2 * This file is part of UBIFS.
4 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
6 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
8 * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
13 * This file describes UBIFS on-flash format and contains definitions of all the
14 * relevant data structures and constants.
16 * All UBIFS on-flash objects are stored in the form of nodes. All nodes start
17 * with the UBIFS node magic number and have the same common header. Nodes
18 * always sit at 8-byte aligned positions on the media and node header sizes are
19 * also 8-byte aligned (except for the indexing node and the padding node).
22 #ifndef __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__
23 #define __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__
25 /* UBIFS node magic number (must not have the padding byte first or last) */
26 #define UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC 0x06101831
29 * UBIFS on-flash format version. This version is increased when the on-flash
30 * format is changing. If this happens, UBIFS is will support older versions as
31 * well. But older UBIFS code will not support newer formats. Format changes
32 * will be rare and only when absolutely necessary, e.g. to fix a bug or to add
35 * UBIFS went into mainline kernel with format version 4. The older formats
36 * were development formats.
38 #define UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION 4
41 * Read-only compatibility version. If the UBIFS format is changed, older UBIFS
42 * implementations will not be able to mount newer formats in read-write mode.
43 * However, depending on the change, it may be possible to mount newer formats
44 * in R/O mode. This is indicated by the R/O compatibility version which is
45 * stored in the super-block.
47 * This is needed to support boot-loaders which only need R/O mounting. With
48 * this flag it is possible to do UBIFS format changes without a need to update
51 #define UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION 0
53 /* Minimum logical eraseblock size in bytes */
54 #define UBIFS_MIN_LEB_SZ (15*1024)
56 /* Initial CRC32 value used when calculating CRC checksums */
57 #define UBIFS_CRC32_INIT 0xFFFFFFFFU
60 * UBIFS does not try to compress data if its length is less than the below
63 #define UBIFS_MIN_COMPR_LEN 128
66 * If compressed data length is less than %UBIFS_MIN_COMPRESS_DIFF bytes
67 * shorter than uncompressed data length, UBIFS prefers to leave this data
68 * node uncompress, because it'll be read faster.
70 #define UBIFS_MIN_COMPRESS_DIFF 64
72 /* Root inode number */
73 #define UBIFS_ROOT_INO 1
75 /* Lowest inode number used for regular inodes (not UBIFS-only internal ones) */
76 #define UBIFS_FIRST_INO 64
79 * Maximum file name and extended attribute length (must be a multiple of 8,
82 #define UBIFS_MAX_NLEN 255
84 /* Maximum number of data journal heads */
85 #define UBIFS_MAX_JHEADS 1
88 * Size of UBIFS data block. Note, UBIFS is not a block oriented file-system,
89 * which means that it does not treat the underlying media as consisting of
90 * blocks like in case of hard drives. Do not be confused. UBIFS block is just
91 * the maximum amount of data which one data node can have or which can be
92 * attached to an inode node.
94 #define UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE 4096
95 #define UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT 12
97 /* UBIFS padding byte pattern (must not be first or last byte of node magic) */
98 #define UBIFS_PADDING_BYTE 0xCE
100 /* Maximum possible key length */
101 #define UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN 16
103 /* Key length ("simple" format) */
104 #define UBIFS_SK_LEN 8
106 /* Minimum index tree fanout */
107 #define UBIFS_MIN_FANOUT 3
109 /* Maximum number of levels in UBIFS indexing B-tree */
110 #define UBIFS_MAX_LEVELS 512
112 /* Maximum amount of data attached to an inode in bytes */
113 #define UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE
115 /* LEB Properties Tree fanout (must be power of 2) and fanout shift */
116 #define UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT 4
117 #define UBIFS_LPT_FANOUT_SHIFT 2
119 /* LEB Properties Tree bit field sizes */
120 #define UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BITS 16
121 #define UBIFS_LPT_CRC_BYTES 2
122 #define UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS 4
124 /* The key is always at the same position in all keyed nodes */
125 #define UBIFS_KEY_OFFSET offsetof(struct ubifs_ino_node, key)
127 /* Garbage collector journal head number */
128 #define UBIFS_GC_HEAD 0
129 /* Base journal head number */
130 #define UBIFS_BASE_HEAD 1
131 /* Data journal head number */
132 #define UBIFS_DATA_HEAD 2
135 * LEB Properties Tree node types.
137 * UBIFS_LPT_PNODE: LPT leaf node (contains LEB properties)
138 * UBIFS_LPT_NNODE: LPT internal node
139 * UBIFS_LPT_LTAB: LPT's own lprops table
140 * UBIFS_LPT_LSAVE: LPT's save table (big model only)
141 * UBIFS_LPT_NODE_CNT: count of LPT node types
142 * UBIFS_LPT_NOT_A_NODE: all ones (15 for 4 bits) is never a valid node type
150 UBIFS_LPT_NOT_A_NODE = (1 << UBIFS_LPT_TYPE_BITS) - 1,
156 * UBIFS_ITYPE_REG: regular file
157 * UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR: directory
158 * UBIFS_ITYPE_LNK: soft link
159 * UBIFS_ITYPE_BLK: block device node
160 * UBIFS_ITYPE_CHR: character device node
161 * UBIFS_ITYPE_FIFO: fifo
162 * UBIFS_ITYPE_SOCK: socket
163 * UBIFS_ITYPES_CNT: count of supported file types
177 * Supported key hash functions.
179 * UBIFS_KEY_HASH_R5: R5 hash
180 * UBIFS_KEY_HASH_TEST: test hash which just returns first 4 bytes of the name
188 * Supported key formats.
190 * UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT: simple key format
193 UBIFS_SIMPLE_KEY_FMT,
197 * The simple key format uses 29 bits for storing UBIFS block number and hash
200 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_BITS 29
201 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_MASK 0x1FFFFFFF
202 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_BITS UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_BITS
203 #define UBIFS_S_KEY_HASH_MASK UBIFS_S_KEY_BLOCK_MASK
208 * UBIFS_INO_KEY: inode node key
209 * UBIFS_DATA_KEY: data node key
210 * UBIFS_DENT_KEY: directory entry node key
211 * UBIFS_XENT_KEY: extended attribute entry key
212 * UBIFS_KEY_TYPES_CNT: number of supported key types
222 /* Count of LEBs reserved for the superblock area */
223 #define UBIFS_SB_LEBS 1
224 /* Count of LEBs reserved for the master area */
225 #define UBIFS_MST_LEBS 2
227 /* First LEB of the superblock area */
228 #define UBIFS_SB_LNUM 0
229 /* First LEB of the master area */
230 #define UBIFS_MST_LNUM (UBIFS_SB_LNUM + UBIFS_SB_LEBS)
231 /* First LEB of the log area */
232 #define UBIFS_LOG_LNUM (UBIFS_MST_LNUM + UBIFS_MST_LEBS)
235 * The below constants define the absolute minimum values for various UBIFS
236 * media areas. Many of them actually depend of flash geometry and the FS
237 * configuration (number of journal heads, orphan LEBs, etc). This means that
238 * the smallest volume size which can be used for UBIFS cannot be pre-defined
239 * by these constants. The file-system that meets the below limitation will not
240 * necessarily mount. UBIFS does run-time calculations and validates the FS
244 /* Minimum number of logical eraseblocks in the log */
245 #define UBIFS_MIN_LOG_LEBS 2
246 /* Minimum number of bud logical eraseblocks (one for each head) */
247 #define UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS 3
248 /* Minimum number of journal logical eraseblocks */
249 #define UBIFS_MIN_JNL_LEBS (UBIFS_MIN_LOG_LEBS + UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS)
250 /* Minimum number of LPT area logical eraseblocks */
251 #define UBIFS_MIN_LPT_LEBS 2
252 /* Minimum number of orphan area logical eraseblocks */
253 #define UBIFS_MIN_ORPH_LEBS 1
255 * Minimum number of main area logical eraseblocks (buds, 3 for the index, 1
256 * for GC, 1 for deletions, and at least 1 for committed data).
258 #define UBIFS_MIN_MAIN_LEBS (UBIFS_MIN_BUD_LEBS + 6)
260 /* Minimum number of logical eraseblocks */
261 #define UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT (UBIFS_SB_LEBS + UBIFS_MST_LEBS + \
262 UBIFS_MIN_LOG_LEBS + UBIFS_MIN_LPT_LEBS + \
263 UBIFS_MIN_ORPH_LEBS + UBIFS_MIN_MAIN_LEBS)
265 /* Node sizes (N.B. these are guaranteed to be multiples of 8) */
266 #define UBIFS_CH_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_ch)
267 #define UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_ino_node)
268 #define UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_data_node)
269 #define UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_dent_node)
270 #define UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_trun_node)
271 #define UBIFS_PAD_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_pad_node)
272 #define UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_sb_node)
273 #define UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_mst_node)
274 #define UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_ref_node)
275 #define UBIFS_IDX_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_idx_node)
276 #define UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_cs_node)
277 #define UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_orph_node)
278 /* Extended attribute entry nodes are identical to directory entry nodes */
279 #define UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ
280 /* Only this does not have to be multiple of 8 bytes */
281 #define UBIFS_BRANCH_SZ sizeof(struct ubifs_branch)
283 /* Maximum node sizes (N.B. these are guaranteed to be multiples of 8) */
284 #define UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ (UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE)
285 #define UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ (UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA)
286 #define UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ (UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_MAX_NLEN + 1)
287 #define UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ
289 /* The largest UBIFS node */
290 #define UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ
293 * On-flash inode flags.
295 * UBIFS_COMPR_FL: use compression for this inode
296 * UBIFS_SYNC_FL: I/O on this inode has to be synchronous
297 * UBIFS_IMMUTABLE_FL: inode is immutable
298 * UBIFS_APPEND_FL: writes to the inode may only append data
299 * UBIFS_DIRSYNC_FL: I/O on this directory inode has to be synchronous
300 * UBIFS_XATTR_FL: this inode is the inode for an extended attribute value
302 * Note, these are on-flash flags which correspond to ioctl flags
303 * (@FS_COMPR_FL, etc). They have the same values now, but generally, do not
304 * have to be the same.
307 UBIFS_COMPR_FL = 0x01,
308 UBIFS_SYNC_FL = 0x02,
309 UBIFS_IMMUTABLE_FL = 0x04,
310 UBIFS_APPEND_FL = 0x08,
311 UBIFS_DIRSYNC_FL = 0x10,
312 UBIFS_XATTR_FL = 0x20,
315 /* Inode flag bits used by UBIFS */
316 #define UBIFS_FL_MASK 0x0000001F
319 * UBIFS compression algorithms.
321 * UBIFS_COMPR_NONE: no compression
322 * UBIFS_COMPR_LZO: LZO compression
323 * UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB: ZLIB compression
324 * UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT: count of supported compression types
330 UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT,
336 * UBIFS_INO_NODE: inode node
337 * UBIFS_DATA_NODE: data node
338 * UBIFS_DENT_NODE: directory entry node
339 * UBIFS_XENT_NODE: extended attribute node
340 * UBIFS_TRUN_NODE: truncation node
341 * UBIFS_PAD_NODE: padding node
342 * UBIFS_SB_NODE: superblock node
343 * UBIFS_MST_NODE: master node
344 * UBIFS_REF_NODE: LEB reference node
345 * UBIFS_IDX_NODE: index node
346 * UBIFS_CS_NODE: commit start node
347 * UBIFS_ORPH_NODE: orphan node
348 * UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT: count of supported node types
350 * Note, we index arrays by these numbers, so keep them low and contiguous.
351 * Node type constants for inodes, direntries and so on have to be the same as
352 * corresponding key type constants.
367 UBIFS_NODE_TYPES_CNT,
373 * UBIFS_MST_DIRTY: rebooted uncleanly - master node is dirty
374 * UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS: no orphan inodes present
375 * UBIFS_MST_RCVRY: written by recovery
379 UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS = 2,
384 * Node group type (used by recovery to recover whole group or none).
386 * UBIFS_NO_NODE_GROUP: this node is not part of a group
387 * UBIFS_IN_NODE_GROUP: this node is a part of a group
388 * UBIFS_LAST_OF_NODE_GROUP: this node is the last in a group
391 UBIFS_NO_NODE_GROUP = 0,
393 UBIFS_LAST_OF_NODE_GROUP,
399 * UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT: if "big" LPT model is used if set
400 * UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP: first-mount "fixup" of free space within LEBs needed
403 UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT = 0x02,
404 UBIFS_FLG_SPACE_FIXUP = 0x04,
408 * struct ubifs_ch - common header node.
409 * @magic: UBIFS node magic number (%UBIFS_NODE_MAGIC)
410 * @crc: CRC-32 checksum of the node header
411 * @sqnum: sequence number
412 * @len: full node length
413 * @node_type: node type
414 * @group_type: node group type
415 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
417 * Every UBIFS node starts with this common part. If the node has a key, the
418 * key always goes next.
431 * union ubifs_dev_desc - device node descriptor.
432 * @new: new type device descriptor
433 * @huge: huge type device descriptor
435 * This data structure describes major/minor numbers of a device node. In an
436 * inode is a device node then its data contains an object of this type. UBIFS
437 * uses standard Linux "new" and "huge" device node encodings.
439 union ubifs_dev_desc {
445 * struct ubifs_ino_node - inode node.
448 * @creat_sqnum: sequence number at time of creation
449 * @size: inode size in bytes (amount of uncompressed data)
450 * @atime_sec: access time seconds
451 * @ctime_sec: creation time seconds
452 * @mtime_sec: modification time seconds
453 * @atime_nsec: access time nanoseconds
454 * @ctime_nsec: creation time nanoseconds
455 * @mtime_nsec: modification time nanoseconds
456 * @nlink: number of hard links
459 * @mode: access flags
460 * @flags: per-inode flags (%UBIFS_COMPR_FL, %UBIFS_SYNC_FL, etc)
461 * @data_len: inode data length
462 * @xattr_cnt: count of extended attributes this inode has
463 * @xattr_size: summarized size of all extended attributes in bytes
464 * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes
465 * @xattr_names: sum of lengths of all extended attribute names belonging to
467 * @compr_type: compression type used for this inode
468 * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes
469 * @data: data attached to the inode
471 * Note, even though inode compression type is defined by @compr_type, some
472 * nodes of this inode may be compressed with different compressor - this
473 * happens if compression type is changed while the inode already has data
474 * nodes. But @compr_type will be use for further writes to the inode.
476 * Note, do not forget to amend 'zero_ino_node_unused()' function when changing
477 * the padding fields.
479 struct ubifs_ino_node {
481 __u8 key[UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN];
498 __u8 padding1[4]; /* Watch 'zero_ino_node_unused()' if changing! */
501 __u8 padding2[26]; /* Watch 'zero_ino_node_unused()' if changing! */
506 * struct ubifs_dent_node - directory entry node.
509 * @inum: target inode number
510 * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes
511 * @type: type of the target inode (%UBIFS_ITYPE_REG, %UBIFS_ITYPE_DIR, etc)
513 * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes
514 * @name: zero-terminated name
516 * Note, do not forget to amend 'zero_dent_node_unused()' function when
517 * changing the padding fields.
519 struct ubifs_dent_node {
521 __u8 key[UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN];
526 __u8 padding2[4]; /* Watch 'zero_dent_node_unused()' if changing! */
535 * struct ubifs_data_node - data node.
538 * @size: uncompressed data size in bytes
539 * @compr_type: compression type (%UBIFS_COMPR_NONE, %UBIFS_COMPR_LZO, etc)
540 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
543 * Note, do not forget to amend 'zero_data_node_unused()' function when
544 * changing the padding fields.
546 struct ubifs_data_node {
548 __u8 key[UBIFS_MAX_KEY_LEN];
551 __u8 padding[2]; /* Watch 'zero_data_node_unused()' if changing! */
556 * struct ubifs_trun_node - truncation node.
558 * @inum: truncated inode number
559 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
560 * @old_size: size before truncation
561 * @new_size: size after truncation
563 * This node exists only in the journal and never goes to the main area. Note,
564 * do not forget to amend 'zero_trun_node_unused()' function when changing the
567 struct ubifs_trun_node {
570 __u8 padding[12]; /* Watch 'zero_trun_node_unused()' if changing! */
576 * struct ubifs_pad_node - padding node.
578 * @pad_len: how many bytes after this node are unused (because padded)
579 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
581 struct ubifs_pad_node {
587 * struct ubifs_sb_node - superblock node.
589 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
590 * @key_hash: type of hash function used in keys
591 * @key_fmt: format of the key
592 * @flags: file-system flags (%UBIFS_FLG_BIGLPT, etc)
593 * @min_io_size: minimal input/output unit size
594 * @leb_size: logical eraseblock size in bytes
595 * @leb_cnt: count of LEBs used by file-system
596 * @max_leb_cnt: maximum count of LEBs used by file-system
597 * @max_bud_bytes: maximum amount of data stored in buds
598 * @log_lebs: log size in logical eraseblocks
599 * @lpt_lebs: number of LEBs used for lprops table
600 * @orph_lebs: number of LEBs used for recording orphans
601 * @jhead_cnt: count of journal heads
602 * @fanout: tree fanout (max. number of links per indexing node)
603 * @lsave_cnt: number of LEB numbers in LPT's save table
604 * @fmt_version: UBIFS on-flash format version
605 * @default_compr: default compression algorithm (%UBIFS_COMPR_LZO, etc)
606 * @padding1: reserved for future, zeroes
607 * @rp_uid: reserve pool UID
608 * @rp_gid: reserve pool GID
609 * @rp_size: size of the reserved pool in bytes
610 * @padding2: reserved for future, zeroes
611 * @time_gran: time granularity in nanoseconds
612 * @uuid: UUID generated when the file system image was created
613 * @ro_compat_version: UBIFS R/O compatibility version
615 struct ubifs_sb_node {
625 __le64 max_bud_bytes;
633 __le16 default_compr;
640 __le32 ro_compat_version;
645 * struct ubifs_mst_node - master node.
647 * @highest_inum: highest inode number in the committed index
648 * @cmt_no: commit number
649 * @flags: various flags (%UBIFS_MST_DIRTY, etc)
650 * @log_lnum: start of the log
651 * @root_lnum: LEB number of the root indexing node
652 * @root_offs: offset within @root_lnum
653 * @root_len: root indexing node length
654 * @gc_lnum: LEB reserved for garbage collection (%-1 value means the LEB was
655 * not reserved and should be reserved on mount)
656 * @ihead_lnum: LEB number of index head
657 * @ihead_offs: offset of index head
658 * @index_size: size of index on flash
659 * @total_free: total free space in bytes
660 * @total_dirty: total dirty space in bytes
661 * @total_used: total used space in bytes (includes only data LEBs)
662 * @total_dead: total dead space in bytes (includes only data LEBs)
663 * @total_dark: total dark space in bytes (includes only data LEBs)
664 * @lpt_lnum: LEB number of LPT root nnode
665 * @lpt_offs: offset of LPT root nnode
666 * @nhead_lnum: LEB number of LPT head
667 * @nhead_offs: offset of LPT head
668 * @ltab_lnum: LEB number of LPT's own lprops table
669 * @ltab_offs: offset of LPT's own lprops table
670 * @lsave_lnum: LEB number of LPT's save table (big model only)
671 * @lsave_offs: offset of LPT's save table (big model only)
672 * @lscan_lnum: LEB number of last LPT scan
673 * @empty_lebs: number of empty logical eraseblocks
674 * @idx_lebs: number of indexing logical eraseblocks
675 * @leb_cnt: count of LEBs used by file-system
676 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
678 struct ubifs_mst_node {
712 * struct ubifs_ref_node - logical eraseblock reference node.
714 * @lnum: the referred logical eraseblock number
715 * @offs: start offset in the referred LEB
716 * @jhead: journal head number
717 * @padding: reserved for future, zeroes
719 struct ubifs_ref_node {
728 * struct ubifs_branch - key/reference/length branch
729 * @lnum: LEB number of the target node
730 * @offs: offset within @lnum
731 * @len: target node length
734 struct ubifs_branch {
746 * struct ubifs_idx_node - indexing node.
748 * @child_cnt: number of child index nodes
750 * @branches: LEB number / offset / length / key branches
752 struct ubifs_idx_node {
764 * struct ubifs_cs_node - commit start node.
766 * @cmt_no: commit number
768 struct ubifs_cs_node {
774 * struct ubifs_orph_node - orphan node.
776 * @cmt_no: commit number (also top bit is set on the last node of the commit)
777 * @inos: inode numbers of orphans
779 struct ubifs_orph_node {
785 #endif /* __UBIFS_MEDIA_H__ */