-<!doctype linuxdoc system>
+<!doctype linuxdoc system> <!-- -*- text-mode -*- -->
<article>
<title>ld65 Users Guide
<item>module
<item>apple2
<item>apple2enh
- <item>apple-geos
<item>atari
<item>atmos
<item>c16 (works also for the c116 with memory up to 32K)
<item>c128
<item>cbm510 (CBM-II series with 40 column video)
<item>cbm610 (all CBM series-II computers with 80 column video)
- <item>cbm-geos
+ <item>geos-apple
+ <item>geos-cbm
<item>lunix
<item>lynx
<item>nes
named "rom2.bin". The name given on the command line is ignored in both cases.
Assigning an empty file name for a memory area will discard the data written
-to it. This is useful, if the a memory area has segments assigned that are
-empty (for example because they are of type bss). In that case, the linker
-will create an empty output file. This may be suppressed by assigning an empty
-file name to that memory area.
+to it. This is useful, if the memory area has segments assigned that are empty
+(for example because they are of type bss). In that case, the linker will
+create an empty output file. This may be suppressed by assigning an empty file
+name to that memory area.
The <tt/%O/ sequence is also allowed inside a string. So using
unfortunately, ROM is not writable, so we have to copy it into RAM before
running the actual code.
-The linker cannot help you copying the data from ROM into RAM (this must be
-done by the startup code of your program), but it has some features that will
-help you in this process.
+The linker won't copy the data from ROM into RAM for you (this must be done by
+the startup code of your program), but it has some features that will help you
+in this process.
First, you may not only specify a "<tt/load/" attribute for a segment, but
also a "<tt/run/" attribute. The "<tt/load/" attribute is mandatory, and, if
All references to labels in the <tt/DATA/ segment are relocated to <tt/RAM2/
by the linker, so things will work properly.
+There's a library subroutine called <tt/copydata/ (in a module named
+<tt/copydata.s/) that might be used to do actual copying. Be sure to have a
+look at it's inner workings before using it!
+
<sect1>Other MEMORY area attributes<p>
}
</verb></tscreen>
-This will define three external symbols that may be used in your code:
+This will define some external symbols that may be used in your code:
<tscreen><verb>
__STACK_START__ This is set to the start of the memory
- area, $C000 in this example.
+ area, $C000 in this example.
__STACK_SIZE__ The size of the area, here $1000.
__STACK_LAST__ This is NOT the same as START+SIZE.
- Instead, it it defined as the first
- address that is not used by data. If we
- don't define any segments for this area,
- the value will be the same as START.
+ Instead, it it defined as the first
+ address that is not used by data. If we
+ don't define any segments for this area,
+ the value will be the same as START.
+ __STACK_FILEOFFS__ The binary offset in the output file. This
+ is not defined for relocatable output file
+ formats (o65).
</verb></tscreen>
A memory section may also have a type. Valid types are
Unused memory in a memory area may be filled. Use the "<tt/fill = yes/"
attribute to request this. The default value to fill unused space is zero. If
you don't like this, you may specify a byte value that is used to fill these
-areas with the "<tt/fillval/" attribute. This value is also used to fill unfilled
-areas generated by the assemblers <tt/.ALIGN/ and <tt/.RES/ directives.
+areas with the "<tt/fillval/" attribute. If there is no "<tt/fillval/"
+attribute for the segment, the "<tt/fillval/" attribute of the memory area (or
+its default) is used instead. This means that the value may also be used to
+fill unfilled areas generated by the assemblers <tt/.ALIGN/ and <tt/.RES/
+directives.
The symbol <tt/%S/ may be used to access the default start address (that is,
the one defined in the <ref id="FEATURES" name="FEATURES"> section, or the
value given on the command line with the <tt><ref id="option-S" name="-S"></tt>
option).
+To support systems with banked memory, a special attribute named <tt/bank/ is
+available. The attribute value is an arbitrary 32 bit integer. The assembler
+has a builtin function named <tt/.BANK/ which may be used with an argument
+that has a segment reference (for example a symbol). The result of this
+function is the value of the bank attribute for the run memory area of the
+segment.
+
<sect1>Other SEGMENT attributes<p>
been specified. There are no special attributes to set start or offset for
just the load memory area.
+A "<tt/fillval/" attribute may not only be specified for a memory area, but
+also for a segment. The value must be an integer between 0 and 255. It is used
+as fill value for space reserved by the assemblers <tt/.ALIGN/ and <tt/.RES/
+commands. It is also used as fill value for space between sections (part of a
+segment that comes from one object file) caused by alignment, but not for
+space that preceeds the first section.
+
To suppress the warning, the linker issues if it encounters a segment that is
not found in any of the input files, use "<tt/optional=yes/" as additional
segment attribute. Be careful when using this attribute, because a missing
Please note that the order of entries with equal priority is undefined.
+ <tag><tt>import</tt></tag>
+
+ This attribute defines a valid symbol name, that is added as an import
+ to the modules defining a constructor/desctructor of the given type.
+ This can be used to force linkage of a module if this module exports the
+ requested symbol.
+
</descrip>
Without specifying the <tt/CONDES/ feature, the linker will not create any
projects / cc65 / blobdiff