Set the default for the CPU type. The option takes a parameter, which
may be one of
- 6502, 65SC02, 65C02, 65816 and sunplus
+ 6502, 65SC02, 65C02, 65816, sunplus, sweet16
- The last one (sunplus) is not available in the freeware version, because the
- instruction set of the sunplus CPU is "proprietary and confidential".
+ The sunplus cpu is not available in the freeware version, because the
+ instruction set is "proprietary and confidential".
<label id="option--feature">
+<sect1>sweet16 mode<label id="sweet16-mode"><p>
+
+SWEET 16 is an interpreter for a pseudo 16 bit CPU written by Steve Wozniak
+for the Apple ][ machines. It is available in the Apple ][ ROM. ca65 can
+generate code for this pseudo CPU when switched into sweet16 mode. The
+following is special in sweet16 mode:
+
+<itemize>
+
+<item>The '@' character denotes indirect addressing and is no longer available
+for cheap local labels. If you need cheap local labels, you will have to
+switch to another lead character using the <tt/<ref id=".LOCALCHAR"
+name=".LOCALCHAR">/ command.
+
+<item>Registers are specified using <tt/R0/ .. <tt/R15/. In sweet16 mode,
+these identifiers are reserved words.
+
+</itemize>
+
+Please note that the assembler does neither supply the interpreter needed for
+SWEET 16 code, nor the zero page locations needed for the SWEET 16 registers,
+nor does it call the interpreter. All this must be done by your program. Apple
+][ programmers do probably know how to use sweet16 mode.
+
+For more information about SWEET 16, see
+<htmlurl url="http://www.6502.org/source/interpreters/sweet16.htm"
+name="http://www.6502.org/source/interpreters/sweet16.htm">.
+
+
<sect1>Number format<p>
-For literal values, the assembler accepts the widely used number formats:
-A preceeding '$' denotes a hex value, a preceeding '%' denotes a
-binary value, and a bare number is interpeted as a decimal. There are
-currently no octal values and no floats.
+For literal values, the assembler accepts the widely used number formats: A
+preceeding '$' or a trailing 'h' denotes a hex value, a preceeding '%'
+denotes a binary value, and a bare number is interpeted as a decimal. There
+are currently no octal values and no floats.
<sect1>Conditional assembly<p>
<tt/.CONDES/ is followed by the type, which may be <tt/constructor/,
<tt/destructor/ or a numeric value between 0 and 6 (where 0 is the same as
specifiying <tt/constructor/ and 1 is equal to specifying <tt/destructor/).
- The <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref
- id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> commands are actually shortcuts
- for <tt/.CONDES/ with a type of <tt/constructor/ resp. <tt/destructor/.
+ The <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt>, <tt><ref
+ id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref id=".INTERRUPTOR"
+ name=".INTERRUPTORCONSTRUCTOR"></tt>commands are actually shortcuts
+ for <tt/.CONDES/ with a type of <tt/constructor/ resp. <tt/destructor/ or
+ <tt/interruptor/.
After the type, an optional priority may be specified. Higher numeric values
mean higher priority. If no priority is given, the default priority of 7 is
.condes ModInit, 0, 16
</verb></tscreen>
- See the <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref
- id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> commands and the separate section
- <ref id="condes" name="Module constructors/destructors"> explaining the
- feature in more detail.
+ See the <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt>, <tt><ref
+ id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref id=".INTERRUPTOR"
+ name=".INTERRUPTOR"></tt>commands and the separate section <ref id="condes"
+ name="Module constructors/destructors"> explaining the feature in more
+ detail.
<sect1><tt>.CONSTRUCTOR</tt><label id=".CONSTRUCTOR"><p>
In addition to that, a start offset and a size value may be specified,
separated by commas. If no size is specified, all of the file from the
start offset to end-of-file is used. If no start position is specified
- either, zero is assume (which means that the whole file is inserted).
+ either, zero is assumed (which means that the whole file is inserted).
Example:
</verb></tscreen>
+<sect1><tt>.INTERRUPTOR</tt><label id=".INTERRUPTOR"><p>
+
+ Export a symbol and mark it as an interruptor. This may be used together
+ with the linker to build a table of interruptor subroutines that are called
+ in an interrupt.
+
+ Note: The linker has a feature to build a table of marked routines, but it
+ is your code that must call these routines, so just declaring a symbol as
+ interruptor does nothing by itself.
+
+ An interruptor is always exported as an absolute (16 bit) symbol. You don't
+ need to use an additional <tt/.export/ statement, this is implied by
+ <tt/.interruptor/. It may have an optional priority that is separated by a
+ comma. Higher numeric values mean a higher priority. If no priority is
+ given, the default priority of 7 is used. Be careful when assigning
+ priorities to your own module constructors so they won't interfere with the
+ ones in the cc65 library.
+
+ Example:
+
+ <tscreen><verb>
+ .interruptor IrqHandler
+ .interruptor Handler, 16
+ </verb></tscreen>
+
+ See the <tt><ref id=".CONDES" name=".CONDES"></tt> command and the separate
+ section <ref id="condes" name="Module constructors/destructors"> explaining
+ the feature in more detail.
+
+
<sect1><tt>.LINECONT</tt><label id=".LINECONT"><p>
Switch on or off line continuations using the backslash character
<tscreen><verb>
.macro Crypt Arg
.repeat .strlen(Arg), I
- .byte .strat(Arg, I) .xor $55
+ .byte .strat(Arg, I) ^ $55
.endrep
.endmacro
</verb></tscreen>
Switch the CPU instruction set. The command is followed by a string that
specifies the CPU. Possible values are those that can also be supplied to
the <tt><ref id="option--cpu" name="--cpu"></tt> command line option,
- namely: 6502, 6502X, 65SC02, 65C02, 65816 and sunplus. Please note that
+ namely: 6502, 6502X, 65SC02, 65C02, 65816 and sunplus. Please note that
support for the sunplus CPU is not available in the freeware version,
because the instruction set of the sunplus CPU is "proprietary and
confidential".
.else
; assume absolute or zero page
lda arg
- ldx 1+({arg})
+ ldx 1+(arg)
.endif
.endmacro
</verb></tscreen>
CPU_65C02
CPU_65816
CPU_SUNPLUS
+ CPU_SWEET16
</verb></tscreen>
is defined. These constants may be used to determine the exact type of the
CPU_ISET_65C02
CPU_ISET_65816
CPU_ISET_SUNPLUS
+ CPU_ISET_SWEET16
</verb></tscreen>
The value read from the <tt/<ref id=".CPU" name=".CPU">/ pseudo variable may
+<sect>Predefined constants<label id="predefined-constants"><p>
+
+For better orthogonality, the assembler defines similar symbols as the
+compiler, depending on the target system selected:
+
+<itemize>
+<item><tt/__ACE__/ - Target system is <tt/ace/
+<item><tt/__APPLE2__",/ - Target system is <tt/apple2/
+<item><tt/__APPLE2ENH__",/ - Target system is <tt/apple2enh/
+<item><tt/__ATARI__/ - Target system is <tt/atari/
+<item><tt/__ATMOS__",/ - Target system is <tt/atmos/
+<item><tt/__BBC__",/ - Target system is <tt/bbc/
+<item><tt/__C128__/ - Target system is <tt/c128/
+<item><tt/__C16__/ - Target system is <tt/c16/
+<item><tt/__C64__/ - Target system is <tt/c64/
+<item><tt/__CBM__/ - Target is a Commodore system
+<item><tt/__CBM510__/ - Target system is <tt/cbm510/
+<item><tt/__CBM610__/ - Target system is <tt/cbm610/
+<item><tt/__GEOS__",/ - Target system is <tt/geos/
+<item><tt/__LUNIX__",/ - Target system is <tt/lunix/
+<item><tt/__NES__",/ - Target system is <tt/nes/
+<item><tt/__PET__/ - Target system is <tt/pet/
+<item><tt/__PLUS4__/ - Target system is <tt/plus4/
+<item><tt/__SUPERVISION__",/ - Target system is <tt/supervision/
+<item><tt/__VIC20__/ - Target system is <tt/vic20/
+</itemize>
+
+
<sect>Structs and unions<label id="structs"><p>
Structs and unions are special forms of <ref id="scopes" name="scopes">. They
useful for assembler programs.
-<sect1>
Module overview<p>
-Using the <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref
-id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> keywords it it possible to export
-functions in a special way. The linker is able to generate tables with all
-functions of a specific type. Such a table will <em>only</em> include symbols
-from object files that are linked into a specific executable. This may be used
-to add initialization and cleanup code for library modules.
+Using the <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt>, <tt><ref
+id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref id=".INTERRUPTOR"
+name=".INTERRUPTOR"></tt>keywords it it possible to export functions in a
+special way. The linker is able to generate tables with all functions of a
+specific type. Such a table will <em>only</em> include symbols from object
+files that are linked into a specific executable. This may be used to add
+initialization and cleanup code for library modules, or a table of interrupt
+handler functions.
The C heap functions are an example where module initialization code is used.
All heap functions (<tt>malloc</tt>, <tt>free</tt>, ...) work with a few
<sect1>Calling order<p>
-Both, constructors and destructors are sorted in increasing priority order by
-the linker when using one of the builtin linker configurations, so the
-functions with lower priorities come first and are followed by those with
-higher priorities. The C library runtime subroutine that walks over the
-constructor and destructor tables calls the functions starting from the top of
-the table - which means that functions with a high priority are called first.
+The symbols are sorted in increasing priority order by the linker when using
+one of the builtin linker configurations, so the functions with lower
+priorities come first and are followed by those with higher priorities. The C
+library runtime subroutine that walks over the function tables calls the
+functions starting from the top of the table - which means that functions with
+a high priority are called first.
-So when using the C runtime, both constructors and destructors are called with
-high priority functions first, followed by low priority functions.
+So when using the C runtime, functions are called with high priority functions
+first, followed by low priority functions.
<sect1>Pitfalls<p>
-When creating and using module constructors and destructors, please take care
-of the following:
+When using these special symbols, please take care of the following:
<itemize>
The linker will only generate function tables, it will not generate code to
call these functions. If you're using the feature in some other than the
existing C environments, you have to write code to call all functions in a
-linker generated table yourself. See the <tt>condes</tt> module in the C
-runtime for an example on how to do this.
+linker generated table yourself. See the <tt/condes/ and <tt/callirq/ modules
+in the C runtime for an example on how to do this.
<item>
The linker will only add addresses of functions that are in modules linked to
the executable. This means that you have to be careful where to place the
-condes functions. If initialization is needed for a group of functions, be
-sure to place the initialization function into a module that is linked in
+condes functions. If initialization or an irq handler is needed for a group of
+functions, be sure to place the function into a module that is linked in
regardless of which function is called by the user.
<item>
priority for the functions accordingly.
<item>
-Besides the <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref
-id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> statements, there is also a more
-generic command: <tt><ref id=".CONDES" name=".CONDES"></tt>. This allows to
-specify an additional type. Predefined types are 0 (constructor) and 1
-(destructor). The linker generates a separate table for each type on request.
+Besides the <tt><ref id=".CONSTRUCTOR" name=".CONSTRUCTOR"></tt>, <tt><ref
+id=".DESTRUCTOR" name=".DESTRUCTOR"></tt> and <tt><ref id=".INTERRUPTOR"
+name=".INTERRUPTOR"></tt>statements, there is also a more generic command:
+<tt><ref id=".CONDES" name=".CONDES"></tt>. This allows to specify an
+additional type. Predefined types are 0 (constructor), 1 (destructor) and 2
+(interruptor). The linker generates a separate table for each type on request.
</itemize>
projects / cc65 / blobdiff