1 /***************************************************************************
2 * Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath <Dominic.Rath@gmx.de> *
3 * Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Øyvind Harboe <oyvind.harboe@zylin.com> *
4 * Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk> *
5 * Copyright (C) 2009 Zachary T Welch <zw@superlucidity.net> *
6 * Copyright (C) 2010 by Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com> *
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
10 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
11 * (at your option) any later version. *
13 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
14 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
15 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
16 * GNU General Public License for more details. *
18 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
19 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
20 ***************************************************************************/
25 #include <flash/common.h>
26 #include <flash/nor/core.h>
27 #include <flash/nor/imp.h>
28 #include <target/image.h>
32 * Upper level of NOR flash framework.
33 * The lower level interfaces are to drivers. These upper level ones
34 * primarily support access from Tcl scripts or from GDB.
37 static struct flash_bank *flash_banks;
39 int flash_driver_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
43 retval = bank->driver->erase(bank, first, last);
44 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
45 LOG_ERROR("failed erasing sectors %d to %d", first, last);
50 int flash_driver_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, int first, int last)
54 /* callers may not supply illegal parameters ... */
55 if (first < 0 || first > last || last >= bank->num_sectors) {
56 LOG_ERROR("illegal sector range");
60 /* force "set" to 0/1 */
65 * We must not use any cached information about protection state!!!!
67 * There are a million things that could change the protect state:
69 * the target could have reset, power cycled, been hot plugged,
70 * the application could have run, etc.
72 * Drivers only receive valid sector range.
74 retval = bank->driver->protect(bank, set, first, last);
75 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
76 LOG_ERROR("failed setting protection for areas %d to %d", first, last);
81 int flash_driver_write(struct flash_bank *bank,
82 uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
86 retval = bank->driver->write(bank, buffer, offset, count);
87 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
89 "error writing to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
97 int flash_driver_read(struct flash_bank *bank,
98 uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
102 LOG_DEBUG("call flash_driver_read()");
104 retval = bank->driver->read(bank, buffer, offset, count);
105 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
107 "error reading to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
115 int default_flash_read(struct flash_bank *bank,
116 uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
118 return target_read_buffer(bank->target, offset + bank->base, count, buffer);
121 void flash_bank_add(struct flash_bank *bank)
123 /* put flash bank in linked list */
124 unsigned bank_num = 0;
126 /* find last flash bank */
127 struct flash_bank *p = flash_banks;
128 while (NULL != p->next) {
137 bank->bank_number = bank_num;
140 struct flash_bank *flash_bank_list(void)
145 struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(int num)
147 struct flash_bank *p;
150 for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next) {
154 LOG_ERROR("flash bank %d does not exist", num);
158 int flash_get_bank_count(void)
160 struct flash_bank *p;
162 for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next)
167 struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(const char *name)
169 unsigned requested = get_flash_name_index(name);
172 struct flash_bank *bank;
173 for (bank = flash_banks; NULL != bank; bank = bank->next) {
174 if (strcmp(bank->name, name) == 0)
176 if (!flash_driver_name_matches(bank->driver->name, name))
178 if (++found < requested)
185 int get_flash_bank_by_name(const char *name, struct flash_bank **bank_result)
187 struct flash_bank *bank;
190 bank = get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(name);
192 retval = bank->driver->auto_probe(bank);
194 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
195 LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
204 int get_flash_bank_by_num(int num, struct flash_bank **bank)
206 struct flash_bank *p = get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(num);
212 retval = p->driver->auto_probe(p);
214 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
215 LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
222 /* lookup flash bank by address, bank not found is success, but
223 * result_bank is set to NULL. */
224 int get_flash_bank_by_addr(struct target *target,
227 struct flash_bank **result_bank)
229 struct flash_bank *c;
231 /* cycle through bank list */
232 for (c = flash_banks; c; c = c->next) {
233 if (c->target != target)
237 retval = c->driver->auto_probe(c);
239 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
240 LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
243 /* check whether address belongs to this flash bank */
244 if ((addr >= c->base) && (addr <= c->base + (c->size - 1))) {
251 LOG_ERROR("No flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32, addr);
257 static int default_flash_mem_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
259 struct target *target = bank->target;
260 const int buffer_size = 1024;
263 int retval = ERROR_OK;
265 if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
266 LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
267 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
270 uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffer_size);
272 for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
274 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
276 for (j = 0; j < bank->sectors[i].size; j += buffer_size) {
279 if (chunk > (j - bank->sectors[i].size))
280 chunk = (j - bank->sectors[i].size);
282 retval = target_read_memory(target,
283 bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset + j,
287 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
290 for (nBytes = 0; nBytes < chunk; nBytes++) {
291 if (buffer[nBytes] != bank->erased_value) {
292 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
305 int default_flash_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
307 struct target *target = bank->target;
313 if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
314 LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
315 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
318 for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
319 uint32_t address = bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset;
320 uint32_t size = bank->sectors[i].size;
322 retval = target_blank_check_memory(target, address, size, &blank, bank->erased_value);
323 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
327 if (blank == bank->erased_value)
328 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
330 bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
335 LOG_USER("Running slow fallback erase check - add working memory");
336 return default_flash_mem_blank_check(bank);
342 /* Manipulate given flash region, selecting the bank according to target
343 * and address. Maps an address range to a set of sectors, and issues
344 * the callback() on that set ... e.g. to erase or unprotect its members.
346 * Parameter iterate_protect_blocks switches iteration of protect block
347 * instead of erase sectors. If there is no protect blocks array, sectors
348 * are used in iteration, so compatibility for old flash drivers is retained.
350 * The "pad_reason" parameter is a kind of boolean: when it's NULL, the
351 * range must fit those sectors exactly. This is clearly safe; it can't
352 * erase data which the caller said to leave alone, for example. If it's
353 * non-NULL, rather than failing, extra data in the first and/or last
354 * sectors will be added to the range, and that reason string is used when
355 * warning about those additions.
357 static int flash_iterate_address_range_inner(struct target *target,
358 char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
359 bool iterate_protect_blocks,
360 int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
362 struct flash_bank *c;
363 struct flash_sector *block_array;
364 uint32_t last_addr = addr + length; /* first address AFTER end */
370 int retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &c);
371 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
374 if (c->size == 0 || c->num_sectors == 0) {
375 LOG_ERROR("Bank is invalid");
376 return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
380 /* special case, erase whole bank when length is zero */
381 if (addr != c->base) {
382 LOG_ERROR("Whole bank access must start at beginning of bank.");
383 return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
386 return callback(c, 0, c->num_sectors - 1);
389 /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
390 if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
391 LOG_ERROR("Flash access does not fit into bank.");
392 return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
396 last_addr -= c->base;
398 if (iterate_protect_blocks && c->prot_blocks && c->num_prot_blocks) {
399 block_array = c->prot_blocks;
400 num_blocks = c->num_prot_blocks;
402 block_array = c->sectors;
403 num_blocks = c->num_sectors;
404 iterate_protect_blocks = false;
408 for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
409 struct flash_sector *f = &block_array[i];
410 uint32_t end = f->offset + f->size;
412 /* start only on a sector boundary */
414 /* scanned past the first sector? */
415 if (addr < f->offset)
418 /* is this the first sector? */
419 if (addr == f->offset)
422 /* Does this need head-padding? If so, pad and warn;
423 * or else force an error.
425 * Such padding can make trouble, since *WE* can't
426 * ever know if that data was in use. The warning
427 * should help users sort out messes later.
429 else if (addr < end && pad_reason) {
430 /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
431 LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
434 (unsigned) f->offset,
435 (unsigned) addr - 1);
441 /* is this (also?) the last sector? */
442 if (last_addr == end) {
447 /* Does this need tail-padding? If so, pad and warn;
448 * or else force an error.
450 if (last_addr < end && pad_reason) {
451 /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
452 LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
455 (unsigned) last_addr,
461 /* MUST finish on a sector boundary */
462 if (last_addr <= f->offset)
466 /* invalid start or end address? */
467 if (first == -1 || last == -1) {
468 LOG_ERROR("address range 0x%8.8x .. 0x%8.8x "
469 "is not sector-aligned",
470 (unsigned) (c->base + addr),
471 (unsigned) (c->base + last_addr - 1));
472 return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
475 /* The NOR driver may trim this range down, based on what
476 * sectors are already erased/unprotected. GDB currently
477 * blocks such optimizations.
479 return callback(c, first, last);
482 /* The inner fn only handles a single bank, we could be spanning
485 static int flash_iterate_address_range(struct target *target,
486 char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
487 bool iterate_protect_blocks,
488 int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
490 struct flash_bank *c;
491 int retval = ERROR_OK;
493 /* Danger! zero-length iterations means entire bank! */
495 retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &c);
496 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
499 uint32_t cur_length = length;
500 /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
501 if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
502 LOG_DEBUG("iterating over more than one flash bank.");
503 cur_length = c->base + c->size - addr;
505 retval = flash_iterate_address_range_inner(target,
506 pad_reason, addr, cur_length,
507 iterate_protect_blocks,
509 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
512 length -= cur_length;
514 } while (length > 0);
519 int flash_erase_address_range(struct target *target,
520 bool pad, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
522 return flash_iterate_address_range(target, pad ? "erase" : NULL,
523 addr, length, false, &flash_driver_erase);
526 static int flash_driver_unprotect(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
528 return flash_driver_protect(bank, 0, first, last);
531 int flash_unlock_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
533 /* By default, pad to sector boundaries ... the real issue here
534 * is that our (only) caller *permanently* removes protection,
535 * and doesn't restore it.
537 return flash_iterate_address_range(target, "unprotect",
538 addr, length, true, &flash_driver_unprotect);
541 static int compare_section(const void *a, const void *b)
543 struct imagesection *b1, *b2;
544 b1 = *((struct imagesection **)a);
545 b2 = *((struct imagesection **)b);
547 if (b1->base_address == b2->base_address)
549 else if (b1->base_address > b2->base_address)
555 int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
556 uint32_t *written, int erase, bool unlock)
558 int retval = ERROR_OK;
561 uint32_t section_offset;
562 struct flash_bank *c;
572 /* assume all sectors need erasing - stops any problems
573 * when flash_write is called multiple times */
578 /* allocate padding array */
579 padding = calloc(image->num_sections, sizeof(*padding));
581 /* This fn requires all sections to be in ascending order of addresses,
582 * whereas an image can have sections out of order. */
583 struct imagesection **sections = malloc(sizeof(struct imagesection *) *
584 image->num_sections);
586 for (i = 0; i < image->num_sections; i++)
587 sections[i] = &image->sections[i];
589 qsort(sections, image->num_sections, sizeof(struct imagesection *),
592 /* loop until we reach end of the image */
593 while (section < image->num_sections) {
594 uint32_t buffer_size;
597 uint32_t run_address = sections[section]->base_address + section_offset;
598 uint32_t run_size = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
601 if (sections[section]->size == 0) {
602 LOG_WARNING("empty section %d", section);
608 /* find the corresponding flash bank */
609 retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, run_address, false, &c);
610 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
613 LOG_WARNING("no flash bank found for address %" PRIx32, run_address);
614 section++; /* and skip it */
619 /* collect consecutive sections which fall into the same bank */
620 section_last = section;
621 padding[section] = 0;
622 while ((run_address + run_size - 1 < c->base + c->size - 1) &&
623 (section_last + 1 < image->num_sections)) {
624 /* sections are sorted */
625 assert(sections[section_last + 1]->base_address >= c->base);
626 if (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address >= (c->base + c->size)) {
627 /* Done with this bank */
631 /* FIXME This needlessly touches sectors BETWEEN the
632 * sections it's writing. Without auto erase, it just
633 * writes ones. That WILL INVALIDATE data in cases
634 * like Stellaris Tempest chips, corrupting internal
635 * ECC codes; and at least FreeScale suggests issues
636 * with that approach (in HC11 documentation).
638 * With auto erase enabled, data in those sectors will
639 * be needlessly destroyed; and some of the limited
640 * number of flash erase cycles will be wasted...
642 * In both cases, the extra writes slow things down.
645 /* if we have multiple sections within our image,
646 * flash programming could fail due to alignment issues
647 * attempt to rebuild a consecutive buffer for the flash loader */
648 pad_bytes = (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address) - (run_address + run_size);
649 padding[section_last] = pad_bytes;
650 run_size += sections[++section_last]->size;
651 run_size += pad_bytes;
654 LOG_INFO("Padding image section %d with %d bytes",
659 if (run_address + run_size - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
660 /* If we have more than one flash chip back to back, then we limit
661 * the current write operation to the current chip.
663 LOG_DEBUG("Truncate flash run size to the current flash chip.");
665 run_size = c->base + c->size - run_address;
666 assert(run_size > 0);
669 /* If we're applying any sector automagic, then pad this
670 * (maybe-combined) segment to the end of its last sector.
672 if (unlock || erase) {
674 uint32_t offset_start = run_address - c->base;
675 uint32_t offset_end = offset_start + run_size;
676 uint32_t end = offset_end, delta;
678 for (sector = 0; sector < c->num_sectors; sector++) {
679 end = c->sectors[sector].offset
680 + c->sectors[sector].size;
681 if (offset_end <= end)
685 delta = end - offset_end;
686 padding[section_last] += delta;
690 /* allocate buffer */
691 buffer = malloc(run_size);
692 if (buffer == NULL) {
693 LOG_ERROR("Out of memory for flash bank buffer");
699 /* read sections to the buffer */
700 while (buffer_size < run_size) {
703 size_read = run_size - buffer_size;
704 if (size_read > sections[section]->size - section_offset)
705 size_read = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
709 * #¤%#"%¤% we have to figure out the section # from the sorted
710 * list of pointers to sections to invoke image_read_section()...
712 intptr_t diff = (intptr_t)sections[section] - (intptr_t)image->sections;
713 int t_section_num = diff / sizeof(struct imagesection);
715 LOG_DEBUG("image_read_section: section = %d, t_section_num = %d, "
716 "section_offset = %d, buffer_size = %d, size_read = %d",
717 (int)section, (int)t_section_num, (int)section_offset,
718 (int)buffer_size, (int)size_read);
719 retval = image_read_section(image, t_section_num, section_offset,
720 size_read, buffer + buffer_size, &size_read);
721 if (retval != ERROR_OK || size_read == 0) {
726 /* see if we need to pad the section */
727 while (padding[section]--)
728 (buffer + buffer_size)[size_read++] = c->default_padded_value;
730 buffer_size += size_read;
731 section_offset += size_read;
733 if (section_offset >= sections[section]->size) {
742 retval = flash_unlock_address_range(target, run_address, run_size);
743 if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
745 /* calculate and erase sectors */
746 retval = flash_erase_address_range(target,
747 true, run_address, run_size);
751 if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
752 /* write flash sectors */
753 retval = flash_driver_write(c, buffer, run_address - c->base, run_size);
758 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
759 /* abort operation */
764 *written += run_size; /* add run size to total written counter */
774 int flash_write(struct target *target, struct image *image,
775 uint32_t *written, int erase)
777 return flash_write_unlock(target, image, written, erase, false);
780 struct flash_sector *alloc_block_array(uint32_t offset, uint32_t size, int num_blocks)
784 struct flash_sector *array = calloc(num_blocks, sizeof(struct flash_sector));
788 for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
789 array[i].offset = offset;
790 array[i].size = size;
791 array[i].is_erased = -1;
792 array[i].is_protected = -1;