]> git.sur5r.net Git - freertos/blobdiff - FreeRTOS-Plus/Source/FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP/FreeRTOS_DNS.c
Update version number in readiness for V10.3.0 release. Sync SVN with reviewed releas...
[freertos] / FreeRTOS-Plus / Source / FreeRTOS-Plus-TCP / FreeRTOS_DNS.c
index 43b246d26dd9be2d5aba76625fa103621dbed623..d4f167af113ae3709bd1775b2fb22dd6508474a8 100644 (file)
-/*\r
- * FreeRTOS+TCP V2.2.0\r
- * Copyright (C) 2017 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.\r
- *\r
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of\r
- * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in\r
- * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to\r
- * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of\r
- * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,\r
- * subject to the following conditions:\r
- *\r
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all\r
- * copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r
- *\r
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\r
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS\r
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR\r
- * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER\r
- * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN\r
- * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.\r
- *\r
- * http://aws.amazon.com/freertos\r
- * http://www.FreeRTOS.org\r
- */\r
-\r
-/* Standard includes. */\r
-#include <stdint.h>\r
-\r
-/* FreeRTOS includes. */\r
-#include "FreeRTOS.h"\r
-#include "task.h"\r
-#include "queue.h"\r
-#include "list.h"\r
-#include "semphr.h"\r
-\r
-/* FreeRTOS+TCP includes. */\r
-#include "FreeRTOS_IP.h"\r
-#include "FreeRTOS_Sockets.h"\r
-#include "FreeRTOS_IP_Private.h"\r
-#include "FreeRTOS_UDP_IP.h"\r
-#include "FreeRTOS_DNS.h"\r
-#include "NetworkBufferManagement.h"\r
-#include "NetworkInterface.h"\r
-#include "IPTraceMacroDefaults.h"\r
-\r
-/* Exclude the entire file if DNS is not enabled. */\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS != 0 )\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigBYTE_ORDER == pdFREERTOS_LITTLE_ENDIAN )\r
-       #define dnsDNS_PORT                             0x3500u\r
-       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                 0x0100u\r
-       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS               0x0001u     /* Standard query. */\r
-       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                0x0f80u     /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */\r
-       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS    0x0080u     /* Should be a response, without any errors. */\r
-#else\r
-       #define dnsDNS_PORT                             0x0035u\r
-       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                 0x0001u\r
-       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS               0x0100u     /* Standard query. */\r
-       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                0x800fu     /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */\r
-       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS    0x8000u     /* Should be a response, without any errors. */\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigBYTE_ORDER */\r
-\r
-/* The maximum number of times a DNS request should be sent out if a response\r
-is not received, before giving up. */\r
-#ifndef ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS\r
-       #define ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS    5\r
-#endif\r
-\r
-/* If the top two bits in the first character of a name field are set then the\r
-name field is an offset to the string, rather than the string itself. */\r
-#define dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET                                       ( ( uint8_t ) 0xc0 )\r
-\r
-/* NBNS flags. */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE                          0x8000u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK                       0x7800u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY                      0x0000u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_REGISTRATION       0x2800u\r
-\r
-/* Host types. */\r
-#define dnsTYPE_A_HOST                                          0x01u\r
-#define dnsCLASS_IN                                                     0x01u\r
-\r
-/* LLMNR constants. */\r
-#define dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE                                      300000uL\r
-#define dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE                       0x8000u\r
-\r
-/* NBNS constants. */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE                                       3600uL /* 1 hour valid */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_TYPE_NET_BIOS                           0x0020u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN                                        0x01u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS                                      0x6000u\r
-#define dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH                     32\r
-\r
-/* If the queried NBNS name matches with the device's name,\r
-the query will be responded to with these flags: */\r
-#define dnsNBNS_QUERY_RESPONSE_FLAGS            ( 0x8500u )\r
-\r
-/* Flag DNS parsing errors in situations where an IPv4 address is the return\r
-type. */\r
-#define dnsPARSE_ERROR                                          0uL\r
-\r
-/*\r
- * Create a socket and bind it to the standard DNS port number.  Return the\r
- * the created socket - or NULL if the socket could not be created or bound.\r
- */\r
-static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void );\r
-\r
-/*\r
- * Create the DNS message in the zero copy buffer passed in the first parameter.\r
- */\r
-static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                                                  const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                  TickType_t uxIdentifier );\r
-\r
-/*\r
- * Simple routine that jumps over the NAME field of a resource record.\r
- */\r
-static uint8_t * prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
-                                                                  size_t uxSourceLen );\r
-\r
-/*\r
- * Process a response packet from a DNS server.\r
- * The parameter 'xExpected' indicates whether the identifier in the reply\r
- * was expected, and thus if the DNS cache may be updated with the reply.\r
- */\r
-static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                                                 size_t uxBufferLength,\r
-                                                                 BaseType_t xExpected );\r
-\r
-/*\r
- * Prepare and send a message to a DNS server.  'uxReadTimeOut_ticks' will be passed as\r
- * zero, in case the user has supplied a call-back function.\r
- */\r
-static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                 TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
-                                                                 TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks );\r
-\r
-/*\r
- * The NBNS and the LLMNR protocol share this reply function.\r
- */\r
-#if( ( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 ) || ( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 ) )\r
-       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer,\r
-                                                                       BaseType_t lNetLength );\r
-#endif\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
-       static portINLINE void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                                                                size_t uxBufferLength,\r
-                                                                                uint32_t ulIPAddress );\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
-\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-       static uint8_t * prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
-                                                                          size_t uxSourceLen,\r
-                                                                          char *pcName,\r
-                                                                          size_t uxLen );\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName,\r
-                                                                       uint32_t *pulIP,\r
-                                                                       uint32_t ulTTL,\r
-                                                                       BaseType_t xLookUp );\r
-\r
-       typedef struct xDNS_CACHE_TABLE_ROW\r
-       {\r
-               uint32_t ulIPAddress;                         /* The IP address of an ARP cache entry. */\r
-               char pcName[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH ]; /* The name of the host */\r
-               uint32_t ulTTL;                               /* Time-to-Live (in seconds) from the DNS server. */\r
-               uint32_t ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds;\r
-       } DNSCacheRow_t;\r
-\r
-       static DNSCacheRow_t xDNSCache[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES ];\r
-\r
-       void FreeRTOS_dnsclear()\r
-       {\r
-               memset( xDNSCache, 0x0, sizeof( xDNSCache ) );\r
-       }\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-       const MACAddress_t xLLMNR_MacAdress = { { 0x01, 0x00, 0x5e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc } };\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
-\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
-struct xDNSMessage\r
-{\r
-       uint16_t usIdentifier;\r
-       uint16_t usFlags;\r
-       uint16_t usQuestions;\r
-       uint16_t usAnswers;\r
-       uint16_t usAuthorityRRs;\r
-       uint16_t usAdditionalRRs;\r
-}\r
-#include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
-typedef struct xDNSMessage DNSMessage_t;\r
-\r
-/* A DNS query consists of a header, as described in 'struct xDNSMessage'\r
-It is followed by 1 or more queries, each one consisting of a name and a tail,\r
-with two fields: type and class\r
-*/\r
-#include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
-struct xDNSTail\r
-{\r
-       uint16_t usType;\r
-       uint16_t usClass;\r
-}\r
-#include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
-typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;\r
-\r
-/* DNS answer record header. */\r
-#include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
-struct xDNSAnswerRecord\r
-{\r
-       uint16_t usType;\r
-       uint16_t usClass;\r
-       uint32_t ulTTL;\r
-       uint16_t usDataLength;\r
-}\r
-#include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
-typedef struct xDNSAnswerRecord DNSAnswerRecord_t;\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-\r
-       #include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
-       struct xLLMNRAnswer\r
-       {\r
-               uint8_t ucNameCode;\r
-               uint8_t ucNameOffset;   /* The name is not repeated in the answer, only the offset is given with "0xc0 <offs>" */\r
-               uint16_t usType;\r
-               uint16_t usClass;\r
-               uint32_t ulTTL;\r
-               uint16_t usDataLength;\r
-               uint32_t ulIPAddress;\r
-       }\r
-       #include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
-       typedef struct xLLMNRAnswer LLMNRAnswer_t;\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
-\r
-       #include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
-       struct xNBNSRequest\r
-       {\r
-               uint16_t usRequestId;\r
-               uint16_t usFlags;\r
-               uint16_t ulRequestCount;\r
-               uint16_t usAnswerRSS;\r
-               uint16_t usAuthRSS;\r
-               uint16_t usAdditionalRSS;\r
-               uint8_t ucNameSpace;\r
-               uint8_t ucName[ dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH ];\r
-               uint8_t ucNameZero;\r
-               uint16_t usType;\r
-               uint16_t usClass;\r
-       }\r
-       #include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
-       typedef struct xNBNSRequest NBNSRequest_t;\r
-\r
-       #include "pack_struct_start.h"\r
-       struct xNBNSAnswer\r
-       {\r
-               uint16_t usType;\r
-               uint16_t usClass;\r
-               uint32_t ulTTL;\r
-               uint16_t usDataLength;\r
-               uint16_t usNbFlags;     /* NetBIOS flags 0x6000 : IP-address, big-endian */\r
-               uint32_t ulIPAddress;\r
-       }\r
-       #include "pack_struct_end.h"\r
-       typedef struct xNBNSAnswer NBNSAnswer_t;\r
-\r
-       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 */\r
-\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-       uint32_t FreeRTOS_dnslookup( const char *pcHostName )\r
-       {\r
-       uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
-\r
-               prvProcessDNSCache( pcHostName, &ulIPAddress, 0, pdTRUE );\r
-               return ulIPAddress;\r
-       }\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-\r
-       typedef struct xDNS_Callback\r
-       {\r
-               TickType_t uxRemaningTime;              /* Timeout in ms */\r
-               FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction;  /* Function to be called when the address has been found or when a timeout has beeen reached */\r
-               TimeOut_t uxTimeoutState;\r
-               void *pvSearchID;\r
-               struct xLIST_ITEM xListItem;\r
-               char pcName[ 1 ];\r
-       } DNSCallback_t;\r
-\r
-       static List_t xCallbackList;\r
-\r
-       /* Define FreeRTOS_gethostbyname() as a normal blocking call. */\r
-       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )\r
-       {\r
-               return FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( pcHostName, ( FOnDNSEvent ) NULL, ( void * ) NULL, 0 );\r
-       }\r
-       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-       /* Initialise the list of call-back structures. */\r
-       void vDNSInitialise( void );\r
-       void vDNSInitialise( void )\r
-       {\r
-               vListInitialise( &xCallbackList );\r
-       }\r
-       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-       /* Iterate through the list of call-back structures and remove\r
-       old entries which have reached a timeout.\r
-       As soon as the list hase become empty, the DNS timer will be stopped\r
-       In case pvSearchID is supplied, the user wants to cancel a DNS request\r
-       */\r
-       void vDNSCheckCallBack( void *pvSearchID );\r
-       void vDNSCheckCallBack( void *pvSearchID )\r
-       {\r
-       const ListItem_t *pxIterator;\r
-       const MiniListItem_t * xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t * ) listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );\r
-\r
-               vTaskSuspendAll();\r
-               {\r
-                       for( pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( xEnd );\r
-                                pxIterator != ( const ListItem_t * ) xEnd;\r
-                                )\r
-                       {\r
-                       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );\r
-\r
-                               /* Move to the next item because we might remove this item */\r
-                               pxIterator = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator );\r
-\r
-                               if( ( pvSearchID != NULL ) && ( pvSearchID == pxCallback->pvSearchID ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
-                                       vPortFree( pxCallback );\r
-                               }\r
-                               else if( xTaskCheckForTimeOut( &pxCallback->uxTimeoutState, &pxCallback->uxRemaningTime ) != pdFALSE )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pxCallback->pCallbackFunction( pxCallback->pcName, pxCallback->pvSearchID, 0 );\r
-                                       uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
-                                       vPortFree( ( void * ) pxCallback );\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-               xTaskResumeAll();\r
-\r
-               if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       vIPSetDnsTimerEnableState( pdFALSE );\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-       void FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_cancel( void *pvSearchID )\r
-       {\r
-               /* _HT_ Should better become a new API call to have the IP-task remove the callback */\r
-               vDNSCheckCallBack( pvSearchID );\r
-       }\r
-       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-       /* FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() was called along with callback parameters.\r
-       Store them in a list for later reference. */\r
-       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                void *pvSearchID,\r
-                                                                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction,\r
-                                                                TickType_t uxTimeout,\r
-                                                                TickType_t uxIdentifier );\r
-       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                void *pvSearchID,\r
-                                                                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction,\r
-                                                                TickType_t uxTimeout,\r
-                                                                TickType_t uxIdentifier )\r
-       {\r
-       size_t lLength = strlen( pcHostName );\r
-       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) pvPortMalloc( sizeof( *pxCallback ) + lLength );\r
-\r
-               /* Translate from ms to number of clock ticks. */\r
-               uxTimeout /= portTICK_PERIOD_MS;\r
-\r
-               if( pxCallback != NULL )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* This is the first one, start the DNS timer to check for timeouts */\r
-                               vIPReloadDNSTimer( FreeRTOS_min_uint32( 1000U, uxTimeout ) );\r
-                       }\r
-\r
-                       strcpy( pxCallback->pcName, pcHostName );\r
-                       pxCallback->pCallbackFunction = pCallbackFunction;\r
-                       pxCallback->pvSearchID = pvSearchID;\r
-                       pxCallback->uxRemaningTime = uxTimeout;\r
-                       vTaskSetTimeOutState( &pxCallback->uxTimeoutState );\r
-                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), ( void * ) pxCallback );\r
-                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), uxIdentifier );\r
-                       vTaskSuspendAll();\r
-                       {\r
-                               vListInsertEnd( &xCallbackList, &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
-                       }\r
-                       xTaskResumeAll();\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-       /* A DNS reply was received, see if there is any matching entry and\r
-       call the handler.  Returns pdTRUE if uxIdentifier was recognised. */\r
-       static BaseType_t xDNSDoCallback( TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
-                                                                         const char *pcName,\r
-                                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress );\r
-       static BaseType_t xDNSDoCallback( TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
-                                                                         const char *pcName,\r
-                                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress )\r
-       {\r
-       BaseType_t xResult = pdFALSE;\r
-       const ListItem_t *pxIterator;\r
-       const MiniListItem_t * xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t * ) listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );\r
-\r
-               vTaskSuspendAll();\r
-               {\r
-                       for( pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( xEnd );\r
-                                pxIterator != ( const ListItem_t * ) xEnd;\r
-                                pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* The cast will take away the 'configLIST_VOLATILE' */\r
-                               if( uxIdentifier == ( TickType_t ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( pxIterator ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                               DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );\r
-\r
-                                       pxCallback->pCallbackFunction( pcName, pxCallback->pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );\r
-                                       uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );\r
-                                       vPortFree( pxCallback );\r
-\r
-                                       if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* The list of outstanding requests is empty. No need for periodic polling. */\r
-                                               vIPSetDnsTimerEnableState( pdFALSE );\r
-                                       }\r
-\r
-                                       xResult = pdTRUE;\r
-                                       break;\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-               xTaskResumeAll();\r
-               return xResult;\r
-       }\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 */\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 )\r
-       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )\r
-#else\r
-       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                          FOnDNSEvent pCallback,\r
-                                                                          void *pvSearchID,\r
-                                                                          TickType_t uxTimeout )\r
-#endif\r
-{\r
-uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
-TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks = ipconfigDNS_RECEIVE_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS;\r
-TickType_t uxIdentifier = 0u;\r
-BaseType_t xHasRandom = pdFALSE;\r
-\r
-       if( pcHostName != NULL )\r
-       {\r
-               /* If the supplied hostname is IP address, convert it to uint32_t\r
-               and return. */\r
-               #if( ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 )\r
-               {\r
-                       ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_inet_addr( pcHostName );\r
-               }\r
-               #endif /* ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 */\r
-\r
-               /* If a DNS cache is used then check the cache before issuing another DNS\r
-               request. */\r
-               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )\r
-                       {\r
-                               ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_dnslookup( pcHostName );\r
-\r
-                               if( ulIPAddress != 0 )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       FreeRTOS_debug_printf( ( "FreeRTOS_gethostbyname: found '%s' in cache: %lxip\n", pcHostName, ulIPAddress ) );\r
-                               }\r
-                               else\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* prvGetHostByName will be called to start a DNS lookup. */\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */\r
-\r
-               /* Generate a unique identifier. */\r
-               if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )\r
-               {\r
-               uint32_t ulNumber;\r
-\r
-                       xHasRandom = xApplicationGetRandomNumber( &( ulNumber ) );\r
-                       /* DNS identifiers are 16-bit. */\r
-                       uxIdentifier = ( TickType_t ) ( ulNumber & 0xffffu );\r
-                       /* ipconfigRAND32() may not return a non-zero value. */\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( pCallback != NULL )\r
-                       {\r
-                               if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* The user has provided a callback function, so do not block on recvfrom() */\r
-                                       if( xHasRandom != pdFALSE )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               uxReadTimeOut_ticks = 0u;\r
-                                               vDNSSetCallBack( pcHostName, pvSearchID, pCallback, uxTimeout, uxIdentifier );\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                               else\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* The IP address is known, do the call-back now. */\r
-                                       pCallback( pcHostName, pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-               #endif /* if ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 ) */\r
-\r
-               if( ( ulIPAddress == 0uL ) && ( xHasRandom != pdFALSE ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       ulIPAddress = prvGetHostByName( pcHostName, uxIdentifier, uxReadTimeOut_ticks );\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-       return ulIPAddress;\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                 TickType_t uxIdentifier,\r
-                                                                 TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks )\r
-{\r
-struct freertos_sockaddr xAddress;\r
-Socket_t xDNSSocket;\r
-uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
-uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-uint32_t ulAddressLength = sizeof( struct freertos_sockaddr );\r
-BaseType_t xAttempt;\r
-int32_t lBytes;\r
-size_t uxPayloadLength, uxExpectedPayloadLength;\r
-TickType_t uxWriteTimeOut_ticks = ipconfigDNS_SEND_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS;\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-       BaseType_t bHasDot = pdFALSE;\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
-\r
-       /* If LLMNR is being used then determine if the host name includes a '.' -\r
-       if not then LLMNR can be used as the lookup method. */\r
-       #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-       {\r
-       const char *pucPtr;\r
-\r
-               for( pucPtr = pcHostName; *pucPtr; pucPtr++ )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( *pucPtr == '.' )\r
-                       {\r
-                               bHasDot = pdTRUE;\r
-                               break;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
-\r
-       /* Two is added at the end for the count of characters in the first\r
-       subdomain part and the string end byte. */\r
-       uxExpectedPayloadLength = sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) + strlen( pcHostName ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + 2u;\r
-\r
-       xDNSSocket = prvCreateDNSSocket();\r
-\r
-       if( xDNSSocket != NULL )\r
-       {\r
-               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_SNDTIMEO, ( void * ) &uxWriteTimeOut_ticks, sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
-               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_RCVTIMEO, ( void * ) &uxReadTimeOut_ticks,  sizeof( TickType_t ) );\r
-\r
-               for( xAttempt = 0; xAttempt < ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS; xAttempt++ )\r
-               {\r
-                       /* Get a buffer.  This uses a maximum delay, but the delay will be\r
-                       capped to ipconfigUDP_MAX_SEND_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS so the return value\r
-                       still needs to be tested. */\r
-                       pucUDPPayloadBuffer = ( uint8_t * ) FreeRTOS_GetUDPPayloadBuffer( uxExpectedPayloadLength, portMAX_DELAY );\r
-\r
-                       if( pucUDPPayloadBuffer != NULL )\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* Create the message in the obtained buffer. */\r
-                               uxPayloadLength = prvCreateDNSMessage( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, pcHostName, uxIdentifier );\r
-\r
-                               iptraceSENDING_DNS_REQUEST();\r
-\r
-                               /* Obtain the DNS server address. */\r
-                               FreeRTOS_GetAddressConfiguration( NULL, NULL, NULL, &ulIPAddress );\r
-\r
-                               /* Send the DNS message. */\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-                               if( bHasDot == pdFALSE )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* Use LLMNR addressing. */\r
-                                       ( ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer )->usFlags = 0;\r
-                                       xAddress.sin_addr = ipLLMNR_IP_ADDR; /* Is in network byte order. */\r
-                                       xAddress.sin_port = FreeRTOS_ntohs( ipLLMNR_PORT );\r
-                               }\r
-                               else\r
-#endif\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* Use DNS server. */\r
-                                       xAddress.sin_addr = ulIPAddress;\r
-                                       xAddress.sin_port = dnsDNS_PORT;\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
-\r
-                               if( FreeRTOS_sendto( xDNSSocket, pucUDPPayloadBuffer, uxPayloadLength, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, sizeof( xAddress ) ) != 0 )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* Wait for the reply. */\r
-                                       lBytes = FreeRTOS_recvfrom( xDNSSocket, &pucUDPPayloadBuffer, 0, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, &ulAddressLength );\r
-\r
-                                       if( lBytes > 0 )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                       BaseType_t xExpected;\r
-                                       DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-\r
-                                               /* See if the identifiers match. */\r
-                                               if( uxIdentifier == ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier )\r
-                                               {\r
-                                                       xExpected = pdTRUE;\r
-                                               }\r
-                                               else\r
-                                               {\r
-                                                       /* The reply was not expected. */\r
-                                                       xExpected = pdFALSE;\r
-                                               }\r
-\r
-                                               /* The reply was received.  Process it. */\r
-                                       #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 )\r
-                                               /* It is useless to analyse the unexpected reply\r
-                                               unless asynchronous look-ups are enabled. */\r
-                                               if( xExpected != pdFALSE )\r
-                                       #endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 */\r
-                                               {\r
-                                                       ulIPAddress = prvParseDNSReply( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, ( size_t ) lBytes, xExpected );\r
-                                               }\r
-\r
-                                               /* Finished with the buffer.  The zero copy interface\r
-                                               is being used, so the buffer must be freed by the\r
-                                               task. */\r
-                                               FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-\r
-                                               if( ulIPAddress != 0uL )\r
-                                               {\r
-                                                       /* All done. */\r
-                                                       break;\r
-                                               }\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                               else\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* The message was not sent so the stack will not be\r
-                                       releasing the zero copy - it must be released here. */\r
-                                       FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-\r
-                       if( uxReadTimeOut_ticks == 0u )\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* This DNS lookup is asynchronous, using a call-back:\r
-                               send the request only once. */\r
-                               break;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               /* Finished with the socket. */\r
-               FreeRTOS_closesocket( xDNSSocket );\r
-       }\r
-\r
-       return ulIPAddress;\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                                                  const char *pcHostName,\r
-                                                                  TickType_t uxIdentifier )\r
-{\r
-DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;\r
-uint8_t *pucStart, *pucByte;\r
-DNSTail_t *pxTail;\r
-static const DNSMessage_t xDefaultPartDNSHeader =\r
-{\r
-       0,                 /* The identifier will be overwritten. */\r
-       dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS, /* Flags set for standard query. */\r
-       dnsONE_QUESTION,   /* One question is being asked. */\r
-       0,                 /* No replies are included. */\r
-       0,                 /* No authorities. */\r
-       0                  /* No additional authorities. */\r
-};\r
-\r
-       /* Copy in the const part of the header. */\r
-       memcpy( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer, ( void * ) &xDefaultPartDNSHeader, sizeof( xDefaultPartDNSHeader ) );\r
-\r
-       /* Write in a unique identifier. */\r
-       pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-       pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier = ( uint16_t ) uxIdentifier;\r
-\r
-       /* Create the resource record at the end of the header.  First\r
-       find the end of the header. */\r
-       pucStart = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + sizeof( xDefaultPartDNSHeader );\r
-\r
-       /* Leave a gap for the first length bytes. */\r
-       pucByte = pucStart + 1;\r
-\r
-       /* Copy in the host name. */\r
-       strcpy( ( char * ) pucByte, pcHostName );\r
-\r
-       /* Mark the end of the string. */\r
-       pucByte += strlen( pcHostName );\r
-       *pucByte = 0x00u;\r
-\r
-       /* Walk the string to replace the '.' characters with byte counts.\r
-       pucStart holds the address of the byte count.  Walking the string\r
-       starts after the byte count position. */\r
-       pucByte = pucStart;\r
-\r
-       do\r
-       {\r
-               pucByte++;\r
-\r
-               while( ( *pucByte != 0x00 ) && ( *pucByte != '.' ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       pucByte++;\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               /* Fill in the byte count, then move the pucStart pointer up to\r
-               the found byte position. */\r
-               *pucStart = ( uint8_t ) ( ( uint32_t ) pucByte - ( uint32_t ) pucStart );\r
-               ( *pucStart )--;\r
-\r
-               pucStart = pucByte;\r
-       } while( *pucByte != 0x00 );\r
-\r
-       /* Finish off the record. */\r
-\r
-       pxTail = ( DNSTail_t * ) ( pucByte + 1 );\r
-\r
-       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */\r
-       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */\r
-\r
-       /* Return the total size of the generated message, which is the space from\r
-       the last written byte to the beginning of the buffer. */\r
-       return ( ( uint32_t ) pucByte - ( uint32_t ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer + 1 ) + sizeof( *pxTail );\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-\r
-       static uint8_t * prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
-                                                                          size_t uxSourceLen,\r
-                                                                          char *pcName,\r
-                                                                          size_t uxDestLen )\r
-       {\r
-       size_t uxNameLen = 0;\r
-       BaseType_t xCount;\r
-\r
-               if( 0 == uxSourceLen )\r
-               {\r
-                       return NULL;\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               /* Determine if the name is the fully coded name, or an offset to the name\r
-               elsewhere in the message. */\r
-               if( ( *pucByte & dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET ) == dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET )\r
-               {\r
-                       /* Jump over the two byte offset. */\r
-                       if( uxSourceLen > sizeof( uint16_t ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte = NULL;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-               else\r
-               {\r
-                       /* pucByte points to the full name. Walk over the string. */\r
-                       while( ( NULL != pucByte ) && ( *pucByte != 0x00u ) && ( uxSourceLen > 1u ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* If this is not the first time through the loop, then add a\r
-                               separator in the output. */\r
-                               if( ( uxNameLen > 0 ) && ( uxNameLen < ( uxDestLen - 1u ) ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = '.';\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               /* Process the first/next sub-string. */\r
-                               for( xCount = *( pucByte++ ), uxSourceLen--;\r
-                                        xCount-- && uxSourceLen > 1u;\r
-                                        pucByte++, uxSourceLen-- )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       if( uxNameLen < uxDestLen - 1u )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = *( ( char * ) pucByte );\r
-                                       }\r
-                                       else\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* DNS name is too big for the provided buffer. */\r
-                                               pucByte = NULL;\r
-                                               break;\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-\r
-                       /* Confirm that a fully formed name was found. */\r
-                       if( NULL != pucByte )\r
-                       {\r
-                               if( 0x00 == *pucByte )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pucByte++;\r
-                                       uxSourceLen--;\r
-                                       pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = '\0';\r
-                               }\r
-                               else\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pucByte = NULL;\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               return pucByte;\r
-       }\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-static uint8_t * prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,\r
-                                                                  size_t uxSourceLen )\r
-{\r
-size_t uxChunkLength;\r
-\r
-       if( 0u == uxSourceLen )\r
-       {\r
-               return NULL;\r
-       }\r
-\r
-       /* Determine if the name is the fully coded name, or an offset to the name\r
-       elsewhere in the message. */\r
-       if( ( *pucByte & dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET ) == dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET )\r
-       {\r
-               /* Jump over the two byte offset. */\r
-               if( uxSourceLen > sizeof( uint16_t ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );\r
-               }\r
-               else\r
-               {\r
-                       pucByte = NULL;\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-       else\r
-       {\r
-               /* pucByte points to the full name. Walk over the string. */\r
-               while( ( *pucByte != 0x00u ) && ( uxSourceLen > 1u ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       uxChunkLength = *pucByte + 1u;\r
-\r
-                       if( uxSourceLen > uxChunkLength )\r
-                       {\r
-                               uxSourceLen -= uxChunkLength;\r
-                               pucByte += uxChunkLength;\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte = NULL;\r
-                               break;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               /* Confirm that a fully formed name was found. */\r
-               if( NULL != pucByte )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( 0x00u == *pucByte )\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte++;\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte = NULL;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-\r
-       return pucByte;\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-/* The function below will only be called :\r
-when ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1\r
-when ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1\r
-for testing purposes, by the module iot_test_freertos_tcp.c\r
-*/\r
-uint32_t ulDNSHandlePacket( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer )\r
-{\r
-DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;\r
-size_t uxPayloadSize;\r
-\r
-    /* Only proceed if the payload length indicated in the header\r
-    appears to be valid. */\r
-    if( pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength >= sizeof( UDPPacket_t ) )\r
-    {\r
-        uxPayloadSize = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength - sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
-\r
-        if( uxPayloadSize >= sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) )\r
-        {\r
-            pxDNSMessageHeader =\r
-                ( DNSMessage_t * ) ( pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t ) );\r
-\r
-            /* The parameter pdFALSE indicates that the reply was not expected. */\r
-            prvParseDNSReply( ( uint8_t * ) pxDNSMessageHeader,\r
-                uxPayloadSize,\r
-                pdFALSE );\r
-        }\r
-    }\r
-\r
-       /* The packet was not consumed. */\r
-       return pdFAIL;\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
-\r
-       uint32_t ulNBNSHandlePacket( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t * pxNetworkBuffer )\r
-       {\r
-       UDPPacket_t *pxUDPPacket = ( UDPPacket_t * ) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;\r
-       uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
-       size_t uxPayloadSize = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength - sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
-\r
-               /* The network buffer data length has already been set to the\r
-               length of the UDP payload. */\r
-               prvTreatNBNS( pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                         uxPayloadSize,\r
-                                         pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader.ulSourceIPAddress );\r
-\r
-               /* The packet was not consumed. */\r
-               return pdFAIL;\r
-       }\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                                                 size_t uxBufferLength,\r
-                                                                 BaseType_t xExpected )\r
-{\r
-DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;\r
-DNSAnswerRecord_t *pxDNSAnswerRecord;\r
-uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-       char *pcRequestedName = NULL;\r
-#endif\r
-uint8_t *pucByte;\r
-size_t uxSourceBytesRemaining;\r
-uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;\r
-BaseType_t xDoStore = xExpected;\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-       uint16_t usType = 0, usClass = 0;\r
-#endif\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-       char pcName[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH ] = "";\r
-#endif\r
-\r
-       /* Ensure that the buffer is of at least minimal DNS message length. */\r
-       if( uxBufferLength < sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) )\r
-       {\r
-               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
-       }\r
-\r
-       uxSourceBytesRemaining = uxBufferLength;\r
-\r
-       /* Parse the DNS message header. */\r
-       pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-\r
-       /* Introduce a do {} while (0) to allow the use of breaks. */\r
-       do\r
-       {\r
-               /* Start at the first byte after the header. */\r
-               pucByte = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + sizeof( DNSMessage_t );\r
-               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( DNSMessage_t );\r
-\r
-               /* Skip any question records. */\r
-               usQuestions = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSMessageHeader->usQuestions );\r
-\r
-               for( x = 0; x < usQuestions; x++ )\r
-               {\r
-                       #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-                       {\r
-                               if( x == 0 )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pcRequestedName = ( char * ) pucByte;\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-                       #endif\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-                       if( x == 0 )\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte = prvReadNameField( pucByte,\r
-                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining,\r
-                                                                                       pcName,\r
-                                                                                       sizeof( pcName ) );\r
-\r
-                               /* Check for a malformed response. */\r
-                               if( NULL == pucByte )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength ) - pucByte;\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* Skip the variable length pcName field. */\r
-                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte,\r
-                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining );\r
-\r
-                               /* Check for a malformed response. */\r
-                               if( NULL == pucByte )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( size_t )\r
-                                       ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength - pucByte );\r
-                       }\r
-\r
-                       /* Check the remaining buffer size. */\r
-                       if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= sizeof( uint32_t ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                               #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* usChar2u16 returns value in host endianness. */\r
-                                       usType = usChar2u16( pucByte );\r
-                                       usClass = usChar2u16( pucByte + 2 );\r
-                               }\r
-                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR */\r
-\r
-                               /* Skip the type and class fields. */\r
-                               pucByte += sizeof( uint32_t );\r
-                               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( uint32_t );\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* Malformed response. */\r
-                               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               /* Search through the answer records. */\r
-               pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers );\r
-\r
-               if( ( pxDNSMessageHeader->usFlags & dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK ) == dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS )\r
-               {\r
-                       for( x = 0; x < pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers; x++ )\r
-                       {\r
-                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte,\r
-                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining );\r
-\r
-                               /* Check for a malformed response. */\r
-                               if( NULL == pucByte )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( size_t )\r
-                                       ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength - pucByte );\r
-\r
-                               /* Is there enough data for an IPv4 A record answer and, if so,\r
-                               is this an A record? */\r
-                               if( ( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= ( sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) ) ) &&\r
-                                       ( usChar2u16( pucByte ) == dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* This is the required record type and is of sufficient size. */\r
-                                       pxDNSAnswerRecord = ( DNSAnswerRecord_t * ) pucByte;\r
-\r
-                                       /* Sanity check the data length of an IPv4 answer. */\r
-                                       if( FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSAnswerRecord->usDataLength ) == sizeof( uint32_t ) )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* Copy the IP address out of the record. */\r
-                                               memcpy( &ulIPAddress,\r
-                                                               pucByte + sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ),\r
-                                                               sizeof( uint32_t ) );\r
-\r
-                                               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )\r
-                                               {\r
-                                                       /* See if any asynchronous call was made to FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() */\r
-                                                       if( xDNSDoCallback( ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier, pcName, ulIPAddress ) != pdFALSE )\r
-                                                       {\r
-                                                               /* This device has requested this DNS look-up.\r
-                                                               The result may be stored in the DNS cache. */\r
-                                                               xDoStore = pdTRUE;\r
-                                                       }\r
-                                               }\r
-                                               #endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 */\r
-                                               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-                                               {\r
-                                                       /* The reply will only be stored in the DNS cache when the\r
-                                                       request was issued by this device. */\r
-                                                       if( xDoStore != pdFALSE )\r
-                                                       {\r
-                                                               prvProcessDNSCache( pcName, &ulIPAddress, pxDNSAnswerRecord->ulTTL, pdFALSE );\r
-                                                       }\r
-\r
-                                                       /* Show what has happened. */\r
-                                                       FreeRTOS_printf( ( "DNS[0x%04X]: The answer to '%s' (%xip) will%s be stored\n",\r
-                                                                                          ( unsigned ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier,\r
-                                                                                          pcName,\r
-                                                                                          ( unsigned ) FreeRTOS_ntohl( ulIPAddress ),\r
-                                                                                          ( xDoStore != 0 ) ? "" : " NOT" ) );\r
-                                               }\r
-                                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */\r
-                                       }\r
-\r
-                                       pucByte += sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t );\r
-                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining -= ( sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) );\r
-                                       break;\r
-                               }\r
-                               else if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* It's not an A record, so skip it. Get the header location\r
-                                       and then jump over the header. */\r
-                                       pxDNSAnswerRecord = ( DNSAnswerRecord_t * ) pucByte;\r
-                                       pucByte += sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t );\r
-                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t );\r
-\r
-                                       /* Determine the length of the answer data from the header. */\r
-                                       usDataLength = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSAnswerRecord->usDataLength );\r
-\r
-                                       /* Jump over the answer. */\r
-                                       if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= usDataLength )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               pucByte += usDataLength;\r
-                                               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= usDataLength;\r
-                                       }\r
-                                       else\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* Malformed response. */\r
-                                               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )\r
-               else if( usQuestions && ( usType == dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) && ( usClass == dnsCLASS_IN ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       /* If this is not a reply to our DNS request, it might an LLMNR\r
-                       request. */\r
-                       if( xApplicationDNSQueryHook( ( pcRequestedName + 1 ) ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                       int16_t usLength;\r
-                       NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNewBuffer = NULL;\r
-                       NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer = pxUDPPayloadBuffer_to_NetworkBuffer( pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-                       LLMNRAnswer_t *pxAnswer;\r
-\r
-                               if( ( xBufferAllocFixedSize == pdFALSE ) && ( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                               BaseType_t xDataLength = uxBufferLength + sizeof( UDPHeader_t ) + sizeof( EthernetHeader_t ) + sizeof( IPHeader_t );\r
-\r
-                                       /* Set the size of the outgoing packet. */\r
-                                       pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = xDataLength;\r
-                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, xDataLength + sizeof( LLMNRAnswer_t ) );\r
-\r
-                                       if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                       BaseType_t xOffset1, xOffset2;\r
-\r
-                                               xOffset1 = ( BaseType_t ) ( pucByte - pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-                                               xOffset2 = ( BaseType_t ) ( ( ( uint8_t * ) pcRequestedName ) - pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-\r
-                                               pxNetworkBuffer = pxNewBuffer;\r
-                                               pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + ipUDP_PAYLOAD_OFFSET_IPv4;\r
-\r
-                                               pucByte = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + xOffset1;\r
-                                               pcRequestedName = ( char * ) ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + xOffset2 );\r
-                                               pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-                                       }\r
-                                       else\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* Just to indicate that the message may not be answered. */\r
-                                               pxNetworkBuffer = NULL;\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               if( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pxAnswer = ( LLMNRAnswer_t * ) pucByte;\r
-\r
-                                       /* We leave 'usIdentifier' and 'usQuestions' untouched */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usFlags, dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE ); /* Set the response flag */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAnswers, 1 );                       /* Provide a single answer */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );                  /* No authority */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );                 /* No additional info */\r
-\r
-                                       pxAnswer->ucNameCode = dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET;\r
-                                       pxAnswer->ucNameOffset = ( uint8_t ) ( pcRequestedName - ( char * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */\r
-                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, ulTTL, dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE );\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usDataLength, 4 );\r
-                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, ulIPAddress, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER ) );\r
-\r
-                                       usLength = ( int16_t ) ( sizeof( *pxAnswer ) + ( size_t ) ( pucByte - pucUDPPayloadBuffer ) );\r
-\r
-                                       prvReplyDNSMessage( pxNetworkBuffer, usLength );\r
-\r
-                                       if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               vReleaseNetworkBufferAndDescriptor( pxNewBuffer );\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
-       } while( 0 );\r
-\r
-       if( xExpected == pdFALSE )\r
-       {\r
-               /* Do not return a valid IP-address in case the reply was not expected. */\r
-               ulIPAddress = 0uL;\r
-       }\r
-\r
-       return ulIPAddress;\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )\r
-\r
-       static void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,\r
-                                                         size_t uxBufferLength,\r
-                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress )\r
-       {\r
-       uint16_t usFlags, usType, usClass;\r
-       uint8_t *pucSource, *pucTarget;\r
-       uint8_t ucByte;\r
-       uint8_t ucNBNSName[ 17 ];\r
-\r
-               /* Check for minimum buffer size. */\r
-               if( uxBufferLength < sizeof( NBNSRequest_t ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       return;\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               /* Read the request flags in host endianness. */\r
-               usFlags = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usFlags ) );\r
-\r
-               if( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK ) == dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY )\r
-               {\r
-                       usType  = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) );\r
-                       usClass = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usClass ) );\r
-\r
-                       /* Not used for now */\r
-                       ( void ) usClass;\r
-\r
-                       /* For NBNS a name is 16 bytes long, written with capitals only.\r
-                       Make sure that the copy is terminated with a zero. */\r
-                       pucTarget = ucNBNSName + sizeof( ucNBNSName ) - 2;\r
-                       pucTarget[ 1 ] = '\0';\r
-\r
-                       /* Start with decoding the last 2 bytes. */\r
-                       pucSource = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + ( offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, ucName ) + ( dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH - 2 ) );\r
-\r
-                       for( ;; )\r
-                       {\r
-                               ucByte = ( uint8_t ) ( ( ( pucSource[ 0 ] - 0x41 ) << 4 ) | ( pucSource[ 1 ] - 0x41 ) );\r
-\r
-                               /* Make sure there are no trailing spaces in the name. */\r
-                               if( ( ucByte == ' ' ) && ( pucTarget[ 1 ] == '\0' ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       ucByte = '\0';\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               *pucTarget = ucByte;\r
-\r
-                               if( pucTarget == ucNBNSName )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       break;\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               pucTarget -= 1;\r
-                               pucSource -= 2;\r
-                       }\r
-\r
-                       #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-                       {\r
-                               if( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE ) != 0 )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* If this is a response from another device,\r
-                                       add the name to the DNS cache */\r
-                                       prvProcessDNSCache( ( char * ) ucNBNSName, &ulIPAddress, 0, pdFALSE );\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-                       #else\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* Avoid compiler warnings. */\r
-                               ( void ) ulIPAddress;\r
-                       }\r
-                       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */\r
-\r
-                       if( ( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE ) == 0 ) &&\r
-                               ( usType == dnsNBNS_TYPE_NET_BIOS ) &&\r
-                               ( xApplicationDNSQueryHook( ( const char * ) ucNBNSName ) != pdFALSE ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                       uint16_t usLength;\r
-                       DNSMessage_t *pxMessage;\r
-                       NBNSAnswer_t *pxAnswer;\r
-\r
-                               /* Someone is looking for a device with ucNBNSName,\r
-                               prepare a positive reply. */\r
-                               NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer = pxUDPPayloadBuffer_to_NetworkBuffer( pucUDPPayloadBuffer );\r
-\r
-                               if( ( xBufferAllocFixedSize == pdFALSE ) && ( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL ) )\r
-                               {\r
-                               NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNewBuffer;\r
-\r
-                                       /* The field xDataLength was set to the total length of the UDP packet,\r
-                                       i.e. the payload size plus sizeof( UDPPacket_t ). */\r
-                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength + sizeof( NBNSAnswer_t ) );\r
-\r
-                                       if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNewBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );\r
-                                               pxNetworkBuffer = pxNewBuffer;\r
-                                       }\r
-                                       else\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* Just prevent that a reply will be sent */\r
-                                               pxNetworkBuffer = NULL;\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               /* Should not occur: pucUDPPayloadBuffer is part of a xNetworkBufferDescriptor */\r
-                               if( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       pxMessage = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;\r
-\r
-                                       /* As the fields in the structures are not word-aligned, we have to\r
-                                       copy the values byte-by-byte using macro's vSetField16() and vSetField32() */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usFlags, dnsNBNS_QUERY_RESPONSE_FLAGS ); /* 0x8500 */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usQuestions, 0 );\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAnswers, 1 );\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );\r
-\r
-                                       pxAnswer = ( NBNSAnswer_t * ) ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) );\r
-\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usType, usType );            /* Type */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usClass, dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN ); /* Class */\r
-                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, ulTTL, dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE );\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usDataLength, 6 );           /* 6 bytes including the length field */\r
-                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usNbFlags, dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS );\r
-                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, ulIPAddress, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER ) );\r
-\r
-                                       usLength = ( uint16_t ) ( offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) + sizeof( NBNSAnswer_t ) );\r
-\r
-                                       prvReplyDNSMessage( pxNetworkBuffer, usLength );\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void )\r
-{\r
-Socket_t xSocket = NULL;\r
-struct freertos_sockaddr xAddress;\r
-BaseType_t xReturn;\r
-\r
-       /* This must be the first time this function has been called.  Create\r
-       the socket. */\r
-       xSocket = FreeRTOS_socket( FREERTOS_AF_INET, FREERTOS_SOCK_DGRAM, FREERTOS_IPPROTO_UDP );\r
-\r
-       /* Auto bind the port. */\r
-       xAddress.sin_port = 0u;\r
-       xReturn = FreeRTOS_bind( xSocket, &xAddress, sizeof( xAddress ) );\r
-\r
-       /* Check the bind was successful, and clean up if not. */\r
-       if( xReturn != 0 )\r
-       {\r
-               FreeRTOS_closesocket( xSocket );\r
-               xSocket = NULL;\r
-       }\r
-       else\r
-       {\r
-               /* The send and receive timeouts will be set later on. */\r
-       }\r
-\r
-       return xSocket;\r
-}\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 ) || ( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 ) )\r
-\r
-       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer,\r
-                                                                       BaseType_t lNetLength )\r
-       {\r
-       UDPPacket_t *pxUDPPacket;\r
-       IPHeader_t *pxIPHeader;\r
-       UDPHeader_t *pxUDPHeader;\r
-\r
-               pxUDPPacket = ( UDPPacket_t * ) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;\r
-               pxIPHeader = &pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader;\r
-               pxUDPHeader = &pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader;\r
-               /* HT: started using defines like 'ipSIZE_OF_xxx' */\r
-               pxIPHeader->usLength                       = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );\r
-               /* HT:endian: should not be translated, copying from packet to packet */\r
-               pxIPHeader->ulDestinationIPAddress = pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress;\r
-               pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress      = *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER;\r
-               pxIPHeader->ucTimeToLive                   = ipconfigUDP_TIME_TO_LIVE;\r
-               pxIPHeader->usIdentification       = FreeRTOS_htons( usPacketIdentifier );\r
-               usPacketIdentifier++;\r
-               pxUDPHeader->usLength                      = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );\r
-               vFlip_16( pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader.usSourcePort, pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader.usDestinationPort );\r
-\r
-               /* Important: tell NIC driver how many bytes must be sent */\r
-               pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = ( size_t ) ( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_ETH_HEADER );\r
-\r
-               #if( ipconfigDRIVER_INCLUDED_TX_IP_CHECKSUM == 0 )\r
-               {\r
-                       /* calculate the IP header checksum */\r
-                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = 0x00;\r
-                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = usGenerateChecksum( 0uL, ( uint8_t * ) &( pxIPHeader->ucVersionHeaderLength ), ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER );\r
-                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = ~FreeRTOS_htons( pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum );\r
-\r
-                       /* calculate the UDP checksum for outgoing package */\r
-                       usGenerateProtocolChecksum( ( uint8_t* ) pxUDPPacket, pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength, pdTRUE );\r
-               }\r
-               #endif\r
-\r
-               /* This function will fill in the eth addresses and send the packet */\r
-               vReturnEthernetFrame( pxNetworkBuffer, pdFALSE );\r
-       }\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 || ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )\r
-\r
-       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName,\r
-                                                                       uint32_t *pulIP,\r
-                                                                       uint32_t ulTTL,\r
-                                                                       BaseType_t xLookUp )\r
-       {\r
-       BaseType_t x;\r
-       BaseType_t xFound = pdFALSE;\r
-       uint32_t ulCurrentTimeSeconds = ( xTaskGetTickCount() / portTICK_PERIOD_MS ) / 1000;\r
-       static BaseType_t xFreeEntry = 0;\r
-               configASSERT(pcName);\r
-\r
-               /* For each entry in the DNS cache table. */\r
-               for( x = 0; x < ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES; x++ )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName[ 0 ] == 0 )\r
-                       {\r
-                               continue;\r
-                       }\r
-\r
-                       if( 0 == strcmp( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName, pcName ) )\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* Is this function called for a lookup or to add/update an IP address? */\r
-                               if( xLookUp != pdFALSE )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       /* Confirm that the record is still fresh. */\r
-                                       if( ulCurrentTimeSeconds < ( xDNSCache[ x ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds + FreeRTOS_ntohl( xDNSCache[ x ].ulTTL ) ) )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               *pulIP = xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress;\r
-                                       }\r
-                                       else\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               /* Age out the old cached record. */\r
-                                               xDNSCache[ x ].pcName[ 0 ] = 0;\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                               else\r
-                               {\r
-                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;\r
-                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulTTL = ulTTL;\r
-                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds = ulCurrentTimeSeconds;\r
-                               }\r
-\r
-                               xFound = pdTRUE;\r
-                               break;\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               if( xFound == pdFALSE )\r
-               {\r
-                       if( xLookUp != pdFALSE )\r
-                       {\r
-                               *pulIP = 0;\r
-                       }\r
-                       else\r
-                       {\r
-                               /* Add or update the item. */\r
-                               if( strlen( pcName ) < ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH )\r
-                               {\r
-                                       strcpy( xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].pcName, pcName );\r
-\r
-                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;\r
-                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulTTL = ulTTL;\r
-                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds = ulCurrentTimeSeconds;\r
-\r
-                                       xFreeEntry++;\r
-\r
-                                       if( xFreeEntry == ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES )\r
-                                       {\r
-                                               xFreeEntry = 0;\r
-                                       }\r
-                               }\r
-                       }\r
-               }\r
-\r
-               if( ( xLookUp == 0 ) || ( *pulIP != 0 ) )\r
-               {\r
-                       FreeRTOS_debug_printf( ( "prvProcessDNSCache: %s: '%s' @ %lxip\n", xLookUp ? "look-up" : "add", pcName, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *pulIP ) ) );\r
-               }\r
-       }\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */\r
-\r
-#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS != 0 */\r
-\r
-/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/\r
-\r
-/* Provide access to private members for testing. */\r
-#ifdef AMAZON_FREERTOS_ENABLE_UNIT_TESTS\r
-       #include "iot_freertos_tcp_test_access_dns_define.h"\r
-#endif\r
-\r
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS+TCP V2.2.0
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+ * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+ * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * http://aws.amazon.com/freertos
+ * http://www.FreeRTOS.org
+ */
+
+/* Standard includes. */
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* FreeRTOS includes. */
+#include "FreeRTOS.h"
+#include "task.h"
+#include "queue.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "semphr.h"
+
+/* FreeRTOS+TCP includes. */
+#include "FreeRTOS_IP.h"
+#include "FreeRTOS_Sockets.h"
+#include "FreeRTOS_IP_Private.h"
+#include "FreeRTOS_UDP_IP.h"
+#include "FreeRTOS_DNS.h"
+#include "NetworkBufferManagement.h"
+#include "NetworkInterface.h"
+#include "IPTraceMacroDefaults.h"
+
+/* Exclude the entire file if DNS is not enabled. */
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS != 0 )
+
+#if( ipconfigBYTE_ORDER == pdFREERTOS_LITTLE_ENDIAN )
+       #define dnsDNS_PORT                             0x3500u
+       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                 0x0100u
+       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS               0x0001u     /* Standard query. */
+       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                0x0f80u     /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */
+       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS    0x0080u     /* Should be a response, without any errors. */
+#else
+       #define dnsDNS_PORT                             0x0035u
+       #define dnsONE_QUESTION                 0x0001u
+       #define dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS               0x0100u     /* Standard query. */
+       #define dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK                0x800fu     /* The bits of interest in the flags field of incoming DNS messages. */
+       #define dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS    0x8000u     /* Should be a response, without any errors. */
+
+#endif /* ipconfigBYTE_ORDER */
+
+/* The maximum number of times a DNS request should be sent out if a response
+is not received, before giving up. */
+#ifndef ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS
+       #define ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS    5
+#endif
+
+/* If the top two bits in the first character of a name field are set then the
+name field is an offset to the string, rather than the string itself. */
+#define dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET                                       ( ( uint8_t ) 0xc0 )
+
+/* NBNS flags. */
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE                          0x8000u
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK                       0x7800u
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY                      0x0000u
+#define dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_REGISTRATION       0x2800u
+
+/* Host types. */
+#define dnsTYPE_A_HOST                                          0x01u
+#define dnsCLASS_IN                                                     0x01u
+
+/* LLMNR constants. */
+#define dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE                                      300000uL
+#define dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE                       0x8000u
+
+/* NBNS constants. */
+#define dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE                                       3600uL /* 1 hour valid */
+#define dnsNBNS_TYPE_NET_BIOS                           0x0020u
+#define dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN                                        0x01u
+#define dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS                                      0x6000u
+#define dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH                     32
+
+/* If the queried NBNS name matches with the device's name,
+the query will be responded to with these flags: */
+#define dnsNBNS_QUERY_RESPONSE_FLAGS            ( 0x8500u )
+
+/* Flag DNS parsing errors in situations where an IPv4 address is the return
+type. */
+#define dnsPARSE_ERROR                                          0uL
+
+/*
+ * Create a socket and bind it to the standard DNS port number.  Return the
+ * the created socket - or NULL if the socket could not be created or bound.
+ */
+static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void );
+
+/*
+ * Create the DNS message in the zero copy buffer passed in the first parameter.
+ */
+static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                                                  const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                  TickType_t uxIdentifier );
+
+/*
+ * Simple routine that jumps over the NAME field of a resource record.
+ */
+static uint8_t * prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,
+                                                                  size_t uxSourceLen );
+
+/*
+ * Process a response packet from a DNS server.
+ * The parameter 'xExpected' indicates whether the identifier in the reply
+ * was expected, and thus if the DNS cache may be updated with the reply.
+ */
+static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                                                 size_t uxBufferLength,
+                                                                 BaseType_t xExpected );
+
+/*
+ * Prepare and send a message to a DNS server.  'uxReadTimeOut_ticks' will be passed as
+ * zero, in case the user has supplied a call-back function.
+ */
+static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                 TickType_t uxIdentifier,
+                                                                 TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks );
+
+/*
+ * The NBNS and the LLMNR protocol share this reply function.
+ */
+#if( ( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 ) || ( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 ) )
+       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer,
+                                                                       BaseType_t lNetLength );
+#endif
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )
+       static portINLINE void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                                                                size_t uxBufferLength,
+                                                                                uint32_t ulIPAddress );
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */
+
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+       static uint8_t * prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,
+                                                                          size_t uxSourceLen,
+                                                                          char *pcName,
+                                                                          size_t uxLen );
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )
+       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName,
+                                                                       uint32_t *pulIP,
+                                                                       uint32_t ulTTL,
+                                                                       BaseType_t xLookUp );
+
+       typedef struct xDNS_CACHE_TABLE_ROW
+       {
+               uint32_t ulIPAddress;                         /* The IP address of an ARP cache entry. */
+               char pcName[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH ]; /* The name of the host */
+               uint32_t ulTTL;                               /* Time-to-Live (in seconds) from the DNS server. */
+               uint32_t ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds;
+       } DNSCacheRow_t;
+
+       static DNSCacheRow_t xDNSCache[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES ];
+
+       void FreeRTOS_dnsclear()
+       {
+               memset( xDNSCache, 0x0, sizeof( xDNSCache ) );
+       }
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+       const MACAddress_t xLLMNR_MacAdress = { { 0x01, 0x00, 0x5e, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc } };
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "pack_struct_start.h"
+struct xDNSMessage
+{
+       uint16_t usIdentifier;
+       uint16_t usFlags;
+       uint16_t usQuestions;
+       uint16_t usAnswers;
+       uint16_t usAuthorityRRs;
+       uint16_t usAdditionalRRs;
+}
+#include "pack_struct_end.h"
+typedef struct xDNSMessage DNSMessage_t;
+
+/* A DNS query consists of a header, as described in 'struct xDNSMessage'
+It is followed by 1 or more queries, each one consisting of a name and a tail,
+with two fields: type and class
+*/
+#include "pack_struct_start.h"
+struct xDNSTail
+{
+       uint16_t usType;
+       uint16_t usClass;
+}
+#include "pack_struct_end.h"
+typedef struct xDNSTail DNSTail_t;
+
+/* DNS answer record header. */
+#include "pack_struct_start.h"
+struct xDNSAnswerRecord
+{
+       uint16_t usType;
+       uint16_t usClass;
+       uint32_t ulTTL;
+       uint16_t usDataLength;
+}
+#include "pack_struct_end.h"
+typedef struct xDNSAnswerRecord DNSAnswerRecord_t;
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+
+       #include "pack_struct_start.h"
+       struct xLLMNRAnswer
+       {
+               uint8_t ucNameCode;
+               uint8_t ucNameOffset;   /* The name is not repeated in the answer, only the offset is given with "0xc0 <offs>" */
+               uint16_t usType;
+               uint16_t usClass;
+               uint32_t ulTTL;
+               uint16_t usDataLength;
+               uint32_t ulIPAddress;
+       }
+       #include "pack_struct_end.h"
+       typedef struct xLLMNRAnswer LLMNRAnswer_t;
+
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )
+
+       #include "pack_struct_start.h"
+       struct xNBNSRequest
+       {
+               uint16_t usRequestId;
+               uint16_t usFlags;
+               uint16_t ulRequestCount;
+               uint16_t usAnswerRSS;
+               uint16_t usAuthRSS;
+               uint16_t usAdditionalRSS;
+               uint8_t ucNameSpace;
+               uint8_t ucName[ dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH ];
+               uint8_t ucNameZero;
+               uint16_t usType;
+               uint16_t usClass;
+       }
+       #include "pack_struct_end.h"
+       typedef struct xNBNSRequest NBNSRequest_t;
+
+       #include "pack_struct_start.h"
+       struct xNBNSAnswer
+       {
+               uint16_t usType;
+               uint16_t usClass;
+               uint32_t ulTTL;
+               uint16_t usDataLength;
+               uint16_t usNbFlags;     /* NetBIOS flags 0x6000 : IP-address, big-endian */
+               uint32_t ulIPAddress;
+       }
+       #include "pack_struct_end.h"
+       typedef struct xNBNSAnswer NBNSAnswer_t;
+
+       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 */
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )
+       uint32_t FreeRTOS_dnslookup( const char *pcHostName )
+       {
+       uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;
+
+               prvProcessDNSCache( pcHostName, &ulIPAddress, 0, pdTRUE );
+               return ulIPAddress;
+       }
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+
+       typedef struct xDNS_Callback
+       {
+               TickType_t uxRemaningTime;              /* Timeout in ms */
+               FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction;  /* Function to be called when the address has been found or when a timeout has beeen reached */
+               TimeOut_t uxTimeoutState;
+               void *pvSearchID;
+               struct xLIST_ITEM xListItem;
+               char pcName[ 1 ];
+       } DNSCallback_t;
+
+       static List_t xCallbackList;
+
+       /* Define FreeRTOS_gethostbyname() as a normal blocking call. */
+       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )
+       {
+               return FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( pcHostName, ( FOnDNSEvent ) NULL, ( void * ) NULL, 0 );
+       }
+       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+       /* Initialise the list of call-back structures. */
+       void vDNSInitialise( void );
+       void vDNSInitialise( void )
+       {
+               vListInitialise( &xCallbackList );
+       }
+       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+       /* Iterate through the list of call-back structures and remove
+       old entries which have reached a timeout.
+       As soon as the list hase become empty, the DNS timer will be stopped
+       In case pvSearchID is supplied, the user wants to cancel a DNS request
+       */
+       void vDNSCheckCallBack( void *pvSearchID );
+       void vDNSCheckCallBack( void *pvSearchID )
+       {
+       const ListItem_t *pxIterator;
+       const MiniListItem_t * xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t * ) listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );
+
+               vTaskSuspendAll();
+               {
+                       for( pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( xEnd );
+                                pxIterator != ( const ListItem_t * ) xEnd;
+                                )
+                       {
+                       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );
+
+                               /* Move to the next item because we might remove this item */
+                               pxIterator = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator );
+
+                               if( ( pvSearchID != NULL ) && ( pvSearchID == pxCallback->pvSearchID ) )
+                               {
+                                       uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );
+                                       vPortFree( pxCallback );
+                               }
+                               else if( xTaskCheckForTimeOut( &pxCallback->uxTimeoutState, &pxCallback->uxRemaningTime ) != pdFALSE )
+                               {
+                                       pxCallback->pCallbackFunction( pxCallback->pcName, pxCallback->pvSearchID, 0 );
+                                       uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );
+                                       vPortFree( ( void * ) pxCallback );
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               xTaskResumeAll();
+
+               if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )
+               {
+                       vIPSetDnsTimerEnableState( pdFALSE );
+               }
+       }
+       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+       void FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_cancel( void *pvSearchID )
+       {
+               /* _HT_ Should better become a new API call to have the IP-task remove the callback */
+               vDNSCheckCallBack( pvSearchID );
+       }
+       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+       /* FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() was called along with callback parameters.
+       Store them in a list for later reference. */
+       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                void *pvSearchID,
+                                                                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction,
+                                                                TickType_t uxTimeout,
+                                                                TickType_t uxIdentifier );
+       static void vDNSSetCallBack( const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                void *pvSearchID,
+                                                                FOnDNSEvent pCallbackFunction,
+                                                                TickType_t uxTimeout,
+                                                                TickType_t uxIdentifier )
+       {
+       size_t lLength = strlen( pcHostName );
+       DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) pvPortMalloc( sizeof( *pxCallback ) + lLength );
+
+               /* Translate from ms to number of clock ticks. */
+               uxTimeout /= portTICK_PERIOD_MS;
+
+               if( pxCallback != NULL )
+               {
+                       if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )
+                       {
+                               /* This is the first one, start the DNS timer to check for timeouts */
+                               vIPReloadDNSTimer( FreeRTOS_min_uint32( 1000U, uxTimeout ) );
+                       }
+
+                       strcpy( pxCallback->pcName, pcHostName );
+                       pxCallback->pCallbackFunction = pCallbackFunction;
+                       pxCallback->pvSearchID = pvSearchID;
+                       pxCallback->uxRemaningTime = uxTimeout;
+                       vTaskSetTimeOutState( &pxCallback->uxTimeoutState );
+                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), ( void * ) pxCallback );
+                       listSET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( &( pxCallback->xListItem ), uxIdentifier );
+                       vTaskSuspendAll();
+                       {
+                               vListInsertEnd( &xCallbackList, &pxCallback->xListItem );
+                       }
+                       xTaskResumeAll();
+               }
+       }
+       /*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+       /* A DNS reply was received, see if there is any matching entry and
+       call the handler.  Returns pdTRUE if uxIdentifier was recognised. */
+       static BaseType_t xDNSDoCallback( TickType_t uxIdentifier,
+                                                                         const char *pcName,
+                                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress );
+       static BaseType_t xDNSDoCallback( TickType_t uxIdentifier,
+                                                                         const char *pcName,
+                                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress )
+       {
+       BaseType_t xResult = pdFALSE;
+       const ListItem_t *pxIterator;
+       const MiniListItem_t * xEnd = ( const MiniListItem_t * ) listGET_END_MARKER( &xCallbackList );
+
+               vTaskSuspendAll();
+               {
+                       for( pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( xEnd );
+                                pxIterator != ( const ListItem_t * ) xEnd;
+                                pxIterator  = ( const ListItem_t * ) listGET_NEXT( pxIterator ) )
+                       {
+                               /* The cast will take away the 'configLIST_VOLATILE' */
+                               if( uxIdentifier == ( TickType_t ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_VALUE( pxIterator ) )
+                               {
+                               DNSCallback_t *pxCallback = ( DNSCallback_t * ) listGET_LIST_ITEM_OWNER( pxIterator );
+
+                                       pxCallback->pCallbackFunction( pcName, pxCallback->pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );
+                                       uxListRemove( &pxCallback->xListItem );
+                                       vPortFree( pxCallback );
+
+                                       if( listLIST_IS_EMPTY( &xCallbackList ) )
+                                       {
+                                               /* The list of outstanding requests is empty. No need for periodic polling. */
+                                               vIPSetDnsTimerEnableState( pdFALSE );
+                                       }
+
+                                       xResult = pdTRUE;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               xTaskResumeAll();
+               return xResult;
+       }
+
+#endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 )
+       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname( const char *pcHostName )
+#else
+       uint32_t FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a( const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                          FOnDNSEvent pCallback,
+                                                                          void *pvSearchID,
+                                                                          TickType_t uxTimeout )
+#endif
+{
+uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;
+TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks = ipconfigDNS_RECEIVE_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS;
+TickType_t uxIdentifier = 0u;
+BaseType_t xHasRandom = pdFALSE;
+
+       if( pcHostName != NULL )
+       {
+               /* If the supplied hostname is IP address, convert it to uint32_t
+               and return. */
+               #if( ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 )
+               {
+                       ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_inet_addr( pcHostName );
+               }
+               #endif /* ipconfigINCLUDE_FULL_INET_ADDR == 1 */
+
+               /* If a DNS cache is used then check the cache before issuing another DNS
+               request. */
+               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )
+               {
+                       if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )
+                       {
+                               ulIPAddress = FreeRTOS_dnslookup( pcHostName );
+
+                               if( ulIPAddress != 0 )
+                               {
+                                       FreeRTOS_debug_printf( ( "FreeRTOS_gethostbyname: found '%s' in cache: %lxip\n", pcHostName, ulIPAddress ) );
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       /* prvGetHostByName will be called to start a DNS lookup. */
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 */
+
+               /* Generate a unique identifier. */
+               if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )
+               {
+               uint32_t ulNumber;
+
+                       xHasRandom = xApplicationGetRandomNumber( &( ulNumber ) );
+                       /* DNS identifiers are 16-bit. */
+                       uxIdentifier = ( TickType_t ) ( ulNumber & 0xffffu );
+                       /* ipconfigRAND32() may not return a non-zero value. */
+               }
+
+               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+               {
+                       if( pCallback != NULL )
+                       {
+                               if( ulIPAddress == 0uL )
+                               {
+                                       /* The user has provided a callback function, so do not block on recvfrom() */
+                                       if( xHasRandom != pdFALSE )
+                                       {
+                                               uxReadTimeOut_ticks = 0u;
+                                               vDNSSetCallBack( pcHostName, pvSearchID, pCallback, uxTimeout, uxIdentifier );
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       /* The IP address is known, do the call-back now. */
+                                       pCallback( pcHostName, pvSearchID, ulIPAddress );
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               #endif /* if ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 ) */
+
+               if( ( ulIPAddress == 0uL ) && ( xHasRandom != pdFALSE ) )
+               {
+                       ulIPAddress = prvGetHostByName( pcHostName, uxIdentifier, uxReadTimeOut_ticks );
+               }
+       }
+       return ulIPAddress;
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static uint32_t prvGetHostByName( const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                 TickType_t uxIdentifier,
+                                                                 TickType_t uxReadTimeOut_ticks )
+{
+struct freertos_sockaddr xAddress;
+Socket_t xDNSSocket;
+uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;
+uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
+uint32_t ulAddressLength = sizeof( struct freertos_sockaddr );
+BaseType_t xAttempt;
+int32_t lBytes;
+size_t uxPayloadLength, uxExpectedPayloadLength;
+TickType_t uxWriteTimeOut_ticks = ipconfigDNS_SEND_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS;
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+       BaseType_t bHasDot = pdFALSE;
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */
+
+       /* If LLMNR is being used then determine if the host name includes a '.' -
+       if not then LLMNR can be used as the lookup method. */
+       #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+       {
+       const char *pucPtr;
+
+               for( pucPtr = pcHostName; *pucPtr; pucPtr++ )
+               {
+                       if( *pucPtr == '.' )
+                       {
+                               bHasDot = pdTRUE;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */
+
+       /* Two is added at the end for the count of characters in the first
+       subdomain part and the string end byte. */
+       uxExpectedPayloadLength = sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) + strlen( pcHostName ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + sizeof( uint16_t ) + 2u;
+
+       xDNSSocket = prvCreateDNSSocket();
+
+       if( xDNSSocket != NULL )
+       {
+               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_SNDTIMEO, ( void * ) &uxWriteTimeOut_ticks, sizeof( TickType_t ) );
+               FreeRTOS_setsockopt( xDNSSocket, 0, FREERTOS_SO_RCVTIMEO, ( void * ) &uxReadTimeOut_ticks,  sizeof( TickType_t ) );
+
+               for( xAttempt = 0; xAttempt < ipconfigDNS_REQUEST_ATTEMPTS; xAttempt++ )
+               {
+                       /* Get a buffer.  This uses a maximum delay, but the delay will be
+                       capped to ipconfigUDP_MAX_SEND_BLOCK_TIME_TICKS so the return value
+                       still needs to be tested. */
+                       pucUDPPayloadBuffer = ( uint8_t * ) FreeRTOS_GetUDPPayloadBuffer( uxExpectedPayloadLength, portMAX_DELAY );
+
+                       if( pucUDPPayloadBuffer != NULL )
+                       {
+                               /* Create the message in the obtained buffer. */
+                               uxPayloadLength = prvCreateDNSMessage( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, pcHostName, uxIdentifier );
+
+                               iptraceSENDING_DNS_REQUEST();
+
+                               /* Obtain the DNS server address. */
+                               FreeRTOS_GetAddressConfiguration( NULL, NULL, NULL, &ulIPAddress );
+
+                               /* Send the DNS message. */
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+                               if( bHasDot == pdFALSE )
+                               {
+                                       /* Use LLMNR addressing. */
+                                       ( ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer )->usFlags = 0;
+                                       xAddress.sin_addr = ipLLMNR_IP_ADDR; /* Is in network byte order. */
+                                       xAddress.sin_port = FreeRTOS_ntohs( ipLLMNR_PORT );
+                               }
+                               else
+#endif
+                               {
+                                       /* Use DNS server. */
+                                       xAddress.sin_addr = ulIPAddress;
+                                       xAddress.sin_port = dnsDNS_PORT;
+                               }
+
+                               ulIPAddress = 0uL;
+
+                               if( FreeRTOS_sendto( xDNSSocket, pucUDPPayloadBuffer, uxPayloadLength, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, sizeof( xAddress ) ) != 0 )
+                               {
+                                       /* Wait for the reply. */
+                                       lBytes = FreeRTOS_recvfrom( xDNSSocket, &pucUDPPayloadBuffer, 0, FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY, &xAddress, &ulAddressLength );
+
+                                       if( lBytes > 0 )
+                                       {
+                                       BaseType_t xExpected;
+                                       DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
+
+                                               /* See if the identifiers match. */
+                                               if( uxIdentifier == ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier )
+                                               {
+                                                       xExpected = pdTRUE;
+                                               }
+                                               else
+                                               {
+                                                       /* The reply was not expected. */
+                                                       xExpected = pdFALSE;
+                                               }
+
+                                               /* The reply was received.  Process it. */
+                                       #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 )
+                                               /* It is useless to analyse the unexpected reply
+                                               unless asynchronous look-ups are enabled. */
+                                               if( xExpected != pdFALSE )
+                                       #endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 0 */
+                                               {
+                                                       ulIPAddress = prvParseDNSReply( pucUDPPayloadBuffer, ( size_t ) lBytes, xExpected );
+                                               }
+
+                                               /* Finished with the buffer.  The zero copy interface
+                                               is being used, so the buffer must be freed by the
+                                               task. */
+                                               FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+
+                                               if( ulIPAddress != 0uL )
+                                               {
+                                                       /* All done. */
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       /* The message was not sent so the stack will not be
+                                       releasing the zero copy - it must be released here. */
+                                       FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if( uxReadTimeOut_ticks == 0u )
+                       {
+                               /* This DNS lookup is asynchronous, using a call-back:
+                               send the request only once. */
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Finished with the socket. */
+               FreeRTOS_closesocket( xDNSSocket );
+       }
+
+       return ulIPAddress;
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static size_t prvCreateDNSMessage( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                                                  const char *pcHostName,
+                                                                  TickType_t uxIdentifier )
+{
+DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;
+uint8_t *pucStart, *pucByte;
+DNSTail_t *pxTail;
+static const DNSMessage_t xDefaultPartDNSHeader =
+{
+       0,                 /* The identifier will be overwritten. */
+       dnsOUTGOING_FLAGS, /* Flags set for standard query. */
+       dnsONE_QUESTION,   /* One question is being asked. */
+       0,                 /* No replies are included. */
+       0,                 /* No authorities. */
+       0                  /* No additional authorities. */
+};
+
+       /* Copy in the const part of the header. */
+       memcpy( ( void * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer, ( void * ) &xDefaultPartDNSHeader, sizeof( xDefaultPartDNSHeader ) );
+
+       /* Write in a unique identifier. */
+       pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
+       pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier = ( uint16_t ) uxIdentifier;
+
+       /* Create the resource record at the end of the header.  First
+       find the end of the header. */
+       pucStart = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + sizeof( xDefaultPartDNSHeader );
+
+       /* Leave a gap for the first length bytes. */
+       pucByte = pucStart + 1;
+
+       /* Copy in the host name. */
+       strcpy( ( char * ) pucByte, pcHostName );
+
+       /* Mark the end of the string. */
+       pucByte += strlen( pcHostName );
+       *pucByte = 0x00u;
+
+       /* Walk the string to replace the '.' characters with byte counts.
+       pucStart holds the address of the byte count.  Walking the string
+       starts after the byte count position. */
+       pucByte = pucStart;
+
+       do
+       {
+               pucByte++;
+
+               while( ( *pucByte != 0x00 ) && ( *pucByte != '.' ) )
+               {
+                       pucByte++;
+               }
+
+               /* Fill in the byte count, then move the pucStart pointer up to
+               the found byte position. */
+               *pucStart = ( uint8_t ) ( ( uint32_t ) pucByte - ( uint32_t ) pucStart );
+               ( *pucStart )--;
+
+               pucStart = pucByte;
+       } while( *pucByte != 0x00 );
+
+       /* Finish off the record. */
+
+       pxTail = ( DNSTail_t * ) ( pucByte + 1 );
+
+       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */
+       vSetField16( pxTail, DNSTail_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */
+
+       /* Return the total size of the generated message, which is the space from
+       the last written byte to the beginning of the buffer. */
+       return ( ( uint32_t ) pucByte - ( uint32_t ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer + 1 ) + sizeof( *pxTail );
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+
+       static uint8_t * prvReadNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,
+                                                                          size_t uxSourceLen,
+                                                                          char *pcName,
+                                                                          size_t uxDestLen )
+       {
+       size_t uxNameLen = 0;
+       BaseType_t xCount;
+
+               if( 0 == uxSourceLen )
+               {
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               /* Determine if the name is the fully coded name, or an offset to the name
+               elsewhere in the message. */
+               if( ( *pucByte & dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET ) == dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET )
+               {
+                       /* Jump over the two byte offset. */
+                       if( uxSourceLen > sizeof( uint16_t ) )
+                       {
+                               pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               pucByte = NULL;
+                       }
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       /* pucByte points to the full name. Walk over the string. */
+                       while( ( NULL != pucByte ) && ( *pucByte != 0x00u ) && ( uxSourceLen > 1u ) )
+                       {
+                               /* If this is not the first time through the loop, then add a
+                               separator in the output. */
+                               if( ( uxNameLen > 0 ) && ( uxNameLen < ( uxDestLen - 1u ) ) )
+                               {
+                                       pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = '.';
+                               }
+
+                               /* Process the first/next sub-string. */
+                               for( xCount = *( pucByte++ ), uxSourceLen--;
+                                        xCount-- && uxSourceLen > 1u;
+                                        pucByte++, uxSourceLen-- )
+                               {
+                                       if( uxNameLen < uxDestLen - 1u )
+                                       {
+                                               pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = *( ( char * ) pucByte );
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                       {
+                                               /* DNS name is too big for the provided buffer. */
+                                               pucByte = NULL;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       /* Confirm that a fully formed name was found. */
+                       if( NULL != pucByte )
+                       {
+                               if( 0x00 == *pucByte )
+                               {
+                                       pucByte++;
+                                       uxSourceLen--;
+                                       pcName[ uxNameLen++ ] = '\0';
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       pucByte = NULL;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return pucByte;
+       }
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static uint8_t * prvSkipNameField( uint8_t *pucByte,
+                                                                  size_t uxSourceLen )
+{
+size_t uxChunkLength;
+
+       if( 0u == uxSourceLen )
+       {
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* Determine if the name is the fully coded name, or an offset to the name
+       elsewhere in the message. */
+       if( ( *pucByte & dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET ) == dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET )
+       {
+               /* Jump over the two byte offset. */
+               if( uxSourceLen > sizeof( uint16_t ) )
+               {
+                       pucByte += sizeof( uint16_t );
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       pucByte = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               /* pucByte points to the full name. Walk over the string. */
+               while( ( *pucByte != 0x00u ) && ( uxSourceLen > 1u ) )
+               {
+                       uxChunkLength = *pucByte + 1u;
+
+                       if( uxSourceLen > uxChunkLength )
+                       {
+                               uxSourceLen -= uxChunkLength;
+                               pucByte += uxChunkLength;
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               pucByte = NULL;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Confirm that a fully formed name was found. */
+               if( NULL != pucByte )
+               {
+                       if( 0x00u == *pucByte )
+                       {
+                               pucByte++;
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               pucByte = NULL;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       return pucByte;
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* The function below will only be called :
+when ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1
+when ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1
+for testing purposes, by the module iot_test_freertos_tcp.c
+*/
+uint32_t ulDNSHandlePacket( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer )
+{
+DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;
+size_t uxPayloadSize;
+
+    /* Only proceed if the payload length indicated in the header
+    appears to be valid. */
+    if( pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength >= sizeof( UDPPacket_t ) )
+    {
+        uxPayloadSize = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength - sizeof( UDPPacket_t );
+
+        if( uxPayloadSize >= sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) )
+        {
+            pxDNSMessageHeader =
+                ( DNSMessage_t * ) ( pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t ) );
+
+            /* The parameter pdFALSE indicates that the reply was not expected. */
+            prvParseDNSReply( ( uint8_t * ) pxDNSMessageHeader,
+                uxPayloadSize,
+                pdFALSE );
+        }
+    }
+
+       /* The packet was not consumed. */
+       return pdFAIL;
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )
+
+       uint32_t ulNBNSHandlePacket( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t * pxNetworkBuffer )
+       {
+       UDPPacket_t *pxUDPPacket = ( UDPPacket_t * ) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;
+       uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );
+       size_t uxPayloadSize = pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength - sizeof( UDPPacket_t );
+
+               /* The network buffer data length has already been set to the
+               length of the UDP payload. */
+               prvTreatNBNS( pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                         uxPayloadSize,
+                                         pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader.ulSourceIPAddress );
+
+               /* The packet was not consumed. */
+               return pdFAIL;
+       }
+
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static uint32_t prvParseDNSReply( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                                                 size_t uxBufferLength,
+                                                                 BaseType_t xExpected )
+{
+DNSMessage_t *pxDNSMessageHeader;
+DNSAnswerRecord_t *pxDNSAnswerRecord;
+uint32_t ulIPAddress = 0uL;
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+       char *pcRequestedName = NULL;
+#endif
+uint8_t *pucByte;
+size_t uxSourceBytesRemaining;
+uint16_t x, usDataLength, usQuestions;
+BaseType_t xDoStore = xExpected;
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+       uint16_t usType = 0, usClass = 0;
+#endif
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+       char pcName[ ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH ] = "";
+#endif
+
+       /* Ensure that the buffer is of at least minimal DNS message length. */
+       if( uxBufferLength < sizeof( DNSMessage_t ) )
+       {
+               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       uxSourceBytesRemaining = uxBufferLength;
+
+       /* Parse the DNS message header. */
+       pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
+
+       /* Introduce a do {} while (0) to allow the use of breaks. */
+       do
+       {
+               /* Start at the first byte after the header. */
+               pucByte = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + sizeof( DNSMessage_t );
+               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( DNSMessage_t );
+
+               /* Skip any question records. */
+               usQuestions = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSMessageHeader->usQuestions );
+
+               for( x = 0; x < usQuestions; x++ )
+               {
+                       #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+                       {
+                               if( x == 0 )
+                               {
+                                       pcRequestedName = ( char * ) pucByte;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       #endif
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 ) || ( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+                       if( x == 0 )
+                       {
+                               pucByte = prvReadNameField( pucByte,
+                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining,
+                                                                                       pcName,
+                                                                                       sizeof( pcName ) );
+
+                               /* Check for a malformed response. */
+                               if( NULL == pucByte )
+                               {
+                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;
+                               }
+
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength ) - pucByte;
+                       }
+                       else
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE || ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS */
+                       {
+                               /* Skip the variable length pcName field. */
+                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte,
+                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining );
+
+                               /* Check for a malformed response. */
+                               if( NULL == pucByte )
+                               {
+                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;
+                               }
+
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( size_t )
+                                       ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength - pucByte );
+                       }
+
+                       /* Check the remaining buffer size. */
+                       if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= sizeof( uint32_t ) )
+                       {
+                               #if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+                               {
+                                       /* usChar2u16 returns value in host endianness. */
+                                       usType = usChar2u16( pucByte );
+                                       usClass = usChar2u16( pucByte + 2 );
+                               }
+                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR */
+
+                               /* Skip the type and class fields. */
+                               pucByte += sizeof( uint32_t );
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( uint32_t );
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               /* Malformed response. */
+                               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Search through the answer records. */
+               pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers );
+
+               if( ( pxDNSMessageHeader->usFlags & dnsRX_FLAGS_MASK ) == dnsEXPECTED_RX_FLAGS )
+               {
+                       for( x = 0; x < pxDNSMessageHeader->usAnswers; x++ )
+                       {
+                               pucByte = prvSkipNameField( pucByte,
+                                                                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining );
+
+                               /* Check for a malformed response. */
+                               if( NULL == pucByte )
+                               {
+                                       return dnsPARSE_ERROR;
+                               }
+
+                               uxSourceBytesRemaining = ( size_t )
+                                       ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + uxBufferLength - pucByte );
+
+                               /* Is there enough data for an IPv4 A record answer and, if so,
+                               is this an A record? */
+                               if( ( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= ( sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) ) ) &&
+                                       ( usChar2u16( pucByte ) == dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) )
+                               {
+                                       /* This is the required record type and is of sufficient size. */
+                                       pxDNSAnswerRecord = ( DNSAnswerRecord_t * ) pucByte;
+
+                                       /* Sanity check the data length of an IPv4 answer. */
+                                       if( FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSAnswerRecord->usDataLength ) == sizeof( uint32_t ) )
+                                       {
+                                               /* Copy the IP address out of the record. */
+                                               memcpy( &ulIPAddress,
+                                                               pucByte + sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ),
+                                                               sizeof( uint32_t ) );
+
+                                               #if( ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 )
+                                               {
+                                                       /* See if any asynchronous call was made to FreeRTOS_gethostbyname_a() */
+                                                       if( xDNSDoCallback( ( TickType_t ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier, pcName, ulIPAddress ) != pdFALSE )
+                                                       {
+                                                               /* This device has requested this DNS look-up.
+                                                               The result may be stored in the DNS cache. */
+                                                               xDoStore = pdTRUE;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               #endif /* ipconfigDNS_USE_CALLBACKS == 1 */
+                                               #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )
+                                               {
+                                                       /* The reply will only be stored in the DNS cache when the
+                                                       request was issued by this device. */
+                                                       if( xDoStore != pdFALSE )
+                                                       {
+                                                               prvProcessDNSCache( pcName, &ulIPAddress, pxDNSAnswerRecord->ulTTL, pdFALSE );
+                                                       }
+
+                                                       /* Show what has happened. */
+                                                       FreeRTOS_printf( ( "DNS[0x%04X]: The answer to '%s' (%xip) will%s be stored\n",
+                                                                                          ( unsigned ) pxDNSMessageHeader->usIdentifier,
+                                                                                          pcName,
+                                                                                          ( unsigned ) FreeRTOS_ntohl( ulIPAddress ),
+                                                                                          ( xDoStore != 0 ) ? "" : " NOT" ) );
+                                               }
+                                               #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */
+                                       }
+
+                                       pucByte += sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t );
+                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining -= ( sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) + sizeof( uint32_t ) );
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               else if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t ) )
+                               {
+                                       /* It's not an A record, so skip it. Get the header location
+                                       and then jump over the header. */
+                                       pxDNSAnswerRecord = ( DNSAnswerRecord_t * ) pucByte;
+                                       pucByte += sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t );
+                                       uxSourceBytesRemaining -= sizeof( DNSAnswerRecord_t );
+
+                                       /* Determine the length of the answer data from the header. */
+                                       usDataLength = FreeRTOS_ntohs( pxDNSAnswerRecord->usDataLength );
+
+                                       /* Jump over the answer. */
+                                       if( uxSourceBytesRemaining >= usDataLength )
+                                       {
+                                               pucByte += usDataLength;
+                                               uxSourceBytesRemaining -= usDataLength;
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                       {
+                                               /* Malformed response. */
+                                               return dnsPARSE_ERROR;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 )
+               else if( usQuestions && ( usType == dnsTYPE_A_HOST ) && ( usClass == dnsCLASS_IN ) )
+               {
+                       /* If this is not a reply to our DNS request, it might an LLMNR
+                       request. */
+                       if( xApplicationDNSQueryHook( ( pcRequestedName + 1 ) ) )
+                       {
+                       int16_t usLength;
+                       NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNewBuffer = NULL;
+                       NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer = pxUDPPayloadBuffer_to_NetworkBuffer( pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+                       LLMNRAnswer_t *pxAnswer;
+
+                               if( ( xBufferAllocFixedSize == pdFALSE ) && ( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL ) )
+                               {
+                               BaseType_t xDataLength = uxBufferLength + sizeof( UDPHeader_t ) + sizeof( EthernetHeader_t ) + sizeof( IPHeader_t );
+
+                                       /* Set the size of the outgoing packet. */
+                                       pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = xDataLength;
+                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, xDataLength + sizeof( LLMNRAnswer_t ) );
+
+                                       if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )
+                                       {
+                                       BaseType_t xOffset1, xOffset2;
+
+                                               xOffset1 = ( BaseType_t ) ( pucByte - pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+                                               xOffset2 = ( BaseType_t ) ( ( ( uint8_t * ) pcRequestedName ) - pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+
+                                               pxNetworkBuffer = pxNewBuffer;
+                                               pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + ipUDP_PAYLOAD_OFFSET_IPv4;
+
+                                               pucByte = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + xOffset1;
+                                               pcRequestedName = ( char * ) ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + xOffset2 );
+                                               pxDNSMessageHeader = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                       {
+                                               /* Just to indicate that the message may not be answered. */
+                                               pxNetworkBuffer = NULL;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL )
+                               {
+                                       pxAnswer = ( LLMNRAnswer_t * ) pucByte;
+
+                                       /* We leave 'usIdentifier' and 'usQuestions' untouched */
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usFlags, dnsLLMNR_FLAGS_IS_REPONSE ); /* Set the response flag */
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAnswers, 1 );                       /* Provide a single answer */
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );                  /* No authority */
+                                       vSetField16( pxDNSMessageHeader, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );                 /* No additional info */
+
+                                       pxAnswer->ucNameCode = dnsNAME_IS_OFFSET;
+                                       pxAnswer->ucNameOffset = ( uint8_t ) ( pcRequestedName - ( char * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usType, dnsTYPE_A_HOST ); /* Type A: host */
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usClass, dnsCLASS_IN );   /* 1: Class IN */
+                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, ulTTL, dnsLLMNR_TTL_VALUE );
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, usDataLength, 4 );
+                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, LLMNRAnswer_t, ulIPAddress, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER ) );
+
+                                       usLength = ( int16_t ) ( sizeof( *pxAnswer ) + ( size_t ) ( pucByte - pucUDPPayloadBuffer ) );
+
+                                       prvReplyDNSMessage( pxNetworkBuffer, usLength );
+
+                                       if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )
+                                       {
+                                               vReleaseNetworkBufferAndDescriptor( pxNewBuffer );
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */
+       } while( 0 );
+
+       if( xExpected == pdFALSE )
+       {
+               /* Do not return a valid IP-address in case the reply was not expected. */
+               ulIPAddress = 0uL;
+       }
+
+       return ulIPAddress;
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 )
+
+       static void prvTreatNBNS( uint8_t *pucUDPPayloadBuffer,
+                                                         size_t uxBufferLength,
+                                                         uint32_t ulIPAddress )
+       {
+       uint16_t usFlags, usType, usClass;
+       uint8_t *pucSource, *pucTarget;
+       uint8_t ucByte;
+       uint8_t ucNBNSName[ 17 ];
+
+               /* Check for minimum buffer size. */
+               if( uxBufferLength < sizeof( NBNSRequest_t ) )
+               {
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               /* Read the request flags in host endianness. */
+               usFlags = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usFlags ) );
+
+               if( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_MASK ) == dnsNBNS_FLAGS_OPCODE_QUERY )
+               {
+                       usType  = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) );
+                       usClass = usChar2u16( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usClass ) );
+
+                       /* Not used for now */
+                       ( void ) usClass;
+
+                       /* For NBNS a name is 16 bytes long, written with capitals only.
+                       Make sure that the copy is terminated with a zero. */
+                       pucTarget = ucNBNSName + sizeof( ucNBNSName ) - 2;
+                       pucTarget[ 1 ] = '\0';
+
+                       /* Start with decoding the last 2 bytes. */
+                       pucSource = pucUDPPayloadBuffer + ( offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, ucName ) + ( dnsNBNS_ENCODED_NAME_LENGTH - 2 ) );
+
+                       for( ;; )
+                       {
+                               ucByte = ( uint8_t ) ( ( ( pucSource[ 0 ] - 0x41 ) << 4 ) | ( pucSource[ 1 ] - 0x41 ) );
+
+                               /* Make sure there are no trailing spaces in the name. */
+                               if( ( ucByte == ' ' ) && ( pucTarget[ 1 ] == '\0' ) )
+                               {
+                                       ucByte = '\0';
+                               }
+
+                               *pucTarget = ucByte;
+
+                               if( pucTarget == ucNBNSName )
+                               {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               pucTarget -= 1;
+                               pucSource -= 2;
+                       }
+
+                       #if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )
+                       {
+                               if( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE ) != 0 )
+                               {
+                                       /* If this is a response from another device,
+                                       add the name to the DNS cache */
+                                       prvProcessDNSCache( ( char * ) ucNBNSName, &ulIPAddress, 0, pdFALSE );
+                               }
+                       }
+                       #else
+                       {
+                               /* Avoid compiler warnings. */
+                               ( void ) ulIPAddress;
+                       }
+                       #endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */
+
+                       if( ( ( usFlags & dnsNBNS_FLAGS_RESPONSE ) == 0 ) &&
+                               ( usType == dnsNBNS_TYPE_NET_BIOS ) &&
+                               ( xApplicationDNSQueryHook( ( const char * ) ucNBNSName ) != pdFALSE ) )
+                       {
+                       uint16_t usLength;
+                       DNSMessage_t *pxMessage;
+                       NBNSAnswer_t *pxAnswer;
+
+                               /* Someone is looking for a device with ucNBNSName,
+                               prepare a positive reply. */
+                               NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer = pxUDPPayloadBuffer_to_NetworkBuffer( pucUDPPayloadBuffer );
+
+                               if( ( xBufferAllocFixedSize == pdFALSE ) && ( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL ) )
+                               {
+                               NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNewBuffer;
+
+                                       /* The field xDataLength was set to the total length of the UDP packet,
+                                       i.e. the payload size plus sizeof( UDPPacket_t ). */
+                                       pxNewBuffer = pxDuplicateNetworkBufferWithDescriptor( pxNetworkBuffer, pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength + sizeof( NBNSAnswer_t ) );
+
+                                       if( pxNewBuffer != NULL )
+                                       {
+                                               pucUDPPayloadBuffer = pxNewBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer + sizeof( UDPPacket_t );
+                                               pxNetworkBuffer = pxNewBuffer;
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                       {
+                                               /* Just prevent that a reply will be sent */
+                                               pxNetworkBuffer = NULL;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               /* Should not occur: pucUDPPayloadBuffer is part of a xNetworkBufferDescriptor */
+                               if( pxNetworkBuffer != NULL )
+                               {
+                                       pxMessage = ( DNSMessage_t * ) pucUDPPayloadBuffer;
+
+                                       /* As the fields in the structures are not word-aligned, we have to
+                                       copy the values byte-by-byte using macro's vSetField16() and vSetField32() */
+                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usFlags, dnsNBNS_QUERY_RESPONSE_FLAGS ); /* 0x8500 */
+                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usQuestions, 0 );
+                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAnswers, 1 );
+                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAuthorityRRs, 0 );
+                                       vSetField16( pxMessage, DNSMessage_t, usAdditionalRRs, 0 );
+
+                                       pxAnswer = ( NBNSAnswer_t * ) ( pucUDPPayloadBuffer + offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) );
+
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usType, usType );            /* Type */
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usClass, dnsNBNS_CLASS_IN ); /* Class */
+                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, ulTTL, dnsNBNS_TTL_VALUE );
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usDataLength, 6 );           /* 6 bytes including the length field */
+                                       vSetField16( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, usNbFlags, dnsNBNS_NAME_FLAGS );
+                                       vSetField32( pxAnswer, NBNSAnswer_t, ulIPAddress, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER ) );
+
+                                       usLength = ( uint16_t ) ( offsetof( NBNSRequest_t, usType ) + sizeof( NBNSAnswer_t ) );
+
+                                       prvReplyDNSMessage( pxNetworkBuffer, usLength );
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static Socket_t prvCreateDNSSocket( void )
+{
+Socket_t xSocket = NULL;
+struct freertos_sockaddr xAddress;
+BaseType_t xReturn;
+
+       /* This must be the first time this function has been called.  Create
+       the socket. */
+       xSocket = FreeRTOS_socket( FREERTOS_AF_INET, FREERTOS_SOCK_DGRAM, FREERTOS_IPPROTO_UDP );
+
+       /* Auto bind the port. */
+       xAddress.sin_port = 0u;
+       xReturn = FreeRTOS_bind( xSocket, &xAddress, sizeof( xAddress ) );
+
+       /* Check the bind was successful, and clean up if not. */
+       if( xReturn != 0 )
+       {
+               FreeRTOS_closesocket( xSocket );
+               xSocket = NULL;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               /* The send and receive timeouts will be set later on. */
+       }
+
+       return xSocket;
+}
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ( ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 ) || ( ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 ) )
+
+       static void prvReplyDNSMessage( NetworkBufferDescriptor_t *pxNetworkBuffer,
+                                                                       BaseType_t lNetLength )
+       {
+       UDPPacket_t *pxUDPPacket;
+       IPHeader_t *pxIPHeader;
+       UDPHeader_t *pxUDPHeader;
+
+               pxUDPPacket = ( UDPPacket_t * ) pxNetworkBuffer->pucEthernetBuffer;
+               pxIPHeader = &pxUDPPacket->xIPHeader;
+               pxUDPHeader = &pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader;
+               /* HT: started using defines like 'ipSIZE_OF_xxx' */
+               pxIPHeader->usLength                       = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );
+               /* HT:endian: should not be translated, copying from packet to packet */
+               pxIPHeader->ulDestinationIPAddress = pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress;
+               pxIPHeader->ulSourceIPAddress      = *ipLOCAL_IP_ADDRESS_POINTER;
+               pxIPHeader->ucTimeToLive                   = ipconfigUDP_TIME_TO_LIVE;
+               pxIPHeader->usIdentification       = FreeRTOS_htons( usPacketIdentifier );
+               usPacketIdentifier++;
+               pxUDPHeader->usLength                      = FreeRTOS_htons( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER );
+               vFlip_16( pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader.usSourcePort, pxUDPPacket->xUDPHeader.usDestinationPort );
+
+               /* Important: tell NIC driver how many bytes must be sent */
+               pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength = ( size_t ) ( lNetLength + ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_UDP_HEADER + ipSIZE_OF_ETH_HEADER );
+
+               #if( ipconfigDRIVER_INCLUDED_TX_IP_CHECKSUM == 0 )
+               {
+                       /* calculate the IP header checksum */
+                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = 0x00;
+                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = usGenerateChecksum( 0uL, ( uint8_t * ) &( pxIPHeader->ucVersionHeaderLength ), ipSIZE_OF_IPv4_HEADER );
+                       pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum = ~FreeRTOS_htons( pxIPHeader->usHeaderChecksum );
+
+                       /* calculate the UDP checksum for outgoing package */
+                       usGenerateProtocolChecksum( ( uint8_t* ) pxUDPPacket, pxNetworkBuffer->xDataLength, pdTRUE );
+               }
+               #endif
+
+               /* This function will fill in the eth addresses and send the packet */
+               vReturnEthernetFrame( pxNetworkBuffer, pdFALSE );
+       }
+
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_NBNS == 1 || ipconfigUSE_LLMNR == 1 */
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#if( ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE == 1 )
+
+       static void prvProcessDNSCache( const char *pcName,
+                                                                       uint32_t *pulIP,
+                                                                       uint32_t ulTTL,
+                                                                       BaseType_t xLookUp )
+       {
+       BaseType_t x;
+       BaseType_t xFound = pdFALSE;
+       uint32_t ulCurrentTimeSeconds = ( xTaskGetTickCount() / portTICK_PERIOD_MS ) / 1000;
+       static BaseType_t xFreeEntry = 0;
+               configASSERT(pcName);
+
+               /* For each entry in the DNS cache table. */
+               for( x = 0; x < ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES; x++ )
+               {
+                       if( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName[ 0 ] == 0 )
+                       {
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       if( 0 == strcmp( xDNSCache[ x ].pcName, pcName ) )
+                       {
+                               /* Is this function called for a lookup or to add/update an IP address? */
+                               if( xLookUp != pdFALSE )
+                               {
+                                       /* Confirm that the record is still fresh. */
+                                       if( ulCurrentTimeSeconds < ( xDNSCache[ x ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds + FreeRTOS_ntohl( xDNSCache[ x ].ulTTL ) ) )
+                                       {
+                                               *pulIP = xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress;
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                       {
+                                               /* Age out the old cached record. */
+                                               xDNSCache[ x ].pcName[ 0 ] = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;
+                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulTTL = ulTTL;
+                                       xDNSCache[ x ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds = ulCurrentTimeSeconds;
+                               }
+
+                               xFound = pdTRUE;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if( xFound == pdFALSE )
+               {
+                       if( xLookUp != pdFALSE )
+                       {
+                               *pulIP = 0;
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                               /* Add or update the item. */
+                               if( strlen( pcName ) < ipconfigDNS_CACHE_NAME_LENGTH )
+                               {
+                                       strcpy( xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].pcName, pcName );
+
+                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulIPAddress = *pulIP;
+                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulTTL = ulTTL;
+                                       xDNSCache[ xFreeEntry ].ulTimeWhenAddedInSeconds = ulCurrentTimeSeconds;
+
+                                       xFreeEntry++;
+
+                                       if( xFreeEntry == ipconfigDNS_CACHE_ENTRIES )
+                                       {
+                                               xFreeEntry = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if( ( xLookUp == 0 ) || ( *pulIP != 0 ) )
+               {
+                       FreeRTOS_debug_printf( ( "prvProcessDNSCache: %s: '%s' @ %lxip\n", xLookUp ? "look-up" : "add", pcName, FreeRTOS_ntohl( *pulIP ) ) );
+               }
+       }
+
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS_CACHE */
+
+#endif /* ipconfigUSE_DNS != 0 */
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* Provide access to private members for testing. */
+#ifdef AMAZON_FREERTOS_ENABLE_UNIT_TESTS
+       #include "iot_freertos_tcp_test_access_dns_define.h"
+#endif
+