]> git.sur5r.net Git - openocd/blobdiff - src/flash/nor/core.c
flash/nor: implement flash bank deallocation on OpenOCD exit
[openocd] / src / flash / nor / core.c
index 2dbf1142fed2ef6b3b793b4d1fde777624e53b16..636d50c517a1463ed52e2b592579887001fd3a36 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 /***************************************************************************
+ *   Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath <Dominic.Rath@gmx.de>              *
+ *   Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Øyvind Harboe <oyvind.harboe@zylin.com>       *
+ *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>           *
  *   Copyright (C) 2009 Zachary T Welch <zw@superlucidity.net>             *
+ *   Copyright (C) 2010 by Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>       *
  *                                                                         *
  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
  *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
  *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
  *                                                                         *
  *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
- *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
- *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
+ *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
  ***************************************************************************/
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include <config.h>
 #endif
-#include <flash/flash.h>
+#include <flash/common.h>
+#include <flash/nor/core.h>
 #include <flash/nor/imp.h>
 #include <target/image.h>
 
-// in flash.c, to be moved here
-extern struct flash_driver *flash_drivers[];
-extern struct flash_bank *flash_banks;
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Upper level of NOR flash framework.
+ * The lower level interfaces are to drivers.  These upper level ones
+ * primarily support access from Tcl scripts or from GDB.
+ */
 
-struct flash_driver *flash_driver_find_by_name(const char *name)
-{
-       for (unsigned i = 0; flash_drivers[i]; i++)
-       {
-               if (strcmp(name, flash_drivers[i]->name) == 0)
-                       return flash_drivers[i];
-       }
-       return NULL;
-}
+static struct flash_bank *flash_banks;
 
 int flash_driver_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
 {
@@ -44,9 +42,7 @@ int flash_driver_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
 
        retval = bank->driver->erase(bank, first, last);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("failed erasing sectors %d to %d (%d)", first, last, retval);
-       }
+               LOG_ERROR("failed erasing sectors %d to %d", first, last);
 
        return retval;
 }
@@ -54,49 +50,95 @@ int flash_driver_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
 int flash_driver_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, int first, int last)
 {
        int retval;
+       int num_blocks;
 
+       if (bank->num_prot_blocks)
+               num_blocks = bank->num_prot_blocks;
+       else
+               num_blocks = bank->num_sectors;
+
+
+       /* callers may not supply illegal parameters ... */
+       if (first < 0 || first > last || last >= num_blocks) {
+               LOG_ERROR("illegal protection block range");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       /* force "set" to 0/1 */
+       set = !!set;
+
+       /* DANGER!
+        *
+        * We must not use any cached information about protection state!!!!
+        *
+        * There are a million things that could change the protect state:
+        *
+        * the target could have reset, power cycled, been hot plugged,
+        * the application could have run, etc.
+        *
+        * Drivers only receive valid protection block range.
+        */
        retval = bank->driver->protect(bank, set, first, last);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("failed setting protection for areas %d to %d (%d)", first, last, retval);
-       }
+               LOG_ERROR("failed setting protection for blocks %d to %d", first, last);
 
        return retval;
 }
 
 int flash_driver_write(struct flash_bank *bank,
-               uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
+       uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
 {
        int retval;
 
        retval = bank->driver->write(bank, buffer, offset, count);
-       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("error writing to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " (%d)",
-                         bank->base, offset, retval);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR(
+                       "error writing to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
+                       bank->base,
+                       offset);
+       }
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int flash_driver_read(struct flash_bank *bank,
+       uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
+{
+       int retval;
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("call flash_driver_read()");
+
+       retval = bank->driver->read(bank, buffer, offset, count);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR(
+                       "error reading to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
+                       bank->base,
+                       offset);
        }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
+int default_flash_read(struct flash_bank *bank,
+       uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
+{
+       return target_read_buffer(bank->target, offset + bank->base, count, buffer);
+}
 
 void flash_bank_add(struct flash_bank *bank)
 {
        /* put flash bank in linked list */
        unsigned bank_num = 0;
-       if (flash_banks)
-       {
+       if (flash_banks) {
                /* find last flash bank */
                struct flash_bank *p = flash_banks;
-               while (NULL != p->next)
-               {
+               while (NULL != p->next) {
                        bank_num += 1;
                        p = p->next;
                }
                p->next = bank;
                bank_num += 1;
-       }
-       else
+       } else
                flash_banks = bank;
 
        bank->bank_number = bank_num;
@@ -107,60 +149,413 @@ struct flash_bank *flash_bank_list(void)
        return flash_banks;
 }
 
-/* erase given flash region, selects proper bank according to target and address */
-static int flash_iterate_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
-               int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
+struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(int num)
+{
+       struct flash_bank *p;
+       int i = 0;
+
+       for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next) {
+               if (i++ == num)
+                       return p;
+       }
+       LOG_ERROR("flash bank %d does not exist", num);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+int flash_get_bank_count(void)
+{
+       struct flash_bank *p;
+       int i = 0;
+       for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next)
+               i++;
+       return i;
+}
+
+void default_flash_free_driver_priv(struct flash_bank *bank)
+{
+       free(bank->driver_priv);
+       bank->driver_priv = NULL;
+}
+
+void flash_free_all_banks(void)
+{
+       struct flash_bank *bank = flash_banks;
+       while (bank) {
+               struct flash_bank *next = bank->next;
+               if (bank->driver->free_driver_priv)
+                       bank->driver->free_driver_priv(bank);
+               else
+                       LOG_WARNING("Flash driver of %s does not support free_driver_priv()", bank->name);
+
+               free(bank->name);
+               free(bank->sectors);
+               free(bank->prot_blocks);
+               free(bank);
+               bank = next;
+       }
+       flash_banks = NULL;
+}
+
+struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(const char *name)
+{
+       unsigned requested = get_flash_name_index(name);
+       unsigned found = 0;
+
+       struct flash_bank *bank;
+       for (bank = flash_banks; NULL != bank; bank = bank->next) {
+               if (strcmp(bank->name, name) == 0)
+                       return bank;
+               if (!flash_driver_name_matches(bank->driver->name, name))
+                       continue;
+               if (++found < requested)
+                       continue;
+               return bank;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+int get_flash_bank_by_name(const char *name, struct flash_bank **bank_result)
+{
+       struct flash_bank *bank;
+       int retval;
+
+       bank = get_flash_bank_by_name_noprobe(name);
+       if (bank != NULL) {
+               retval = bank->driver->auto_probe(bank);
+
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
+                       return retval;
+               }
+       }
+
+       *bank_result = bank;
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+int get_flash_bank_by_num(int num, struct flash_bank **bank)
+{
+       struct flash_bank *p = get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(num);
+       int retval;
+
+       if (p == NULL)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+
+       retval = p->driver->auto_probe(p);
+
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
+               return retval;
+       }
+       *bank = p;
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+/* lookup flash bank by address, bank not found is success, but
+ * result_bank is set to NULL. */
+int get_flash_bank_by_addr(struct target *target,
+       uint32_t addr,
+       bool check,
+       struct flash_bank **result_bank)
+{
+       struct flash_bank *c;
+
+       /* cycle through bank list */
+       for (c = flash_banks; c; c = c->next) {
+               if (c->target != target)
+                       continue;
+
+               int retval;
+               retval = c->driver->auto_probe(c);
+
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed");
+                       return retval;
+               }
+               /* check whether address belongs to this flash bank */
+               if ((addr >= c->base) && (addr <= c->base + (c->size - 1))) {
+                       *result_bank = c;
+                       return ERROR_OK;
+               }
+       }
+       *result_bank = NULL;
+       if (check) {
+               LOG_ERROR("No flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32, addr);
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+static int default_flash_mem_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
+{
+       struct target *target = bank->target;
+       const int buffer_size = 1024;
+       int i;
+       uint32_t nBytes;
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
+               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
+       }
+
+       uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffer_size);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
+               uint32_t j;
+               bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
+
+               for (j = 0; j < bank->sectors[i].size; j += buffer_size) {
+                       uint32_t chunk;
+                       chunk = buffer_size;
+                       if (chunk > (j - bank->sectors[i].size))
+                               chunk = (j - bank->sectors[i].size);
+
+                       retval = target_read_memory(target,
+                                       bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset + j,
+                                       4,
+                                       chunk/4,
+                                       buffer);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               goto done;
+
+                       for (nBytes = 0; nBytes < chunk; nBytes++) {
+                               if (buffer[nBytes] != bank->erased_value) {
+                                       bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+done:
+       free(buffer);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int default_flash_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
+{
+       struct target *target = bank->target;
+       int i;
+       int retval;
+       int fast_check = 0;
+       uint32_t blank;
+
+       if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
+               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
+               uint32_t address = bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset;
+               uint32_t size = bank->sectors[i].size;
+
+               retval = target_blank_check_memory(target, address, size, &blank, bank->erased_value);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                       fast_check = 0;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (blank == bank->erased_value)
+                       bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
+               else
+                       bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
+               fast_check = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (!fast_check) {
+               LOG_USER("Running slow fallback erase check - add working memory");
+               return default_flash_mem_blank_check(bank);
+       }
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+/* Manipulate given flash region, selecting the bank according to target
+ * and address.  Maps an address range to a set of sectors, and issues
+ * the callback() on that set ... e.g. to erase or unprotect its members.
+ *
+ * Parameter iterate_protect_blocks switches iteration of protect block
+ * instead of erase sectors. If there is no protect blocks array, sectors
+ * are used in iteration, so compatibility for old flash drivers is retained.
+ *
+ * The "pad_reason" parameter is a kind of boolean:  when it's NULL, the
+ * range must fit those sectors exactly.  This is clearly safe; it can't
+ * erase data which the caller said to leave alone, for example.  If it's
+ * non-NULL, rather than failing, extra data in the first and/or last
+ * sectors will be added to the range, and that reason string is used when
+ * warning about those additions.
+ */
+static int flash_iterate_address_range_inner(struct target *target,
+       char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
+       bool iterate_protect_blocks,
+       int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
 {
        struct flash_bank *c;
+       struct flash_sector *block_array;
+       uint32_t last_addr = addr + length;     /* first address AFTER end */
        int first = -1;
        int last = -1;
        int i;
+       int num_blocks;
 
-       if ((c = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr)) == NULL)
-               return ERROR_FLASH_DST_OUT_OF_BANK; /* no corresponding bank found */
+       int retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &c);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
 
-       if (c->size == 0 || c->num_sectors == 0)
-       {
+       if (c->size == 0 || c->num_sectors == 0) {
                LOG_ERROR("Bank is invalid");
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
        }
 
-       if (length == 0)
-       {
+       if (length == 0) {
                /* special case, erase whole bank when length is zero */
-               if (addr != c->base)
+               if (addr != c->base) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Whole bank access must start at beginning of bank.");
                        return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
+               }
 
                return callback(c, 0, c->num_sectors - 1);
        }
 
-       /* check whether it fits */
-       if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1)
+       /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
+       if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Flash access does not fit into bank.");
                return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
+       }
+
+       if (c->prot_blocks == NULL || c->num_prot_blocks == 0) {
+               /* flash driver does not define protect blocks, use sectors instead */
+               iterate_protect_blocks = false;
+       }
+
+       if (iterate_protect_blocks) {
+               block_array = c->prot_blocks;
+               num_blocks = c->num_prot_blocks;
+       } else {
+               block_array = c->sectors;
+               num_blocks = c->num_sectors;
+       }
 
        addr -= c->base;
+       last_addr -= c->base;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
+               struct flash_sector *f = &block_array[i];
+               uint32_t end = f->offset + f->size;
+
+               /* start only on a sector boundary */
+               if (first < 0) {
+                       /* scanned past the first sector? */
+                       if (addr < f->offset)
+                               break;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->num_sectors; i++)
-       {
-               /* check whether sector overlaps with the given range and is not yet erased */
-               if (addr < c->sectors[i].offset + c->sectors[i].size && addr + length > c->sectors[i].offset && c->sectors[i].is_erased != 1) {
-                       /* if first is not set yet then this is the first sector */
-                       if (first == -1)
+                       /* is this the first sector? */
+                       if (addr == f->offset)
                                first = i;
-                       last = i; /* and it is the last one so far in any case */
+
+                       /* Does this need head-padding?  If so, pad and warn;
+                        * or else force an error.
+                        *
+                        * Such padding can make trouble, since *WE* can't
+                        * ever know if that data was in use.  The warning
+                        * should help users sort out messes later.
+                        */
+                       else if (addr < end && pad_reason) {
+                               /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
+                               LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
+                                       "%#8.8x to %#8.8x",
+                                       pad_reason,
+                                       (unsigned) f->offset,
+                                       (unsigned) addr - 1);
+                               first = i;
+                       } else
+                               continue;
+               }
+
+               /* is this (also?) the last sector? */
+               if (last_addr == end) {
+                       last = i;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               /* Does this need tail-padding?  If so, pad and warn;
+                * or else force an error.
+                */
+               if (last_addr < end && pad_reason) {
+                       /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
+                       LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
+                               "%#8.8x to %#8.8x",
+                               pad_reason,
+                               (unsigned) last_addr,
+                               (unsigned) end - 1);
+                       last = i;
+                       break;
                }
+
+               /* MUST finish on a sector boundary */
+               if (last_addr <= f->offset)
+                       break;
        }
 
-       if (first == -1 || last == -1)
-               return ERROR_OK;
+       /* invalid start or end address? */
+       if (first == -1 || last == -1) {
+               LOG_ERROR("address range 0x%8.8x .. 0x%8.8x "
+                       "is not sector-aligned",
+                       (unsigned) (c->base + addr),
+                       (unsigned) (c->base + last_addr - 1));
+               return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
+       }
 
+       /* The NOR driver may trim this range down, based on what
+        * sectors are already erased/unprotected.  GDB currently
+        * blocks such optimizations.
+        */
        return callback(c, first, last);
 }
 
-int flash_erase_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
+/* The inner fn only handles a single bank, we could be spanning
+ * multiple chips.
+ */
+static int flash_iterate_address_range(struct target *target,
+       char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
+       bool iterate_protect_blocks,
+       int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
 {
-       return flash_iterate_address_range(target,
-                       addr, length, &flash_driver_erase);
+       struct flash_bank *c;
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       /* Danger! zero-length iterations means entire bank! */
+       do {
+               retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr, true, &c);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       return retval;
+
+               uint32_t cur_length = length;
+               /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
+               if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("iterating over more than one flash bank.");
+                       cur_length = c->base + c->size - addr;
+               }
+               retval = flash_iterate_address_range_inner(target,
+                               pad_reason, addr, cur_length,
+                               iterate_protect_blocks,
+                               callback);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       break;
+
+               length -= cur_length;
+               addr += cur_length;
+       } while (length > 0);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int flash_erase_address_range(struct target *target,
+       bool pad, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
+{
+       return flash_iterate_address_range(target, pad ? "erase" : NULL,
+               addr, length, false, &flash_driver_erase);
 }
 
 static int flash_driver_unprotect(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
@@ -168,14 +563,32 @@ static int flash_driver_unprotect(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
        return flash_driver_protect(bank, 0, first, last);
 }
 
-static int flash_unlock_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
+int flash_unlock_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
 {
-       return flash_iterate_address_range(target,
-                       addr, length, &flash_driver_unprotect);
+       /* By default, pad to sector boundaries ... the real issue here
+        * is that our (only) caller *permanently* removes protection,
+        * and doesn't restore it.
+        */
+       return flash_iterate_address_range(target, "unprotect",
+               addr, length, true, &flash_driver_unprotect);
+}
+
+static int compare_section(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+       struct imagesection *b1, *b2;
+       b1 = *((struct imagesection **)a);
+       b2 = *((struct imagesection **)b);
+
+       if (b1->base_address == b2->base_address)
+               return 0;
+       else if (b1->base_address > b2->base_address)
+               return 1;
+       else
+               return -1;
 }
 
 int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
-               uint32_t *written, int erase, bool unlock)
+       uint32_t *written, int erase, bool unlock)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
@@ -190,8 +603,7 @@ int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
        if (written)
                *written = 0;
 
-       if (erase)
-       {
+       if (erase) {
                /* assume all sectors need erasing - stops any problems
                 * when flash_write is called multiple times */
 
@@ -199,21 +611,29 @@ int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
        }
 
        /* allocate padding array */
-       padding = malloc(image->num_sections * sizeof(padding));
+       padding = calloc(image->num_sections, sizeof(*padding));
+
+       /* This fn requires all sections to be in ascending order of addresses,
+        * whereas an image can have sections out of order. */
+       struct imagesection **sections = malloc(sizeof(struct imagesection *) *
+                       image->num_sections);
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < image->num_sections; i++)
+               sections[i] = &image->sections[i];
+
+       qsort(sections, image->num_sections, sizeof(struct imagesection *),
+               compare_section);
 
        /* loop until we reach end of the image */
-       while (section < image->num_sections)
-       {
+       while (section < image->num_sections) {
                uint32_t buffer_size;
                uint8_t *buffer;
-               int section_first;
                int section_last;
-               uint32_t run_address = image->sections[section].base_address + section_offset;
-               uint32_t run_size = image->sections[section].size - section_offset;
+               target_addr_t run_address = sections[section]->base_address + section_offset;
+               uint32_t run_size = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
                int pad_bytes = 0;
 
-               if (image->sections[section].size ==  0)
-               {
+               if (sections[section]->size ==  0) {
                        LOG_WARNING("empty section %d", section);
                        section++;
                        section_offset = 0;
@@ -221,76 +641,142 @@ int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
                }
 
                /* find the corresponding flash bank */
-               if ((c = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, run_address)) == NULL)
-               {
-                       section++; /* and skip it */
+               retval = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, run_address, false, &c);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       goto done;
+               if (c == NULL) {
+                       LOG_WARNING("no flash bank found for address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT, run_address);
+                       section++;      /* and skip it */
                        section_offset = 0;
                        continue;
                }
 
                /* collect consecutive sections which fall into the same bank */
-               section_first = section;
                section_last = section;
                padding[section] = 0;
-               while ((run_address + run_size - 1 < c->base + c->size - 1)
-                               && (section_last + 1 < image->num_sections))
-               {
-                       if (image->sections[section_last + 1].base_address < (run_address + run_size))
-                       {
-                               LOG_DEBUG("section %d out of order(very slightly surprising, but supported)", section_last + 1);
+               while ((run_address + run_size - 1 < c->base + c->size - 1) &&
+                               (section_last + 1 < image->num_sections)) {
+                       /* sections are sorted */
+                       assert(sections[section_last + 1]->base_address >= c->base);
+                       if (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address >= (c->base + c->size)) {
+                               /* Done with this bank */
                                break;
                        }
-                       /* if we have multiple sections within our image, flash programming could fail due to alignment issues
+
+                       /* FIXME This needlessly touches sectors BETWEEN the
+                        * sections it's writing.  Without auto erase, it just
+                        * writes ones.  That WILL INVALIDATE data in cases
+                        * like Stellaris Tempest chips, corrupting internal
+                        * ECC codes; and at least FreeScale suggests issues
+                        * with that approach (in HC11 documentation).
+                        *
+                        * With auto erase enabled, data in those sectors will
+                        * be needlessly destroyed; and some of the limited
+                        * number of flash erase cycles will be wasted...
+                        *
+                        * In both cases, the extra writes slow things down.
+                        */
+
+                       /* if we have multiple sections within our image,
+                        * flash programming could fail due to alignment issues
                         * attempt to rebuild a consecutive buffer for the flash loader */
-                       pad_bytes = (image->sections[section_last + 1].base_address) - (run_address + run_size);
-                       if ((run_address + run_size + pad_bytes) > (c->base + c->size))
-                               break;
+                       target_addr_t run_next_addr = run_address + run_size;
+                       if (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address < run_next_addr) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("Section at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
+                                       " overlaps section ending at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                                       sections[section_last + 1]->base_address,
+                                       run_next_addr);
+                               LOG_ERROR("Flash write aborted.");
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto done;
+                       }
+
+                       pad_bytes = sections[section_last + 1]->base_address - run_next_addr;
                        padding[section_last] = pad_bytes;
-                       run_size += image->sections[++section_last].size;
+                       run_size += sections[++section_last]->size;
                        run_size += pad_bytes;
-                       padding[section_last] = 0;
 
-                       LOG_INFO("Padding image section %d with %d bytes", section_last-1, pad_bytes);
+                       if (pad_bytes > 0)
+                               LOG_INFO("Padding image section %d with %d bytes",
+                                       section_last-1,
+                                       pad_bytes);
                }
 
-               /* fit the run into bank constraints */
-               if (run_address + run_size - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1)
-               {
-                       LOG_WARNING("writing %d bytes only - as image section is %d bytes and bank is only %d bytes", \
-                                   (int)(c->base + c->size - run_address), (int)(run_size), (int)(c->size));
+               if (run_address + run_size - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1) {
+                       /* If we have more than one flash chip back to back, then we limit
+                        * the current write operation to the current chip.
+                        */
+                       LOG_DEBUG("Truncate flash run size to the current flash chip.");
+
                        run_size = c->base + c->size - run_address;
+                       assert(run_size > 0);
+               }
+
+               /* If we're applying any sector automagic, then pad this
+                * (maybe-combined) segment to the end of its last sector.
+                */
+               if (unlock || erase) {
+                       int sector;
+                       uint32_t offset_start = run_address - c->base;
+                       uint32_t offset_end = offset_start + run_size;
+                       uint32_t end = offset_end, delta;
+
+                       for (sector = 0; sector < c->num_sectors; sector++) {
+                               end = c->sectors[sector].offset
+                                       + c->sectors[sector].size;
+                               if (offset_end <= end)
+                                       break;
+                       }
+
+                       delta = end - offset_end;
+                       padding[section_last] += delta;
+                       run_size += delta;
                }
 
                /* allocate buffer */
                buffer = malloc(run_size);
+               if (buffer == NULL) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Out of memory for flash bank buffer");
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                       goto done;
+               }
                buffer_size = 0;
 
                /* read sections to the buffer */
-               while (buffer_size < run_size)
-               {
+               while (buffer_size < run_size) {
                        size_t size_read;
 
                        size_read = run_size - buffer_size;
-                       if (size_read > image->sections[section].size - section_offset)
-                           size_read = image->sections[section].size - section_offset;
-
-                       if ((retval = image_read_section(image, section, section_offset,
-                                       size_read, buffer + buffer_size, &size_read)) != ERROR_OK || size_read == 0)
-                       {
+                       if (size_read > sections[section]->size - section_offset)
+                               size_read = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
+
+                       /* KLUDGE!
+                        *
+                        * #¤%#"%¤% we have to figure out the section # from the sorted
+                        * list of pointers to sections to invoke image_read_section()...
+                        */
+                       intptr_t diff = (intptr_t)sections[section] - (intptr_t)image->sections;
+                       int t_section_num = diff / sizeof(struct imagesection);
+
+                       LOG_DEBUG("image_read_section: section = %d, t_section_num = %d, "
+                                       "section_offset = %d, buffer_size = %d, size_read = %d",
+                               (int)section, (int)t_section_num, (int)section_offset,
+                               (int)buffer_size, (int)size_read);
+                       retval = image_read_section(image, t_section_num, section_offset,
+                                       size_read, buffer + buffer_size, &size_read);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK || size_read == 0) {
                                free(buffer);
-                               free(padding);
-                               return retval;
+                               goto done;
                        }
 
                        /* see if we need to pad the section */
                        while (padding[section]--)
-                                (buffer + buffer_size)[size_read++] = 0xff;
+                               (buffer + buffer_size)[size_read++] = c->default_padded_value;
 
                        buffer_size += size_read;
                        section_offset += size_read;
 
-                       if (section_offset >= image->sections[section].size)
-                       {
+                       if (section_offset >= sections[section]->size) {
                                section++;
                                section_offset = 0;
                        }
@@ -299,43 +785,59 @@ int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
                retval = ERROR_OK;
 
                if (unlock)
-               {
                        retval = flash_unlock_address_range(target, run_address, run_size);
-               }
-               if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-               {
-                       if (erase)
-                       {
+               if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
+                       if (erase) {
                                /* calculate and erase sectors */
-                               retval = flash_erase_address_range(target, run_address, run_size);
+                               retval = flash_erase_address_range(target,
+                                               true, run_address, run_size);
                        }
                }
 
-               if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-               {
+               if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                        /* write flash sectors */
                        retval = flash_driver_write(c, buffer, run_address - c->base, run_size);
                }
 
                free(buffer);
 
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
-                       free(padding);
-                       return retval; /* abort operation */
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                       /* abort operation */
+                       goto done;
                }
 
                if (written != NULL)
-                       *written += run_size; /* add run size to total written counter */
+                       *written += run_size;   /* add run size to total written counter */
        }
 
+done:
+       free(sections);
        free(padding);
 
        return retval;
 }
 
 int flash_write(struct target *target, struct image *image,
-               uint32_t *written, int erase)
+       uint32_t *written, int erase)
 {
        return flash_write_unlock(target, image, written, erase, false);
 }
+
+struct flash_sector *alloc_block_array(uint32_t offset, uint32_t size, int num_blocks)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       struct flash_sector *array = calloc(num_blocks, sizeof(struct flash_sector));
+       if (array == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
+               array[i].offset = offset;
+               array[i].size = size;
+               array[i].is_erased = -1;
+               array[i].is_protected = -1;
+               offset += size;
+       }
+
+       return array;
+}