Debugging i3: How To ==================== Michael Stapelberg July 2011 This document describes how to debug i3 suitably for sending us useful bug reports, even if you have no clue of C programming. First of all: Thank you for being interested in debugging i3. It really means something to us to get your bug fixed. If you have any questions about the debugging and/or need further help, do not hesitate to contact us! == Enabling logging i3 logs useful information to stdout. To have a clearly defined place where log files will be saved, you should redirect stdout and stderr in your +~/.xsession+. While you’re at it, putting each run of i3 in a separate log file with date/time in its filename is a good idea to not get confused about the different log files later on. -------------------------------------------------------------------- exec /usr/bin/i3 >~/i3log-$(date +'%F-%k-%M-%S') 2>&1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- To enable verbose output and all levels of debug output (required when attaching logfiles to bugreports), add the parameters +-V -d all+, like this: -------------------------------------------------------------------- exec /usr/bin/i3 -V -d all >~/i3log-$(date +'%F-%k-%M-%S') 2>&1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- == Enabling core dumps When i3 crashes, often you have the chance of getting a 'core dump' (an image of the memory of the i3 process which can be loaded into a debugger). To get a core dump, you have to make sure that the user limit for core dump files is set high enough. Many systems ship with a default value which even forbids core dumps completely. To disable the limit completely and thus enable core dumps, use the following command (in your +~/.xsession+, before starting i3): ------------------- ulimit -c unlimited ------------------- Furthermore, to easily recognize core dumps and allow multiple of them, you should set a custom core dump filename pattern, using a command like the following: --------------------------------------------- sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=core.%e.%p --------------------------------------------- This will generate files which have the executable’s file name (%e) and the process id (%p) in it. You can save this setting across reboots using +/etc/sysctl.conf+. == Compiling with debug symbols To actually get useful core dumps, you should make sure that your version of i3 is compiled with debug symbols, that is, that the symbols are not stripped during the build process. You can check whether your executable contains symbols by issuing the following command: ---------------- file $(which i3) ---------------- You should get an output like this: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /usr/bin/i3: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, not stripped ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Notice the +not stripped+, which is the important part. If you have a version which is stripped, please have a look if your distribution provides debug symbols (package +i3-wm-dbg+ on Debian for example) or if you can turn off stripping. If nothing helps, please build i3 from source. == Generating a backtrace Once you have made sure that your i3 is compiled with debug symbols and that core dumps are enabled, you can start making sense out of the core dumps. Because the core dump depends on the original executable (and its debug symbols), please do this as soon as you encounter the problem. If you re-compile i3, your core dump might be useless afterwards. Please install +gdb+, a debugger for C. No worries, you don’t need to learn it now. Start gdb using the following command (replacing the actual name of the core dump of course): ---------------------------- gdb $(which i3) core.i3.3849 ---------------------------- Then, generate a backtrace using: -------------- backtrace full -------------- == Sending bug reports/debugging on IRC When sending bug reports, please paste the relevant part of the log (if in doubt, please send us rather too much information than too less) and the whole backtrace (if there was a core dump). When debugging with us in IRC, be prepared to use a so called nopaste service such as http://nopaste.info or http://pastebin.com because pasting large amounts of text in IRC sometimes leads to incomplete lines (servers have line length limitations) or flood kicks.