Bacula wrote while the drive was + in fixed block mode, is to turn off block positioning in Bacula. This is done + by adding: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Block Positioning = no +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +to the Device resource. This is not the recommended procedure because it can +enormously slow down recovery of files, but it may help where all else +fails. This directive is available in version 1.35.5 or later (and not yet +tested). +\end{enumerate} + +If you are getting error messages such as: +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Volume data error at 0:0! +Block checksum mismatch in block=0 len=32625 calc=345678 blk=123456 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +You are getting tape read errors, and this is most likely due to +one of the following things: +\begin{enumerate} +\item An old or bad tape. +\item A dirty drive that needs cleaning (particularly for DDS drives). +\item A loose SCSI cable. +\item Old firmware in your drive. Make sure you have the latest firmware + loaded. +\item Computer memory errors. +\item Over-clocking your CPU. +\item A bad SCSI card. +\end{enumerate} + + +\label{opendevice} +\subsection{Bacula Cannot Open the Device} +\index[general]{Device!Bacula Cannot Open the} +\index[general]{Bacula Cannot Open the Device} + +If you get an error message such as: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +dev open failed: dev.c:265 stored: unable to open +device /dev/nst0:> ERR=No such device or address +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +the first time you run a job, it is most likely due to the fact that you +specified the incorrect device name on your {\bf Archive Device}. + +If Bacula works fine with your drive, then all off a sudden you get error +messages similar to the one shown above, it is quite possible that your driver +module is being removed because the kernel deems it idle. This is done via +{\bf crontab} with the use of {\bf rmmod -a}. To fix the problem, you can +remove this entry from {\bf crontab}, or you can manually {\bf modprob} your +driver module (or add it to the local startup script). Thanks to Alan Brown +for this tip. +\label{IncorrectFiles} + +\subsection{Incorrect File Number} +\index[general]{Number!Incorrect File} +\index[general]{Incorrect File Number} + +When Bacula moves to the end of the medium, it normally uses the {\bf +ioctl(MTEOM)} function. Then Bacula uses the {\bf ioctl(MTIOCGET)} function to +retrieve the current file position from the {\bf mt\_fileno} field. Some SCSI +tape drivers will use a fast means of seeking to the end of the medium and in +doing so, they will not know the current file position and hence return a {\bf +-1}. As a consequence, if you get {\bf "This is NOT correct!"} in the +positioning tests, this may be the cause. You must correct this condition in +order for Bacula to work. + +There are two possible solutions to the above problem of incorrect file +number: + +\begin{itemize} +\item Figure out how to configure your SCSI driver to keep track of the file + position during the MTEOM request. This is the preferred solution. +\item Modify the {\bf Device} resource of your {\bf bacula-sd.conf} file to + include: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Hardware End of File = no +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This will cause Bacula to use the MTFSF request to seek to the end of the +medium, and Bacula will keep track of the file number itself. +\end{itemize} + +\label{IncorrectBlocks} +\subsection{Incorrect Number of Blocks or Positioning Errors} +\index[general]{Testing!Incorrect Number of Blocks or Positioning Errors} +\index[general]{Incorrect Number of Blocks or Positioning Errors} + +{\bf Bacula's} preferred method of working with tape drives (sequential +devices) is to run in variable block mode, and this is what is set by default. +You should first ensure that your tape drive is set for variable block mode +(see below). + +If your tape drive is in fixed block mode and you have told Bacula to use +different fixed block sizes or variable block sizes (default), you will get +errors when Bacula attempts to forward space to the correct block (the kernel +driver's idea of tape blocks will not correspond to Bacula's). + +All modern tape drives support variable tape blocks, but some older drives (in +particular the QIC drives) as well as the ATAPI ide-scsi driver run only in +fixed block mode. The Travan tape drives also apparently must run in fixed +block mode (to be confirmed). + +Even in variable block mode, with the exception of the first record on the +second or subsequent volume of a multi-volume backup, Bacula will write blocks +of a fixed size. However, in reading a tape, Bacula will assume that for each +read request, exactly one block from the tape will be transferred. This the +most common way that tape drives work and is well supported by {\bf Bacula}. + +Drives that run in fixed block mode can cause serious problems for Bacula if +the drive's block size does not correspond exactly to {\bf Bacula's} block +size. In fixed block size mode, drivers may transmit a partial block or +multiple blocks for a single read request. From {\bf Bacula's} point of view, +this destroys the concept of tape blocks. It is much better to run in variable +block mode, and almost all modern drives (the OnStream is an exception) run in +variable block mode. In order for Bacula to run in fixed block mode, you must +include the following records in the Storage daemon's Device resource +definition: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Minimum Block Size = nnn +Maximum Block Size = nnn +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where {\bf nnn} must be the same for both records and must be identical to the +driver's fixed block size. + +We recommend that you avoid this configuration if at all possible by using +variable block sizes. + +If you must run with fixed size blocks, make sure they are not 512 bytes. This +is too small and the overhead that Bacula has with each record will become +excessive. If at all possible set any fixed block size to something like +64,512 bytes or possibly 32,768 if 64,512 is too large for your drive. See +below for the details on checking and setting the default drive block size. + +To recover files from tapes written in fixed block mode, see below. + +\label{TapeModes} +\subsection{Ensuring that the Tape Modes Are Properly Set -- {\bf Linux +Only}} +\index[general]{Ensuring that the Tape Modes Are Properly Set -- Linux Only} + +If you have a modern SCSI tape drive and you are having problems with the {\bf +test} command as noted above, it may be that some program has set one or more +of your SCSI driver's options to non-default values. For example, if your +driver is set to work in SysV manner, Bacula will not work correctly because +it expects BSD behavior. To reset your tape drive to the default values, you +can try the following, but {\bf ONLY} if you have a SCSI tape drive on a {\bf +Linux} system: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +become super user +mt -f /dev/nst0 rewind +mt -f /dev/nst0 stoptions buffer-writes async-writes read-ahead +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The above commands will clear all options and then set those specified. None +of the specified options are required by Bacula, but a number of other options +such as SysV behavior must not be set. Bacula does not support SysV tape +behavior. On systems other than Linux, you will need to consult your {\bf mt} +man pages or documentation to figure out how to do the same thing. This should +not really be necessary though -- for example, on both Linux and Solaris +systems, the default tape driver options are compatible with Bacula. +On Solaris systems, you must take care to specify the correct device +name on the {\bf Archive device} directive. See above for more details. + +You may also want to ensure that no prior program has set the default block +size, as happened to one user, by explicitly turning it off with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mt -f /dev/nst0 defblksize 0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you are running a Linux +system, and the above command does not work, it is most likely because you +have not loaded the appropriate {\bf mt} package, which is often called +{\bf mt\_st}, but may differ according to your distribution. + +If you would like to know what options you have set before making any of the +changes noted above, you can now view them on Linux systems, thanks to a tip +provided by Willem Riede. Do the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +become super user +mt -f /dev/nst0 stsetoptions 0 +grep st0 /var/log/messages +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and you will get output that looks something like the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +kernel: st0: Mode 0 options: buffer writes: 1, async writes: 1, read ahead: 1 +kernel: st0: can bsr: 0, two FMs: 0, fast mteom: 0, auto lock: 0, +kernel: st0: defs for wr: 0, no block limits: 0, partitions: 0, s2 log: 0 +kernel: st0: sysv: 0 nowait: 0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Note, I have chopped off the beginning of the line with the date and machine +name for presentation purposes. + +Some people find that the above settings only last until the next reboot, so +please check this otherwise you may have unexpected problems. + +Beginning with Bacula version 1.35.8, if Bacula detects that you are running +in variable block mode, it will attempt to set your drive appropriately. All +OSes permit setting variable block mode, but some OSes do not permit setting +the other modes that Bacula needs to function properly. + +\label{compression} +\subsection{Tape Hardware Compression and Blocking Size} +\index[general]{Tape Hardware Compression and Blocking Size} +\index[general]{Size!Tape Hardware Compression and Blocking Size} + +You should be able to verify the tape compression status with sysfs on Linux. +\begin{verbatim} +cat /sys/class/scsi_tape/nst0/default_compression +\end{verbatim} + +You can, turn it on by using (on Linux): + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +become super user +mt -f /dev/nst0 defcompression 1 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and of course, if you use a zero instead of the one at the end, you will turn +it off. + +If you have built the {\bf mtx} program in the {\bf depkgs} package, you can +use tapeinfo to get quite a bit of information about your tape drive even if +it is not an autochanger. This program is called using the SCSI control +device. On Linux for tape drive /dev/nst0, this is usually /dev/sg0, while on +FreeBSD for /dev/nsa0, the control device is often /dev/pass2. For example on +my DDS-4 drive (/dev/nst0), I get the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +tapeinfo -f /dev/sg0 +Product Type: Tape Drive +Vendor ID: 'HP ' +Product ID: 'C5713A ' +Revision: 'H107' +Attached Changer: No +MinBlock:1 +MaxBlock:16777215 +SCSI ID: 5 +SCSI LUN: 0 +Ready: yes +BufferedMode: yes +Medium Type: Not Loaded +Density Code: 0x26 +BlockSize: 0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where the {\bf DataCompEnabled: yes} means that tape hardware compression is +turned on. You can turn it on and off (yes|no) by using the {\bf mt} +commands given above. Also, this output will tell you if the {\bf BlockSize} +is non-zero and hence set for a particular block size. Bacula is not likely to +work in such a situation because it will normally attempt to write blocks of +64,512 bytes, except the last block of the job which will generally be +shorter. The first thing to try is setting the default block size to zero +using the {\bf mt -f /dev/nst0 defblksize 0} command as shown above. +On FreeBSD, this would be something like: {\bf mt -f /dev/nsa0 blocksize 0}. + +On some operating systems with some tape drives, the amount of data that +can be written to the tape and whether or not compression is enabled is +determined by the density usually the {\bf mt -f /dev/nst0 setdensity xxx} command. +Often {\bf mt -f /dev/nst0 status} will print out the current +density code that is used with the drive. Most systems, but unfortunately +not all, set the density to the maximum by default. On some systems, you +can also get a list of all available density codes with: +{\bf mt -f /dev/nst0 densities} or a similar {\bf mt} command. +Note, for DLT and SDLT devices, no-compression versus compression is very +often controlled by the density code. On FreeBSD systems, the compression +mode is set using {\bf mt -f /dev/nsa0 comp xxx} where xxx is the +mode you want. In general, see {\bf man mt} for the options available on +your system. + +Note, some of the above {\bf mt} commands may not be persistent depending +on your system configuration. That is they may be reset if a program +other than Bacula uses the drive or, as is frequently the case, on reboot +of your system. + +If your tape drive requires fixed block sizes (very unusual), you can use the +following records: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Minimum Block Size = nnn +Maximum Block Size = nnn +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +in your Storage daemon's Device resource to force Bacula to write fixed size +blocks (where you sent nnn to be the same for both of the above records). This +should be done only if your drive does not support variable block sizes, or +you have some other strong reasons for using fixed block sizes. As mentioned +above, a small fixed block size of 512 or 1024 bytes will be very inefficient. +Try to set any fixed block size to something like 64,512 bytes or larger if +your drive will support it. + +Also, note that the {\bf Medium Type} field of the output of {\bf tapeinfo} +reports {\bf Not Loaded}, which is not correct. As a consequence, you should +ignore that field as well as the {\bf Attached Changer} field. + +To recover files from tapes written in fixed block mode, see below. +\label{FreeBSDTapes} + +\subsection{Tape Modes on FreeBSD} +\index[general]{FreeBSD!Tape Modes on} +\index[general]{Tape Modes on FreeBSD} + +On most FreeBSD systems such as 4.9 and most tape drives, Bacula should run +with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mt -f /dev/nsa0 seteotmodel 2 +mt -f /dev/nsa0 blocksize 0 +mt -f /dev/nsa0 comp enable +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +You might want to put those commands in a startup script to make sure your +tape driver is properly initialized before running Bacula, because +depending on your system configuration, these modes may be reset if a +program other than Bacula uses the drive or when your system is rebooted. + +Then according to what the {\bf btape test} command returns, you will probably +need to set the following (see below for an alternative): + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Hardware End of Medium = no + BSF at EOM = yes + Backward Space Record = no + Backward Space File = no + Fast Forward Space File = no + TWO EOF = yes +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Then be sure to run some append tests with Bacula where you start and stop +Bacula between appending to the tape, or use {\bf btape} version 1.35.1 or +greater, which includes simulation of stopping/restarting Bacula. + +Please see the file {\bf platforms/freebsd/pthreads-fix.txt} in the main +Bacula directory concerning {\bf important} information concerning +compatibility of Bacula and your system. A much more optimal Device +configuration is shown below, but does not work with all tape drives. Please +test carefully before putting either into production. + +Note, for FreeBSD 4.10-RELEASE, using a Sony TSL11000 L100 DDS4 with an +autochanger set to variable block size and DCLZ compression, Brian McDonald +reports that to get Bacula to append correctly between Bacula executions, +the correct values to use are: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mt -f /dev/nsa0 seteotmodel 1 +mt -f /dev/nsa0 blocksize 0 +mt -f /dev/nsa0 comp enable +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Hardware End of Medium = no + BSF at EOM = no + Backward Space Record = no + Backward Space File = no + Fast Forward Space File = yes + TWO EOF = no +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This has been confirmed by several other people using different hardware. This +configuration is the preferred one because it uses one EOF and no backspacing +at the end of the tape, which works much more efficiently and reliably with +modern tape drives. + +Finally, here is a Device configuration that Danny Butroyd reports to work +correctly with the Overland Powerloader tape library using LT0-2 and +FreeBSD 5.4-Stable: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# Overland Powerloader LT02 - 17 slots single drive +Device { + Name = Powerloader + Media Type = LT0-2 + Archive Device = /dev/nsa0 + AutomaticMount = yes; + AlwaysOpen = yes; + RemovableMedia = yes; + RandomAccess = no; + Changer Command = "/usr/local/sbin/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d" + Changer Device = /dev/pass2 + AutoChanger = yes + Alert Command = "sh -c 'tapeinfo -f %c |grep TapeAlert|cat'" + + # FreeBSD Specific Settings + Offline On Unmount = no + Hardware End of Medium = no + BSF at EOM = yes + Backward Space Record = no + Fast Forward Space File = no + TWO EOF = yes +} + +The following Device resource works fine with Dell PowerVault 110T and +120T devices on both FreeBSD 5.3 and on NetBSD 3.0. It also works +with Sony AIT-2 drives on FreeBSD. +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Device { + ... + # FreeBSD/NetBSD Specific Settings + Hardware End of Medium = no + BSF at EOM = yes + Backward Space Record = no + Fast Forward Space File = yes + TWO EOF = yes +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +On FreeBSD version 6.0, it is reported that you can even set +Backward Space Record = yes. + + + +\subsection{Finding your Tape Drives and Autochangers on FreeBSD} +\index[general]{FreeBSD!Finding Tape Drives and Autochangers} +\index[general]{Finding Tape Drives and Autochangers on FreeBSD} + +On FreeBSD, you can do a {\bf camcontrol devlist} as root to determine what +drives and autochangers you have. For example, + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +undef# camcontrol devlist + at scbus0 target 2 lun 0 (pass0,sa0) + at scbus0 target 4 lun 0 (pass1,sa1) + at scbus0 target 4 lun 1 (pass2) +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +from the above, you can determine that there is a tape drive on {\bf /dev/sa0} +and another on {\bf /dev/sa1} in addition since there is a second line for the +drive on {\bf /dev/sa1}, you know can assume that it is the control device for +the autochanger (i.e. {\bf /dev/pass2}). It is also the control device name to +use when invoking the tapeinfo program. E.g. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +tapeinfo -f /dev/pass2 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\label{onstream} + +\subsection{Using the OnStream driver on Linux Systems} +\index[general]{Using the OnStream driver on Linux Systems} +\index[general]{Systems!Using the OnStream driver on Linux} + +Bacula version 1.33 (not 1.32x) is now working and ready for testing with the +OnStream kernel osst driver version 0.9.14 or above. Osst is available from: +\elink{http://sourceforge.net/projects/osst/} +{http://sourceforge.net/projects/osst/}. + +To make Bacula work you must first load the new driver then, as root, do: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + mt -f /dev/nosst0 defblksize 32768 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Also you must add the following to your Device resource in your Storage +daemon's conf file: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Minimum Block Size = 32768 + Maximum Block Size = 32768 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Here is a Device specification provided by Michel Meyers that is known to +work: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Device { + Name = "Onstream DI-30" + Media Type = "ADR-30" + Archive Device = /dev/nosst0 + Minimum Block Size = 32768 + Maximum Block Size = 32768 + Hardware End of Medium = yes + BSF at EOM = no + Backward Space File = yes + Fast Forward Space File = yes + Two EOF = no + AutomaticMount = yes + AlwaysOpen = yes + Removable Media = yes +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Hardware Compression on EXB-8900} +\index[general]{Hardware Compression on EXB-8900} +\index[general]{EXB-8900!Hardware Compression} + +To active, check, or disable the hardware compression feature +on an EXB-8900, use the exabyte MammothTool. You can get it here: +\elink{http://www.exabyte.com/support/online/downloads/index.cfm} +{http://www.exabyte.com/support/online/downloads/index.cfm}. +There is a Solaris version of this tool. With option -C 0 or 1 you +can disable or activate compression. Start this tool without any +options for a small reference. + +\label{fill} +\subsection{Using btape to Simulate Filling a Tape} +\index[general]{Using btape to Simulate Filling a Tape} +\index[general]{Tape!Using btape to Simulate Filling} + +Because there are often problems with certain tape drives or systems when end +of tape conditions occur, {\bf btape} has a special command {\bf fill} that +causes it to write random data to a tape until the tape fills. It then writes +at least one more Bacula block to a second tape. Finally, it reads back both +tapes to ensure that the data has been written in a way that Bacula can +recover it. Note, there is also a single tape option as noted below, which you +should use rather than the two tape test. See below for more details. + +This can be an extremely time consuming process (here it is about 6 hours) to +fill a full tape. Note, that btape writes random data to the tape when it is +filling it. This has two consequences: 1. it takes a bit longer to generate +the data, especially on slow CPUs. 2. the total amount of data is +approximately the real physical capacity of your tape, regardless of whether +or not the tape drive compression is on or off. This is because random data +does not compress very much. + +To begin this test, you enter the {\bf fill} command and follow the +instructions. There are two options: the simple single tape option and the +multiple tape option. Please use only the simple single tape option because +the multiple tape option still doesn't work totally correctly. If the single +tape option does not succeed, you should correct the problem before using +Bacula. +\label{RecoveringFiles} + +\section{Recovering Files Written With Fixed Block Sizes} +\index[general]{Recovering Files Written With Fixed Block Sizes} + +If you have been previously running your tape drive in fixed block mode +(default 512) and Bacula with variable blocks (default), then in version +1.32f-x and 1.34 and above, Bacula will fail to recover files because it does +block spacing, and because the block sizes don't agree between your tape drive +and Bacula it will not work. + +The long term solution is to run your drive in variable block mode as +described above. However, if you have written tapes using fixed block sizes, +this can be a bit of a pain. The solution to the problem is: while you are +doing a restore command using a tape written in fixed block size, ensure that +your drive is set to the fixed block size used while the tape was written. +Then when doing the {\bf restore} command in the Console program, do not +answer the prompt {\bf yes/mod/no}. Instead, edit the bootstrap file (the +location is listed in the prompt) using any ASCII editor. Remove all {\bf +VolBlock} lines in the file. When the file is re-written, answer the question, +and Bacula will run without using block positioning, and it should recover +your files. + +\label{BlockModes} +\section{Tape Blocking Modes} +\index[general]{Modes!Tape Blocking} +\index[general]{Tape Blocking Modes} + +SCSI tapes may either be written in {\bf variable} or {\bf fixed} block sizes. +Newer drives support both modes, but some drives such as the QIC devices +always use fixed block sizes. Bacula attempts to fill and write complete +blocks (default 65K), so that in normal mode (variable block size), Bacula +will always write blocks of the same size except the last block of a Job. If +Bacula is configured to write fixed block sizes, it will pad the last block of +the Job to the correct size. Bacula expects variable tape block size drives to +behave as follows: Each write to the drive results in a single record being +written to the tape. Each read returns a single record. If you request less +bytes than are in the record, only those number of bytes will be returned, but +the entire logical record will have been read (the next read will retrieve the +next record). Thus data from a single write is always returned in a single +read, and sequentially written records are returned by sequential reads. + +Bacula expects fixed block size tape drives to behave as follows: If a write +length is greater than the physical block size of the drive, the write will be +written as two blocks each of the fixed physical size. This single write may +become multiple physical records on the tape. (This is not a good situation). +According to the documentation, one may never write an amount of data that is +not the exact multiple of the blocksize (it is not specified if an error +occurs or if the the last record is padded). When reading, it is my +understanding that each read request reads one physical record from the tape. +Due to the complications of fixed block size tape drives, you should avoid +them if possible with Bacula, or you must be ABSOLUTELY certain that you use +fixed block sizes within Bacula that correspond to the physical block size of +the tape drive. This will ensure that Bacula has a one to one correspondence +between what it writes and the physical record on the tape. + +Please note that Bacula will not function correctly if it writes a block and +that block is split into two or more physical records on the tape. Bacula +assumes that each write causes a single record to be written, and that it can +sequentially recover each of the blocks it has written by using the same +number of sequential reads as it had written. + +\section{Details of Tape Modes} +\index[general]{Modes!Details} +\index[general]{Details of Tape Modes} +Rudolf Cejka has provided the following information concerning +certain tape modes and MTEOM. + +\begin{description} +\item[Tape level] + It is always possible to position filemarks or blocks, whereas + positioning to the end-of-data is only optional feature, however it is + implemented very often. SCSI specification also talks about optional + sequential filemarks, setmarks and sequential setmarks, but these are not + implemented so often. Modern tape drives keep track of file positions in + built-in chip (AIT, LTO) or at the beginning of the tape (SDLT), so there + is not any speed difference, if end-of-data or filemarks is used (I have + heard, that LTO-1 from all 3 manufacturers do not use its chip for file + locations, but a tape as in SDLT case, and I'm not sure about LTO-2 and + LTO-3 case). However there is a big difference, that end-of-data ignores + file position, whereas filemarks returns the real number of skipped + files, so OS can track current file number just in filemarks case. + +\item[OS level] + Solaris does use just SCSI SPACE Filemarks, it does not support SCSI + SPACE End-of-data. When MTEOM is called, Solaris does use SCSI SPACE + Filemarks with count = 1048576 for fast mode, and combination of SCSI + SPACE Filemarks with count = 1 with SCSI SPACE Blocks with count = 1 for + slow mode, so EOD mark on the tape on some older tape drives is not + skipped. File number is always tracked for MTEOM. + + Linux does support both SCSI SPACE Filemarks and End-of-data: When MTEOM + is called in MT\_ST\_FAST\_MTEOM mode, SCSI SPACE End-of-data is used. + In the other case, SCSI SPACE Filemarks with count = + 8388607 is used. + There is no real slow mode like in Solaris - I just expect, that for + older tape drives Filemarks may be slower than End-of-data, but not so + much as in Solaris slow mode. File number is tracked for MTEOM just + without MT\_ST\_FAST\_MTEOM - when MT\_ST\_FAST\_MTEOM is used, it is not. + + FreeBSD does support both SCSI SPACE Filemarks and End-of-data, but when + MTEOD (MTEOM) is called, SCSI SPACE End-of-data is always used. FreeBSD + never use SCSI SPACE Filemarks for MTEOD. File number is never tracked + for MTEOD. + +\item[Bacula level] + When {\bf Hardware End of Medium = Yes} is used, MTEOM is called, but it + does not mean, that hardware End-of-data must be used. When Hardware End + of Medium = No, if Fast Forward Space File = Yes, MTFSF with count = + 32767 is used, else Block Read with count = 1 with Forward Space File + with count = 1 is used, which is really very slow. + +\item [Hardware End of Medium = Yes|No] + The name of this option is misleading and is the source of confusion, + because it is not the hardware EOM, what is really switched here. + + If I use Yes, OS must not use SCSI SPACE End-of-data, because Bacula + expects, that there is tracked file number, which is not supported by + SCSI specification. Instead, the OS have to use SCSI SPACE Filemarks. + + If I use No, an action depends on Fast Forward Space File. + + When I set {\bf Hardware End of Medium = no} + and {\bf Fast Forward Space File = no} + file positioning was very slow + on my LTO-3 (about ten to 100 minutes), but + + with {\bf Hardware End of Medium = no} and +{\bf Fast Forward Space File = yes}, the time is ten to +100 times faster (about one to two minutes). + +\end{description} + +\section{Tape Performance Problems} +\index[general]{Tape Performance} +If you have LTO-3 or LTO-4 drives, you should be able to +fairly good transfer rates; from 60 to 150 MB/second, providing +you have fast disks; GigaBit Ethernet connections (probably 2); you are +running multiple simultaneous jobs; you have Bacula data spooling +enabled; your tape block size is set to 131072 or 262144; and +you have set {\bf Maximum File Size = 5G}. + +If you are not getting good performance, consider some of the following +suggestions from the Allen Balck on the Bacula Users email list: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item You are using an old HBA (i.e. SCSI-1, which only does 5 MB/s) + +\item There are other, slower, devices on the SCSI bus. The HBA will + negotiate the speed of every device down to the speed of the + slowest. + +\item There is a termination problem on the bus (either too much or + too little termination). The HBA will drop the bus speed in an + attempt to increase the reliability of the bus. + +\item Loose or damaged cabling - this will probably make the HBA "think" + you have a termination problem and it will react as in 3 above. +\end{enumerate} + +See if /var/adm/messages (or /var/log/messages) tells you what the sync +rate of the SCSI devices/bus are. Also, the next time you reboot, the +BIOS may be able to tell you what the rate of each device is. + + +\section{Autochanger Errors} +\index[general]{Errors!Autochanger} +\index[general]{Autochanger Errors} + +If you are getting errors such as: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +3992 Bad autochanger "load slot 1, drive 1": ERR=Child exited with code 1. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and you are running your Storage daemon as non-root, then most likely +you are having permissions problems with the control channel. Running +as root, set permissions on /dev/sgX so that the userid and group of +your Storage daemon can access the device. You need to ensure that you +all access to the proper control device, and if you don't have any +SCSI disk drives (including SATA drives), you might want to change +the permissions on /dev/sg*. + +\section{Syslog Errors} +\index[general]{Errors!Syslog} +\index[general]{Syslog Errors} + +If you are getting errors such as: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +: kernel: st0: MTSETDRVBUFFER only allowed for root +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +you are most likely running your Storage daemon as non-root, and +Bacula is attempting to set the correct OS buffering to correspond +to your Device resource. Most OSes allow only root to issue this +ioctl command. In general, the message can be ignored providing +you are sure that your OS parameters are properly configured as +described earlier in this manual. If you are running your Storage daemon +as root, you should not be getting these system log messages, and if +you are, something is probably wrong. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/problems/tips-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/problems/tips-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f13da7a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/problems/tips-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1045 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Tips and Suggestions} +\label{TipsChapter} +\index[general]{Tips and Suggestions } +\index[general]{Suggestions!Tips and } +\label{examples} +\index[general]{Examples } + +There are a number of example scripts for various things that can be found in +the {\bf example} subdirectory and its subdirectories of the Bacula source +distribution. + +For additional tips, please see the \elink{Bacula +wiki}{http://wiki.bacula.org}. + +\section{Upgrading Bacula Versions} +\label{upgrading} +\index[general]{Upgrading Bacula Versions } +\index[general]{Versions!Upgrading Bacula } +\index[general]{Upgrading} + +The first thing to do before upgrading from one version to another is to +ensure that you don't overwrite or delete your production (current) version +of Bacula until you have tested that the new version works. + +If you have installed Bacula into a single directory, this is simple: simply +make a copy of your Bacula directory. + +If you have done a more typical Unix installation where the binaries are +placed in one directory and the configuration files are placed in another, +then the simplest way is to configure your new Bacula to go into a single +file. Alternatively, make copies of all your binaries and especially your +conf files. + +Whatever your situation may be (one of the two just described), you should +probably start with the {\bf defaultconf} script that can be found in the {\bf +examples} subdirectory. Copy this script to the main Bacula directory, modify +it as necessary (there should not need to be many modifications), configure +Bacula, build it, install it, then stop your production Bacula, copy all the +{\bf *.conf} files from your production Bacula directory to the test Bacula +directory, start the test version, and run a few test backups. If all seems +good, then you can proceed to install the new Bacula in place of or possibly +over the old Bacula. + +When installing a new Bacula you need not worry about losing the changes you +made to your configuration files as the installation process will not +overwrite them providing that you do not do a {\bf make uninstall}. + +If the new version of Bacula requires an upgrade to the database, +you can upgrade it with the script {\bf update\_bacula\_tables}, which +will be installed in your scripts directory (default {\bf /etc/bacula}), +or alternatively, you can find it in the +{\bf \lt{}bacula-source\gt{}/src/cats} directory. + +\section{Getting Notified of Job Completion} +\label{notification} +\index[general]{Getting Notified of Job Completion } +\index[general]{Completion!Getting Notified of Job } + +One of the first things you should do is to ensure that you are being properly +notified of the status of each Job run by Bacula, or at a minimum of each Job +that terminates with an error. + +Until you are completely comfortable with {\bf Bacula}, we recommend that you +send an email to yourself for each Job that is run. This is most easily +accomplished by adding an email notification address in the {\bf Messages} +resource of your Director's configuration file. An email is automatically +configured in the default configuration files, but you must ensure that the +default {\bf root} address is replaced by your email address. + +For additional examples of how to configure a Bacula, please take a look at the +{\bf .conf} files found in the {\bf examples} sub-directory. We recommend the +following configuration (where you change the paths and email address to +correspond to your setup). Note, the {\bf mailcommand} and {\bf +operatorcommand} should be on a single line. They were split here for +presentation: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Messages { + Name = Standard + mailcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -h localhost + -f \"\(Bacula\) %r\" + -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r" + operatorcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -h localhost + -f \"\(Bacula\) %r\" + -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r" + Mail = your-email-address = all, !skipped, !terminate + append = "/home/bacula/bin/log" = all, !skipped, !terminate + operator = your-email-address = mount + console = all, !skipped, !saved +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +You will need to ensure that the {\bf /home/bacula/bin} path on the {\bf +mailcommand} and the {\bf operatorcommand} lines point to your {\bf Bacula} +binary directory where the {\bf bsmtp} program will be installed. You will +also want to ensure that the {\bf your-email-address} is replaced by your +email address, and finally, you will also need to ensure that the {\bf +/home/bacula/bin/log} points to the file where you want to log all messages. + +With the above Messages resource, you will be notified by email of every Job +that ran, all the output will be appended to the {\bf log} file you specify, +all output will be directed to the console program, and all mount messages +will be emailed to you. Note, some messages will be sent to multiple +destinations. + +The form of the mailcommand is a bit complicated, but it allows you to +distinguish whether the Job terminated in error or terminated normally. Please +see the +\ilink{Mail Command}{mailcommand} section of the Messages +Resource chapter of this manual for the details of the substitution characters +used above. + +Once you are totally comfortable with Bacula as I am, or if you have a large +number of nightly Jobs as I do (eight), you will probably want to change the +{\bf Mail} command to {\bf Mail On Error} which will generate an email message +only if the Job terminates in error. If the Job terminates normally, no email +message will be sent, but the output will still be appended to the log file as +well as sent to the Console program. + +\section{Getting Email Notification to Work} +\label{email} +\index[general]{Work!Getting Email Notification to } +\index[general]{Getting Email Notification to Work } + +The section above describes how to get email notification of job status. +Occasionally, however, users have problems receiving any email at all. In that +case, the things to check are the following: + +\begin{itemize} +\item Ensure that you have a valid email address specified on your {\bf Mail} + record in the Director's Messages resource. The email address should be fully + qualified. Simply using {\bf root} generally will not work, rather you should +use {\bf root@localhost} or better yet your full domain. +\item Ensure that you do not have a {\bf Mail} record in the Storage daemon's + or File daemon's configuration files. The only record you should have is {\bf + director}: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + director = director-name = all + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item If all else fails, try replacing the {\bf mailcommand} with + + \footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mailcommand = "mail -s test your@domain.com" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item Once the above is working, assuming you want to use {\bf bsmtp}, submit + the desired bsmtp command by hand and ensure that the email is delivered, + then put that command into {\bf Bacula}. Small differences in things such as +the parenthesis around the word Bacula can make a big difference to some +bsmtp programs. For example, you might start simply by using: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +mailcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -f \"root@localhost\" %r" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\end{itemize} + +\section{Getting Notified that Bacula is Running} +\label{JobNotification} +\index[general]{Running!Getting Notified that Bacula is } +\index[general]{Getting Notified that Bacula is Running } + +If like me, you have setup Bacula so that email is sent only when a Job has +errors, as described in the previous section of this chapter, inevitably, one +day, something will go wrong and {\bf Bacula} can stall. This could be because +Bacula crashes, which is vary rare, or more likely the network has caused {\bf +Bacula} to {\bf hang} for some unknown reason. + +To avoid this, you can use the {\bf RunAfterJob} command in the Job resource +to schedule a Job nightly, or weekly that simply emails you a message saying +that Bacula is still running. For example, I have setup the following Job in +my Director's configuration file: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Schedule { + Name = "Watchdog" + Run = Level=Full sun-sat at 6:05 +} +Job { + Name = "Watchdog" + Type = Admin + Client=Watchdog + FileSet="Verify Set" + Messages = Standard + Storage = DLTDrive + Pool = Default + Schedule = "Watchdog" + RunAfterJob = "/home/kern/bacula/bin/watchdog %c %d" +} +Client { + Name = Watchdog + Address = rufus + FDPort = 9102 + Catalog = Verify + Password = "" + File Retention = 1day + Job Retention = 1 month + AutoPrune = yes +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Where I established a schedule to run the Job nightly. The Job itself is type +{\bf Admin} which means that it doesn't actually do anything, and I've defined +a FileSet, Pool, Storage, and Client, all of which are not really used (and +probably don't need to be specified). The key aspect of this Job is the +command: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + RunAfterJob = "/home/kern/bacula/bin/watchdog %c %d" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +which runs my "watchdog" script. As an example, I have added the Job codes +\%c and \%d which will cause the Client name and the Director's name to be +passed to the script. For example, if the Client's name is {\bf Watchdog} and +the Director's name is {\bf main-dir} then referencing \$1 in the script would +get {\bf Watchdog} and referencing \$2 would get {\bf main-dir}. In this case, +having the script know the Client and Director's name is not really useful, +but in other situations it may be. + +You can put anything in the watchdog script. In my case, I like to monitor the +size of my catalog to be sure that {\bf Bacula} is really pruning it. The +following is my watchdog script: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +#!/bin/sh +cd /home/kern/mysql/var/bacula +du . * | +/home/kern/bacula/bin/bsmtp \ + -f "\(Bacula\) abuse@whitehouse.com" -h mail.yyyy.com \ + -s "Bacula running" abuse@whitehouse.com +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you just wish to send yourself a message, you can do it with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +#!/bin/sh +cd /home/kern/mysql/var/bacula +/home/kern/bacula/bin/bsmtp \ + -f "\(Bacula\) abuse@whitehouse.com" -h mail.yyyy.com \ + -s "Bacula running" abuse@whitehouse.com </volume-list + exit 0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +so that the whole case looks like: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + list) +# +# commented out lines + cat /volume-list + exit 0 + ;; +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where you replace \lt{}absolute-path\gt{} with the full path to the +volume-list file. Then using the console, you enter the following command: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + label barcodes +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and Bacula will proceed to mount the autochanger Volumes in the list and label +them with the Volume names you have supplied. Bacula will think that the list +was provided by the autochanger barcodes, but in reality, it was you who +supplied the \lt{}barcodes\gt{}. + +If it seems to work, when it finishes, enter: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + list volumes +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and you should see all the volumes nicely created. + +\section{Backing Up Portables Using DHCP} +\label{DNS} +\index[general]{DHCP!Backing Up Portables Using } +\index[general]{Backing Up Portables Using DHCP } + +You may want to backup laptops or portables that are not always connected to +the network. If you are using DHCP to assign an IP address to those machines +when they connect, you will need to use the Dynamic Update capability of DNS +to assign a name to those machines that can be used in the Address field of +the Client resource in the Director's conf file. + +\section{Going on Vacation} +\label{Vacation} +\index[general]{Vacation!Going on } +\index[general]{Going on Vacation } + +At some point, you may want to be absent for a week or two and you want to +make sure Bacula has enough tape left so that the backups will complete. You +start by doing a {\bf list volumes} in the Console program: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +list volumes + +Using default Catalog name=BackupDB DB=bacula +Pool: Default ++---------+---------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+- +| MediaId | VolumeName | MediaType | VolStatus | VolBytes | ++---------+---------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+- +| 23 | DLT-30Nov02 | DLT8000 | Full | 54,739,278,128 | +| 24 | DLT-21Dec02 | DLT8000 | Full | 56,331,524,629 | +| 25 | DLT-11Jan03 | DLT8000 | Full | 67,863,514,895 | +| 26 | DLT-02Feb03 | DLT8000 | Full | 63,439,314,216 | +| 27 | DLT-03Mar03 | DLT8000 | Full | 66,022,754,598 | +| 28 | DLT-04Apr03 | DLT8000 | Full | 60,792,559,924 | +| 29 | DLT-28Apr03 | DLT8000 | Full | 62,072,494,063 | +| 30 | DLT-17May03 | DLT8000 | Full | 65,901,767,839 | +| 31 | DLT-07Jun03 | DLT8000 | Used | 56,558,490,015 | +| 32 | DLT-28Jun03 | DLT8000 | Full | 64,274,871,265 | +| 33 | DLT-19Jul03 | DLT8000 | Full | 64,648,749,480 | +| 34 | DLT-08Aug03 | DLT8000 | Full | 64,293,941,255 | +| 35 | DLT-24Aug03 | DLT8000 | Append | 9,999,216,782 | ++---------+---------------+-----------+-----------+----------------+ +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Note, I have truncated the output for presentation purposes. What is +significant, is that I can see that my current tape has almost 10 Gbytes of +data, and that the average amount of data I get on my tapes is about 60 +Gbytes. So if I go on vacation now, I don't need to worry about tape capacity +(at least not for short absences). + +Equally significant is the fact that I did go on vacation the 28th of June +2003, and when I did the {\bf list volumes} command, my current tape at that +time, DLT-07Jun03 MediaId 31, had 56.5 Gbytes written. I could see that the +tape would fill shortly. Consequently, I manually marked it as {\bf Used} and +replaced it with a fresh tape that I labeled as DLT-28Jun03, thus assuring +myself that the backups would all complete without my intervention. + +\section{Exclude Files on Windows Regardless of Case} +\label{Case} +\index[general]{Exclude Files on Windows Regardless of Case} +% TODO: should this be put in the win32 chapter? +% TODO: should all these tips be placed in other chapters? + +This tip was submitted by Marc Brueckner who wasn't sure of the case of some +of his files on Win32, which is case insensitive. The problem is that Bacula +thinks that {\bf /UNIMPORTANT FILES} is different from {\bf /Unimportant +Files}. Marc was aware that the file exclusion permits wild-cards. So, he +specified: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +"/[Uu][Nn][Ii][Mm][Pp][Oo][Rr][Tt][Aa][Nn][Tt] [Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee][Ss]" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +As a consequence, the above exclude works for files of any case. + +Please note that this works only in Bacula Exclude statement and not in +Include. + +\section{Executing Scripts on a Remote Machine} +\label{RemoteExecution} +\index[general]{Machine!Executing Scripts on a Remote } +\index[general]{Executing Scripts on a Remote Machine } + +This tip also comes from Marc Brueckner. (Note, this tip is probably outdated +by the addition of {\bf ClientRunBeforJob} and {\bf ClientRunAfterJob} Job +records, but the technique still could be useful.) First I thought the "Run +Before Job" statement in the Job-resource is for executing a script on the +remote machine (the machine to be backed up). (Note, this is possible as mentioned +above by using {\bf ClientRunBeforJob} and {\bf ClientRunAfterJob}). +It could be useful to execute +scripts on the remote machine e.g. for stopping databases or other services +while doing the backup. (Of course I have to start the services again when the +backup has finished) I found the following solution: Bacula could execute +scripts on the remote machine by using ssh. The authentication is done +automatically using a private key. First you have to generate a keypair. I've +done this by: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +ssh-keygen -b 4096 -t dsa -f Bacula_key +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This statement may take a little time to run. It creates a public/private key +pair with no passphrase. You could save the keys in /etc/bacula. Now you have +two new files : Bacula\_key which contains the private key and Bacula\_key.pub +which contains the public key. + +Now you have to append the Bacula\_key.pub file to the file authorized\_keys +in the \textbackslash{}root\textbackslash{}.ssh directory of the remote +machine. Then you have to add (or uncomment) the line + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +to the sshd\_config file on the remote machine. Where the \%h stands for the +home-directory of the user (root in this case). + +Assuming that your sshd is already running on the remote machine, you can now +enter the following on the machine where Bacula runs: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +ssh -i Bacula_key -l root "ls -la" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +This should execute the "ls -la" command on the remote machine. + +Now you could add lines like the following to your Director's conf file: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +... +Run Before Job = ssh -i /etc/bacula/Bacula_key 192.168.1.1 \ + "/etc/init.d/database stop" +Run After Job = ssh -i /etc/bacula/Bacula_key 192.168.1.1 \ + "/etc/init.d/database start" +... +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Even though Bacula version 1.32 and later has a ClientRunBeforeJob, the ssh method still +could be useful for updating all the Bacula clients on several remote machines +in a single script. + +\section{Recycling All Your Volumes} +\label{recycle} +\index[general]{Recycling All Your Volumes } +\index[general]{Volumes!Recycling All Your } + +This tip comes from Phil Stracchino. + +If you decide to blow away your catalog and start over, the simplest way to +re-add all your prelabeled tapes with a minimum of fuss (provided you don't +care about the data on the tapes) is to add the tape labels using the console +{\bf add} command, then go into the catalog and manually set the VolStatus of +every tape to {\bf Recycle}. + +The SQL command to do this is very simple, either use your vendor's +command line interface (mysql, postgres, sqlite, ...) or use the sql +command in the Bacula console: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +update Media set VolStatus='Recycle'; +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Bacula will then ignore the data already stored on the tapes and just re-use +each tape without further objection. + +\section{Backing up ACLs on ext3 or XFS filesystems} +\label{ACLs} +\index[general]{Filesystems!Backing up ACLs on ext3 or XFS } +\index[general]{Backing up ACLs on ext3 or XFS filesystems } + +This tip comes from Volker Sauer. + +Note, this tip was given prior to implementation of ACLs in Bacula (version +1.34.5). It is left here because dumping/displaying ACLs can still be useful +in testing/verifying that Bacula is backing up and restoring your ACLs +properly. Please see the +\ilink{aclsupport}{ACLSupport} FileSet option in the +configuration chapter of this manual. + +For example, you could dump the ACLs to a file with a script similar to the +following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +#!/bin/sh +BACKUP_DIRS="/foo /bar" +STORE_ACL=/root/acl-backup +umask 077 +for i in $BACKUP_DIRS; do + cd $i /usr/bin/getfacl -R --skip-base .>$STORE_ACL/${i//\//_} +done +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Then use Bacula to backup {\bf /root/acl-backup}. + +The ACLs could be restored using Bacula to the {\bf /root/acl-backup} file, +then restored to your system using: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +setfacl --restore/root/acl-backup +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Total Automation of Bacula Tape Handling} +\label{automate} +\index[general]{Handling!Total Automation of Bacula Tape } +\index[general]{Total Automation of Bacula Tape Handling } + +This tip was provided by Alexander Kuehn. + +\elink{Bacula}{http://www.bacula.org/} is a really nice backup program except +that the manual tape changing requires user interaction with the bacula +console. + +Fortunately I can fix this. +NOTE!!! This suggestion applies for people who do *NOT* have tape autochangers +and must change tapes manually.!!!!! + +Bacula supports a variety of tape changers through the use of mtx-changer +scripts/programs. This highly flexible approach allowed me to create +\elink{this shell script}{http://www.bacula.org/en/rel-manual/mtx-changer.txt} which does the following: +% TODO: We need to include this in book appendix and point to it. +% TODO: +Whenever a new tape is required it sends a mail to the operator to insert the +new tape. Then it waits until a tape has been inserted, sends a mail again to +say thank you and let's bacula continue its backup. +So you can schedule and run backups without ever having to log on or see the +console. +To make the whole thing work you need to create a Device resource which looks +something like this ("Archive Device", "Maximum Changer Wait", "Media +Type" and "Label media" may have different values): + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Device { + Name=DDS3 + Archive Device = # use yours not mine! ;)/dev/nsa0 + Changer Device = # not really required/dev/nsa0 + Changer Command = "# use this (maybe change the path)! + /usr/local/bin/mtx-changer %o %a %S" + Maximum Changer Wait = 3d # 3 days in seconds + AutomaticMount = yes; # mount on start + AlwaysOpen = yes; # keep device locked + Media Type = DDS3 # it's just a name + RemovableMedia = yes; # + Offline On Unmount = Yes; # keep this too + Label media = Yes; # +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +As the script has to emulate the complete wisdom of a mtx-changer it has an +internal "database" containing where which tape is stored, you can see this on +the following line: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +labels="VOL-0001 VOL-0002 VOL-0003 VOL-0004 VOL-0005 VOL-0006 +VOL-0007 VOL-0008 VOL-0009 VOL-0010 VOL-0011 VOL-0012" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The above should be all on one line, and it effectively tells Bacula that +volume "VOL-0001" is located in slot 1 (which is our lowest slot), that +volume "VOL-0002" is located in slot 2 and so on.. +The script also maintains a logfile (/var/log/mtx.log) where you can monitor +its operation. + +\section{Running Concurrent Jobs} +\label{ConcurrentJobs} +\index[general]{Jobs!Running Concurrent} +\index[general]{Running Concurrent Jobs} +\index[general]{Concurrent Jobs} + +Bacula can run multiple concurrent jobs, but the default configuration files +do not enable it. Using the {\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs} directive, you +can configure how many and which jobs can be run simultaneously. +The Director's default value for {\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs} is "1". + +To initially setup concurrent jobs you need to define {\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs} in +the Director's configuration file (bacula-dir.conf) in the +Director, Job, Client, and Storage resources. + +Additionally the File daemon, and the Storage daemon each have their own +{\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs} directive that sets the overall maximum +number of concurrent jobs the daemon will run. The default for both the +File daemon and the Storage daemon is "20". + +For example, if you want two different jobs to run simultaneously backing up +the same Client to the same Storage device, they will run concurrently only if +you have set {\bf Maximum Concurrent Jobs} greater than one in the Director +resource, the Client resource, and the Storage resource in bacula-dir.conf. + +We recommend that you read the \ilink{Data +Spooling}{SpoolingChapter} of this manual first, then test your multiple +concurrent backup including restore testing before you put it into +production. + +Below is a super stripped down bacula-dir.conf file showing you the four +places where the the file must be modified to allow the same job {\bf +NightlySave} to run up to four times concurrently. The change to the Job +resource is not necessary if you want different Jobs to run at the same time, +which is the normal case. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +# +# Bacula Director Configuration file -- bacula-dir.conf +# +Director { + Name = rufus-dir + Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 4 + ... +} +Job { + Name = "NightlySave" + Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 4 + Client = rufus-fd + Storage = File + ... +} +Client { + Name = rufus-fd + Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 4 + ... +} +Storage { + Name = File + Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 4 + ... +} +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/bimagemgr-chapter.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/bimagemgr-chapter.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/utility/bimagemgr-chapter.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/utility/base/bimagemgr-chapter.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/fdl.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/fdl.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b46cd990 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/fdl.tex @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +% TODO: maybe get rid of centering + +\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License} +\index[general]{GNU Free Documentation License} +\index[general]{License!GNU Free Documentation} + +\label{label_fdl} + + \begin{center} + + Version 1.2, November 2002 + + + Copyright \copyright 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + \bigskip + + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + + \bigskip + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +\end{center} + + +\begin{center} +{\bf\large Preamble} +\end{center} + +The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other +functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to +assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, +with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. +Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way +to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible +for modifications made by others. + +This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative +works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 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To do this, add their titles to the +list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. +These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. + +You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains +nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various +parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has +been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a +standard. + +You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a +passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list +of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of +Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or +through arrangements made by) any one entity. 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COMBINING DOCUMENTS} +\end{center} + + +You may combine the Document with other documents released under this +License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified +versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the +Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and +list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its +license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. + +The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and +multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single +copy. 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COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS} +\end{center} + +You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents +released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this +License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in +the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for +verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. + +You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute +it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this +License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all +other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. + + +\begin{center} +{\Large\bf 7. 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FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE} +\end{center} + + +The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions +of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new +versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may +differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See +http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. + +Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. +If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this +License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of +following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or +of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the +Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version +number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not +as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. + + +\begin{center} +{\Large\bf ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents} +% TODO: this is too long for table of contents +\end{center} + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and +license notices just after the title page: + +\bigskip +\begin{quote} + Copyright \copyright YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU + Free Documentation License". +\end{quote} +\bigskip + +If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, +replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + +\bigskip +\begin{quote} + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the + Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. +\end{quote} +\bigskip + +If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + +If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, +to permit their use in free software. + +%--------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/progs.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/progs.tex similarity index 100% rename from docs/manuals/es/utility/progs.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/utility/base/progs.tex diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/rpm-faq.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/rpm-faq.tex similarity index 90% rename from docs/manuals/es/utility/rpm-faq.tex rename to docs/manuals/es/utility/base/rpm-faq.tex index 2e66285e..36dbb88b 100644 --- a/docs/manuals/es/utility/rpm-faq.tex +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/rpm-faq.tex @@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ \ilink{I just upgraded from 1.36.x to 1.38.x and now my director daemon won't start. It appears to start but dies silently and I get a "connection refused" error when starting the console. What is wrong?}{faq8} \item \ilink{There are a lot of rpm packages. Which packages do I need for what?}{faq9} +\item + \ilink{What happened to the build switches for gnome console, wxconsole and bat?}{faq10} \end{enumerate} \section{Answers} @@ -42,13 +44,13 @@ The bacula spec file contains defines to build for several platforms: \\ \\ Red Hat 7.x (rh7), Red Hat 8.0 (rh8), Red Hat 9 (rh9), \\ - Fedora Core (fc1, fc3, fc4, fc5, fc6, fc7, fc8), \\ + Fedora Core (fc1, fc3, fc4, fc5, fc6, fc7, fc8, fc9, fc10), \\ Whitebox Enterprise Linux 3.0 (wb3), \\ Red Hat Enterprise Linux (rhel3, rhel4, rhel5), \\ Mandrake 10.x (mdk), Mandriva 2006.x (mdv), \\ CentOS (centos3, centos4, centos5) \\ Scientific Linux (sl3, sl4, sl5) and \\ - SuSE (su9, su10, su102, su103, su110). \\ + SuSE (su9, su10, su102, su103, su110, su111, su112). \\ \\ The package build is controlled by a mandatory define set at the beginning of the file. These defines basically just control the dependency information that gets coded into the finished rpm package as well as any special configure options required. The platform define may be edited @@ -93,10 +95,6 @@ Alternately you may pass the define on the command line when calling rpmbuild: \footnotesize \begin{verbatim} %define mysql 0 - OR - %define mysql4 0 - OR - %define mysql5 0 \end{verbatim} \normalsize @@ -106,10 +104,6 @@ to \footnotesize \begin{verbatim} %define mysql 1 - OR - %define mysql4 1 - OR - %define mysql5 1 \end{verbatim} \normalsize @@ -119,8 +113,6 @@ in the spec file directly or pass it to rpmbuild on the command line: \footnotesize \begin{verbatim} rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql 1" bacula.spec - rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql4 1" bacula.spec - rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql5 1" bacula.spec \end{verbatim} \normalsize @@ -128,10 +120,9 @@ in the spec file directly or pass it to rpmbuild on the command line: \item \label{faq3} {\bf What other defines are used?} \\ - Three other building defines of note are the depkgs\_version, docs\_version and - \_rescuever identifiers. These two defines are set with each release and must - match the version of those sources that are being used to build the packages. - You would not ordinarily need to edit these. See also the Build Options section + One other building define of note is the depkgs\_version. This define is set with each release and must + match the version of the source that is being used to build the packages. + You would not ordinarily need to edit this. See also the Build Options section below for other build time options that can be passed on the command line. \item \label{faq4} @@ -171,6 +162,9 @@ and add the following line: \end{verbatim} \normalsize +It should be noted that Fedora from verion 10 and up is configured to build in +the directory ~/rpmbuild. + Another handy directive for the .rpmmacros file if you wish to suppress the creation of debug rpm packages is: @@ -251,6 +245,15 @@ bacula-wxconsole. The Bacula Administration Tool is installed with the bacula-bat package. One last package, bacula-updatedb is required only when upgrading a server more than one database revision level. +\item + \label{faq10} +The gnome console and wxconsole software is deprecated in favor of bat. The +bat (bacula administrative tool) is now packaged in it's own source RPM. There +are no command line switches to build it. The SRPM contains the current version +of QT that bat is developed against. Building the RPM will build QT and then build +bat against it. It will not install QT on your system. The resulting bat binary +can then be installed on a system without QT or with a different version of QT as it +will not use the QT shared objects. \item {\bf Support for RHEL3/4/5, CentOS 3/4/5, Scientific Linux 3/4/5 and x86\_64} @@ -305,6 +308,7 @@ Fedora Core build --define "build_fc7 1" --define "build_fc8 1" --define "build_fc9 1" +--define "build_fc10 1" Whitebox Enterprise build --define "build_wb3 1" @@ -331,6 +335,7 @@ SuSE build --define "build_su103 1" --define "build_su110 1" --define "build_su111 1" +--define "build_su112 1" Mandrake 10.x build --define "build_mdk 1" @@ -339,14 +344,7 @@ Mandriva build --define "build_mdv 1" MySQL support: -for mysql 3.23.x support define this --define "build_mysql 1" -if using mysql 4.x define this, -currently: Mandrake 10.x, Mandriva 2006.0, SuSE 9.x & 10.0, FC4 & RHEL4 ---define "build_mysql4 1" -if using mysql 5.x define this, -currently: SuSE 10.1 & FC5 ---define "build_mysql5 1" PostgreSQL support: --define "build_postgresql 1" @@ -360,29 +358,18 @@ Build the client rpm only in place of one of the above database full builds: X86-64 support: --define "build_x86_64 1" -Supress build of bgnome-console: ---define "nobuild_gconsole 1" - -Build the WXWindows console: -requires wxGTK >= 2.6 ---define "build_wxconsole 1" - -Build the Bacula Administration Tool: -requires QT >= 4.2 ---define "build_bat 1" - Build python scripting support: --define "build_python 1" +Build tcpwrappers support: +--define "build_tcpwrappers 1" + Modify the Packager tag for third party packages: --define "contrib_packager Your Name " Install most files to /opt/bacula directory: --define "single_dir_install 1" -Build the rescue files: ---define "build_rescue 1" - \end{verbatim} \normalsize diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utility.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utility.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6fd0226 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utility.tex @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +%% +%% +%% The following characters must be preceded by a backslash +%% to be entered as printable characters: +%% +%% # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } +%% + +\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{book} + +\topmargin -0.5in +\oddsidemargin 0.0in +\evensidemargin 0.0in +\textheight 10in +\textwidth 6.5in + +\usepackage{html} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{bacula} +\usepackage{longtable} +\usepackage{makeidx} +\usepackage{index} +\usepackage{setspace} +\usepackage{hyperref} +\usepackage{url} + + +\makeindex +\newindex{general}{idx}{ind}{General Index} + +\sloppy + +\begin{document} +\sloppy + +\newfont{\bighead}{cmr17 at 36pt} +\parskip 10pt +\parindent 0pt + +\title{\includegraphics{\idir bacula-logo.eps} \\ \bigskip + \Huge{Bacula Utility Programs} + \begin{center} + \large{It comes in the night and sucks + the essence from your computers. } + \end{center} +} + + +\author{Kern Sibbald} +\date{\vspace{1.0in}\today \\ + This manual documents Bacula version \input{version} \\ + \vspace{0.2in} + Copyright \copyright 1999-2010, Free Software Foundation Europe + e.V. \\ + \vspace{0.2in} + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the + GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". +} + +\maketitle + +\clearpage +\tableofcontents +\clearpage + +\include{progs} +\include{bimagemgr-chapter} +\include{rpm-faq} +\include{fdl} + + +% The following line tells link_resolver.pl to not include these files: +% nolinks developersi baculai-dir baculai-fd baculai-sd baculai-console baculai-main + +% pull in the index +\clearpage +\printindex[general] + +\end{document} diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-console.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-console.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-dir.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-dir.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-fd.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-fd.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-general.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-general.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-sd.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/utilityi-sd.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/version.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/version.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36878dd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/base/version.tex @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +5.1.2 (26 February 2010) diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/bimagemgr-chapter-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/bimagemgr-chapter-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ae67a7e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/bimagemgr-chapter-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +%% +%% +%% The following characters must be preceded by a backslash +%% to be entered as printable characters: +%% +%% # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } +%% + +\section{bimagemgr} +\label{bimagemgr} +\index[general]{Bimagemgr } + +{\bf bimagemgr} is a utility for those who backup to disk volumes in order to +commit them to CDR disk, rather than tapes. It is a web based interface +written in Perl and is used to monitor when a volume file needs to be burned to +disk. It requires: + +\begin{itemize} +\item A web server running on the bacula server +\item A CD recorder installed and configured on the bacula server +\item The cdrtools package installed on the bacula server. +\item perl, perl-DBI module, and either DBD-MySQL DBD-SQLite or DBD-PostgreSQL modules + \end{itemize} + +DVD burning is not supported by {\bf bimagemgr} at this +time, but both are planned for future releases. + +\subsection{bimagemgr installation} +\index[general]{bimagemgr!Installation } +\index[general]{bimagemgr Installation } + +Installation from tarball: +% TODO: use itemized list for this? +1. Examine the Makefile and adjust it to your configuration if needed. +2. Edit config.pm to fit your configuration. +3. Do 'make install' as root. +4. Edit httpd.conf and change the Timeout value. The web server must not time +out and close the connection before the burn process is finished. The exact +value needed may vary depending upon your cd recorder speed and whether you are +burning on the bacula server on on another machine across your network. In my +case I set it to 1000 seconds. Restart httpd. +5. Make sure that cdrecord is setuid root. +% TODO: I am pretty sure cdrecord can be used without setuid root +% TODO: as long as devices are setup correctly + +Installation from rpm package: +% TODO: use itemized list for this? +1. Install the rpm package for your platform. +2. Edit /cgi-bin/config.pm to fit your configuration. +3. Edit httpd.conf and change the Timeout value. The web server must not time +out and close the connection before the burn process is finished. The exact +value needed may vary depending upon your cd recorder speed and whether you are +burning on the bacula server on on another machine across your network. In my +case I set it to 1000 seconds. Restart httpd. +4. Make sure that cdrecord is setuid root. + +For bacula systems less than 1.36: +% TODO: use itemized list for this? +1. Edit the configuration section of config.pm to fit your configuration. +2. Run /etc/bacula/create\_cdimage\_table.pl from a console on your bacula +server (as root) to add the CDImage table to your bacula database. + +Accessing the Volume files: +The Volume files by default have permissions 640 and can only be read by root. +The recommended approach to this is as follows (and only works if bimagemgr and +apache are running on the same host as bacula. + +For bacula-1.34 or 1.36 installed from tarball - +% TODO: use itemized list for this? +1. Create a new user group bacula and add the user apache to the group for +Red Hat or Mandrake systems. For SuSE systems add the user wwwrun to the +bacula group. +2. Change ownership of all of your Volume files to root.bacula +3. Edit the /etc/bacula/bacula startup script and set SD\_USER=root and +SD\_GROUP=bacula. Restart bacula. + +Note: step 3 should also be done in /etc/init.d/bacula-sd but released versions +of this file prior to 1.36 do not support it. In that case it would be necessary after +a reboot of the server to execute '/etc/bacula/bacula restart'. + +For bacula-1.38 installed from tarball - +% TODO: use itemized list for this? +1. Your configure statement should include: +% TODO: fix formatting here + --with-dir-user=bacula + --with-dir-group=bacula + --with-sd-user=bacula + --with-sd-group=disk + --with-fd-user=root + --with-fd-group=bacula +2. Add the user apache to the bacula group for Red Hat or Mandrake systems. +For SuSE systems add the user wwwrun to the bacula group. +3. Check/change ownership of all of your Volume files to root.bacula + +For bacula-1.36 or bacula-1.38 installed from rpm - +% TODO: use itemized list for this? +1. Add the user apache to the group bacula for Red Hat or Mandrake systems. +For SuSE systems add the user wwwrun to the bacula group. +2. Check/change ownership of all of your Volume files to root.bacula + +bimagemgr installed from rpm > 1.38.9 will add the web server user to the +bacula group in a post install script. Be sure to edit the configuration +information in config.pm after installation of rpm package. + +bimagemgr will now be able to read the Volume files but they are still not +world readable. + +If you are running bimagemgr on another host (not recommended) then you will +need to change the permissions on all of your backup volume files to 644 in +order to access them via nfs share or other means. This approach should only +be taken if you are sure of the security of your environment as it exposes +the backup Volume files to world read. + +\subsection{bimagemgr usage} +\index[general]{bimagemgr!Usage } +\index[general]{bimagemgr Usage } + +Calling the program in your web browser, e.g. {\tt +http://localhost/cgi-bin/bimagemgr.pl} will produce a display as shown below +% TODO: use tex to say figure number +in Figure 1. The program will query the bacula database and display all volume +files with the date last written and the date last burned to disk. If a volume +needs to be burned (last written is newer than last burn date) a "Burn" +button will be displayed in the rightmost column. + +\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Bacula CD Image Manager} +\includegraphics{\idir bimagemgr1.eps} \\Figure 1 +% TODO: use tex to say figure number + +Place a blank CDR disk in your recorder and click the "Burn" button. This will +cause a pop up window as shown in Figure 2 to display the burn progress. +% TODO: use tex to say figure number + +\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Bacula CD Image Burn Progress Window} +\includegraphics{\idir bimagemgr2.eps} \\Figure 2 +% TODO: use tex to say figure number + +When the burn finishes the pop up window will display the results of cdrecord +% TODO: use tex to say figure number +as shown in Figure 3. Close the pop up window and refresh the main window. The +last burn date will be updated and the "Burn" button for that volume will +disappear. Should you have a failed burn you can reset the last burn date of +that volume by clicking its "Reset" link. + +\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Bacula CD Image Burn Results} +\includegraphics{\idir bimagemgr3.eps} \\Figure 3 +% TODO: use tex to say figure number + +In the bottom row of the main display window are two more buttons labeled +"Burn Catalog" and "Blank CDRW". "Burn Catalog" will place a copy of +your bacula catalog on a disk. If you use CDRW disks rather than CDR then +"Blank CDRW" allows you to erase the disk before re-burning it. Regularly +committing your backup volume files and your catalog to disk with {\bf +bimagemgr} ensures that you can rebuild easily in the event of some disaster +on the bacula server itself. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/fdl-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/fdl-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b46cd990 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/fdl-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,485 @@ +% TODO: maybe get rid of centering + +\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License} +\index[general]{GNU Free Documentation License} +\index[general]{License!GNU Free Documentation} + +\label{label_fdl} + + \begin{center} + + Version 1.2, November 2002 + + + Copyright \copyright 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + \bigskip + + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + + \bigskip + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. +\end{center} + + +\begin{center} +{\bf\large Preamble} +\end{center} + +The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other +functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to +assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, +with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. +Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way +to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible +for modifications made by others. + +This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative +works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 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TRANSLATION} +\end{center} + + +Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may +distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. +Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special +permission from their copyright holders, but you may include +translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the +original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a +translation of this License, and all the license notices in the +Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include +the original English version of this License and the original versions +of those notices and disclaimers. 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FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE} +\end{center} + + +The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions +of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new +versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may +differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See +http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. + +Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. +If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this +License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of +following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or +of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the +Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version +number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not +as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. + + +\begin{center} +{\Large\bf ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents} +% TODO: this is too long for table of contents +\end{center} + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and +license notices just after the title page: + +\bigskip +\begin{quote} + Copyright \copyright YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. + A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU + Free Documentation License". +\end{quote} +\bigskip + +If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, +replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + +\bigskip +\begin{quote} + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the + Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. +\end{quote} +\bigskip + +If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + +If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, +to permit their use in free software. + +%--------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/progs-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/progs-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d818bc3d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/progs-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1428 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Volume Utility Tools} +\label{_UtilityChapter} +\index[general]{Volume Utility Tools} +\index[general]{Tools!Volume Utility} + +This document describes the utility programs written to aid Bacula users and +developers in dealing with Volumes external to Bacula. + +\section{Specifying the Configuration File} +\index[general]{Specifying the Configuration File} + +Starting with version 1.27, each of the following programs requires a valid +Storage daemon configuration file (actually, the only part of the +configuration file that these programs need is the {\bf Device} resource +definitions). This permits the programs to find the configuration parameters +for your archive device (generally a tape drive). By default, they read {\bf +bacula-sd.conf} in the current directory, but you may specify a different +configuration file using the {\bf -c} option. + + +\section{Specifying a Device Name For a Tape} +\index[general]{Tape!Specifying a Device Name For a} +\index[general]{Specifying a Device Name For a Tape} + +Each of these programs require a {\bf device-name} where the Volume can be +found. In the case of a tape, this is the physical device name such as {\bf +/dev/nst0} or {\bf /dev/rmt/0ubn} depending on your system. For the program to +work, it must find the identical name in the Device resource of the +configuration file. See below for specifying Volume names. + +Please note that if you have Bacula running and you ant to use +one of these programs, you will either need to stop the Storage daemon, or +{\bf unmount} any tape drive you want to use, otherwise the drive +will {\bf busy} because Bacula is using it. + + +\section{Specifying a Device Name For a File} +\index[general]{File!Specifying a Device Name For a} +\index[general]{Specifying a Device Name For a File} + +If you are attempting to read or write an archive file rather than a tape, the +{\bf device-name} should be the full path to the archive location including +the filename. The filename (last part of the specification) will be stripped +and used as the Volume name, and the path (first part before the filename) +must have the same entry in the configuration file. So, the path is equivalent +to the archive device name, and the filename is equivalent to the volume name. + + +\section{Specifying Volumes} +\index[general]{Volumes!Specifying} +\index[general]{Specifying Volumes} + +In general, you must specify the Volume name to each of the programs below +(with the exception of {\bf btape}). The best method to do so is to specify a +{\bf bootstrap} file on the command line with the {\bf -b} option. As part of +the bootstrap file, you will then specify the Volume name or Volume names if +more than one volume is needed. For example, suppose you want to read tapes +{\bf tape1} and {\bf tape2}. First construct a {\bf bootstrap} file named say, +{\bf list.bsr} which contains: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Volume=test1|test2 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where each Volume is separated by a vertical bar. Then simply use: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -b list.bsr /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +In the case of Bacula Volumes that are on files, you may simply append volumes +as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls /tmp/test1\|test2 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where the backslash (\textbackslash{}) was necessary as a shell escape to +permit entering the vertical bar (|). + +And finally, if you feel that specifying a Volume name is a bit complicated +with a bootstrap file, you can use the {\bf -V} option (on all programs except +{\bf bcopy}) to specify one or more Volume names separated by the vertical bar +(|). For example, + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -V Vol001 /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +You may also specify an asterisk (*) to indicate that the program should +accept any volume. For example: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -V* /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{bls} +\label{bls} +\index[general]{bls} +\index[general]{program!bls} + +{\bf bls} can be used to do an {\bf ls} type listing of a {\bf Bacula} tape or +file. It is called: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: bls [options] + -b specify a bootstrap file + -c specify a config file + -d specify debug level + -e exclude list + -i include list + -j list jobs + -k list blocks + (no j or k option) list saved files + -L dump label + -p proceed inspite of errors + -v be verbose + -V specify Volume names (separated by |) + -? print this message +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +For example, to list the contents of a tape: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -V Volume-name /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Or to list the contents of a file: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls /tmp/Volume-name +or +./bls -V Volume-name /tmp +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Note that, in the case of a file, the Volume name becomes the filename, so in +the above example, you will replace the {\bf xxx} with the name of the volume +(file) you wrote. + +Normally if no options are specified, {\bf bls} will produce the equivalent +output to the {\bf ls -l} command for each file on the tape. Using other +options listed above, it is possible to display only the Job records, only the +tape blocks, etc. For example: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + +./bls /tmp/File002 +bls: butil.c:148 Using device: /tmp +drwxrwxr-x 3 k k 4096 02-10-19 21:08 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/ +drwxrwxr-x 2 k k 4096 02-10-10 18:59 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/ +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 54 02-07-06 18:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/Root +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 16 02-07-06 18:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/Repository +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 1783 02-10-10 18:59 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/CVS/Entries +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 97506 02-10-18 21:07 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/Makefile +-rw-r--r-- 1 k k 3513 02-10-18 21:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/Makefile.in +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 4669 02-07-06 18:02 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/README-config +-rw-r--r-- 1 k k 4391 02-09-14 16:51 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/authenticate.c +-rw-r--r-- 1 k k 3609 02-07-07 16:41 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/autoprune.c +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 4418 02-10-18 21:03 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/bacula-dir.conf +... +-rw-rw-r-- 1 k k 83 02-08-31 19:19 /home/kern/bacula/k/src/dird/.cvsignore +bls: Got EOF on device /tmp +84 files found. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\subsection{Listing Jobs} +\index[general]{Listing Jobs with bls} +\index[general]{bls!Listing Jobs} + +If you are listing a Volume to determine what Jobs to restore, normally the +{\bf -j} option provides you with most of what you will need as long as you +don't have multiple clients. For example, + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -j -V Test1 -c stored.conf DDS-4 +bls: butil.c:258 Using device: "DDS-4" for reading. +11-Jul 11:54 bls: Ready to read from volume "Test1" on device "DDS-4" (/dev/nst0). +Volume Record: File:blk=0:1 SessId=4 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=0 DataLen=165 +Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:2 SessId=4 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=1 Level=F Type=B +Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:3 SessId=5 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=5 Level=F Type=B +Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:6 SessId=3 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=2 Level=F Type=B +Begin Job Session Record: File:blk=0:13 SessId=2 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=4 Level=F Type=B +End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:99 SessId=3 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=2 Level=F Type=B + Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T +End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:101 SessId=2 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=4 Level=F Type=B + Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T +End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:108 SessId=5 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=5 Level=F Type=B + Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T +End Job Session Record: File:blk=0:109 SessId=4 SessTime=1121074625 JobId=1 Level=F Type=B + Files=168 Bytes=1,732,978 Errors=0 Status=T +11-Jul 11:54 bls: End of Volume at file 1 on device "DDS-4" (/dev/nst0), Volume "Test1" +11-Jul 11:54 bls: End of all volumes. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +shows a full save followed by two incremental saves. + +Adding the {\bf -v} option will display virtually all information that is +available for each record: + +\subsection{Listing Blocks} +\index[general]{Listing Blocks with bls} +\index[general]{bls!Listing Blocks} + +Normally, except for debugging purposes, you will not need to list Bacula +blocks (the "primitive" unit of Bacula data on the Volume). However, you can +do so with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -k /tmp/File002 +bls: butil.c:148 Using device: /tmp +Block: 1 size=64512 +Block: 2 size=64512 +... +Block: 65 size=64512 +Block: 66 size=19195 +bls: Got EOF on device /tmp +End of File on device +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +By adding the {\bf -v} option, you can get more information, which can be +useful in knowing what sessions were written to the volume: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -k -v /tmp/File002 +Volume Label: +Id : Bacula 0.9 mortal +VerNo : 10 +VolName : File002 +PrevVolName : +VolFile : 0 +LabelType : VOL_LABEL +LabelSize : 147 +PoolName : Default +MediaType : File +PoolType : Backup +HostName : +Date label written: 2002-10-19 at 21:16 +Block: 1 blen=64512 First rec FI=VOL_LABEL SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=0 rlen=147 +Block: 2 blen=64512 First rec FI=6 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=4087 +Block: 3 blen=64512 First rec FI=12 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=5902 +Block: 4 blen=64512 First rec FI=19 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=28382 +... +Block: 65 blen=64512 First rec FI=83 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=1873 +Block: 66 blen=19195 First rec FI=83 SessId=1 SessTim=1035062102 Strm=DATA rlen=2973 +bls: Got EOF on device /tmp +End of File on device +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Armed with the SessionId and the SessionTime, you can extract just about +anything. + +If you want to know even more, add a second {\bf -v} to the command line to +get a dump of every record in every block. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bls -k -v -v /tmp/File002 +bls: block.c:79 Dump block 80f8ad0: size=64512 BlkNum=1 + Hdrcksum=b1bdfd6d cksum=b1bdfd6d +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=VOL_LABEL Strm=0 len=147 p=80f8b40 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=SOS_LABEL Strm=-7 len=122 p=80f8be7 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=1 Strm=UATTR len=86 p=80f8c75 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=2 Strm=UATTR len=90 p=80f8cdf +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=3 Strm=UATTR len=92 p=80f8d4d +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=3 Strm=DATA len=54 p=80f8dbd +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=3 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=80f8e07 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=4 Strm=UATTR len=98 p=80f8e2b +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=4 Strm=DATA len=16 p=80f8ea1 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=4 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=80f8ec5 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=5 Strm=UATTR len=96 p=80f8ee9 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=5 Strm=DATA len=1783 p=80f8f5d +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=5 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=80f9668 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=UATTR len=95 p=80f968c +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=DATA len=32768 p=80f96ff +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=DATA len=32768 p=8101713 +bls: block.c:79 Dump block 80f8ad0: size=64512 BlkNum=2 + Hdrcksum=9acc1e7f cksum=9acc1e7f +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=contDATA len=4087 p=80f8b40 +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=DATA len=31970 p=80f9b4b +bls: block.c:92 Rec: VId=1 VT=1035062102 FI=6 Strm=MD5 len=16 p=8101841 +... +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{bextract} +\label{bextract} +\index[general]{Bextract} +\index[general]{program!bextract} + +If you find yourself using {\bf bextract}, you probably have done +something wrong. For example, if you are trying to recover a file +but are having problems, please see the \ilink {Restoring When Things Go +Wrong}{database_restore} section of the Restore chapter of this manual. + +Normally, you will restore files by running a {\bf Restore} Job from the {\bf +Console} program. However, {\bf bextract} can be used to extract a single file +or a list of files from a Bacula tape or file. In fact, {\bf bextract} can be +a useful tool to restore files to an empty system assuming you are able to +boot, you have statically linked {\bf bextract} and you have an appropriate +{\bf bootstrap} file. + +Please note that some of the current limitations of bextract are: + +\begin{enumerate} +\item It cannot restore access control lists (ACL) that have been + backed up along with the file data. +\item It cannot restore encrypted files. +\item The command line length is relatively limited, + which means that you cannot enter a huge number of volumes. If you need to + enter more volumes than the command line supports, please use a bootstrap + file (see below). +\end{enumerate} + + +It is called: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + +Usage: bextract [-d debug_level] + -b specify a bootstrap file + -dnn set debug level to nn + -e exclude list + -i include list + -p proceed inspite of I/O errors + -V specify Volume names (separated by |) + -? print this message +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +where {\bf device-name} is the Archive Device (raw device name or full +filename) of the device to be read, and {\bf directory-to-store-files} is a +path prefix to prepend to all the files restored. + +NOTE: On Windows systems, if you specify a prefix of say d:/tmp, any file that +would have been restored to {\bf c:/My Documents} will be restored to {\bf +d:/tmp/My Documents}. That is, the original drive specification will be +stripped. If no prefix is specified, the file will be restored to the original +drive. + +\subsection{Extracting with Include or Exclude Lists} +\index[general]{Lists!Extracting with Include or Exclude} +\index[general]{Extracting with Include or Exclude Lists} + +Using the {\bf -e} option, you can specify a file containing a list of files +to be excluded. Wildcards can be used in the exclusion list. This option will +normally be used in conjunction with the {\bf -i} option (see below). Both the +{\bf -e} and the {\bf -i} options may be specified at the same time as the +{\bf -b} option. The bootstrap filters will be applied first, then the include +list, then the exclude list. + +Likewise, and probably more importantly, with the {\bf -i} option, you can +specify a file that contains a list (one file per line) of files and +directories to include to be restored. The list must contain the full filename +with the path. If you specify a path name only, all files and subdirectories +of that path will be restored. If you specify a line containing only the +filename (e.g. {\bf my-file.txt}) it probably will not be extracted because +you have not specified the full path. + +For example, if the file {\bf include-list} contains: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +/home/kern/bacula +/usr/local/bin +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Then the command: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bextract -i include-list -V Volume /dev/nst0 /tmp +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +will restore from the Bacula archive {\bf /dev/nst0} all files and directories +in the backup from {\bf /home/kern/bacula} and from {\bf /usr/local/bin}. The +restored files will be placed in a file of the original name under the +directory {\bf /tmp} (i.e. /tmp/home/kern/bacula/... and +/tmp/usr/local/bin/...). + +\subsection{Extracting With a Bootstrap File} +\index[general]{File!Extracting With a Bootstrap} +\index[general]{Extracting With a Bootstrap File} + +The {\bf -b} option is used to specify a {\bf bootstrap} file containing the +information needed to restore precisely the files you want. Specifying a {\bf +bootstrap} file is optional but recommended because it gives you the most +control over which files will be restored. For more details on the {\bf +bootstrap} file, please see +\ilink{Restoring Files with the Bootstrap File}{BootstrapChapter} +chapter of this document. Note, you may also use a bootstrap file produced by +the {\bf restore} command. For example: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bextract -b bootstrap-file /dev/nst0 /tmp +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The bootstrap file allows detailed specification of what files you want +restored (extracted). You may specify a bootstrap file and include and/or +exclude files at the same time. The bootstrap conditions will first be +applied, and then each file record seen will be compared to the include and +exclude lists. + +\subsection{Extracting From Multiple Volumes} +\index[general]{Volumes!Extracting From Multiple} +\index[general]{Extracting From Multiple Volumes} + +If you wish to extract files that span several Volumes, you can specify the +Volume names in the bootstrap file or you may specify the Volume names on the +command line by separating them with a vertical bar. See the section above +under the {\bf bls} program entitled {\bf Listing Multiple Volumes} for more +information. The same techniques apply equally well to the {\bf bextract} +program or read the \ilink{Bootstrap}{BootstrapChapter} +chapter of this document. + +\section{bscan} +\label{bscan} +\index[general]{bscan} +\index[general]{program!bscan} + +If you find yourself using this program, you have probably done something +wrong. For example, the best way to recover a lost or damaged Bacula +database is to reload the database by using the bootstrap file that +was written when you saved it (default bacula-dir.conf file). + +The {\bf bscan} program can be used to re-create a database (catalog) +records from the backup information written to one or more Volumes. This +is normally needed only if one or more Volumes have been pruned or purged +from your catalog so that the records on the Volume are no longer in the +catalog, or for Volumes that you have archived. Note, if you scan in +Volumes that were previously purged, you will be able to do restores from +those Volumes. However, unless you modify the Job and File retention times +for the Jobs that were added by scanning, the next time you run any Job +with the same name, the records will be pruned again. Since it takes a +long time to scan Volumes this can be very frustrating. + +With some care, {\bf bscan} can also be used to synchronize your existing +catalog with a Volume. Although we have never seen a case of bscan +damaging a catalog, since bscan modifies your catalog, we recommend that +you do a simple ASCII backup of your database before running {\bf bscan} +just to be sure. See \ilink{Compacting Your Database}{CompactingMySQL} for +the details of making a copy of your database. + +{\bf bscan} can also be useful in a disaster recovery situation, after the +loss of a hard disk, if you do not have a valid {\bf bootstrap} file for +reloading your system, or if a Volume has been recycled but not overwritten, +you can use {\bf bscan} to re-create your database, which can then be used to +{\bf restore} your system or a file to its previous state. + +It is called: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + +Usage: bscan [options] + -b bootstrap specify a bootstrap file + -c specify configuration file + -d set debug level to nn + -m update media info in database + -n specify the database name (default bacula) + -u specify database user name (default bacula) + -P specify database password (default none) + -h specify database host (default NULL) + -p proceed inspite of I/O errors + -r list records + -s synchronize or store in database + -v verbose + -V specify Volume names (separated by |) + -w specify working directory (default from conf file) + -? print this message +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you are using MySQL or PostgreSQL, there is no need to supply a working +directory since in that case, bscan knows where the databases are. However, if +you have provided security on your database, you may need to supply either the +database name ({\bf -b} option), the user name ({\bf -u} option), and/or the +password ({\bf -p}) options. + +NOTE: before {\bf bscan} can work, it needs at least a bare bones valid +database. If your database exists but some records are missing because +they were pruned, then you are all set. If your database was lost or +destroyed, then you must first ensure that you have the SQL program running +(MySQL or PostgreSQL), then you must create the Bacula database (normally +named bacula), and you must create the Bacula tables using the scripts in +the {\bf cats} directory. This is explained in the +\ilink{Installation}{CreateDatabase} chapter of the manual. Finally, before +scanning into an empty database, you must start and stop the Director with +the appropriate bacula-dir.conf file so that it can create the Client and +Storage records which are not stored on the Volumes. Without these +records, scanning is unable to connect the Job records to the proper +client. + +Forgetting for the moment the extra complications of a full rebuild of +your catalog, let's suppose that you did a backup to Volumes "Vol001" +and "Vol002", then sometime later all records of one or both those +Volumes were pruned or purged from the +database. By using {\bf bscan} you can recreate the catalog entries for +those Volumes and then use the {\bf restore} command in the Console to restore +whatever you want. A command something like: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +bscan -c bacula-sd.conf -v -V Vol001\|Vol002 /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +will give you an idea of what is going to happen without changing +your catalog. Of course, you may need to change the path to the Storage +daemon's conf file, the Volume name, and your tape (or disk) device name. This +command must read the entire tape, so if it has a lot of data, it may take a +long time, and thus you might want to immediately use the command listed +below. Note, if you are writing to a disk file, replace the device name with +the path to the directory that contains the Volumes. This must correspond to +the Archive Device in the conf file. + +Then to actually write or store the records in the catalog, add the {\bf -s} +option as follows: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + bscan -s -m -c bacula-sd.conf -v -V Vol001\|Vol002 /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +When writing to the database, if bscan finds existing records, it will +generally either update them if something is wrong or leave them alone. Thus +if the Volumes you are scanning are all or partially in the catalog already, no +harm will be done to that existing data. Any missing data will simply be +added. + +If you have multiple tapes, you should scan them with: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + bscan -s -m -c bacula-sd.conf -v -V Vol001\|Vol002\|Vol003 /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Since there is a limit on the command line length (511 bytes) accepted +by {\bf bscan}, if you have too many Volumes, you will need to manually +create a bootstrap file. See the \ilink{Bootstrap}{BootstrapChapter} +chapter of this manual for more details, in particular the section +entitled \ilink{Bootstrap for bscan}{bscanBootstrap}. + +You should, always try to specify the tapes in the order they are written. +However, bscan can handle scanning tapes that are not sequential. Any +incomplete records at the end of the tape will simply be ignored in that +case. If you are simply repairing an existing catalog, this may be OK, but +if you are creating a new catalog from scratch, it will leave your database +in an incorrect state. If you do not specify all necessary Volumes on a +single bscan command, bscan will not be able to correctly restore the +records that span two volumes. In other words, it is much better to +specify two or three volumes on a single bscan command rather than run +bscan two or three times, each with a single volume. + + +Note, the restoration process using bscan is not identical to the original +creation of the catalog data. This is because certain data such as Client +records and other non-essential data such +as volume reads, volume mounts, etc is not stored on the Volume, and thus is +not restored by bscan. The results of bscanning are, however, perfectly valid, +and will permit restoration of any or all the files in the catalog using the +normal Bacula console commands. If you are starting with an empty catalog +and expecting bscan to reconstruct it, you may be a bit disappointed, but +at a minimum, you must ensure that your bacula-dir.conf file is the same +as what it previously was -- that is, it must contain all the appropriate +Client resources so that they will be recreated in your new database {\bf +before} running bscan. Normally when the Director starts, it will recreate +any missing Client records in the catalog. Another problem you will have +is that even if the Volumes (Media records) are recreated in the database, +they will not have their autochanger status and slots properly set. As a +result, you will need to repair that by using the {\bf update slots} +command. There may be other considerations as well. Rather than +bscanning, you should always attempt to recover you previous catalog +backup. + + +\subsection{Using bscan to Compare a Volume to an existing Catalog} +\index[general]{Catalog!Using bscan to Compare a Volume to an existing} +\index[general]{Using bscan to Compare a Volume to an existing Catalog} + +If you wish to compare the contents of a Volume to an existing catalog without +changing the catalog, you can safely do so if and only if you do {\bf not} +specify either the {\bf -m} or the {\bf -s} options. However, at this time +(Bacula version 1.26), the comparison routines are not as good or as thorough +as they should be, so we don't particularly recommend this mode other than for +testing. + +\subsection{Using bscan to Recreate a Catalog from a Volume} +\index[general]{Volume!Using bscan to Recreate a Catalog from a Volume} +\index[general]{Using bscan to Recreate a Catalog from a Volume} + +This is the mode for which {\bf bscan} is most useful. You can either {\bf +bscan} into a freshly created catalog, or directly into your existing catalog +(after having made an ASCII copy as described above). Normally, you should +start with a freshly created catalog that contains no data. + +Starting with a single Volume named {\bf TestVolume1}, you run a command such +as: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bscan -V TestVolume1 -v -s -m -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If there is more than one volume, simply append it to the first one separating +it with a vertical bar. You may need to precede the vertical bar with a +forward slash escape the shell -- e.g. {\bf +TestVolume1\textbackslash{}|TestVolume2}. The {\bf -v} option was added for +verbose output (this can be omitted if desired). The {\bf -s} option that +tells {\bf bscan} to store information in the database. The physical device +name {\bf /dev/nst0} is specified after all the options. + +{\bf} For example, after having done a full backup of a directory, then two +incrementals, I reinitialized the SQLite database as described above, and +using the bootstrap.bsr file noted above, I entered the following command: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./bscan -b bootstrap.bsr -v -s -c bacula-sd.conf /dev/nst0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +which produced the following output: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +bscan: bscan.c:182 Using Database: bacula, User: bacula +bscan: bscan.c:673 Created Pool record for Pool: Default +bscan: bscan.c:271 Pool type "Backup" is OK. +bscan: bscan.c:632 Created Media record for Volume: TestVolume1 +bscan: bscan.c:298 Media type "DDS-4" is OK. +bscan: bscan.c:307 VOL_LABEL: OK for Volume: TestVolume1 +bscan: bscan.c:693 Created Client record for Client: Rufus +bscan: bscan.c:769 Created new JobId=1 record for original JobId=2 +bscan: bscan.c:717 Created FileSet record "Kerns Files" +bscan: bscan.c:819 Updated Job termination record for new JobId=1 +bscan: bscan.c:905 Created JobMedia record JobId 1, MediaId 1 +bscan: Got EOF on device /dev/nst0 +bscan: bscan.c:693 Created Client record for Client: Rufus +bscan: bscan.c:769 Created new JobId=2 record for original JobId=3 +bscan: bscan.c:708 Fileset "Kerns Files" already exists. +bscan: bscan.c:819 Updated Job termination record for new JobId=2 +bscan: bscan.c:905 Created JobMedia record JobId 2, MediaId 1 +bscan: Got EOF on device /dev/nst0 +bscan: bscan.c:693 Created Client record for Client: Rufus +bscan: bscan.c:769 Created new JobId=3 record for original JobId=4 +bscan: bscan.c:708 Fileset "Kerns Files" already exists. +bscan: bscan.c:819 Updated Job termination record for new JobId=3 +bscan: bscan.c:905 Created JobMedia record JobId 3, MediaId 1 +bscan: Got EOF on device /dev/nst0 +bscan: bscan.c:652 Updated Media record at end of Volume: TestVolume1 +bscan: bscan.c:428 End of Volume. VolFiles=3 VolBlocks=57 VolBytes=10,027,437 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The key points to note are that {\bf bscan} prints a line when each major +record is created. Due to the volume of output, it does not print a line for +each file record unless you supply the {\bf -v} option twice or more on the +command line. + +In the case of a Job record, the new JobId will not normally be the same as +the original Jobid. For example, for the first JobId above, the new JobId is +1, but the original JobId is 2. This is nothing to be concerned about as it is +the normal nature of databases. {\bf bscan} will keep everything straight. + +Although {\bf bscan} claims that it created a Client record for Client: Rufus +three times, it was actually only created the first time. This is normal. + +You will also notice that it read an end of file after each Job (Got EOF on +device ...). Finally the last line gives the total statistics for the bscan. + +If you had added a second {\bf -v} option to the command line, Bacula would +have been even more verbose, dumping virtually all the details of each Job +record it encountered. + +Now if you start Bacula and enter a {\bf list jobs} command to the console +program, you will get: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} ++-------+----------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------+---------+ +| JobId | Name | StartTime | Type | Lvl | JobFiles | JobBytes | JobStat | ++-------+----------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------+---------+ +| 1 | kernsave | 2002-10-07 14:59 | B | F | 84 | 4180207 | T | +| 2 | kernsave | 2002-10-07 15:00 | B | I | 15 | 2170314 | T | +| 3 | kernsave | 2002-10-07 15:01 | B | I | 33 | 3662184 | T | ++-------+----------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------+---------+ +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +which corresponds virtually identically with what the database contained +before it was re-initialized and restored with bscan. All the Jobs and Files +found on the tape are restored including most of the Media record. The Volume +(Media) records restored will be marked as {\bf Full} so that they cannot be +rewritten without operator intervention. + +It should be noted that {\bf bscan} cannot restore a database to the exact +condition it was in previously because a lot of the less important information +contained in the database is not saved to the tape. Nevertheless, the +reconstruction is sufficiently complete, that you can run {\bf restore} +against it and get valid results. + +An interesting aspect of restoring a catalog backup using {\bf bscan} is +that the backup was made while Bacula was running and writing to a tape. At +the point the backup of the catalog is made, the tape Bacula is writing to +will have say 10 files on it, but after the catalog backup is made, there +will be 11 files on the tape Bacula is writing. This there is a difference +between what is contained in the backed up catalog and what is actually on +the tape. If after restoring a catalog, you attempt to write on the same +tape that was used to backup the catalog, Bacula will detect the difference +in the number of files registered in the catalog compared to what is on the +tape, and will mark the tape in error. + +There are two solutions to this problem. The first is possibly the simplest +and is to mark the volume as Used before doing any backups. The second is +to manually correct the number of files listed in the Media record of the +catalog. This procedure is documented elsewhere in the manual and involves +using the {\bf update volume} command in {\bf bconsole}. + +\subsection{Using bscan to Correct the Volume File Count} +\index[general]{Using bscan to Correct the Volume File Count} +\index[general]{Count!Using bscan to Correct the Volume File Count} + +If the Storage daemon crashes during a backup Job, the catalog will not be +properly updated for the Volume being used at the time of the crash. This +means that the Storage daemon will have written say 20 files on the tape, but +the catalog record for the Volume indicates only 19 files. + +Bacula refuses to write on a tape that contains a different number of files +from what is in the catalog. To correct this situation, you may run a {\bf +bscan} with the {\bf -m} option (but {\bf without} the {\bf -s} option) to +update only the final Media record for the Volumes read. + +\subsection{After bscan} +\index[general]{After bscan} +\index[general]{Bscan!After} + +If you use {\bf bscan} to enter the contents of the Volume into an existing +catalog, you should be aware that the records you entered may be immediately +pruned during the next job, particularly if the Volume is very old or had been +previously purged. To avoid this, after running {\bf bscan}, you can manually +set the volume status (VolStatus) to {\bf Read-Only} by using the {\bf update} +command in the catalog. This will allow you to restore from the volume without +having it immediately purged. When you have restored and backed up the data, +you can reset the VolStatus to {\bf Used} and the Volume will be purged from +the catalog. + +\section{bcopy} +\label{bcopy} +\index[general]{Bcopy} +\index[general]{program!bcopy} + +The {\bf bcopy} program can be used to copy one {\bf Bacula} archive file to +another. For example, you may copy a tape to a file, a file to a tape, a file +to a file, or a tape to a tape. For tape to tape, you will need two tape +drives. (a later version is planned that will buffer it to disk). In the +process of making the copy, no record of the information written to the new +Volume is stored in the catalog. This means that the new Volume, though it +contains valid backup data, cannot be accessed directly from existing catalog +entries. If you wish to be able to use the Volume with the Console restore +command, for example, you must first bscan the new Volume into the catalog. + +\subsection{bcopy Command Options} +\index[general]{Options!bcopy Command} +\index[general]{Bcopy Command Options} + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: bcopy [-d debug_level] + -b bootstrap specify a bootstrap file + -c specify configuration file + -dnn set debug level to nn + -i specify input Volume names (separated by |) + -o specify output Volume names (separated by |) + -p proceed inspite of I/O errors + -v verbose + -w dir specify working directory (default /tmp) + -? print this message +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +By using a {\bf bootstrap} file, you can copy parts of a Bacula archive file +to another archive. + +One of the objectives of this program is to be able to recover as much data as +possible from a damaged tape. However, the current version does not yet have +this feature. + +As this is a new program, any feedback on its use would be appreciated. In +addition, I only have a single tape drive, so I have never been able to test +this program with two tape drives. + +\section{btape} +\label{btape} +\index[general]{Btape} +\index[general]{program!btape} + +This program permits a number of elementary tape operations via a tty command +interface. It works only with tapes and not with other kinds of Bacula +storage media (DVD, File, ...). The {\bf test} command, described below, +can be very useful for testing older tape drive compatibility problems. +Aside from initial testing of tape drive compatibility with {\bf Bacula}, +{\bf btape} will be mostly used by developers writing new tape drivers. + +{\bf btape} can be dangerous to use with existing {\bf Bacula} tapes because +it will relabel a tape or write on the tape if so requested regardless that +the tape may contain valuable data, so please be careful and use it only on +blank tapes. + +To work properly, {\bf btape} needs to read the Storage daemon's configuration +file. As a default, it will look for {\bf bacula-sd.conf} in the current +directory. If your configuration file is elsewhere, please use the {\bf -c} +option to specify where. + +The physical device name must be specified on the command line, and this +same device name must be present in the Storage daemon's configuration file +read by {\bf btape} + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: btape + -b specify bootstrap file + -c set configuration file to file + -d set debug level to nn + -p proceed inspite of I/O errors + -s turn off signals + -v be verbose + -? print this message. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\subsection{Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive} +\index[general]{Using btape to Verify your Tape Drive} +\index[general]{Drive!Using btape to Verify your Tape} + +An important reason for this program is to ensure that a Storage daemon +configuration file is defined so that Bacula will correctly read and write +tapes. + +It is highly recommended that you run the {\bf test} command before running +your first Bacula job to ensure that the parameters you have defined for your +storage device (tape drive) will permit {\bf Bacula} to function properly. You +only need to mount a blank tape, enter the command, and the output should be +reasonably self explanatory. Please see the +\ilink{Tape Testing}{TapeTestingChapter} Chapter of this manual for +the details. + +\subsection{btape Commands} +\index[general]{Btape Commands} +\index[general]{Commands!btape} + +The full list of commands are: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Command Description + ======= =========== + autochanger test autochanger + bsf backspace file + bsr backspace record + cap list device capabilities + clear clear tape errors + eod go to end of Bacula data for append + eom go to the physical end of medium + fill fill tape, write onto second volume + unfill read filled tape + fsf forward space a file + fsr forward space a record + help print this command + label write a Bacula label to the tape + load load a tape + quit quit btape + rawfill use write() to fill tape + readlabel read and print the Bacula tape label + rectest test record handling functions + rewind rewind the tape + scan read() tape block by block to EOT and report + scanblocks Bacula read block by block to EOT and report + speed report drive speed + status print tape status + test General test Bacula tape functions + weof write an EOF on the tape + wr write a single Bacula block + rr read a single record + qfill quick fill command +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +The most useful commands are: + +\begin{itemize} +\item test -- test writing records and EOF marks and reading them back. +\item fill -- completely fill a volume with records, then write a few records + on a second volume, and finally, both volumes will be read back. + This command writes blocks containing random data, so your drive will + not be able to compress the data, and thus it is a good test of + the real physical capacity of your tapes. +\item readlabel -- read and dump the label on a Bacula tape. +\item cap -- list the device capabilities as defined in the configuration + file and as perceived by the Storage daemon. + \end{itemize} + +The {\bf readlabel} command can be used to display the details of a Bacula +tape label. This can be useful if the physical tape label was lost or damaged. + + +In the event that you want to relabel a {\bf Bacula}, you can simply use the +{\bf label} command which will write over any existing label. However, please +note for labeling tapes, we recommend that you use the {\bf label} command in +the {\bf Console} program since it will never overwrite a valid Bacula tape. + +\subsubsection*{Testing your Tape Drive} +\label{sec:btapespeed} + +To determine the best configuration of your tape drive, you can run the new +\texttt{speed} command available in the \texttt{btape} program. + +This command can have the following arguments: +\begin{itemize} +\item[\texttt{file\_size=n}] Specify the Maximum File Size for this test + (between 1 and 5GB). This counter is in GB. +\item[\texttt{nb\_file=n}] Specify the number of file to be written. The amount + of data should be greater than your memory ($file\_size*nb\_file$). +\item[\texttt{skip\_zero}] This flag permits to skip tests with constant + data. +\item[\texttt{skip\_random}] This flag permits to skip tests with random + data. +\item[\texttt{skip\_raw}] This flag permits to skip tests with raw access. +\item[\texttt{skip\_block}] This flag permits to skip tests with Bacula block + access. +\end{itemize} + +\begin{verbatim} +*speed file_size=3 skip_raw +btape.c:1078 Test with zero data and bacula block structure. +btape.c:956 Begin writing 3 files of 3.221 GB with blocks of 129024 bytes. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +btape.c:604 Wrote 1 EOF to "Drive-0" (/dev/nst0) +btape.c:406 Volume bytes=3.221 GB. Write rate = 44.128 MB/s +... +btape.c:383 Total Volume bytes=9.664 GB. Total Write rate = 43.531 MB/s + +btape.c:1090 Test with random data, should give the minimum throughput. +btape.c:956 Begin writing 3 files of 3.221 GB with blocks of 129024 bytes. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +btape.c:604 Wrote 1 EOF to "Drive-0" (/dev/nst0) +btape.c:406 Volume bytes=3.221 GB. Write rate = 7.271 MB/s ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +... +btape.c:383 Total Volume bytes=9.664 GB. Total Write rate = 7.365 MB/s + +\end{verbatim} + +When using compression, the random test will give your the minimum throughput +of your drive . The test using constant string will give you the maximum speed +of your hardware chain. (cpu, memory, scsi card, cable, drive, tape). + +You can change the block size in the Storage Daemon configuration file. + +\section{Other Programs} +\index[general]{Programs!Other} +\index[general]{Other Programs} + +The following programs are general utility programs and in general do not need +a configuration file nor a device name. + +\section{bsmtp} +\label{bsmtp} +\index[general]{Bsmtp} +\index[general]{program!bsmtp} + +{\bf bsmtp} is a simple mail transport program that permits more flexibility +than the standard mail programs typically found on Unix systems. It can even +be used on Windows machines. + +It is called: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: bsmtp [-f from] [-h mailhost] [-s subject] [-c copy] [recipient ...] + -c set the Cc: field + -dnn set debug level to nn + -f set the From: field + -h use mailhost:port as the bsmtp server + -l limit the lines accepted to nn + -s set the Subject: field + -? print this message. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If the {\bf -f} option is not specified, {\bf bsmtp} will use your userid. If +the option {\bf -h} is not specified {\bf bsmtp} will use the value in the environment +variable {\bf bsmtpSERVER} or if there is none {\bf localhost}. By default +port 25 is used. + +If a line count limit is set with the {\bf -l} option, {\bf bsmtp} will +not send an email with a body text exceeding that number of lines. This +is especially useful for large restore job reports where the list of +files restored might produce very long mails your mail-server would +refuse or crash. However, be aware that you will probably suppress the +job report and any error messages unless you check the log file written +by the Director (see the messages resource in this manual for details). + + +{\bf recipients} is a space separated list of email recipients. + +The body of the email message is read from standard input. + +An example of the use of {\bf bsmtp} would be to put the following statement +in the {\bf Messages} resource of your {\bf bacula-dir.conf} file. Note, these +commands should appear on a single line each. + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + mailcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -h mail.domain.com -f \"\(Bacula\) %r\" + -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r" + operatorcommand = "/home/bacula/bin/bsmtp -h mail.domain.com -f \"\(Bacula\) %r\" + -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r" +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Where you replace {\bf /home/bacula/bin} with the path to your {\bf Bacula} +binary directory, and you replace {\bf mail.domain.com} with the fully +qualified name of your bsmtp (email) server, which normally listens on port +25. For more details on the substitution characters (e.g. \%r) used in the +above line, please see the documentation of the +\ilink{ MailCommand in the Messages Resource}{mailcommand} +chapter of this manual. + +It is HIGHLY recommended that you test one or two cases by hand to make sure +that the {\bf mailhost} that you specified is correct and that it will accept +your email requests. Since {\bf bsmtp} always uses a TCP connection rather +than writing in the spool file, you may find that your {\bf from} address is +being rejected because it does not contain a valid domain, or because your +message is caught in your spam filtering rules. Generally, you should specify +a fully qualified domain name in the {\bf from} field, and depending on +whether your bsmtp gateway is Exim or Sendmail, you may need to modify the +syntax of the from part of the message. Please test. + +When running {\bf bsmtp} by hand, you will need to terminate the message by +entering a ctl-d in column 1 of the last line. +% TODO: is "column" the correct terminology for this? + +If you are getting incorrect dates (e.g. 1970) and you are +running with a non-English language setting, you might try adding +a LANG=''en\_US'' immediately before the bsmtp call. + +In general, {\bf bsmtp} attempts to cleanup email addresses that you +specify in the from, copy, mailhost, and recipient fields, by adding +the necessary \lt{} and \gt{} characters around the address part. However, +if you include a {\bf display-name} (see RFC 5332), some SMTP servers +such as Exchange may not accept the message if the {\bf display-name} is +also included in \lt{} and \gt{}. As mentioned above, you must test, and +if you run into this situation, you may manually add the \lt{} and \gt{} +to the Bacula {\bf mailcommand} or {\bf operatorcommand} and when +{\bf bsmtp} is formatting an address if it already contains a \lt{} or +\gt{} character, it will leave the address unchanged. + +\section{dbcheck} +\label{dbcheck} +\index[general]{Dbcheck} +\index[general]{program!dbcheck} +{\bf dbcheck} is a simple program that will search for logical +inconsistencies in the Bacula tables in your database, and optionally fix them. +It is a database maintenance routine, in the sense that it can +detect and remove unused rows, but it is not a database repair +routine. To repair a database, see the tools furnished by the +database vendor. Normally dbcheck should never need to be run, +but if Bacula has crashed or you have a lot of Clients, Pools, or +Jobs that you have removed, it could be useful. + +The {\bf dbcheck} program can be found in +the {\bf \lt{}bacula-source\gt{}/src/tools} directory of the source +distribution. Though it is built with the make process, it is not normally +"installed". + +It is called: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: dbcheck [-c config ] [-B] [-C catalog name] [-d debug_level] + [] [] + -b batch mode + -C catalog name in the director conf file + -c Director conf filename + -B print catalog configuration and exit + -d set debug level to + -dt print timestamp in debug output + -f fix inconsistencies + -v verbose + -? print this message +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If the \textbf{-B} option is specified, dbcheck will print out catalog +information in a simple text based format. This is useful to backup it in a +secure way. + +\begin{verbatim} + $ dbcheck -B + catalog=MyCatalog + db_type=SQLite + db_name=regress + db_driver= + db_user=regress + db_password= + db_address= + db_port=0 + db_socket= +\end{verbatim} %$ + +If the {\bf -c} option is given with the Director's conf file, there is no +need to enter any of the command line arguments, in particular the working +directory as dbcheck will read them from the file. + +If the {\bf -f} option is specified, {\bf dbcheck} will repair ({\bf fix}) the +inconsistencies it finds. Otherwise, it will report only. + +If the {\bf -b} option is specified, {\bf dbcheck} will run in batch mode, and +it will proceed to examine and fix (if -f is set) all programmed inconsistency +checks. If the {\bf -b} option is not specified, {\bf dbcheck} will enter +interactive mode and prompt with the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Hello, this is the database check/correct program. +Please select the function you want to perform. + 1) Toggle modify database flag + 2) Toggle verbose flag + 3) Repair bad Filename records + 4) Repair bad Path records + 5) Eliminate duplicate Filename records + 6) Eliminate duplicate Path records + 7) Eliminate orphaned Jobmedia records + 8) Eliminate orphaned File records + 9) Eliminate orphaned Path records + 10) Eliminate orphaned Filename records + 11) Eliminate orphaned FileSet records + 12) Eliminate orphaned Client records + 13) Eliminate orphaned Job records + 14) Eliminate all Admin records + 15) Eliminate all Restore records + 16) All (3-15) + 17) Quit +Select function number: +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +By entering 1 or 2, you can toggle the modify database flag (-f option) and +the verbose flag (-v). It can be helpful and reassuring to turn off the modify +database flag, then select one or more of the consistency checks (items 3 +through 9) to see what will be done, then toggle the modify flag on and re-run +the check. + +The inconsistencies examined are the following: + +\begin{itemize} +\item Duplicate filename records. This can happen if you accidentally run two + copies of Bacula at the same time, and they are both adding filenames + simultaneously. It is a rare occurrence, but will create an inconsistent + database. If this is the case, you will receive error messages during Jobs + warning of duplicate database records. If you are not getting these error + messages, there is no reason to run this check. +\item Repair bad Filename records. This checks and corrects filenames that + have a trailing slash. They should not. +\item Repair bad Path records. This checks and corrects path names that do + not have a trailing slash. They should. +\item Duplicate path records. This can happen if you accidentally run two + copies of Bacula at the same time, and they are both adding filenames + simultaneously. It is a rare occurrence, but will create an inconsistent + database. See the item above for why this occurs and how you know it is + happening. +\item Orphaned JobMedia records. This happens when a Job record is deleted + (perhaps by a user issued SQL statement), but the corresponding JobMedia + record (one for each Volume used in the Job) was not deleted. Normally, this + should not happen, and even if it does, these records generally do not take + much space in your database. However, by running this check, you can + eliminate any such orphans. +\item Orphaned File records. This happens when a Job record is deleted + (perhaps by a user issued SQL statement), but the corresponding File record + (one for each Volume used in the Job) was not deleted. Note, searching for + these records can be {\bf very} time consuming (i.e. it may take hours) for a + large database. Normally this should not happen as Bacula takes care to + prevent it. Just the same, this check can remove any orphaned File records. + It is recommended that you run this once a year since orphaned File records + can take a large amount of space in your database. You might + want to ensure that you have indexes on JobId, FilenameId, and + PathId for the File table in your catalog before running this + command. +\item Orphaned Path records. This condition happens any time a directory is + deleted from your system and all associated Job records have been purged. + During standard purging (or pruning) of Job records, Bacula does not check + for orphaned Path records. As a consequence, over a period of time, old + unused Path records will tend to accumulate and use space in your database. + This check will eliminate them. It is recommended that you run this + check at least once a year. +\item Orphaned Filename records. This condition happens any time a file is + deleted from your system and all associated Job records have been purged. + This can happen quite frequently as there are quite a large number of files + that are created and then deleted. In addition, if you do a system update or + delete an entire directory, there can be a very large number of Filename + records that remain in the catalog but are no longer used. + + During standard purging (or pruning) of Job records, Bacula does not check + for orphaned Filename records. As a consequence, over a period of time, old + unused Filename records will accumulate and use space in your database. This + check will eliminate them. It is strongly recommended that you run this check + at least once a year, and for large database (more than 200 Megabytes), it is + probably better to run this once every 6 months. +\item Orphaned Client records. These records can remain in the database long + after you have removed a client. +\item Orphaned Job records. If no client is defined for a job or you do not + run a job for a long time, you can accumulate old job records. This option + allow you to remove jobs that are not attached to any client (and thus + useless). +\item All Admin records. This command will remove all Admin records, + regardless of their age. +\item All Restore records. This command will remove all Restore records, + regardless of their age. +\end{itemize} + + +If you are using Mysql, dbcheck will ask you if you want to create temporary +indexes to speed up orphaned Path and Filename elimination. + +Mostly for PostgreSQL users, we provide a pure SQL script dbcheck replacement +in \url{examples/database/dbcheck.sql} that works with global queries instead +of many small queries like dbcheck. Execution instructions are at the top of +the script and you will need to type \texttt{COMMIT} at the end to validate +modifications. + +If you are using bweb or brestore, don't eliminate orphaned Path, else you will +have to rebuild \texttt{brestore\_pathvisibility} and +\texttt{brestore\_pathhierarchy} indexes. + +By the way, I personally run dbcheck only where I have messed up +my database due to a bug in developing Bacula code, so normally +you should never need to run dbcheck in spite of the +recommendations given above, which are given so that users don't +waste their time running dbcheck too often. + +\section{bregex} +\label{bregex} +\index[general]{bregex} +\index[general]{program!bregex} + +{\bf bregex} is a simple program that will allow you to test +regular expressions against a file of data. This can be useful +because the regex libraries on most systems differ, and in +addition, regex expressions can be complicated. + +{\bf bregex} is found in the src/tools directory and it is +normally installed with your system binaries. To run it, use: + +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: bregex [-d debug_level] -f + -f specify file of data to be matched + -l suppress line numbers + -n print lines that do not match + -? print this message. +\end{verbatim} + +The \lt{}data-file\gt{} is a filename that contains lines +of data to be matched (or not) against one or more patterns. +When the program is run, it will prompt you for a regular +expression pattern, then apply it one line at a time against +the data in the file. Each line that matches will be printed +preceded by its line number. You will then be prompted again +for another pattern. + +Enter an empty line for a pattern to terminate the program. You +can print only lines that do not match by using the -n option, +and you can suppress printing of line numbers with the -l option. + +This program can be useful for testing regex expressions to be +applied against a list of filenames. + +\section{bwild} +\label{bwild} +\index[general]{bwild} +\index[general]{program!bwild} + +{\bf bwild} is a simple program that will allow you to test +wild-card expressions against a file of data. + +{\bf bwild} is found in the src/tools directory and it is +normally installed with your system binaries. To run it, use: + +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: bwild [-d debug_level] -f + -f specify file of data to be matched + -l suppress line numbers + -n print lines that do not match + -? print this message. +\end{verbatim} + +The \lt{}data-file\gt{} is a filename that contains lines +of data to be matched (or not) against one or more patterns. +When the program is run, it will prompt you for a wild-card +pattern, then apply it one line at a time against +the data in the file. Each line that matches will be printed +preceded by its line number. You will then be prompted again +for another pattern. + +Enter an empty line for a pattern to terminate the program. You +can print only lines that do not match by using the -n option, +and you can suppress printing of line numbers with the -l option. + +This program can be useful for testing wild expressions to be +applied against a list of filenames. + +\section{testfind} +\label{testfind} +\index[general]{Testfind} +\index[general]{program!testfind} + +{\bf testfind} permits listing of files using the same search engine that is +used for the {\bf Include} resource in Job resources. Note, much of the +functionality of this program (listing of files to be included) is present in +the +\ilink{estimate command}{estimate} in the Console program. + +The original use of testfind was to ensure that Bacula's file search engine +was correct and to print some statistics on file name and path length. +However, you may find it useful to see what bacula would do with a given {\bf +Include} resource. The {\bf testfind} program can be found in the {\bf +\lt{}bacula-source\gt{}/src/tools} directory of the source distribution. +Though it is built with the make process, it is not normally "installed". + +It is called: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Usage: testfind [-d debug_level] [-] [pattern1 ...] + -a print extended attributes (Win32 debug) + -dnn set debug level to nn + - read pattern(s) from stdin + -? print this message. +Patterns are used for file inclusion -- normally directories. +Debug level>= 1 prints each file found. +Debug level>= 10 prints path/file for catalog. +Errors are always printed. +Files/paths truncated is a number with len> 255. +Truncation is only in the catalog. +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Where a pattern is any filename specification that is valid within an {\bf +Include} resource definition. If none is specified, {\bf /} (the root +directory) is assumed. For example: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +./testfind /bin +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Would print the following: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Dir: /bin +Reg: /bin/bash +Lnk: /bin/bash2 -> bash +Lnk: /bin/sh -> bash +Reg: /bin/cpio +Reg: /bin/ed +Lnk: /bin/red -> ed +Reg: /bin/chgrp +... +Reg: /bin/ipcalc +Reg: /bin/usleep +Reg: /bin/aumix-minimal +Reg: /bin/mt +Lnka: /bin/gawk-3.1.0 -> /bin/gawk +Reg: /bin/pgawk +Total files : 85 +Max file length: 13 +Max path length: 5 +Files truncated: 0 +Paths truncated: 0 +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Even though {\bf testfind} uses the same search engine as {\bf Bacula}, each +directory to be listed, must be entered as a separate command line entry or +entered one line at a time to standard input if the {\bf -} option was +specified. + +Specifying a debug level of one (i.e. {\bf -d1}) on the command line will +cause {\bf testfind} to print the raw filenames without showing the Bacula +internal file type, or the link (if any). Debug levels of 10 or greater cause +the filename and the path to be separated using the same algorithm that is +used when putting filenames into the Catalog database. diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/rpm-faq-en.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/rpm-faq-en.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36dbb88b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/rpm-faq-en.tex @@ -0,0 +1,405 @@ +%% +%% + +\chapter{Bacula RPM Packaging FAQ} +\label{RpmFaqChapter} +\index[general]{FAQ!Bacula\textsuperscript{\textregistered} - RPM Packaging } +\index[general]{Bacula\textsuperscript{\textregistered} - RPM Packaging FAQ } + +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \ilink{How do I build Bacula for platform xxx?}{faq1} +\item + \ilink{How do I control which database support gets built?}{faq2} + +\item + \ilink{What other defines are used?}{faq3} +\item + \ilink{I'm getting errors about not having permission when I try to build the + packages. Do I need to be root?}{faq4} +\item + \ilink{I'm building my own rpms but on all platforms and compiles I get an + unresolved dependency for something called + /usr/afsws/bin/pagsh.}{faq5} +\item + \ilink{I'm building my own rpms because you don't publish for my platform. + Can I get my packages released to sourceforge for other people to use?}{faq6} +\item + \ilink{Is there an easier way than sorting out all these command line options?}{faq7} +\item + \ilink{I just upgraded from 1.36.x to 1.38.x and now my director daemon won't start. It appears to start but dies silently and I get a "connection refused" error when starting the console. What is wrong?}{faq8} +\item + \ilink{There are a lot of rpm packages. Which packages do I need for what?}{faq9} +\item + \ilink{What happened to the build switches for gnome console, wxconsole and bat?}{faq10} +\end{enumerate} + +\section{Answers} +\index[general]{Answers } + +\begin{enumerate} +\item + \label{faq1} + {\bf How do I build Bacula for platform xxx?} + The bacula spec file contains defines to build for several platforms: \\ + \\ + Red Hat 7.x (rh7), Red Hat 8.0 (rh8), Red Hat 9 (rh9), \\ + Fedora Core (fc1, fc3, fc4, fc5, fc6, fc7, fc8, fc9, fc10), \\ + Whitebox Enterprise Linux 3.0 (wb3), \\ + Red Hat Enterprise Linux (rhel3, rhel4, rhel5), \\ + Mandrake 10.x (mdk), Mandriva 2006.x (mdv), \\ + CentOS (centos3, centos4, centos5) \\ + Scientific Linux (sl3, sl4, sl5) and \\ + SuSE (su9, su10, su102, su103, su110, su111, su112). \\ + \\ + The package build is controlled by a mandatory define set at the beginning of the file. These defines basically just control the dependency information that gets coded into the finished rpm package as well + as any special configure options required. The platform define may be edited + in the spec file directly (by default all defines are set to 0 or "not set"). + For example, to build the Red Hat 7.x package find the line in the spec file + which reads + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define rh7 0 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +and edit it to read + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define rh7 1 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Alternately you may pass the define on the command line when calling rpmbuild: + + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" bacula.spec + rpmbuild --rebuild --define build_rh7 1" bacula-x.x.x-x.src.rpm + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item + \label{faq2} + {\bf How do I control which database support gets built?} + Another mandatory build define controls which database support is compiled, + one of build\_sqlite, build\_mysql or build\_postgresql. To get the MySQL + package and support either set the + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define mysql 0 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +to + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %define mysql 1 + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +in the spec file directly or pass it to rpmbuild on the command line: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + rpmbuild -ba --define "build_rh7 1" --define "build_mysql 1" bacula.spec + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\item + \label{faq3} + {\bf What other defines are used?} \\ + One other building define of note is the depkgs\_version. This define is set with each release and must + match the version of the source that is being used to build the packages. + You would not ordinarily need to edit this. See also the Build Options section + below for other build time options that can be passed on the command line. +\item + \label{faq4} + {\bf I'm getting errors about not having permission when I try to build the + packages. Do I need to be root?} \\ + No, you do not need to be root and, in fact, it is better practice to + build rpm packages as a non-root user. Bacula packages are designed to + be built by a regular user but you must make a few changes on your + system to do this. If you are building on your own system then the + simplest method is to add write permissions for all to the build + directory (/usr/src/redhat/, /usr/src/RPM or /usr/src/packages). + To accomplish this, execute the following command as root: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + chmod -R 777 /usr/src/redhat + chmod -R 777 /usr/src/RPM + chmod -R 777 /usr/src/packages + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +If you are working on a shared system where you can not use the method +above then you need to recreate the appropriate above directory tree with all +of its subdirectories inside your home directory. Then create a file named + +{\tt .rpmmacros} + +in your home directory (or edit the file if it already exists) +and add the following line: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %_topdir /home/myuser/redhat + %_tmppath /tmp + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +It should be noted that Fedora from verion 10 and up is configured to build in +the directory ~/rpmbuild. + +Another handy directive for the .rpmmacros file if you wish to suppress the +creation of debug rpm packages is: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + %debug_package %{nil} + +\end{verbatim} + +\normalsize + +\item + \label{faq5} + {\bf I'm building my own rpms but on all platforms and compiles I get an + unresolved dependency for something called /usr/afsws/bin/pagsh.} \\ + This is a shell from the OpenAFS (Andrew File System). If you are + seeing this then you chose to include the docs/examples directory in + your package. One of the example scripts in this directory is a pagsh + script. Rpmbuild, when scanning for dependencies, looks at the shebang + line of all packaged scripts in addition to checking shared libraries. + To avoid this do not package the examples directory. If you are seeing + this problem you are building a very old bacula package as the examples + have been removed from the doc packaging. + +\item + \label{faq6} + {\bf I'm building my own rpms because you don't publish for my platform. + Can I get my packages released to sourceforge for other people to use?} + \\ + Yes, contributions from users are accepted and appreciated. Please + examine the directory platforms/contrib-rpm in the source code for + further information. + +\item + \label{faq7} + {\bf Is there an easier way than sorting out all these command line options?} + \\ + Yes, there is a gui wizard shell script which you can use to rebuild the + src rpm package. Look in the source archive for + platforms/contrib-rpm/rpm\_wizard.sh. This script will allow you to + specify build options using GNOME dialog screens. It requires zenity. + +\item + \label{faq8} + {\bf I just upgraded from 1.36.x to 1.38.x and now my director daemon +won't start. It appears to start but dies silently and I get a "connection +refused" error when starting the console. What is wrong?} \\ + Beginning with 1.38 the rpm packages are configured to run the director + and storage daemons as a non-root user. The file daemon runs as user + root and group bacula, the storage daemon as user bacula and group disk, + and the director as user bacula and group bacula. If you are upgrading + you will need to change some file permissions for things to work. + Execute the following commands as root: + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + chown bacula.bacula /var/bacula/* + chown root.bacula /var/bacula/bacula-fd.9102.state + chown bacula.disk /var/bacula/bacula-sd.9103.state + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +Further, if you are using File storage volumes rather than tapes those +files will also need to have ownership set to user bacula and group bacula. + +\item + \label{faq9} + {\bf There are a lot of rpm packages. Which packages do I need for +what?} \\ +For a bacula server you need to select the packsge based upon your +preferred catalog database: one of bacula-mysql, bacula-postgresql or +bacula-sqlite. If your system does not provide an mtx package you also +need bacula-mtx to satisfy that dependancy. For a client machine you need +only install bacula-client. Optionally, for either server or client +machines, you may install a graphical console bacula-gconsole and/or +bacula-wxconsole. The Bacula Administration Tool is installed with the +bacula-bat package. One last package, bacula-updatedb is required only when +upgrading a server more than one database revision level. + +\item + \label{faq10} +The gnome console and wxconsole software is deprecated in favor of bat. The +bat (bacula administrative tool) is now packaged in it's own source RPM. There +are no command line switches to build it. The SRPM contains the current version +of QT that bat is developed against. Building the RPM will build QT and then build +bat against it. It will not install QT on your system. The resulting bat binary +can then be installed on a system without QT or with a different version of QT as it +will not use the QT shared objects. + + +\item {\bf Support for RHEL3/4/5, CentOS 3/4/5, Scientific Linux 3/4/5 and x86\_64} + \\ + The examples below show + explicit build support for RHEL4 and CentOS 4. Build support + for x86\_64 has also been added. +\end{enumerate} + +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Build with one of these 3 commands: + +rpmbuild --rebuild \ + --define "build_rhel4 1" \ + --define "build_sqlite 1" \ + bacula-1.38.3-1.src.rpm + +rpmbuild --rebuild \ + --define "build_rhel4 1" \ + --define "build_postgresql 1" \ + bacula-1.38.3-1.src.rpm + +rpmbuild --rebuild \ + --define "build_rhel4 1" \ + --define "build_mysql4 1" \ + bacula-1.38.3-1.src.rpm + +For CentOS substitute '--define "build_centos4 1"' in place of rhel4. +For Scientific Linux substitute '--define "build_sl4 1"' in place of rhel4. + +For 64 bit support add '--define "build_x86_64 1"' +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{Build Options} +\index[general]{Build Options} +The spec file currently supports building on the following platforms: +\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} +Red Hat builds +--define "build_rh7 1" +--define "build_rh8 1" +--define "build_rh9 1" + +Fedora Core build +--define "build_fc1 1" +--define "build_fc3 1" +--define "build_fc4 1" +--define "build_fc5 1" +--define "build_fc6 1" +--define "build_fc7 1" +--define "build_fc8 1" +--define "build_fc9 1" +--define "build_fc10 1" + +Whitebox Enterprise build +--define "build_wb3 1" + +Red Hat Enterprise builds +--define "build_rhel3 1" +--define "build_rhel4 1" +--define "build_rhel5 1" + +CentOS build +--define "build_centos3 1" +--define "build_centos4 1" +--define "build_centos5 1" + +Scientific Linux build +--define "build_sl3 1" +--define "build_sl4 1" +--define "build_sl5 1" + +SuSE build +--define "build_su9 1" +--define "build_su10 1" +--define "build_su102 1" +--define "build_su103 1" +--define "build_su110 1" +--define "build_su111 1" +--define "build_su112 1" + +Mandrake 10.x build +--define "build_mdk 1" + +Mandriva build +--define "build_mdv 1" + +MySQL support: +--define "build_mysql 1" + +PostgreSQL support: +--define "build_postgresql 1" + +Sqlite support: +--define "build_sqlite 1" + +Build the client rpm only in place of one of the above database full builds: +--define "build_client_only 1" + +X86-64 support: +--define "build_x86_64 1" + +Build python scripting support: +--define "build_python 1" + +Build tcpwrappers support: +--define "build_tcpwrappers 1" + +Modify the Packager tag for third party packages: +--define "contrib_packager Your Name " + +Install most files to /opt/bacula directory: +--define "single_dir_install 1" + +\end{verbatim} +\normalsize + +\section{RPM Install Problems} +\index[general]{RPM Install Problems} +In general the RPMs, once properly built should install correctly. +However, when attempting to run the daemons, a number of problems +can occur: +\begin{itemize} +\item Wrong /var/bacula Permissions \\ + By default, the Director and Storage daemon do not run with + root permission. If the /var/bacula is owned by root, then it + is possible that the Director and the Storage daemon will not + be able to access this directory, which is used as the Working + Directory. To fix this, the easiest thing to do is: +\begin{verbatim} + chown bacula:bacula /var/bacula +\end{verbatim} + Note: as of 1.38.8 /var/bacula is installed root:bacula with + permissions 770. +\item The Storage daemon cannot Access the Tape drive \\ + This can happen in some older RPM releases where the Storage + daemon ran under userid bacula, group bacula. There are two + ways of fixing this: the best is to modify the /etc/init.d/bacula-sd + file so that it starts the Storage daemon with group "disk". + The second way to fix the problem is to change the permissions + of your tape drive (usually /dev/nst0) so that Bacula can access it. + You will probably need to change the permissions of the SCSI control + device as well, which is usually /dev/sg0. The exact names depend + on your configuration, please see the Tape Testing chapter for + more information on devices. +\end{itemize} + diff --git a/docs/manuals/es/utility/utility.tex b/docs/manuals/es/utility/utility.tex index 0502574e..c6fd0226 100644 --- a/docs/manuals/es/utility/utility.tex +++ b/docs/manuals/es/utility/utility.tex @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ \date{\vspace{1.0in}\today \\ This manual documents Bacula version \input{version} \\ \vspace{0.2in} - Copyright \copyright 1999-2009, Free Software Foundation Europe + Copyright \copyright 1999-2010, Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. \\ \vspace{0.2in} Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the -- 2.39.2