1 /***************************************************************************
2 * Copyright (C) 2015 by David Ung *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
7 * (at your option) any later version. *
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
12 * GNU General Public License for more details. *
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the *
16 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., *
18 ***************************************************************************/
24 #include "breakpoints.h"
27 #include "target_request.h"
28 #include "target_type.h"
29 #include "armv8_opcodes.h"
30 #include "armv8_cache.h"
31 #include <helper/time_support.h>
33 static int aarch64_poll(struct target *target);
34 static int aarch64_debug_entry(struct target *target);
35 static int aarch64_restore_context(struct target *target, bool bpwp);
36 static int aarch64_set_breakpoint(struct target *target,
37 struct breakpoint *breakpoint, uint8_t matchmode);
38 static int aarch64_set_context_breakpoint(struct target *target,
39 struct breakpoint *breakpoint, uint8_t matchmode);
40 static int aarch64_set_hybrid_breakpoint(struct target *target,
41 struct breakpoint *breakpoint);
42 static int aarch64_unset_breakpoint(struct target *target,
43 struct breakpoint *breakpoint);
44 static int aarch64_mmu(struct target *target, int *enabled);
45 static int aarch64_virt2phys(struct target *target,
46 target_addr_t virt, target_addr_t *phys);
47 static int aarch64_read_apb_ap_memory(struct target *target,
48 uint64_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
50 static int aarch64_restore_system_control_reg(struct target *target)
52 int retval = ERROR_OK;
54 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
55 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
57 if (aarch64->system_control_reg != aarch64->system_control_reg_curr) {
58 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr = aarch64->system_control_reg;
59 /* LOG_INFO("cp15_control_reg: %8.8" PRIx32, cortex_v8->cp15_control_reg); */
61 switch (armv8->arm.core_mode) {
65 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
68 aarch64->system_control_reg);
69 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
74 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
77 aarch64->system_control_reg);
78 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
83 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
86 aarch64->system_control_reg);
87 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
91 retval = armv8->arm.mcr(target, 15, 0, 0, 1, 0, aarch64->system_control_reg);
92 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
100 /* check address before aarch64_apb read write access with mmu on
101 * remove apb predictible data abort */
102 static int aarch64_check_address(struct target *target, uint32_t address)
107 /* modify system_control_reg in order to enable or disable mmu for :
108 * - virt2phys address conversion
109 * - read or write memory in phys or virt address */
110 static int aarch64_mmu_modify(struct target *target, int enable)
112 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
113 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
114 int retval = ERROR_OK;
117 /* if mmu enabled at target stop and mmu not enable */
118 if (!(aarch64->system_control_reg & 0x1U)) {
119 LOG_ERROR("trying to enable mmu on target stopped with mmu disable");
122 if (!(aarch64->system_control_reg_curr & 0x1U)) {
123 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr |= 0x1U;
124 switch (armv8->arm.core_mode) {
128 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
131 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr);
132 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
137 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
140 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr);
141 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
146 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
149 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr);
150 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
154 LOG_DEBUG("unknow cpu state 0x%x" PRIx32, armv8->arm.core_state);
158 if (aarch64->system_control_reg_curr & 0x4U) {
159 /* data cache is active */
160 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr &= ~0x4U;
161 /* flush data cache armv7 function to be called */
162 if (armv8->armv8_mmu.armv8_cache.flush_all_data_cache)
163 armv8->armv8_mmu.armv8_cache.flush_all_data_cache(target);
165 if ((aarch64->system_control_reg_curr & 0x1U)) {
166 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr &= ~0x1U;
167 switch (armv8->arm.core_mode) {
171 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
174 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr);
175 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
180 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
183 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr);
184 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
189 retval = armv8->arm.msr(target, 3, /*op 0*/
192 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr);
193 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
197 LOG_DEBUG("unknow cpu state 0x%x" PRIx32, armv8->arm.core_state);
206 * Basic debug access, very low level assumes state is saved
208 static int aarch64_init_debug_access(struct target *target)
210 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
216 /* Clear Sticky Power Down status Bit in PRSR to enable access to
217 the registers in the Core Power Domain */
218 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
219 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_PRSR, &dummy);
220 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
224 * Static CTI configuration:
225 * Channel 0 -> trigger outputs HALT request to PE
226 * Channel 1 -> trigger outputs Resume request to PE
227 * Gate all channel trigger events from entering the CTM
231 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
232 armv8->cti_base + CTI_CTR, 1);
233 /* By default, gate all channel triggers to and from the CTM */
234 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
235 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
236 armv8->cti_base + CTI_GATE, 0);
237 /* output halt requests to PE on channel 0 trigger */
238 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
239 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
240 armv8->cti_base + CTI_OUTEN0, CTI_CHNL(0));
241 /* output restart requests to PE on channel 1 trigger */
242 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
243 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
244 armv8->cti_base + CTI_OUTEN1, CTI_CHNL(1));
245 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
248 /* Resync breakpoint registers */
250 /* Since this is likely called from init or reset, update target state information*/
251 return aarch64_poll(target);
254 /* Write to memory mapped registers directly with no cache or mmu handling */
255 static int aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(struct target *target,
260 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
262 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap, address, value);
267 static int aarch64_dpm_setup(struct aarch64_common *a8, uint64_t debug)
269 struct arm_dpm *dpm = &a8->armv8_common.dpm;
272 dpm->arm = &a8->armv8_common.arm;
275 retval = armv8_dpm_setup(dpm);
276 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
277 retval = armv8_dpm_initialize(dpm);
282 static int aarch64_set_dscr_bits(struct target *target, unsigned long bit_mask, unsigned long value)
284 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
288 int retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
289 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
290 if (ERROR_OK != retval)
296 dscr |= value & bit_mask;
299 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
300 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
304 static struct target *get_aarch64(struct target *target, int32_t coreid)
306 struct target_list *head;
310 while (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
312 if ((curr->coreid == coreid) && (curr->state == TARGET_HALTED))
318 static int aarch64_halt(struct target *target);
320 static int aarch64_halt_smp(struct target *target)
322 int retval = ERROR_OK;
323 struct target_list *head = target->head;
325 while (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
326 struct target *curr = head->target;
327 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(curr);
329 /* open the gate for channel 0 to let HALT requests pass to the CTM */
331 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
332 armv8->cti_base + CTI_GATE, CTI_CHNL(0));
333 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
334 retval = aarch64_set_dscr_bits(curr, DSCR_HDE, DSCR_HDE);
336 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
342 /* halt the target PE */
343 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
344 retval = aarch64_halt(target);
349 static int update_halt_gdb(struct target *target)
352 if (target->gdb_service && target->gdb_service->core[0] == -1) {
353 target->gdb_service->target = target;
354 target->gdb_service->core[0] = target->coreid;
355 retval += aarch64_halt_smp(target);
361 * Cortex-A8 Run control
364 static int aarch64_poll(struct target *target)
366 int retval = ERROR_OK;
368 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
369 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
370 enum target_state prev_target_state = target->state;
371 /* toggle to another core is done by gdb as follow */
372 /* maint packet J core_id */
374 /* the next polling trigger an halt event sent to gdb */
375 if ((target->state == TARGET_HALTED) && (target->smp) &&
376 (target->gdb_service) &&
377 (target->gdb_service->target == NULL)) {
378 target->gdb_service->target =
379 get_aarch64(target, target->gdb_service->core[1]);
380 target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_HALTED);
383 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
384 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
385 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
387 aarch64->cpudbg_dscr = dscr;
389 if (DSCR_RUN_MODE(dscr) == 0x3) {
390 if (prev_target_state != TARGET_HALTED) {
391 /* We have a halting debug event */
392 LOG_DEBUG("Target halted");
393 target->state = TARGET_HALTED;
394 if ((prev_target_state == TARGET_RUNNING)
395 || (prev_target_state == TARGET_UNKNOWN)
396 || (prev_target_state == TARGET_RESET)) {
397 retval = aarch64_debug_entry(target);
398 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
401 retval = update_halt_gdb(target);
402 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
405 target_call_event_callbacks(target,
406 TARGET_EVENT_HALTED);
408 if (prev_target_state == TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING) {
411 retval = aarch64_debug_entry(target);
412 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
415 retval = update_halt_gdb(target);
416 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
420 target_call_event_callbacks(target,
421 TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_HALTED);
425 target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
430 static int aarch64_halt(struct target *target)
432 int retval = ERROR_OK;
434 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
437 * add HDE in halting debug mode
439 retval = aarch64_set_dscr_bits(target, DSCR_HDE, DSCR_HDE);
440 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
443 /* trigger an event on channel 0, this outputs a halt request to the PE */
444 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
445 armv8->cti_base + CTI_APPPULSE, CTI_CHNL(0));
446 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
449 long long then = timeval_ms();
451 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
452 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
453 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
455 if ((dscr & DSCRV8_HALT_MASK) != 0)
457 if (timeval_ms() > then + 1000) {
458 LOG_ERROR("Timeout waiting for halt");
463 target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ;
468 static int aarch64_internal_restore(struct target *target, int current,
469 uint64_t *address, int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
471 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
472 struct arm *arm = &armv8->arm;
476 if (!debug_execution)
477 target_free_all_working_areas(target);
479 /* current = 1: continue on current pc, otherwise continue at <address> */
480 resume_pc = buf_get_u64(arm->pc->value, 0, 64);
482 resume_pc = *address;
484 *address = resume_pc;
486 /* Make sure that the Armv7 gdb thumb fixups does not
487 * kill the return address
489 switch (arm->core_state) {
491 resume_pc &= 0xFFFFFFFC;
493 case ARM_STATE_AARCH64:
494 resume_pc &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC;
496 case ARM_STATE_THUMB:
497 case ARM_STATE_THUMB_EE:
498 /* When the return address is loaded into PC
499 * bit 0 must be 1 to stay in Thumb state
503 case ARM_STATE_JAZELLE:
504 LOG_ERROR("How do I resume into Jazelle state??");
507 LOG_DEBUG("resume pc = 0x%16" PRIx64, resume_pc);
508 buf_set_u64(arm->pc->value, 0, 64, resume_pc);
511 armv8_dpm_modeswitch(&armv8->dpm, ARM_MODE_ANY);
513 /* called it now before restoring context because it uses cpu
514 * register r0 for restoring system control register */
515 retval = aarch64_restore_system_control_reg(target);
516 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
518 retval = aarch64_restore_context(target, handle_breakpoints);
519 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
521 target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED;
522 target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
524 /* registers are now invalid */
525 register_cache_invalidate(arm->core_cache);
530 static int aarch64_internal_restart(struct target *target, bool slave_pe)
532 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
533 struct arm *arm = &armv8->arm;
537 * * Restart core and wait for it to be started. Clear ITRen and sticky
538 * * exception flags: see ARMv7 ARM, C5.9.
540 * REVISIT: for single stepping, we probably want to
541 * disable IRQs by default, with optional override...
544 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
545 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
546 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
549 if ((dscr & DSCR_ITE) == 0)
550 LOG_ERROR("DSCR InstrCompl must be set before leaving debug!");
552 /* make sure to acknowledge the halt event before resuming */
553 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
554 armv8->cti_base + CTI_INACK, CTI_TRIG(HALT));
557 * open the CTI gate for channel 1 so that the restart events
558 * get passed along to all PEs
560 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
561 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
562 armv8->cti_base + CTI_GATE, CTI_CHNL(1));
563 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
567 /* trigger an event on channel 1, generates a restart request to the PE */
568 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
569 armv8->cti_base + CTI_APPPULSE, CTI_CHNL(1));
570 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
573 long long then = timeval_ms();
575 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
576 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
577 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
579 if ((dscr & DSCR_HDE) != 0)
581 if (timeval_ms() > then + 1000) {
582 LOG_ERROR("Timeout waiting for resume");
588 target->debug_reason = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED;
589 target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
591 /* registers are now invalid */
592 register_cache_invalidate(arm->core_cache);
597 static int aarch64_restore_smp(struct target *target, int handle_breakpoints)
600 struct target_list *head;
604 while (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
606 if ((curr != target) && (curr->state != TARGET_RUNNING)) {
607 /* resume current address , not in step mode */
608 retval += aarch64_internal_restore(curr, 1, &address,
609 handle_breakpoints, 0);
610 retval += aarch64_internal_restart(curr, true);
618 static int aarch64_resume(struct target *target, int current,
619 target_addr_t address, int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
622 uint64_t addr = address;
624 /* dummy resume for smp toggle in order to reduce gdb impact */
625 if ((target->smp) && (target->gdb_service->core[1] != -1)) {
626 /* simulate a start and halt of target */
627 target->gdb_service->target = NULL;
628 target->gdb_service->core[0] = target->gdb_service->core[1];
629 /* fake resume at next poll we play the target core[1], see poll*/
630 target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED);
633 aarch64_internal_restore(target, current, &addr, handle_breakpoints,
636 target->gdb_service->core[0] = -1;
637 retval = aarch64_restore_smp(target, handle_breakpoints);
638 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
641 aarch64_internal_restart(target, false);
643 if (!debug_execution) {
644 target->state = TARGET_RUNNING;
645 target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED);
646 LOG_DEBUG("target resumed at 0x%" PRIx64, addr);
648 target->state = TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING;
649 target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_RESUMED);
650 LOG_DEBUG("target debug resumed at 0x%" PRIx64, addr);
656 static int aarch64_debug_entry(struct target *target)
658 int retval = ERROR_OK;
659 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
660 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
661 struct arm_dpm *dpm = &armv8->dpm;
662 enum arm_state core_state;
664 LOG_DEBUG("%s dscr = 0x%08" PRIx32, target_name(target), aarch64->cpudbg_dscr);
666 dpm->dscr = aarch64->cpudbg_dscr;
667 core_state = armv8_dpm_get_core_state(dpm);
668 armv8_select_opcodes(armv8, core_state == ARM_STATE_AARCH64);
669 armv8_select_reg_access(armv8, core_state == ARM_STATE_AARCH64);
671 /* make sure to clear all sticky errors */
672 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
673 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DRCR, DRCR_CSE);
674 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
677 /* Examine debug reason */
678 armv8_dpm_report_dscr(&armv8->dpm, aarch64->cpudbg_dscr);
680 /* save address of instruction that triggered the watchpoint? */
681 if (target->debug_reason == DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT) {
685 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
686 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_WFAR1,
688 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
692 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
693 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_WFAR0,
695 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
698 armv8_dpm_report_wfar(&armv8->dpm, wfar);
701 retval = armv8_dpm_read_current_registers(&armv8->dpm);
703 if (retval == ERROR_OK && armv8->post_debug_entry)
704 retval = armv8->post_debug_entry(target);
709 static int aarch64_post_debug_entry(struct target *target)
711 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
712 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
715 /* clear sticky errors */
716 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
717 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DRCR, DRCR_CSE);
719 switch (armv8->arm.core_mode) {
721 armv8_dpm_modeswitch(&armv8->dpm, ARMV8_64_EL1H);
725 retval = armv8->arm.mrs(target, 3, /*op 0*/
728 &aarch64->system_control_reg);
729 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
734 retval = armv8->arm.mrs(target, 3, /*op 0*/
737 &aarch64->system_control_reg);
738 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
743 retval = armv8->arm.mrs(target, 3, /*op 0*/
746 &aarch64->system_control_reg);
747 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
752 retval = armv8->arm.mrc(target, 15, 0, 0, 1, 0, &aarch64->system_control_reg);
753 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
758 LOG_INFO("cannot read system control register in this mode");
762 armv8_dpm_modeswitch(&armv8->dpm, ARM_MODE_ANY);
764 LOG_DEBUG("System_register: %8.8" PRIx32, aarch64->system_control_reg);
765 aarch64->system_control_reg_curr = aarch64->system_control_reg;
767 if (armv8->armv8_mmu.armv8_cache.info == -1) {
768 armv8_identify_cache(armv8);
769 armv8_read_mpidr(armv8);
772 armv8->armv8_mmu.mmu_enabled =
773 (aarch64->system_control_reg & 0x1U) ? 1 : 0;
774 armv8->armv8_mmu.armv8_cache.d_u_cache_enabled =
775 (aarch64->system_control_reg & 0x4U) ? 1 : 0;
776 armv8->armv8_mmu.armv8_cache.i_cache_enabled =
777 (aarch64->system_control_reg & 0x1000U) ? 1 : 0;
778 aarch64->curr_mode = armv8->arm.core_mode;
782 static int aarch64_step(struct target *target, int current, target_addr_t address,
783 int handle_breakpoints)
785 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
789 if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
790 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
791 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
794 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
795 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_EDECR, &edecr);
796 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
799 /* make sure EDECR.SS is not set when restoring the register */
802 /* set EDECR.SS to enter hardware step mode */
803 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
804 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_EDECR, (edecr|0x4));
805 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
808 /* disable interrupts while stepping */
809 retval = aarch64_set_dscr_bits(target, 0x3 << 22, 0x3 << 22);
810 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
813 /* resume the target */
814 retval = aarch64_resume(target, current, address, 0, 0);
815 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
818 long long then = timeval_ms();
819 while (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
820 retval = aarch64_poll(target);
821 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
823 if (timeval_ms() > then + 1000) {
824 LOG_ERROR("timeout waiting for target halt");
830 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
831 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_EDECR, edecr);
832 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
835 /* restore interrupts */
836 retval = aarch64_set_dscr_bits(target, 0x3 << 22, 0);
837 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
843 static int aarch64_restore_context(struct target *target, bool bpwp)
845 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
849 if (armv8->pre_restore_context)
850 armv8->pre_restore_context(target);
852 return armv8_dpm_write_dirty_registers(&armv8->dpm, bpwp);
857 * Cortex-A8 Breakpoint and watchpoint functions
860 /* Setup hardware Breakpoint Register Pair */
861 static int aarch64_set_breakpoint(struct target *target,
862 struct breakpoint *breakpoint, uint8_t matchmode)
867 uint8_t byte_addr_select = 0x0F;
868 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
869 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
870 struct aarch64_brp *brp_list = aarch64->brp_list;
872 if (breakpoint->set) {
873 LOG_WARNING("breakpoint already set");
877 if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) {
879 while (brp_list[brp_i].used && (brp_i < aarch64->brp_num))
881 if (brp_i >= aarch64->brp_num) {
882 LOG_ERROR("ERROR Can not find free Breakpoint Register Pair");
883 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
885 breakpoint->set = brp_i + 1;
886 if (breakpoint->length == 2)
887 byte_addr_select = (3 << (breakpoint->address & 0x02));
888 control = ((matchmode & 0x7) << 20)
890 | (byte_addr_select << 5)
892 brp_list[brp_i].used = 1;
893 brp_list[brp_i].value = breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC;
894 brp_list[brp_i].control = control;
895 bpt_value = brp_list[brp_i].value;
897 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
898 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
899 (uint32_t)(bpt_value & 0xFFFFFFFF));
900 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
902 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
903 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 4 + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
904 (uint32_t)(bpt_value >> 32));
905 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
908 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
909 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
910 brp_list[brp_i].control);
911 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
913 LOG_DEBUG("brp %i control 0x%0" PRIx32 " value 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, brp_i,
914 brp_list[brp_i].control,
915 brp_list[brp_i].value);
917 } else if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT) {
920 buf_set_u32(code, 0, 32, ARMV8_HLT(0x11));
921 retval = target_read_memory(target,
922 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
923 breakpoint->length, 1,
924 breakpoint->orig_instr);
925 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
928 armv8_cache_d_inner_flush_virt(armv8,
929 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
932 retval = target_write_memory(target,
933 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
934 breakpoint->length, 1, code);
935 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
938 armv8_cache_d_inner_flush_virt(armv8,
939 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
942 armv8_cache_i_inner_inval_virt(armv8,
943 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
946 breakpoint->set = 0x11; /* Any nice value but 0 */
949 /* Ensure that halting debug mode is enable */
950 retval = aarch64_set_dscr_bits(target, DSCR_HDE, DSCR_HDE);
951 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
952 LOG_DEBUG("Failed to set DSCR.HDE");
959 static int aarch64_set_context_breakpoint(struct target *target,
960 struct breakpoint *breakpoint, uint8_t matchmode)
962 int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
965 uint8_t byte_addr_select = 0x0F;
966 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
967 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
968 struct aarch64_brp *brp_list = aarch64->brp_list;
970 if (breakpoint->set) {
971 LOG_WARNING("breakpoint already set");
974 /*check available context BRPs*/
975 while ((brp_list[brp_i].used ||
976 (brp_list[brp_i].type != BRP_CONTEXT)) && (brp_i < aarch64->brp_num))
979 if (brp_i >= aarch64->brp_num) {
980 LOG_ERROR("ERROR Can not find free Breakpoint Register Pair");
984 breakpoint->set = brp_i + 1;
985 control = ((matchmode & 0x7) << 20)
987 | (byte_addr_select << 5)
989 brp_list[brp_i].used = 1;
990 brp_list[brp_i].value = (breakpoint->asid);
991 brp_list[brp_i].control = control;
992 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
993 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
994 brp_list[brp_i].value);
995 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
997 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
998 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
999 brp_list[brp_i].control);
1000 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1002 LOG_DEBUG("brp %i control 0x%0" PRIx32 " value 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, brp_i,
1003 brp_list[brp_i].control,
1004 brp_list[brp_i].value);
1009 static int aarch64_set_hybrid_breakpoint(struct target *target, struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
1011 int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
1012 int brp_1 = 0; /* holds the contextID pair */
1013 int brp_2 = 0; /* holds the IVA pair */
1014 uint32_t control_CTX, control_IVA;
1015 uint8_t CTX_byte_addr_select = 0x0F;
1016 uint8_t IVA_byte_addr_select = 0x0F;
1017 uint8_t CTX_machmode = 0x03;
1018 uint8_t IVA_machmode = 0x01;
1019 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1020 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
1021 struct aarch64_brp *brp_list = aarch64->brp_list;
1023 if (breakpoint->set) {
1024 LOG_WARNING("breakpoint already set");
1027 /*check available context BRPs*/
1028 while ((brp_list[brp_1].used ||
1029 (brp_list[brp_1].type != BRP_CONTEXT)) && (brp_1 < aarch64->brp_num))
1032 printf("brp(CTX) found num: %d\n", brp_1);
1033 if (brp_1 >= aarch64->brp_num) {
1034 LOG_ERROR("ERROR Can not find free Breakpoint Register Pair");
1038 while ((brp_list[brp_2].used ||
1039 (brp_list[brp_2].type != BRP_NORMAL)) && (brp_2 < aarch64->brp_num))
1042 printf("brp(IVA) found num: %d\n", brp_2);
1043 if (brp_2 >= aarch64->brp_num) {
1044 LOG_ERROR("ERROR Can not find free Breakpoint Register Pair");
1048 breakpoint->set = brp_1 + 1;
1049 breakpoint->linked_BRP = brp_2;
1050 control_CTX = ((CTX_machmode & 0x7) << 20)
1053 | (CTX_byte_addr_select << 5)
1055 brp_list[brp_1].used = 1;
1056 brp_list[brp_1].value = (breakpoint->asid);
1057 brp_list[brp_1].control = control_CTX;
1058 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1059 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_1].BRPn,
1060 brp_list[brp_1].value);
1061 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1063 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1064 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_1].BRPn,
1065 brp_list[brp_1].control);
1066 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1069 control_IVA = ((IVA_machmode & 0x7) << 20)
1072 | (IVA_byte_addr_select << 5)
1074 brp_list[brp_2].used = 1;
1075 brp_list[brp_2].value = breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC;
1076 brp_list[brp_2].control = control_IVA;
1077 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1078 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_2].BRPn,
1079 brp_list[brp_2].value & 0xFFFFFFFF);
1080 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1082 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1083 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 4 + 16 * brp_list[brp_2].BRPn,
1084 brp_list[brp_2].value >> 32);
1085 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1087 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1088 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_2].BRPn,
1089 brp_list[brp_2].control);
1090 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1096 static int aarch64_unset_breakpoint(struct target *target, struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
1099 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1100 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
1101 struct aarch64_brp *brp_list = aarch64->brp_list;
1103 if (!breakpoint->set) {
1104 LOG_WARNING("breakpoint not set");
1108 if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) {
1109 if ((breakpoint->address != 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0)) {
1110 int brp_i = breakpoint->set - 1;
1111 int brp_j = breakpoint->linked_BRP;
1112 if ((brp_i < 0) || (brp_i >= aarch64->brp_num)) {
1113 LOG_DEBUG("Invalid BRP number in breakpoint");
1116 LOG_DEBUG("rbp %i control 0x%0" PRIx32 " value 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR, brp_i,
1117 brp_list[brp_i].control, brp_list[brp_i].value);
1118 brp_list[brp_i].used = 0;
1119 brp_list[brp_i].value = 0;
1120 brp_list[brp_i].control = 0;
1121 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1122 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
1123 brp_list[brp_i].control);
1124 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1126 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1127 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
1128 (uint32_t)brp_list[brp_i].value);
1129 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1131 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1132 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 4 + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
1133 (uint32_t)brp_list[brp_i].value);
1134 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1136 if ((brp_j < 0) || (brp_j >= aarch64->brp_num)) {
1137 LOG_DEBUG("Invalid BRP number in breakpoint");
1140 LOG_DEBUG("rbp %i control 0x%0" PRIx32 " value 0x%0" PRIx64, brp_j,
1141 brp_list[brp_j].control, brp_list[brp_j].value);
1142 brp_list[brp_j].used = 0;
1143 brp_list[brp_j].value = 0;
1144 brp_list[brp_j].control = 0;
1145 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1146 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_j].BRPn,
1147 brp_list[brp_j].control);
1148 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1150 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1151 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_j].BRPn,
1152 (uint32_t)brp_list[brp_j].value);
1153 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1155 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1156 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 4 + 16 * brp_list[brp_j].BRPn,
1157 (uint32_t)brp_list[brp_j].value);
1158 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1161 breakpoint->linked_BRP = 0;
1162 breakpoint->set = 0;
1166 int brp_i = breakpoint->set - 1;
1167 if ((brp_i < 0) || (brp_i >= aarch64->brp_num)) {
1168 LOG_DEBUG("Invalid BRP number in breakpoint");
1171 LOG_DEBUG("rbp %i control 0x%0" PRIx32 " value 0x%0" PRIx64, brp_i,
1172 brp_list[brp_i].control, brp_list[brp_i].value);
1173 brp_list[brp_i].used = 0;
1174 brp_list[brp_i].value = 0;
1175 brp_list[brp_i].control = 0;
1176 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1177 + CPUV8_DBG_BCR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
1178 brp_list[brp_i].control);
1179 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1181 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1182 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
1183 brp_list[brp_i].value);
1184 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1187 retval = aarch64_dap_write_memap_register_u32(target, armv8->debug_base
1188 + CPUV8_DBG_BVR_BASE + 4 + 16 * brp_list[brp_i].BRPn,
1189 (uint32_t)brp_list[brp_i].value);
1190 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1192 breakpoint->set = 0;
1196 /* restore original instruction (kept in target endianness) */
1198 armv8_cache_d_inner_flush_virt(armv8,
1199 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
1200 breakpoint->length);
1202 if (breakpoint->length == 4) {
1203 retval = target_write_memory(target,
1204 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
1205 4, 1, breakpoint->orig_instr);
1206 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1209 retval = target_write_memory(target,
1210 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
1211 2, 1, breakpoint->orig_instr);
1212 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1216 armv8_cache_d_inner_flush_virt(armv8,
1217 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
1218 breakpoint->length);
1220 armv8_cache_i_inner_inval_virt(armv8,
1221 breakpoint->address & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE,
1222 breakpoint->length);
1224 breakpoint->set = 0;
1229 static int aarch64_add_breakpoint(struct target *target,
1230 struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
1232 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1234 if ((breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) && (aarch64->brp_num_available < 1)) {
1235 LOG_INFO("no hardware breakpoint available");
1236 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
1239 if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD)
1240 aarch64->brp_num_available--;
1242 return aarch64_set_breakpoint(target, breakpoint, 0x00); /* Exact match */
1245 static int aarch64_add_context_breakpoint(struct target *target,
1246 struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
1248 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1250 if ((breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) && (aarch64->brp_num_available < 1)) {
1251 LOG_INFO("no hardware breakpoint available");
1252 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
1255 if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD)
1256 aarch64->brp_num_available--;
1258 return aarch64_set_context_breakpoint(target, breakpoint, 0x02); /* asid match */
1261 static int aarch64_add_hybrid_breakpoint(struct target *target,
1262 struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
1264 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1266 if ((breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD) && (aarch64->brp_num_available < 1)) {
1267 LOG_INFO("no hardware breakpoint available");
1268 return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
1271 if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD)
1272 aarch64->brp_num_available--;
1274 return aarch64_set_hybrid_breakpoint(target, breakpoint); /* ??? */
1278 static int aarch64_remove_breakpoint(struct target *target, struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
1280 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1283 /* It is perfectly possible to remove breakpoints while the target is running */
1284 if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
1285 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
1286 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
1290 if (breakpoint->set) {
1291 aarch64_unset_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
1292 if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_HARD)
1293 aarch64->brp_num_available++;
1300 * Cortex-A8 Reset functions
1303 static int aarch64_assert_reset(struct target *target)
1305 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
1309 /* FIXME when halt is requested, make it work somehow... */
1311 /* Issue some kind of warm reset. */
1312 if (target_has_event_action(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT))
1313 target_handle_event(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT);
1314 else if (jtag_get_reset_config() & RESET_HAS_SRST) {
1315 /* REVISIT handle "pulls" cases, if there's
1316 * hardware that needs them to work.
1318 jtag_add_reset(0, 1);
1320 LOG_ERROR("%s: how to reset?", target_name(target));
1324 /* registers are now invalid */
1325 register_cache_invalidate(armv8->arm.core_cache);
1327 target->state = TARGET_RESET;
1332 static int aarch64_deassert_reset(struct target *target)
1338 /* be certain SRST is off */
1339 jtag_add_reset(0, 0);
1341 retval = aarch64_poll(target);
1342 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1345 if (target->reset_halt) {
1346 if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
1347 LOG_WARNING("%s: ran after reset and before halt ...",
1348 target_name(target));
1349 retval = target_halt(target);
1350 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1358 static int aarch64_write_apb_ap_memory(struct target *target,
1359 uint64_t address, uint32_t size,
1360 uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
1362 /* write memory through APB-AP */
1363 int retval = ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
1364 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
1365 struct arm_dpm *dpm = &armv8->dpm;
1366 struct arm *arm = &armv8->arm;
1367 int total_bytes = count * size;
1369 int start_byte = address & 0x3;
1370 int end_byte = (address + total_bytes) & 0x3;
1373 uint8_t *tmp_buff = NULL;
1375 LOG_DEBUG("Writing APB-AP memory address 0x%" PRIx64 " size %" PRIu32 " count%" PRIu32,
1376 address, size, count);
1377 if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
1378 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
1379 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
1382 total_u32 = DIV_ROUND_UP((address & 3) + total_bytes, 4);
1384 /* Mark register R0 as dirty, as it will be used
1385 * for transferring the data.
1386 * It will be restored automatically when exiting
1389 reg = armv8_reg_current(arm, 1);
1392 reg = armv8_reg_current(arm, 0);
1395 /* clear any abort */
1396 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1397 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DRCR, DRCR_CSE);
1398 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1402 /* This algorithm comes from DDI0487A.g, chapter J9.1 */
1404 /* The algorithm only copies 32 bit words, so the buffer
1405 * should be expanded to include the words at either end.
1406 * The first and last words will be read first to avoid
1407 * corruption if needed.
1409 tmp_buff = malloc(total_u32 * 4);
1411 if ((start_byte != 0) && (total_u32 > 1)) {
1412 /* First bytes not aligned - read the 32 bit word to avoid corrupting
1413 * the other bytes in the word.
1415 retval = aarch64_read_apb_ap_memory(target, (address & ~0x3), 4, 1, tmp_buff);
1416 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1417 goto error_free_buff_w;
1420 /* If end of write is not aligned, or the write is less than 4 bytes */
1421 if ((end_byte != 0) ||
1422 ((total_u32 == 1) && (total_bytes != 4))) {
1424 /* Read the last word to avoid corruption during 32 bit write */
1425 int mem_offset = (total_u32-1) * 4;
1426 retval = aarch64_read_apb_ap_memory(target, (address & ~0x3) + mem_offset, 4, 1, &tmp_buff[mem_offset]);
1427 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1428 goto error_free_buff_w;
1431 /* Copy the write buffer over the top of the temporary buffer */
1432 memcpy(&tmp_buff[start_byte], buffer, total_bytes);
1434 /* We now have a 32 bit aligned buffer that can be written */
1437 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1438 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1439 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1440 goto error_free_buff_w;
1442 /* Set Normal access mode */
1443 dscr = (dscr & ~DSCR_MA);
1444 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1445 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1447 if (arm->core_state == ARM_STATE_AARCH64) {
1448 /* Write X0 with value 'address' using write procedure */
1449 /* Step 1.a+b - Write the address for read access into DBGDTR_EL0 */
1450 /* Step 1.c - Copy value from DTR to R0 using instruction mrs DBGDTR_EL0, x0 */
1451 retval = dpm->instr_write_data_dcc_64(dpm,
1452 ARMV8_MRS(SYSTEM_DBG_DBGDTR_EL0, 0), address & ~0x3ULL);
1454 /* Write R0 with value 'address' using write procedure */
1455 /* Step 1.a+b - Write the address for read access into DBGDTRRX */
1456 /* Step 1.c - Copy value from DTR to R0 using instruction mrc DBGDTRTXint, r0 */
1457 dpm->instr_write_data_dcc(dpm,
1458 ARMV4_5_MRC(14, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0), address & ~0x3ULL);
1461 /* Step 1.d - Change DCC to memory mode */
1462 dscr = dscr | DSCR_MA;
1463 retval += mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1464 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1465 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1466 goto error_unset_dtr_w;
1469 /* Step 2.a - Do the write */
1470 retval = mem_ap_write_buf_noincr(armv8->debug_ap,
1471 tmp_buff, 4, total_u32, armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DTRRX);
1472 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1473 goto error_unset_dtr_w;
1475 /* Step 3.a - Switch DTR mode back to Normal mode */
1476 dscr = (dscr & ~DSCR_MA);
1477 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1478 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1479 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1480 goto error_unset_dtr_w;
1482 /* Check for sticky abort flags in the DSCR */
1483 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1484 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1485 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1486 goto error_free_buff_w;
1489 if (dscr & (DSCR_ERR | DSCR_SYS_ERROR_PEND)) {
1490 /* Abort occurred - clear it and exit */
1491 LOG_ERROR("abort occurred - dscr = 0x%08" PRIx32, dscr);
1492 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1493 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DRCR, 1<<2);
1494 armv8_dpm_handle_exception(dpm);
1495 goto error_free_buff_w;
1503 /* Unset DTR mode */
1504 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1505 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1506 dscr = (dscr & ~DSCR_MA);
1507 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1508 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1515 static int aarch64_read_apb_ap_memory(struct target *target,
1516 target_addr_t address, uint32_t size,
1517 uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
1519 /* read memory through APB-AP */
1520 int retval = ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
1521 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
1522 struct arm_dpm *dpm = &armv8->dpm;
1523 struct arm *arm = &armv8->arm;
1524 int total_bytes = count * size;
1526 int start_byte = address & 0x3;
1527 int end_byte = (address + total_bytes) & 0x3;
1530 uint8_t *tmp_buff = NULL;
1534 LOG_DEBUG("Reading APB-AP memory address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR " size %" PRIu32 " count%" PRIu32,
1535 address, size, count);
1536 if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
1537 LOG_WARNING("target not halted");
1538 return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
1541 total_u32 = DIV_ROUND_UP((address & 3) + total_bytes, 4);
1542 /* Mark register X0, X1 as dirty, as it will be used
1543 * for transferring the data.
1544 * It will be restored automatically when exiting
1547 reg = armv8_reg_current(arm, 1);
1550 reg = armv8_reg_current(arm, 0);
1553 /* clear any abort */
1554 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1555 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DRCR, DRCR_CSE);
1556 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1557 goto error_free_buff_r;
1560 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1561 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1563 /* This algorithm comes from DDI0487A.g, chapter J9.1 */
1565 /* Set Normal access mode */
1566 dscr = (dscr & ~DSCR_MA);
1567 retval += mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1568 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1570 if (arm->core_state == ARM_STATE_AARCH64) {
1571 /* Write X0 with value 'address' using write procedure */
1572 /* Step 1.a+b - Write the address for read access into DBGDTR_EL0 */
1573 /* Step 1.c - Copy value from DTR to R0 using instruction mrs DBGDTR_EL0, x0 */
1574 retval += dpm->instr_write_data_dcc_64(dpm,
1575 ARMV8_MRS(SYSTEM_DBG_DBGDTR_EL0, 0), address & ~0x3ULL);
1576 /* Step 1.d - Dummy operation to ensure EDSCR.Txfull == 1 */
1577 retval += dpm->instr_execute(dpm, ARMV8_MSR_GP(SYSTEM_DBG_DBGDTR_EL0, 0));
1578 /* Step 1.e - Change DCC to memory mode */
1579 dscr = dscr | DSCR_MA;
1580 retval += mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1581 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1582 /* Step 1.f - read DBGDTRTX and discard the value */
1583 retval += mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1584 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DTRTX, &value);
1586 /* Write R0 with value 'address' using write procedure */
1587 /* Step 1.a+b - Write the address for read access into DBGDTRRXint */
1588 /* Step 1.c - Copy value from DTR to R0 using instruction mrc DBGDTRTXint, r0 */
1589 retval += dpm->instr_write_data_dcc(dpm,
1590 ARMV4_5_MRC(14, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0), address & ~0x3ULL);
1591 /* Step 1.d - Dummy operation to ensure EDSCR.Txfull == 1 */
1592 retval += dpm->instr_execute(dpm, ARMV4_5_MCR(14, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0));
1593 /* Step 1.e - Change DCC to memory mode */
1594 dscr = dscr | DSCR_MA;
1595 retval += mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1596 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1597 /* Step 1.f - read DBGDTRTX and discard the value */
1598 retval += mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1599 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DTRTX, &value);
1602 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1603 goto error_unset_dtr_r;
1605 /* Optimize the read as much as we can, either way we read in a single pass */
1606 if ((start_byte) || (end_byte)) {
1607 /* The algorithm only copies 32 bit words, so the buffer
1608 * should be expanded to include the words at either end.
1609 * The first and last words will be read into a temp buffer
1610 * to avoid corruption
1612 tmp_buff = malloc(total_u32 * 4);
1614 goto error_unset_dtr_r;
1616 /* use the tmp buffer to read the entire data */
1617 u8buf_ptr = tmp_buff;
1619 /* address and read length are aligned so read directly into the passed buffer */
1622 /* Read the data - Each read of the DTRTX register causes the instruction to be reissued
1623 * Abort flags are sticky, so can be read at end of transactions
1625 * This data is read in aligned to 32 bit boundary.
1628 /* Step 2.a - Loop n-1 times, each read of DBGDTRTX reads the data from [X0] and
1629 * increments X0 by 4. */
1630 retval = mem_ap_read_buf_noincr(armv8->debug_ap, u8buf_ptr, 4, total_u32-1,
1631 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DTRTX);
1632 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1633 goto error_unset_dtr_r;
1635 /* Step 3.a - set DTR access mode back to Normal mode */
1636 dscr = (dscr & ~DSCR_MA);
1637 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1638 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1639 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1640 goto error_free_buff_r;
1642 /* Step 3.b - read DBGDTRTX for the final value */
1643 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1644 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DTRTX, &value);
1645 memcpy(u8buf_ptr + (total_u32-1) * 4, &value, 4);
1647 /* Check for sticky abort flags in the DSCR */
1648 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1649 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1650 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1651 goto error_free_buff_r;
1655 if (dscr & (DSCR_ERR | DSCR_SYS_ERROR_PEND)) {
1656 /* Abort occurred - clear it and exit */
1657 LOG_ERROR("abort occurred - dscr = 0x%08" PRIx32, dscr);
1658 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1659 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DRCR, DRCR_CSE);
1660 armv8_dpm_handle_exception(dpm);
1661 goto error_free_buff_r;
1664 /* check if we need to copy aligned data by applying any shift necessary */
1666 memcpy(buffer, tmp_buff + start_byte, total_bytes);
1674 /* Unset DTR mode */
1675 mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1676 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1677 dscr = (dscr & ~DSCR_MA);
1678 mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1679 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, dscr);
1686 static int aarch64_read_phys_memory(struct target *target,
1687 target_addr_t address, uint32_t size,
1688 uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
1690 int retval = ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
1691 LOG_DEBUG("Reading memory at real address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; size %" PRId32 "; count %" PRId32,
1692 address, size, count);
1694 if (count && buffer) {
1695 /* read memory through APB-AP */
1696 retval = aarch64_mmu_modify(target, 0);
1697 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1699 retval = aarch64_read_apb_ap_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
1704 static int aarch64_read_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
1705 uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
1707 int mmu_enabled = 0;
1710 /* aarch64 handles unaligned memory access */
1711 LOG_DEBUG("Reading memory at address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; size %" PRId32 "; count %" PRId32, address,
1714 /* determine if MMU was enabled on target stop */
1715 retval = aarch64_mmu(target, &mmu_enabled);
1716 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1720 retval = aarch64_check_address(target, address);
1721 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1723 /* enable MMU as we could have disabled it for phys access */
1724 retval = aarch64_mmu_modify(target, 1);
1725 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1728 return aarch64_read_apb_ap_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
1731 static int aarch64_write_phys_memory(struct target *target,
1732 target_addr_t address, uint32_t size,
1733 uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
1735 int retval = ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
1737 LOG_DEBUG("Writing memory to real address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; size %" PRId32 "; count %" PRId32, address,
1740 if (count && buffer) {
1741 /* write memory through APB-AP */
1742 retval = aarch64_mmu_modify(target, 0);
1743 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1745 return aarch64_write_apb_ap_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
1751 static int aarch64_write_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
1752 uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
1754 int mmu_enabled = 0;
1757 /* aarch64 handles unaligned memory access */
1758 LOG_DEBUG("Writing memory at address 0x%" TARGET_PRIxADDR "; size %" PRId32
1759 "; count %" PRId32, address, size, count);
1761 /* determine if MMU was enabled on target stop */
1762 retval = aarch64_mmu(target, &mmu_enabled);
1763 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1767 retval = aarch64_check_address(target, address);
1768 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1770 /* enable MMU as we could have disabled it for phys access */
1771 retval = aarch64_mmu_modify(target, 1);
1772 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1775 return aarch64_write_apb_ap_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
1778 static int aarch64_handle_target_request(void *priv)
1780 struct target *target = priv;
1781 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
1784 if (!target_was_examined(target))
1786 if (!target->dbg_msg_enabled)
1789 if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
1792 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1793 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1795 /* check if we have data */
1796 while ((dscr & DSCR_DTR_TX_FULL) && (retval == ERROR_OK)) {
1797 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1798 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DTRTX, &request);
1799 if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
1800 target_request(target, request);
1801 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1802 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DSCR, &dscr);
1810 static int aarch64_examine_first(struct target *target)
1812 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = target_to_aarch64(target);
1813 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
1814 struct adiv5_dap *swjdp = armv8->arm.dap;
1816 int retval = ERROR_OK;
1817 uint64_t debug, ttypr;
1819 uint32_t tmp0, tmp1;
1820 debug = ttypr = cpuid = 0;
1822 /* We do one extra read to ensure DAP is configured,
1823 * we call ahbap_debugport_init(swjdp) instead
1825 retval = dap_dp_init(swjdp);
1826 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1829 /* Search for the APB-AB - it is needed for access to debug registers */
1830 retval = dap_find_ap(swjdp, AP_TYPE_APB_AP, &armv8->debug_ap);
1831 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1832 LOG_ERROR("Could not find APB-AP for debug access");
1836 retval = mem_ap_init(armv8->debug_ap);
1837 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1838 LOG_ERROR("Could not initialize the APB-AP");
1842 armv8->debug_ap->memaccess_tck = 80;
1844 if (!target->dbgbase_set) {
1846 /* Get ROM Table base */
1848 int32_t coreidx = target->coreid;
1849 retval = dap_get_debugbase(armv8->debug_ap, &dbgbase, &apid);
1850 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1852 /* Lookup 0x15 -- Processor DAP */
1853 retval = dap_lookup_cs_component(armv8->debug_ap, dbgbase, 0x15,
1854 &armv8->debug_base, &coreidx);
1855 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1857 LOG_DEBUG("Detected core %" PRId32 " dbgbase: %08" PRIx32
1858 " apid: %08" PRIx32, coreidx, armv8->debug_base, apid);
1860 armv8->debug_base = target->dbgbase;
1862 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1863 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_LOCKACCESS, 0xC5ACCE55);
1864 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1865 LOG_DEBUG("LOCK debug access fail");
1869 retval = mem_ap_write_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1870 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_OSLAR, 0);
1871 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1872 LOG_DEBUG("Examine %s failed", "oslock");
1876 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1877 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_MAINID0, &cpuid);
1878 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1879 LOG_DEBUG("Examine %s failed", "CPUID");
1883 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1884 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_MEMFEATURE0, &tmp0);
1885 retval += mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1886 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_MEMFEATURE0 + 4, &tmp1);
1887 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1888 LOG_DEBUG("Examine %s failed", "Memory Model Type");
1892 ttypr = (ttypr << 32) | tmp0;
1894 retval = mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1895 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DBGFEATURE0, &tmp0);
1896 retval += mem_ap_read_atomic_u32(armv8->debug_ap,
1897 armv8->debug_base + CPUV8_DBG_DBGFEATURE0 + 4, &tmp1);
1898 if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
1899 LOG_DEBUG("Examine %s failed", "ID_AA64DFR0_EL1");
1903 debug = (debug << 32) | tmp0;
1905 LOG_DEBUG("cpuid = 0x%08" PRIx32, cpuid);
1906 LOG_DEBUG("ttypr = 0x%08" PRIx64, ttypr);
1907 LOG_DEBUG("debug = 0x%08" PRIx64, debug);
1909 if (target->ctibase == 0) {
1910 /* assume a v8 rom table layout */
1911 armv8->cti_base = target->ctibase = armv8->debug_base + 0x10000;
1912 LOG_INFO("Target ctibase is not set, assuming 0x%0" PRIx32, target->ctibase);
1914 armv8->cti_base = target->ctibase;
1916 armv8->arm.core_type = ARM_MODE_MON;
1917 retval = aarch64_dpm_setup(aarch64, debug);
1918 if (retval != ERROR_OK)
1921 /* Setup Breakpoint Register Pairs */
1922 aarch64->brp_num = (uint32_t)((debug >> 12) & 0x0F) + 1;
1923 aarch64->brp_num_context = (uint32_t)((debug >> 28) & 0x0F) + 1;
1924 aarch64->brp_num_available = aarch64->brp_num;
1925 aarch64->brp_list = calloc(aarch64->brp_num, sizeof(struct aarch64_brp));
1926 for (i = 0; i < aarch64->brp_num; i++) {
1927 aarch64->brp_list[i].used = 0;
1928 if (i < (aarch64->brp_num-aarch64->brp_num_context))
1929 aarch64->brp_list[i].type = BRP_NORMAL;
1931 aarch64->brp_list[i].type = BRP_CONTEXT;
1932 aarch64->brp_list[i].value = 0;
1933 aarch64->brp_list[i].control = 0;
1934 aarch64->brp_list[i].BRPn = i;
1937 LOG_DEBUG("Configured %i hw breakpoints", aarch64->brp_num);
1939 target_set_examined(target);
1943 static int aarch64_examine(struct target *target)
1945 int retval = ERROR_OK;
1947 /* don't re-probe hardware after each reset */
1948 if (!target_was_examined(target))
1949 retval = aarch64_examine_first(target);
1951 /* Configure core debug access */
1952 if (retval == ERROR_OK)
1953 retval = aarch64_init_debug_access(target);
1959 * Cortex-A8 target creation and initialization
1962 static int aarch64_init_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
1963 struct target *target)
1965 /* examine_first() does a bunch of this */
1969 static int aarch64_init_arch_info(struct target *target,
1970 struct aarch64_common *aarch64, struct jtag_tap *tap)
1972 struct armv8_common *armv8 = &aarch64->armv8_common;
1973 struct adiv5_dap *dap = armv8->arm.dap;
1975 armv8->arm.dap = dap;
1977 /* Setup struct aarch64_common */
1978 aarch64->common_magic = AARCH64_COMMON_MAGIC;
1979 /* tap has no dap initialized */
1981 tap->dap = dap_init();
1983 /* Leave (only) generic DAP stuff for debugport_init() */
1984 tap->dap->tap = tap;
1987 armv8->arm.dap = tap->dap;
1989 aarch64->fast_reg_read = 0;
1991 /* register arch-specific functions */
1992 armv8->examine_debug_reason = NULL;
1994 armv8->post_debug_entry = aarch64_post_debug_entry;
1996 armv8->pre_restore_context = NULL;
1998 armv8->armv8_mmu.read_physical_memory = aarch64_read_phys_memory;
2000 /* REVISIT v7a setup should be in a v7a-specific routine */
2001 armv8_init_arch_info(target, armv8);
2002 target_register_timer_callback(aarch64_handle_target_request, 1, 1, target);
2007 static int aarch64_target_create(struct target *target, Jim_Interp *interp)
2009 struct aarch64_common *aarch64 = calloc(1, sizeof(struct aarch64_common));
2011 return aarch64_init_arch_info(target, aarch64, target->tap);
2014 static int aarch64_mmu(struct target *target, int *enabled)
2016 if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
2017 LOG_ERROR("%s: target not halted", __func__);
2018 return ERROR_TARGET_INVALID;
2021 *enabled = target_to_aarch64(target)->armv8_common.armv8_mmu.mmu_enabled;
2025 static int aarch64_virt2phys(struct target *target, target_addr_t virt,
2026 target_addr_t *phys)
2028 return armv8_mmu_translate_va_pa(target, virt, phys, 1);
2031 COMMAND_HANDLER(aarch64_handle_cache_info_command)
2033 struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
2034 struct armv8_common *armv8 = target_to_armv8(target);
2036 return armv8_handle_cache_info_command(CMD_CTX,
2037 &armv8->armv8_mmu.armv8_cache);
2041 COMMAND_HANDLER(aarch64_handle_dbginit_command)
2043 struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
2044 if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
2045 LOG_ERROR("target not examined yet");
2049 return aarch64_init_debug_access(target);
2051 COMMAND_HANDLER(aarch64_handle_smp_off_command)
2053 struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
2054 /* check target is an smp target */
2055 struct target_list *head;
2056 struct target *curr;
2057 head = target->head;
2059 if (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
2060 while (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
2061 curr = head->target;
2065 /* fixes the target display to the debugger */
2066 target->gdb_service->target = target;
2071 COMMAND_HANDLER(aarch64_handle_smp_on_command)
2073 struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
2074 struct target_list *head;
2075 struct target *curr;
2076 head = target->head;
2077 if (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
2079 while (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
2080 curr = head->target;
2088 COMMAND_HANDLER(aarch64_handle_smp_gdb_command)
2090 struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
2091 int retval = ERROR_OK;
2092 struct target_list *head;
2093 head = target->head;
2094 if (head != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
2095 if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
2097 COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(int, CMD_ARGV[0], coreid);
2098 if (ERROR_OK != retval)
2100 target->gdb_service->core[1] = coreid;
2103 command_print(CMD_CTX, "gdb coreid %" PRId32 " -> %" PRId32, target->gdb_service->core[0]
2104 , target->gdb_service->core[1]);
2109 static const struct command_registration aarch64_exec_command_handlers[] = {
2111 .name = "cache_info",
2112 .handler = aarch64_handle_cache_info_command,
2113 .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
2114 .help = "display information about target caches",
2119 .handler = aarch64_handle_dbginit_command,
2120 .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
2121 .help = "Initialize core debug",
2124 { .name = "smp_off",
2125 .handler = aarch64_handle_smp_off_command,
2126 .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
2127 .help = "Stop smp handling",
2132 .handler = aarch64_handle_smp_on_command,
2133 .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
2134 .help = "Restart smp handling",
2139 .handler = aarch64_handle_smp_gdb_command,
2140 .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
2141 .help = "display/fix current core played to gdb",
2146 COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
2148 static const struct command_registration aarch64_command_handlers[] = {
2150 .chain = arm_command_handlers,
2153 .chain = armv8_command_handlers,
2157 .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
2158 .help = "Cortex-A command group",
2160 .chain = aarch64_exec_command_handlers,
2162 COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
2165 struct target_type aarch64_target = {
2168 .poll = aarch64_poll,
2169 .arch_state = armv8_arch_state,
2171 .halt = aarch64_halt,
2172 .resume = aarch64_resume,
2173 .step = aarch64_step,
2175 .assert_reset = aarch64_assert_reset,
2176 .deassert_reset = aarch64_deassert_reset,
2178 /* REVISIT allow exporting VFP3 registers ... */
2179 .get_gdb_reg_list = armv8_get_gdb_reg_list,
2181 .read_memory = aarch64_read_memory,
2182 .write_memory = aarch64_write_memory,
2184 .checksum_memory = arm_checksum_memory,
2185 .blank_check_memory = arm_blank_check_memory,
2187 .run_algorithm = armv4_5_run_algorithm,
2189 .add_breakpoint = aarch64_add_breakpoint,
2190 .add_context_breakpoint = aarch64_add_context_breakpoint,
2191 .add_hybrid_breakpoint = aarch64_add_hybrid_breakpoint,
2192 .remove_breakpoint = aarch64_remove_breakpoint,
2193 .add_watchpoint = NULL,
2194 .remove_watchpoint = NULL,
2196 .commands = aarch64_command_handlers,
2197 .target_create = aarch64_target_create,
2198 .init_target = aarch64_init_target,
2199 .examine = aarch64_examine,
2201 .read_phys_memory = aarch64_read_phys_memory,
2202 .write_phys_memory = aarch64_write_phys_memory,
2204 .virt2phys = aarch64_virt2phys,