<sect>Binary format<p>
The standard binary file format generated by the linker for the
-Apple ][ target is a binary program with a 4 byte DOS 3.3 header
-containing the load address and load length. The default load address is
-$803.
+Apple ][ target is an <url name="AppleSingle"
+url="http://kaiser-edv.de/documents/AppleSingle_AppleDouble.pdf"> file.
+The default load address is $803.
-<bf/AppleCommander 1.3.5/ or later (available at <url
-url="http://applecommander.sourceforge.net/">) includes the option <tt/-cc65/
-that allows to put binary files with a DOS 3.3 header onto disk images
-containing DOS 3.3 as well as ProDOS 8.
-
-For ProDOS 8 system programs the load address is fixed to $2000 so there
-is no need for a header. Thus the linker configuration
-<ref id="apple-sys-cfg" name="apple2-system.cfg"> for those programs
-omits the DOS 3.3 header. The right AppleCommander option to put system files
-without a header on a ProDOS 8 disk image is <tt/-p/.
+<bf/AppleCommander 1.4.0/ or later (available at <url
+url="https://applecommander.github.io/">) includes the option <tt/-as/ that
+allows to put AppleSingle files onto disk images containing DOS 3.3 as well
+as ProDOS 8.
<sect>Memory layout<p>
<tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
- <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ Executable file header</tag>
- Default: DOS 3.3 header (address and length). Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit
- the header.
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
<tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
<descrip>
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
+
+ <tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
+ Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
+ stack size.
+
+ <tag><tt/__LCADDR__:/ Address of code in the Language Card</tag>
+ Default: $D400. Use <tt/-D __LCADDR__=<addr>/ to set a different
+ code address.
+
+ <tag><tt/__LCSIZE__:/ Size of code in the Language Card</tag>
+ Default: $C00. Use <tt/-D __LCSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
+ code size.
+
+</descrip><p>
+
+
+<sect1><tt/apple2-hgr.cfg/<p>
+
+Configuration for a program including a hires page. See <tt>testcode/lib/apple/hgrtest.c</tt>
+for an example of such a program.
+
+Parameters:
+
+<descrip>
+
+ <tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
+ Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
+
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
+
<tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
stack size.
+ <tag><tt/__HIMEM__:/ Highest usable memory address presumed at link time</tag>
+ Default: $9600. Use <tt/-D __HIMEM__=<addr>/ to set a different
+ highest usable address.
+
<tag><tt/__LCADDR__:/ Address of code in the Language Card</tag>
Default: $D400. Use <tt/-D __LCADDR__=<addr>/ to set a different
code address.
<sect1><tt/apple2-overlay.cfg/<p>
-Configuration for overlay programs with the up to nine overlays. The overlay files
-don't include the DOS 3.3 header. See <tt>samples/overlaydemo.c</tt> for more
+Configuration for an overlay program with up to nine overlays. The overlay files
+don't include the AppleSingle header. See <tt>samples/overlaydemo.c</tt> for more
information on overlays.
Parameters:
<tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
- <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ Executable file header</tag>
- Default: DOS 3.3 header (address and length). Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit
- the header.
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: Yes. Use <tt/-D __EXEHDR__=0/ to omit the AppleSingle header.
<tag><tt/__STACKSIZE__:/ C runtime stack size</tag>
Default: $800. Use <tt/-D __STACKSIZE__=<size>/ to set a different
<sect1><tt/apple2-asm.cfg/<p>
-Configuration for a assembler programs which don't need a special setup.
+Configuration for an assembler program that doesn't need a special setup.
Parameters:
<tag><tt/STARTADDRESS:/ Program start address</tag>
Default: $803. Use <tt/-S <addr>/ to set a different start address.
- <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ Executable file header</tag>
- Default: No header. Use <tt/-u __EXEHDR__ apple2.lib/ to add a DOS 3.3 header
- (address and length).
+ <tag><tt/__EXEHDR__:/ AppleSingle executable file header</tag>
+ Default: No. Use <tt/-u __EXEHDR__ apple2.lib/ to add the AppleSingle header.
</descrip><p>
Using LOADER.SYSTEM is as simple as copying it to the ProDOS 8 directory of the
program to load under name <program>.SYSTEM as a system program. For
-example the program <tt/MYPROG/ is loaded by <tt/MYPROG.SYSTEM/.
+example the program <tt/MYPROG/ is loaded by <tt/MYPROG.SYSTEM/. The right
+AppleCommander option to put LOADER.SYSTEM on a ProDOS 8 disk image is <tt/-p/.
<sect1>Heap<p>
<tag/Interrupts/
There's no <tt/interruptor/ support. Any attempt to use it yields the message
'FAILED TO ALLOC INTERRUPT' on program startup. This implicitly means that
- joystick, mouse and RS232 device drivers are not functional as they depend on
- interrupts.
+ mouse and RS232 device drivers are not functional as they depend on interrupts.
</descrip><p>
</descrip><p>
-<sect1>Specifying
ProDOS File Types<p>
+<sect1>Specifying
file types for fopen<p>
<descrip>
- <tag>Problem Explanation</tag>
+ <tag>Explanation of File Types</tag>
ProDOS associates a file type and an auxiliary type with each file.
These type specifications are separate from the file's name, unlike
- Windows and UNIX-like systems which use the file name's suffix (a.k.a.
- extension) to specify the file type. For example, .exe, .doc, or .bat.
+ Windows which uses the file name's suffix (a.k.a.
+ extension) to specify the file type. For example, <tt/.exe/,
+ <tt/.doc/, or <tt/.bat/.
The ProDOS low-level
Machine-Language Interface (MLI) functions for creating and opening
files require these types to be specified. And if they don't match
auxiliary type. Therefore, some additional mechanism for specifying
the file types is needed.
- <tag>Solution</tag>
+ <tag>Specifying the File Type and Auxiliary Type</tag>
There are two global variables provided that allow the file type
and auxiliary type to be specified before a call to <tt/fopen()/
- or <tt/open/. They are defined in <tt/apple2_filetype.h/:
+ or <tt/open()/. They are defined in <tt/apple2_filetype.h/:
- <quote>
+ <tscreen>
<verb>
extern unsigned char _filetype; /* Default: PRODOS_T_BIN */
extern unsigned int _auxtype; /* Default: 0 */
</verb>
- </quote>
+ </tscreen>
The header file <tt/apple2_filetype.h/ also defines many values
that can be used to set these variables. It is included in
<tt/apple2.h/, which is in turn included in <tt/apple2enh.h/.
- So it
- not necessary to include it directly. Just
+ So it isn't necessary to include it directly. Just
include one of <tt/apple2.h/ or <tt/apple2enh.h/.
<tag>Example</tag>
length text file is referred to as a sequential text file.
This is equivalent to text files on
other operating systems, except that the line terminator is a
- carriage return instead of a new line (Linux/BSD/MacOS) or
- carriage return, new line pair (Windows).
+ carriage return instead of a line-feed (Linux/BSD/MacOS) or
+ carriage return, line-feed pair (Windows).
The "sequential" text file terminology is in contrast to a
"random-access" text file which would
<tt/_auxtype/ can also be set to <tt/PRODOS_AUX_T_TXT_SEQ/
which is defined as zero.
- <quote>
+ <tscreen>
<verb>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <apple2.h>
- void main()
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ #include <string.h>
+ #include <errno.h>
+ #include <apple2.h>
+
+ void main(void)
{
FILE *out;
char *name = "MY.FAVS";
+ /*-----------------------------*/
+
_filetype = PRODOS_T_TXT;
_auxtype = PRODOS_AUX_T_TXT_SEQ;
+ /*-----------------------------*/
+
if ((out = fopen(name, "w")) != NULL) {
fputs("Jorah Mormont\r", out);
fputs("Brienne of Tarth\r", out);
}
}
</verb>
- </quote>
+ </tscreen>
</descrip><p>
projects / cc65 / blobdiff