1 /*****************************************************************************/
5 /* Environment independent low level optimizations */
9 /* (C) 2001-2009, Ullrich von Bassewitz */
10 /* Roemerstrasse 52 */
11 /* D-70794 Filderstadt */
12 /* EMail: uz@cc65.org */
15 /* This software is provided 'as-is', without any expressed or implied */
16 /* warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages */
17 /* arising from the use of this software. */
19 /* Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, */
20 /* including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it */
21 /* freely, subject to the following restrictions: */
23 /* 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not */
24 /* claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software */
25 /* in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be */
26 /* appreciated but is not required. */
27 /* 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not */
28 /* be misrepresented as being the original software. */
29 /* 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source */
32 /*****************************************************************************/
48 /*****************************************************************************/
49 /* Helper functions */
50 /*****************************************************************************/
54 static int MemAccess (CodeSeg* S, unsigned From, unsigned To, const char* Arg)
55 /* Checks a range of code entries if there are any memory accesses to Arg.
56 * Note: This function is not 100% safe, because there is more than one way
57 * to express a memory location ("foo" and "foo+0" comes to mind) and there
58 * may be other accesses through pointers. For the code generated by cc65 and
59 * for the purpose of the caller (OptPushPop) it is assumed to be safe enough
63 /* Walk over all code entries */
66 /* Get the next entry */
67 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, From);
69 /* For simplicity, we just check if there is an argument and if this
70 * argument equals Arg.
72 if (E->Arg && strcmp (E->Arg, Arg) == 0) {
87 static int GetBranchDist (CodeSeg* S, unsigned From, CodeEntry* To)
88 /* Get the branch distance between the two entries and return it. The distance
89 * will be negative for backward jumps and positive for forward jumps.
92 /* Get the index of the branch target */
93 unsigned TI = CS_GetEntryIndex (S, To);
95 /* Determine the branch distance */
98 /* Forward branch, do not count the current insn */
101 CodeEntry* N = CS_GetEntry (S, J++);
105 /* Backward branch */
108 CodeEntry* N = CS_GetEntry (S, J++);
113 /* Return the calculated distance */
119 static int IsShortDist (int Distance)
120 /* Return true if the given distance is a short branch distance */
122 return (Distance >= -125 && Distance <= 125);
127 static short ZPRegVal (unsigned short Use, const RegContents* RC)
128 /* Return the contents of the given zeropage register */
130 if ((Use & REG_TMP1) != 0) {
132 } else if ((Use & REG_PTR1_LO) != 0) {
134 } else if ((Use & REG_PTR1_HI) != 0) {
136 } else if ((Use & REG_SREG_LO) != 0) {
138 } else if ((Use & REG_SREG_HI) != 0) {
141 return UNKNOWN_REGVAL;
147 static short RegVal (unsigned short Use, const RegContents* RC)
148 /* Return the contents of the given register */
150 if ((Use & REG_A) != 0) {
152 } else if ((Use & REG_X) != 0) {
154 } else if ((Use & REG_Y) != 0) {
157 return ZPRegVal (Use, RC);
163 /*****************************************************************************/
164 /* Replace jumps to RTS by RTS */
165 /*****************************************************************************/
169 unsigned OptRTSJumps1 (CodeSeg* S)
170 /* Replace jumps to RTS by RTS */
172 unsigned Changes = 0;
174 /* Walk over all entries minus the last one */
176 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
178 /* Get the next entry */
179 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
181 /* Check if it's an unconditional branch to a local target */
182 if ((E->Info & OF_UBRA) != 0 &&
184 E->JumpTo->Owner->OPC == OP65_RTS) {
186 /* Insert an RTS instruction */
187 CodeEntry* X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_RTS, AM65_IMP, 0, 0, E->LI);
188 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
190 /* Delete the jump */
193 /* Remember, we had changes */
203 /* Return the number of changes made */
209 unsigned OptRTSJumps2 (CodeSeg* S)
210 /* Replace long conditional jumps to RTS */
212 unsigned Changes = 0;
214 /* Walk over all entries minus the last one */
216 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
220 /* Get the next entry */
221 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
223 /* Check if it's an unconditional branch to a local target */
224 if ((E->Info & OF_CBRA) != 0 && /* Conditional branch */
225 (E->Info & OF_LBRA) != 0 && /* Long branch */
226 E->JumpTo != 0 && /* Local label */
227 E->JumpTo->Owner->OPC == OP65_RTS && /* Target is an RTS */
228 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0) { /* There is a next entry */
234 /* We will create a jump around an RTS instead of the long branch */
235 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_RTS, AM65_IMP, 0, 0, E->JumpTo->Owner->LI);
236 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
238 /* Get the new branch opcode */
239 NewBranch = MakeShortBranch (GetInverseBranch (E->OPC));
241 /* Get the label attached to N, create a new one if needed */
242 LN = CS_GenLabel (S, N);
244 /* Generate the branch */
245 X = NewCodeEntry (NewBranch, AM65_BRA, LN->Name, LN, E->LI);
246 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
248 /* Delete the long branch */
251 /* Remember, we had changes */
261 /* Return the number of changes made */
267 /*****************************************************************************/
268 /* Remove dead jumps */
269 /*****************************************************************************/
273 unsigned OptDeadJumps (CodeSeg* S)
274 /* Remove dead jumps (jumps to the next instruction) */
276 unsigned Changes = 0;
278 /* Walk over all entries minus the last one */
280 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
282 /* Get the next entry */
283 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
285 /* Check if it's a branch, if it has a local target, and if the target
286 * is the next instruction.
288 if (E->AM == AM65_BRA &&
290 E->JumpTo->Owner == CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) {
292 /* Delete the dead jump */
295 /* Remember, we had changes */
306 /* Return the number of changes made */
312 /*****************************************************************************/
313 /* Remove dead code */
314 /*****************************************************************************/
318 unsigned OptDeadCode (CodeSeg* S)
319 /* Remove dead code (code that follows an unconditional jump or an rts/rti
323 unsigned Changes = 0;
325 /* Walk over all entries */
327 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
333 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
335 /* Check if it's an unconditional branch, and if the next entry has
336 * no labels attached, or if the label is just used so that the insn
337 * can jump to itself.
339 if ((E->Info & OF_DEAD) != 0 && /* Dead code follows */
340 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 && /* Has next entry */
341 (!CE_HasLabel (N) || /* Don't has a label */
342 ((N->Info & OF_UBRA) != 0 && /* Uncond branch */
343 (LN = N->JumpTo) != 0 && /* Jumps to known label */
344 LN->Owner == N && /* Attached to insn */
345 CL_GetRefCount (LN) == 1))) { /* Only reference */
347 /* Delete the next entry */
348 CS_DelEntry (S, I+1);
350 /* Remember, we had changes */
361 /* Return the number of changes made */
367 /*****************************************************************************/
368 /* Optimize jump cascades */
369 /*****************************************************************************/
373 unsigned OptJumpCascades (CodeSeg* S)
374 /* Optimize jump cascades (jumps to jumps). In such a case, the jump is
375 * replaced by a jump to the final location. This will in some cases produce
376 * worse code, because some jump targets are no longer reachable by short
377 * branches, but this is quite rare, so there are more advantages than
381 unsigned Changes = 0;
383 /* Walk over all entries */
385 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
391 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
393 /* Check if it's a branch, if it has a jump label, if this jump
394 * label is not attached to the instruction itself, and if the
395 * target instruction is itself a branch.
397 if ((E->Info & OF_BRA) != 0 &&
398 (OldLabel = E->JumpTo) != 0 &&
399 (N = OldLabel->Owner) != E &&
400 (N->Info & OF_BRA) != 0) {
402 /* Check if we can use the final target label. This is the case,
403 * if the target branch is an absolut branch, or if it is a
404 * conditional branch checking the same condition as the first one.
406 if ((N->Info & OF_UBRA) != 0 ||
407 ((E->Info & OF_CBRA) != 0 &&
408 GetBranchCond (E->OPC) == GetBranchCond (N->OPC))) {
410 /* This is a jump cascade and we may jump to the final target,
411 * provided that the other insn does not jump to itself. If
412 * this is the case, we can also jump to ourselves, otherwise
413 * insert a jump to the new instruction and remove the old one.
416 CodeLabel* LN = N->JumpTo;
418 if (LN != 0 && LN->Owner == N) {
420 /* We found a jump to a jump to itself. Replace our jump
421 * by a jump to itself.
423 CodeLabel* LE = CS_GenLabel (S, E);
424 X = NewCodeEntry (E->OPC, E->AM, LE->Name, LE, E->LI);
428 /* Jump to the final jump target */
429 X = NewCodeEntry (E->OPC, E->AM, N->Arg, N->JumpTo, E->LI);
433 /* Insert it behind E */
434 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
439 /* Remember, we had changes */
442 /* Check if both are conditional branches, and the condition of
443 * the second is the inverse of that of the first. In this case,
444 * the second branch will never be taken, and we may jump directly
445 * to the instruction behind this one.
447 } else if ((E->Info & OF_CBRA) != 0 && (N->Info & OF_CBRA) != 0) {
449 CodeEntry* X; /* Instruction behind N */
450 CodeLabel* LX; /* Label attached to X */
452 /* Get the branch conditions of both branches */
453 bc_t BC1 = GetBranchCond (E->OPC);
454 bc_t BC2 = GetBranchCond (N->OPC);
456 /* Check the branch conditions */
457 if (BC1 != GetInverseCond (BC2)) {
458 /* Condition not met */
462 /* We may jump behind this conditional branch. Get the
463 * pointer to the next instruction
465 if ((X = CS_GetNextEntry (S, CS_GetEntryIndex (S, N))) == 0) {
466 /* N is the last entry, bail out */
470 /* Get the label attached to X, create a new one if needed */
471 LX = CS_GenLabel (S, X);
473 /* Move the reference from E to the new label */
474 CS_MoveLabelRef (S, E, LX);
476 /* Remember, we had changes */
487 /* Return the number of changes made */
493 /*****************************************************************************/
494 /* Optimize jsr/rts */
495 /*****************************************************************************/
499 unsigned OptRTS (CodeSeg* S)
500 /* Optimize subroutine calls followed by an RTS. The subroutine call will get
501 * replaced by a jump. Don't bother to delete the RTS if it does not have a
502 * label, the dead code elimination should take care of it.
505 unsigned Changes = 0;
507 /* Walk over all entries minus the last one */
509 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
514 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
516 /* Check if it's a subroutine call and if the following insn is RTS */
517 if (E->OPC == OP65_JSR &&
518 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
519 N->OPC == OP65_RTS) {
521 /* Change the jsr to a jmp and use the additional info for a jump */
523 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_JMP);
525 /* Remember, we had changes */
535 /* Return the number of changes made */
541 /*****************************************************************************/
542 /* Optimize jump targets */
543 /*****************************************************************************/
547 unsigned OptJumpTarget1 (CodeSeg* S)
548 /* If the instruction preceeding an unconditional branch is the same as the
549 * instruction preceeding the jump target, the jump target may be moved
550 * one entry back. This is a size optimization, since the instruction before
551 * the branch gets removed.
554 unsigned Changes = 0;
555 CodeEntry* E1; /* Entry 1 */
556 CodeEntry* E2; /* Entry 2 */
557 CodeEntry* T1; /* Jump target entry 1 */
558 CodeLabel* TL1; /* Target label 1 */
560 /* Walk over the entries */
562 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
565 E2 = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I);
567 /* Check if we have a jump or branch, and a matching label, which
568 * is not attached to the jump itself
571 (E2->Info & OF_UBRA) != 0 &&
573 E2->JumpTo->Owner != E2) {
575 /* Get the entry preceeding the branch target */
576 T1 = CS_GetPrevEntry (S, CS_GetEntryIndex (S, E2->JumpTo->Owner));
578 /* There is no such entry */
582 /* Get the entry preceeding the jump */
583 E1 = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
585 /* Check if both preceeding instructions are identical */
586 if (!CodeEntriesAreEqual (E1, T1)) {
587 /* Not equal, try next */
591 /* Get the label for the instruction preceeding the jump target.
592 * This routine will create a new label if the instruction does
593 * not already have one.
595 TL1 = CS_GenLabel (S, T1);
597 /* Change the jump target to point to this new label */
598 CS_MoveLabelRef (S, E2, TL1);
600 /* If the instruction preceeding the jump has labels attached,
601 * move references to this label to the new label.
603 if (CE_HasLabel (E1)) {
604 CS_MoveLabels (S, E1, T1);
607 /* Remove the entry preceeding the jump */
610 /* Remember, we had changes */
620 /* Return the number of changes made */
626 unsigned OptJumpTarget2 (CodeSeg* S)
627 /* If a bcs jumps to a sec insn or a bcc jumps to clc, skip this insn, since
628 * it's job is already done.
631 unsigned Changes = 0;
633 /* Walk over the entries */
635 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
637 /* OP that may be skipped */
640 /* Jump target insn, old and new */
648 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
650 /* Check if this is a bcc insn */
651 if (E->OPC == OP65_BCC || E->OPC == OP65_JCC) {
653 } else if (E->OPC == OP65_BCS || E->OPC == OP65_JCS) {
656 /* Not what we're looking for */
660 /* Must have a jump target */
661 if (E->JumpTo == 0) {
665 /* Get the owner insn of the jump target and check if it's the one, we
666 * will skip if present.
668 T = E->JumpTo->Owner;
673 /* Get the entry following the branch target */
674 N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, CS_GetEntryIndex (S, T));
676 /* There is no such entry */
680 /* Get the label for the instruction following the jump target.
681 * This routine will create a new label if the instruction does
682 * not already have one.
684 L = CS_GenLabel (S, N);
686 /* Change the jump target to point to this new label */
687 CS_MoveLabelRef (S, E, L);
689 /* Remember that we had changes */
697 /* Return the number of changes made */
703 /*****************************************************************************/
704 /* Optimize conditional branches */
705 /*****************************************************************************/
709 unsigned OptCondBranches1 (CodeSeg* S)
710 /* Performs several optimization steps:
712 * - If an immidiate load of a register is followed by a conditional jump that
713 * is never taken because the load of the register sets the flags in such a
714 * manner, remove the conditional branch.
715 * - If the conditional branch is always taken because of the register load,
716 * replace it by a jmp.
717 * - If a conditional branch jumps around an unconditional branch, remove the
718 * conditional branch and make the jump a conditional branch with the
719 * inverse condition of the first one.
722 unsigned Changes = 0;
724 /* Walk over the entries */
726 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
732 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
734 /* Check if it's a register load */
735 if ((E->Info & OF_LOAD) != 0 && /* It's a load instruction */
736 E->AM == AM65_IMM && /* ..with immidiate addressing */
737 (E->Flags & CEF_NUMARG) != 0 && /* ..and a numeric argument. */
738 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 && /* There is a following entry */
739 (N->Info & OF_CBRA) != 0 && /* ..which is a conditional branch */
740 !CE_HasLabel (N)) { /* ..and does not have a label */
742 /* Get the branch condition */
743 bc_t BC = GetBranchCond (N->OPC);
745 /* Check the argument against the branch condition */
746 if ((BC == BC_EQ && E->Num != 0) ||
747 (BC == BC_NE && E->Num == 0) ||
748 (BC == BC_PL && (E->Num & 0x80) != 0) ||
749 (BC == BC_MI && (E->Num & 0x80) == 0)) {
751 /* Remove the conditional branch */
752 CS_DelEntry (S, I+1);
754 /* Remember, we had changes */
757 } else if ((BC == BC_EQ && E->Num == 0) ||
758 (BC == BC_NE && E->Num != 0) ||
759 (BC == BC_PL && (E->Num & 0x80) == 0) ||
760 (BC == BC_MI && (E->Num & 0x80) != 0)) {
762 /* The branch is always taken, replace it by a jump */
763 CE_ReplaceOPC (N, OP65_JMP);
765 /* Remember, we had changes */
771 if ((E->Info & OF_CBRA) != 0 && /* It's a conditional branch */
772 (L = E->JumpTo) != 0 && /* ..referencing a local label */
773 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 && /* There is a following entry */
774 (N->Info & OF_UBRA) != 0 && /* ..which is an uncond branch, */
775 !CE_HasLabel (N) && /* ..has no label attached */
776 L->Owner == CS_GetNextEntry (S, I+1)) {/* ..and jump target follows */
778 /* Replace the jump by a conditional branch with the inverse branch
779 * condition than the branch around it.
781 CE_ReplaceOPC (N, GetInverseBranch (E->OPC));
783 /* Remove the conditional branch */
786 /* Remember, we had changes */
796 /* Return the number of changes made */
802 unsigned OptCondBranches2 (CodeSeg* S)
803 /* If on entry to a "rol a" instruction the accu is zero, and a beq/bne follows,
804 * we can remove the rol and branch on the state of the carry flag.
807 unsigned Changes = 0;
810 /* Generate register info for this step */
813 /* Walk over the entries */
815 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
820 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
822 /* Check if it's a rol insn with A in accu and a branch follows */
823 if (E->OPC == OP65_ROL &&
825 E->RI->In.RegA == 0 &&
827 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
828 (N->Info & OF_ZBRA) != 0 &&
829 !RegAUsed (S, I+1)) {
831 /* Replace the branch condition */
832 switch (GetBranchCond (N->OPC)) {
833 case BC_EQ: CE_ReplaceOPC (N, OP65_JCC); break;
834 case BC_NE: CE_ReplaceOPC (N, OP65_JCS); break;
835 default: Internal ("Unknown branch condition in OptCondBranches2");
838 /* Delete the rol insn */
841 /* Remember, we had changes */
849 /* Free register info */
852 /* Return the number of changes made */
858 /*****************************************************************************/
859 /* Remove unused loads and stores */
860 /*****************************************************************************/
864 unsigned OptUnusedLoads (CodeSeg* S)
865 /* Remove loads of registers where the value loaded is not used later. */
867 unsigned Changes = 0;
869 /* Walk over the entries */
871 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
876 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
878 /* Check if it's a register load or transfer insn */
879 if ((E->Info & (OF_LOAD | OF_XFR | OF_REG_INCDEC)) != 0 &&
880 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
881 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) {
883 /* Check which sort of load or transfer it is */
890 case OP65_TYA: R = REG_A; break;
894 case OP65_TAX: R = REG_X; break;
898 case OP65_TAY: R = REG_Y; break;
899 default: goto NextEntry; /* OOPS */
902 /* Get register usage and check if the register value is used later */
903 if ((GetRegInfo (S, I+1, R) & R) == 0) {
905 /* Register value is not used, remove the load */
908 /* Remember, we had changes. Account the deleted entry in I. */
921 /* Return the number of changes made */
927 unsigned OptUnusedStores (CodeSeg* S)
928 /* Remove stores into zero page registers that aren't used later */
930 unsigned Changes = 0;
932 /* Walk over the entries */
934 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
937 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
939 /* Check if it's a register load or transfer insn */
940 if ((E->Info & OF_STORE) != 0 &&
942 (E->Chg & REG_ZP) != 0) {
944 /* Check for the zero page location. We know that there cannot be
945 * more than one zero page location involved in the store.
947 unsigned R = E->Chg & REG_ZP;
949 /* Get register usage and check if the register value is used later */
950 if ((GetRegInfo (S, I+1, R) & R) == 0) {
952 /* Register value is not used, remove the load */
955 /* Remember, we had changes */
958 /* Continue with next insn */
968 /* Return the number of changes made */
974 unsigned OptDupLoads (CodeSeg* S)
975 /* Remove loads of registers where the value loaded is already in the register. */
977 unsigned Changes = 0;
980 /* Generate register info for this step */
983 /* Walk over the entries */
985 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
990 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
992 /* Assume we won't delete the entry */
995 /* Get a pointer to the input registers of the insn */
996 const RegContents* In = &E->RI->In;
998 /* Handle the different instructions */
1002 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegA) && /* Value of A is known */
1003 CE_IsKnownImm (E, In->RegA) && /* Value to be loaded is known */
1004 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 && /* There is a next entry */
1005 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) { /* Which does not use the flags */
1011 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegX) && /* Value of X is known */
1012 CE_IsKnownImm (E, In->RegX) && /* Value to be loaded is known */
1013 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 && /* There is a next entry */
1014 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) { /* Which does not use the flags */
1020 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegY) && /* Value of Y is known */
1021 CE_IsKnownImm (E, In->RegY) && /* Value to be loaded is known */
1022 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 && /* There is a next entry */
1023 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) { /* Which does not use the flags */
1029 /* If we store into a known zero page location, and this
1030 * location does already contain the value to be stored,
1033 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegA) && /* Value of A is known */
1034 E->AM == AM65_ZP && /* Store into zp */
1035 In->RegA == ZPRegVal (E->Chg, In)) { /* Value identical */
1042 /* If we store into a known zero page location, and this
1043 * location does already contain the value to be stored,
1046 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegX) && /* Value of A is known */
1047 E->AM == AM65_ZP && /* Store into zp */
1048 In->RegX == ZPRegVal (E->Chg, In)) { /* Value identical */
1052 /* If the value in the X register is known and the same as
1053 * that in the A register, replace the store by a STA. The
1054 * optimizer will then remove the load instruction for X
1055 * later. STX does support the zeropage,y addressing mode,
1056 * so be sure to check for that.
1058 } else if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegX) &&
1059 In->RegX == In->RegA &&
1060 E->AM != AM65_ABSY &&
1061 E->AM != AM65_ZPY) {
1062 /* Use the A register instead */
1063 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_STA);
1068 /* If we store into a known zero page location, and this
1069 * location does already contain the value to be stored,
1072 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegY) && /* Value of Y is known */
1073 E->AM == AM65_ZP && /* Store into zp */
1074 In->RegY == ZPRegVal (E->Chg, In)) { /* Value identical */
1078 /* If the value in the Y register is known and the same as
1079 * that in the A register, replace the store by a STA. The
1080 * optimizer will then remove the load instruction for Y
1081 * later. If replacement by A is not possible try a
1082 * replacement by X, but check for invalid addressing modes
1085 } else if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegY)) {
1086 if (In->RegY == In->RegA) {
1087 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_STA);
1088 } else if (In->RegY == In->RegX &&
1089 E->AM != AM65_ABSX &&
1090 E->AM != AM65_ZPX) {
1091 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_STX);
1097 /* If we store into a known zero page location, and this
1098 * location does already contain the value to be stored,
1101 if ((CPUIsets[CPU] & CPU_ISET_65SC02) != 0 && E->AM == AM65_ZP) {
1102 if (ZPRegVal (E->Chg, In) == 0) {
1109 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegA) &&
1110 In->RegA == In->RegX &&
1111 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1112 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) {
1113 /* Value is identical and not followed by a branch */
1119 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegA) &&
1120 In->RegA == In->RegY &&
1121 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1122 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) {
1123 /* Value is identical and not followed by a branch */
1129 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegX) &&
1130 In->RegX == In->RegA &&
1131 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1132 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) {
1133 /* Value is identical and not followed by a branch */
1139 if (RegValIsKnown (In->RegY) &&
1140 In->RegY == In->RegA &&
1141 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1142 !CE_UseLoadFlags (N)) {
1143 /* Value is identical and not followed by a branch */
1153 /* Delete the entry if requested */
1156 /* Register value is not used, remove the load */
1159 /* Remember, we had changes */
1171 /* Free register info */
1174 /* Return the number of changes made */
1180 unsigned OptStoreLoad (CodeSeg* S)
1181 /* Remove a store followed by a load from the same location. */
1183 unsigned Changes = 0;
1185 /* Walk over the entries */
1187 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1192 /* Get next entry */
1193 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1195 /* Check if it is a store instruction followed by a load from the
1196 * same address which is itself not followed by a conditional branch.
1198 if ((E->Info & OF_STORE) != 0 &&
1199 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1202 ((E->OPC == OP65_STA && N->OPC == OP65_LDA) ||
1203 (E->OPC == OP65_STX && N->OPC == OP65_LDX) ||
1204 (E->OPC == OP65_STY && N->OPC == OP65_LDY)) &&
1205 strcmp (E->Arg, N->Arg) == 0 &&
1206 (X = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I+1)) != 0 &&
1207 !CE_UseLoadFlags (X)) {
1209 /* Register has already the correct value, remove the load */
1210 CS_DelEntry (S, I+1);
1212 /* Remember, we had changes */
1222 /* Return the number of changes made */
1228 unsigned OptTransfers1 (CodeSeg* S)
1229 /* Remove transfers from one register to another and back */
1231 unsigned Changes = 0;
1233 /* Walk over the entries */
1235 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1241 /* Get next entry */
1242 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1244 /* Check if we have two transfer instructions */
1245 if ((E->Info & OF_XFR) != 0 &&
1246 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1248 (N->Info & OF_XFR) != 0) {
1250 /* Check if it's a transfer and back */
1251 if ((E->OPC == OP65_TAX && N->OPC == OP65_TXA && !RegXUsed (S, I+2)) ||
1252 (E->OPC == OP65_TAY && N->OPC == OP65_TYA && !RegYUsed (S, I+2)) ||
1253 (E->OPC == OP65_TXA && N->OPC == OP65_TAX && !RegAUsed (S, I+2)) ||
1254 (E->OPC == OP65_TYA && N->OPC == OP65_TAY && !RegAUsed (S, I+2))) {
1256 /* If the next insn is a conditional branch, check if the insn
1257 * preceeding the first xfr will set the flags right, otherwise we
1258 * may not remove the sequence.
1260 if ((X = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I+1)) == 0) {
1263 if (CE_UseLoadFlags (X)) {
1265 /* No preceeding entry */
1268 P = CS_GetEntry (S, I-1);
1269 if ((P->Info & OF_SETF) == 0) {
1270 /* Does not set the flags */
1275 /* Remove both transfers */
1276 CS_DelEntry (S, I+1);
1279 /* Remember, we had changes */
1290 /* Return the number of changes made */
1296 unsigned OptTransfers2 (CodeSeg* S)
1297 /* Replace loads followed by a register transfer by a load with the second
1298 * register if possible.
1301 unsigned Changes = 0;
1303 /* Walk over the entries */
1305 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1309 /* Get next entry */
1310 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1312 /* Check if we have a load followed by a transfer where the loaded
1313 * register is not used later.
1315 if ((E->Info & OF_LOAD) != 0 &&
1316 (N = CS_GetNextEntry (S, I)) != 0 &&
1318 (N->Info & OF_XFR) != 0 &&
1319 GetRegInfo (S, I+2, E->Chg) != E->Chg) {
1323 if (E->OPC == OP65_LDA && N->OPC == OP65_TAX) {
1324 /* LDA/TAX - check for the right addressing modes */
1325 if (E->AM == AM65_IMM ||
1327 E->AM == AM65_ABS ||
1328 E->AM == AM65_ABSY) {
1330 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDX, E->AM, E->Arg, 0, N->LI);
1332 } else if (E->OPC == OP65_LDA && N->OPC == OP65_TAY) {
1333 /* LDA/TAY - check for the right addressing modes */
1334 if (E->AM == AM65_IMM ||
1336 E->AM == AM65_ZPX ||
1337 E->AM == AM65_ABS ||
1338 E->AM == AM65_ABSX) {
1340 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDY, E->AM, E->Arg, 0, N->LI);
1342 } else if (E->OPC == OP65_LDY && N->OPC == OP65_TYA) {
1343 /* LDY/TYA. LDA supports all addressing modes LDY does */
1344 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDA, E->AM, E->Arg, 0, N->LI);
1345 } else if (E->OPC == OP65_LDX && N->OPC == OP65_TXA) {
1346 /* LDX/TXA. LDA doesn't support zp,y, so we must map it to
1349 am_t AM = (E->AM == AM65_ZPY)? AM65_ABSY : E->AM;
1350 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDA, AM, E->Arg, 0, N->LI);
1353 /* If we have a load entry, add it and remove the old stuff */
1355 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+2);
1356 CS_DelEntries (S, I, 2);
1358 --I; /* Correct for one entry less */
1366 /* Return the number of changes made */
1372 unsigned OptTransfers3 (CodeSeg* S)
1373 /* Replace a register transfer followed by a store of the second register by a
1374 * store of the first register if this is possible.
1377 unsigned Changes = 0;
1378 unsigned UsedRegs = REG_NONE; /* Track used registers */
1379 unsigned Xfer = 0; /* Index of transfer insn */
1380 unsigned Store = 0; /* Index of store insn */
1381 CodeEntry* XferEntry = 0; /* Pointer to xfer insn */
1382 CodeEntry* StoreEntry = 0; /* Pointer to store insn */
1389 } State = Initialize;
1391 /* Walk over the entries. Look for a xfer instruction that is followed by
1392 * a store later, where the value of the register is not used later.
1395 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1397 /* Get next entry */
1398 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1403 /* Clear the list of used registers */
1404 UsedRegs = REG_NONE;
1408 if (E->Info & OF_XFR) {
1409 /* Found start of sequence */
1417 /* If we find a conditional jump, abort the sequence, since
1418 * handling them makes things really complicated.
1420 if (E->Info & OF_CBRA) {
1422 /* Switch back to searching */
1426 /* Does this insn use the target register of the transfer? */
1427 } else if ((E->Use & XferEntry->Chg) != 0) {
1429 /* It it's a store instruction, and the block is a basic
1430 * block, proceed. Otherwise restart
1432 if ((E->Info & OF_STORE) != 0 &&
1433 CS_IsBasicBlock (S, Xfer, I)) {
1442 /* Does this insn change the target register of the transfer? */
1443 } else if (E->Chg & XferEntry->Chg) {
1445 /* We *may* add code here to remove the transfer, but I'm
1446 * currently not sure about the consequences, so I won't
1447 * do that and bail out instead.
1452 /* Does this insn have a label? */
1453 } else if (CE_HasLabel (E)) {
1455 /* Too complex to handle - bail out */
1460 /* Track used registers */
1466 /* We are at the instruction behind the store. If the register
1467 * isn't used later, and we have an address mode match, we can
1468 * replace the transfer by a store and remove the store here.
1470 if ((GetRegInfo (S, I, XferEntry->Chg) & XferEntry->Chg) == 0 &&
1471 (StoreEntry->AM == AM65_ABS ||
1472 StoreEntry->AM == AM65_ZP) &&
1473 (StoreEntry->AM != AM65_ZP ||
1474 (StoreEntry->Chg & UsedRegs) == 0) &&
1475 !MemAccess (S, Xfer+1, Store-1, StoreEntry->Arg)) {
1477 /* Generate the replacement store insn */
1479 switch (XferEntry->OPC) {
1482 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_STX,
1490 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_STA,
1498 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_STY,
1506 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_STA,
1517 /* If we have a replacement store, change the code */
1519 /* Insert after the xfer insn */
1520 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, Xfer+1);
1522 /* Remove the xfer instead */
1523 CS_DelEntry (S, Xfer);
1525 /* Remove the final store */
1526 CS_DelEntry (S, Store);
1528 /* Correct I so we continue with the next insn */
1531 /* Remember we had changes */
1534 /* Restart after last xfer insn */
1538 /* Restart after last xfer insn */
1550 /* Return the number of changes made */
1556 unsigned OptTransfers4 (CodeSeg* S)
1557 /* Replace a load of a register followed by a transfer insn of the same register
1558 * by a load of the second register if possible.
1561 unsigned Changes = 0;
1562 unsigned Load = 0; /* Index of load insn */
1563 unsigned Xfer = 0; /* Index of transfer insn */
1564 CodeEntry* LoadEntry = 0; /* Pointer to load insn */
1565 CodeEntry* XferEntry = 0; /* Pointer to xfer insn */
1573 /* Walk over the entries. Look for a load instruction that is followed by
1577 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1579 /* Get next entry */
1580 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1585 if (E->Info & OF_LOAD) {
1586 /* Found start of sequence */
1594 /* If we find a conditional jump, abort the sequence, since
1595 * handling them makes things really complicated.
1597 if (E->Info & OF_CBRA) {
1599 /* Switch back to searching */
1603 /* Does this insn use the target register of the load? */
1604 } else if ((E->Use & LoadEntry->Chg) != 0) {
1606 /* It it's a xfer instruction, and the block is a basic
1607 * block, proceed. Otherwise restart
1609 if ((E->Info & OF_XFR) != 0 &&
1610 CS_IsBasicBlock (S, Load, I)) {
1619 /* Does this insn change the target register of the load? */
1620 } else if (E->Chg & LoadEntry->Chg) {
1622 /* We *may* add code here to remove the load, but I'm
1623 * currently not sure about the consequences, so I won't
1624 * do that and bail out instead.
1632 /* We are at the instruction behind the xfer. If the register
1633 * isn't used later, and we have an address mode match, we can
1634 * replace the transfer by a load and remove the initial load.
1636 if ((GetRegInfo (S, I, LoadEntry->Chg) & LoadEntry->Chg) == 0 &&
1637 (LoadEntry->AM == AM65_ABS ||
1638 LoadEntry->AM == AM65_ZP ||
1639 LoadEntry->AM == AM65_IMM) &&
1640 !MemAccess (S, Load+1, Xfer-1, LoadEntry->Arg)) {
1642 /* Generate the replacement load insn */
1644 switch (XferEntry->OPC) {
1648 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDA,
1656 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDX,
1664 X = NewCodeEntry (OP65_LDY,
1675 /* If we have a replacement load, change the code */
1677 /* Insert after the xfer insn */
1678 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, Xfer+1);
1680 /* Remove the xfer instead */
1681 CS_DelEntry (S, Xfer);
1683 /* Remove the initial load */
1684 CS_DelEntry (S, Load);
1686 /* Correct I so we continue with the next insn */
1689 /* Remember we had changes */
1692 /* Restart after last xfer insn */
1696 /* Restart after last xfer insn */
1708 /* Return the number of changes made */
1714 unsigned OptPushPop (CodeSeg* S)
1715 /* Remove a PHA/PLA sequence were A is not used later */
1717 unsigned Changes = 0;
1718 unsigned Push = 0; /* Index of push insn */
1719 unsigned Pop = 0; /* Index of pop insn */
1724 } State = Searching;
1726 /* Walk over the entries. Look for a push instruction that is followed by
1727 * a pop later, where the pop is not followed by an conditional branch,
1728 * and where the value of the A register is not used later on.
1729 * Look out for the following problems:
1731 * - There may be another PHA/PLA inside the sequence: Restart it.
1732 * - If the PLA has a label, all jumps to this label must be inside
1733 * the sequence, otherwise we cannot remove the PHA/PLA.
1736 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1740 /* Get next entry */
1741 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1746 if (E->OPC == OP65_PHA) {
1747 /* Found start of sequence */
1754 if (E->OPC == OP65_PHA) {
1755 /* Inner push/pop, restart */
1757 } else if (E->OPC == OP65_PLA) {
1758 /* Found a matching pop */
1760 /* Check that the block between Push and Pop is a basic
1761 * block (one entry, one exit). Otherwise ignore it.
1763 if (CS_IsBasicBlock (S, Push, Pop)) {
1766 /* Go into searching mode again */
1773 /* We're at the instruction after the PLA.
1774 * Check for the following conditions:
1775 * - If this instruction is a store of A, and A is not used
1776 * later, we may replace the PHA by the store and remove
1777 * pla if several other conditions are met.
1778 * - If this instruction is not a conditional branch, and A
1779 * is unused later, we may remove PHA and PLA.
1781 if (E->OPC == OP65_STA &&
1782 !RegAUsed (S, I+1) &&
1783 !MemAccess (S, Push+1, Pop-1, E->Arg)) {
1785 /* Insert a STA after the PHA */
1786 X = NewCodeEntry (E->OPC, E->AM, E->Arg, E->JumpTo, E->LI);
1787 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, Push+1);
1789 /* Remove the PHA instead */
1790 CS_DelEntry (S, Push);
1792 /* Remove the PLA/STA sequence */
1793 CS_DelEntries (S, Pop, 2);
1795 /* Correct I so we continue with the next insn */
1798 /* Remember we had changes */
1801 } else if ((E->Info & OF_CBRA) == 0 &&
1804 /* We can remove the PHA and PLA instructions */
1805 CS_DelEntry (S, Pop);
1806 CS_DelEntry (S, Push);
1808 /* Correct I so we continue with the next insn */
1811 /* Remember we had changes */
1815 /* Go into search mode again */
1825 /* Return the number of changes made */
1831 unsigned OptPrecalc (CodeSeg* S)
1832 /* Replace immediate operations with the accu where the current contents are
1833 * known by a load of the final value.
1836 unsigned Changes = 0;
1839 /* Generate register info for this step */
1842 /* Walk over the entries */
1844 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1846 /* Get next entry */
1847 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1849 /* Get pointers to the input and output registers of the insn */
1850 const RegContents* Out = &E->RI->Out;
1851 const RegContents* In = &E->RI->In;
1853 /* Argument for LDn and flag */
1854 const char* Arg = 0;
1855 opc_t OPC = OP65_LDA;
1857 /* Handle the different instructions */
1861 if (E->AM != AM65_IMM && RegValIsKnown (Out->RegA)) {
1862 /* Result of load is known */
1863 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegA);
1868 if (E->AM != AM65_IMM && RegValIsKnown (Out->RegX)) {
1869 /* Result of load is known but register is X */
1870 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegX);
1876 if (E->AM != AM65_IMM && RegValIsKnown (Out->RegY)) {
1877 /* Result of load is known but register is Y */
1878 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegY);
1886 if (RegValIsKnown (Out->RegA)) {
1887 /* Accu op zp with known contents */
1888 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegA);
1894 /* If this is an operation with an immediate operand of zero,
1895 * and the register is zero, the operation won't give us any
1896 * results we don't already have (including the flags), so
1897 * remove it. Something like this is generated as a result of
1898 * a compare where parts of the values are known to be zero.
1900 if (In->RegA == 0 && CE_IsKnownImm (E, 0x00)) {
1901 /* 0-0 or 0+0 -> remove */
1904 } else if (RegValIsKnown (Out->RegA)) {
1905 /* Accu op zp with known contents */
1906 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegA);
1911 if (CE_IsKnownImm (E, 0xFF)) {
1912 /* AND with 0xFF, remove */
1915 } else if (CE_IsKnownImm (E, 0x00)) {
1916 /* AND with 0x00, replace by lda #$00 */
1917 Arg = MakeHexArg (0x00);
1918 } else if (RegValIsKnown (Out->RegA)) {
1919 /* Accu AND zp with known contents */
1920 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegA);
1921 } else if (In->RegA == 0xFF) {
1922 /* AND but A contains 0xFF - replace by lda */
1923 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_LDA);
1929 if (CE_IsKnownImm (E, 0x00)) {
1930 /* ORA with zero, remove */
1933 } else if (CE_IsKnownImm (E, 0xFF)) {
1934 /* ORA with 0xFF, replace by lda #$ff */
1935 Arg = MakeHexArg (0xFF);
1936 } else if (RegValIsKnown (Out->RegA)) {
1937 /* Accu AND zp with known contents */
1938 Arg = MakeHexArg (Out->RegA);
1939 } else if (In->RegA == 0) {
1940 /* ORA but A contains 0x00 - replace by lda */
1941 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_LDA);
1951 /* Check if we have to replace the insn by LDA */
1953 CodeEntry* X = NewCodeEntry (OPC, AM65_IMM, Arg, 0, E->LI);
1954 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
1963 /* Free register info */
1966 /* Return the number of changes made */
1972 /*****************************************************************************/
1973 /* Optimize branch types */
1974 /*****************************************************************************/
1978 unsigned OptBranchDist (CodeSeg* S)
1979 /* Change branches for the distance needed. */
1981 unsigned Changes = 0;
1983 /* Walk over the entries */
1985 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
1987 /* Get next entry */
1988 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
1990 /* Check if it's a conditional branch to a local label. */
1991 if (E->Info & OF_CBRA) {
1993 /* Is this a branch to a local symbol? */
1994 if (E->JumpTo != 0) {
1996 /* Check if the branch distance is short */
1997 int IsShort = IsShortDist (GetBranchDist (S, I, E->JumpTo->Owner));
1999 /* Make the branch short/long according to distance */
2000 if ((E->Info & OF_LBRA) == 0 && !IsShort) {
2001 /* Short branch but long distance */
2002 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, MakeLongBranch (E->OPC));
2004 } else if ((E->Info & OF_LBRA) != 0 && IsShort) {
2005 /* Long branch but short distance */
2006 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, MakeShortBranch (E->OPC));
2010 } else if ((E->Info & OF_LBRA) == 0) {
2012 /* Short branch to external symbol - make it long */
2013 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, MakeLongBranch (E->OPC));
2018 } else if ((CPUIsets[CPU] & CPU_ISET_65SC02) != 0 &&
2019 (E->Info & OF_UBRA) != 0 &&
2021 IsShortDist (GetBranchDist (S, I, E->JumpTo->Owner))) {
2023 /* The jump is short and may be replaced by a BRA on the 65C02 CPU */
2024 CE_ReplaceOPC (E, OP65_BRA);
2033 /* Return the number of changes made */
2039 /*****************************************************************************/
2040 /* Optimize indirect loads */
2041 /*****************************************************************************/
2045 unsigned OptIndLoads1 (CodeSeg* S)
2054 * provided that x and y are both zero.
2057 unsigned Changes = 0;
2060 /* Generate register info for this step */
2063 /* Walk over the entries */
2065 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
2067 /* Get next entry */
2068 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
2070 /* Check if it's what we're looking for */
2071 if (E->OPC == OP65_LDA &&
2072 E->AM == AM65_ZP_INDY &&
2073 E->RI->In.RegY == 0 &&
2074 E->RI->In.RegX == 0) {
2076 /* Replace by the same insn with other addressing mode */
2077 CodeEntry* X = NewCodeEntry (E->OPC, AM65_ZPX_IND, E->Arg, 0, E->LI);
2078 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
2080 /* Remove the old insn */
2090 /* Free register info */
2093 /* Return the number of changes made */
2099 unsigned OptIndLoads2 (CodeSeg* S)
2108 * provided that x and y are both zero.
2111 unsigned Changes = 0;
2114 /* Generate register info for this step */
2117 /* Walk over the entries */
2119 while (I < CS_GetEntryCount (S)) {
2121 /* Get next entry */
2122 CodeEntry* E = CS_GetEntry (S, I);
2124 /* Check if it's what we're looking for */
2125 if (E->OPC == OP65_LDA &&
2126 E->AM == AM65_ZPX_IND &&
2127 E->RI->In.RegY == 0 &&
2128 E->RI->In.RegX == 0) {
2130 /* Replace by the same insn with other addressing mode */
2131 CodeEntry* X = NewCodeEntry (E->OPC, AM65_ZP_INDY, E->Arg, 0, E->LI);
2132 CS_InsertEntry (S, X, I+1);
2134 /* Remove the old insn */
2144 /* Free register info */
2147 /* Return the number of changes made */