]> git.sur5r.net Git - openocd/blobdiff - src/target/mips32_pracc.c
mips32_pracc: jump to 0xff20.0200 if cpu reads wrong addr
[openocd] / src / target / mips32_pracc.c
index abf12e02219ce76c5036d825482bedf565f4d661..d0ecba2fd844ebaee8aceee8c23d647b9e9d7166 100644 (file)
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
  *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
  *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
- *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
+ *   51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.           *
  ***************************************************************************/
 
 /*
@@ -93,24 +93,6 @@ struct mips32_pracc_context {
        struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info;
 };
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_read_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf);
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf);
-static int mips32_pracc_write_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf);
-
 static int mips32_pracc_sync_cache(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
                uint32_t start_addr, uint32_t end_addr);
 static int mips32_pracc_clean_invalidate_cache(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
@@ -125,9 +107,9 @@ static int wait_for_pracc_rw(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *ctrl)
 
        /* wait for the PrAcc to become "1" */
        mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_CONTROL);
-       ejtag_ctrl = ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl;
 
        while (1) {
+               ejtag_ctrl = ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl;
                retval = mips_ejtag_drscan_32(ejtag_info, &ejtag_ctrl);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
@@ -153,24 +135,33 @@ static int mips32_pracc_exec_read(struct mips32_pracc_context *ctx, uint32_t add
        uint32_t ejtag_ctrl, data;
 
        if ((address >= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)
-               && (address <= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN + ctx->num_iparam * 4)) {
+               && (address < MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN + ctx->num_iparam * 4)) {
                offset = (address - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN) / 4;
                data = ctx->local_iparam[offset];
        } else if ((address >= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)
-               && (address <= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + ctx->num_oparam * 4)) {
+               && (address < MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + ctx->num_oparam * 4)) {
                offset = (address - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT) / 4;
                data = ctx->local_oparam[offset];
        } else if ((address >= MIPS32_PRACC_TEXT)
-               && (address <= MIPS32_PRACC_TEXT + ctx->code_len * 4)) {
+               && (address < MIPS32_PRACC_TEXT + ctx->code_len * 4)) {
                offset = (address - MIPS32_PRACC_TEXT) / 4;
                data = ctx->code[offset];
        } else if (address == MIPS32_PRACC_STACK) {
+               if (ctx->stack_offset <= 0) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Error: Pracc stack out of bounds");
+                       return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+               }
                /* save to our debug stack */
                data = ctx->stack[--ctx->stack_offset];
+       } else if (address >= 0xFF200000) {
+               /* CPU keeps reading at the end of execution.
+                * If we after 0xF0000000  address range, we can use
+                * one shot jump instruction.
+                * Since this instruction is limited to
+                * 26bit, we need to do some magic to fit it to our needs. */
+               LOG_DEBUG("Reading unexpected address. Jump to 0xFF200200\n");
+               data = MIPS32_J((0x0FFFFFFF & 0xFF200200) >> 2);
        } else {
-               /* TODO: send JMP 0xFF200000 instruction. Hopefully processor jump back
-                * to start of debug vector */
-
                LOG_ERROR("Error reading unexpected address 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "", address);
                return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
        }
@@ -208,15 +199,15 @@ static int mips32_pracc_exec_write(struct mips32_pracc_context *ctx, uint32_t ad
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 
-       if ((address >= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)
-               && (address <= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN + ctx->num_iparam * 4)) {
-               offset = (address - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN) / 4;
-               ctx->local_iparam[offset] = data;
-       } else if ((address >= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)
-               && (address <= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + ctx->num_oparam * 4)) {
+       if ((address >= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)
+               && (address < MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + ctx->num_oparam * 4)) {
                offset = (address - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT) / 4;
                ctx->local_oparam[offset] = data;
        } else if (address == MIPS32_PRACC_STACK) {
+               if (ctx->stack_offset >= 32) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Error: Pracc stack out of bounds");
+                       return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
+               }
                /* save data onto our stack */
                ctx->stack[ctx->stack_offset++] = data;
        } else {
@@ -231,7 +222,7 @@ int mips32_pracc_exec(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, int code_len, const uint32_
                int num_param_in, uint32_t *param_in, int num_param_out, uint32_t *param_out, int cycle)
 {
        uint32_t ejtag_ctrl;
-       uint32_t address, data;
+       uint32_t address;
        struct mips32_pracc_context ctx;
        int retval;
        int pass = 0;
@@ -250,7 +241,7 @@ int mips32_pracc_exec(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, int code_len, const uint32_
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
 
-               address = data = 0;
+               address = 0;
                mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_ADDRESS);
                retval = mips_ejtag_drscan_32(ejtag_info, &address);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
@@ -284,303 +275,263 @@ int mips32_pracc_exec(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, int code_len, const uint32_
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int mips32_pracc_read_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
+inline void pracc_queue_init(struct pracc_queue_info *ctx)
 {
-       switch (size) {
-               case 1:
-                       return mips32_pracc_read_mem8(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint8_t *)buf);
-               case 2:
-                       return mips32_pracc_read_mem16(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint16_t *)buf);
-               case 4:
-                       if (count == 1)
-                               return mips32_pracc_read_u32(ejtag_info, addr, (uint32_t *)buf);
-                       else
-                               return mips32_pracc_read_mem32(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint32_t *)buf);
-       }
+       ctx->retval = ERROR_OK;
+       ctx->code_count = 0;
+       ctx->store_count = 0;
 
-       return ERROR_OK;
+       ctx->pracc_list = malloc(2 * ctx->max_code * sizeof(uint32_t));
+       if (ctx->pracc_list == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
+               ctx->retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf)
+inline void pracc_add(struct pracc_queue_info *ctx, uint32_t addr, uint32_t instr)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* $9 = mem[$8]; read addr */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* $10 = mem[$8 + 4]; read count */
-               MIPS32_LUI(11, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),        /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(11, 11, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq 0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 9),                                                                     /* lw $8,0($9), Load $8 with the word @mem[$9] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 11),                                                            /* sw $8,0($11) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 4),                                                           /* $1 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(11, 11, 4),                                                         /* $11 += 4 */
-
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(27)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       int blocksize;
-       int wordsread;
-       uint32_t param_in[2];
-
-       wordsread = 0;
-
-       while (count > 0) {
-               blocksize = count;
-               if (count > 0x400)
-                       blocksize = 0x400;
-
-               param_in[0] = addr;
-               param_in[1] = blocksize;
-
-               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                               ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, blocksize, &buf[wordsread], 1);
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
-
-               count -= blocksize;
-               addr += blocksize*sizeof(uint32_t);
-               wordsread += blocksize;
-       }
-
-       return retval;
+       ctx->pracc_list[ctx->max_code + ctx->code_count] = addr;
+       ctx->pracc_list[ctx->code_count++] = instr;
+       if (addr)
+               ctx->store_count++;
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf)
+inline void pracc_queue_free(struct pracc_queue_info *ctx)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN), 15), /* load R8 @ param_in[0] = address */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 8),                                                                     /* lw $8,0($8), Load $8 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT), 15), /* store R8 @ param_out[0] */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(9)),                                                                     /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       uint32_t param_in[1];
-
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, 1, buf, 1);
-       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               return retval;
-
-       return retval;
+       if (ctx->code_count > ctx->max_code)    /* Only for internal check, will be erased */
+               LOG_ERROR("Internal error, code count: %d > max code: %d", ctx->code_count, ctx->max_code);
+       if (ctx->pracc_list != NULL)
+               free(ctx->pracc_list);
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf)
+int mips32_pracc_queue_exec(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, struct pracc_queue_info *ctx, uint32_t *buf)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* $9 = mem[$8]; read addr */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* $10 = mem[$8 + 4]; read count */
-               MIPS32_LUI(11, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),        /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(11, 11, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq 0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LHU(8, 0, 9),                                                            /* lw $8,0($9), Load $8 with the halfword @mem[$9] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 11),                                                            /* sw $8,0($11) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 2),                                                           /* $9 += 2 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(11, 11, 4),                                                         /* $11 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(27)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 30, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_out = malloc(count * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       if (param_out == NULL) {
+       if (ejtag_info->mode == 0)
+               return mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ctx->code_count, ctx->pracc_list, 0, NULL,
+                                 ctx->store_count, buf, ctx->code_count - 1);
+
+       union scan_in {
+               uint8_t scan_96[12];
+               struct {
+                       uint8_t ctrl[4];
+                       uint8_t data[4];
+                       uint8_t addr[4];
+               } scan_32;
+
+       } *scan_in = malloc(sizeof(union scan_in) * (ctx->code_count + ctx->store_count));
+       if (scan_in == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       int blocksize;
-       int hwordsread = 0;
-       uint32_t param_in[2];
+       unsigned num_clocks =
+               ((uint64_t)(ejtag_info->scan_delay) * jtag_get_speed_khz() + 500000) / 1000000;
 
-       while (count > 0) {
-               blocksize = count;
-               if (count > 0x400)
-                       blocksize = 0x400;
+       uint32_t ejtag_ctrl = ejtag_info->ejtag_ctrl & ~EJTAG_CTRL_PRACC;
+       mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_ALL);
 
-               param_in[0] = addr;
-               param_in[1] = blocksize;
+       int scan_count = 0;
+       for (int i = 0; i != 2 * ctx->code_count; i++) {
+               uint32_t data = 0;
+               if (i & 1u) {                   /* Check store address from previous instruction, if not the first */
+                       if (i < 2 || 0 == ctx->pracc_list[ctx->max_code + (i / 2) - 1])
+                               continue;
+               } else
+                       data = ctx->pracc_list[i / 2];
 
-               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, blocksize, &param_out[hwordsread], 1);
+               jtag_add_clocks(num_clocks);
+               mips_ejtag_add_scan_96(ejtag_info, ejtag_ctrl, data, scan_in[scan_count++].scan_96);
+       }
 
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
+       int retval = jtag_execute_queue();              /* execute queued scans */
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
+
+       uint32_t fetch_addr = MIPS32_PRACC_TEXT;                /* start address */
+       scan_count = 0;
+       for (int i = 0; i != 2 * ctx->code_count; i++) {                                /* verify every pracc access */
+               uint32_t store_addr = 0;
+               if (i & 1u) {                   /* Read store addres from previous instruction, if not the first */
+                       store_addr = ctx->pracc_list[ctx->max_code + (i / 2) - 1];
+                       if (i < 2 || 0 == store_addr)
+                               continue;
+               }
 
-               count -= blocksize;
-               addr += blocksize*sizeof(uint16_t);
-               hwordsread += blocksize;
-       }
+               ejtag_ctrl = buf_get_u32(scan_in[scan_count].scan_32.ctrl, 0, 32);
+               if (!(ejtag_ctrl & EJTAG_CTRL_PRACC)) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Error: access not pending  count: %d", scan_count);
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                       goto exit;
+               }
 
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < hwordsread; i++)
-               buf[i] = param_out[i];
+               uint32_t addr = buf_get_u32(scan_in[scan_count].scan_32.addr, 0, 32);
+
+               if (store_addr != 0) {
+                       if (!(ejtag_ctrl & EJTAG_CTRL_PRNW)) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("Not a store/write access, count: %d", scan_count);
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto exit;
+                       }
+                       if (addr != store_addr) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("Store address mismatch, read: %x expected: %x count: %d",
+                                               addr, store_addr, scan_count);
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto exit;
+                       }
+                       int buf_index = (addr - MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT) / 4;
+                       buf[buf_index] = buf_get_u32(scan_in[scan_count].scan_32.data, 0, 32);
 
-       free(param_out);
+               } else {
+                       if (ejtag_ctrl & EJTAG_CTRL_PRNW) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("Not a fetch/read access, count: %d", scan_count);
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto exit;
+                       }
+                       if (addr != fetch_addr) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("Fetch addr mismatch, read: %x expected: %x count: %d", addr, fetch_addr, scan_count);
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto exit;
+                       }
+                       fetch_addr += 4;
+               }
+               scan_count++;
+       }
+exit:
+       free(scan_in);
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_read_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf)
+int mips32_pracc_read_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* $9 = mem[$8]; read addr */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* $10 = mem[$8 + 4]; read count */
-               MIPS32_LUI(11, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),        /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(11, 11, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq 0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LBU(8, 0, 9),                                                            /* lw $8,0($9), Load t4 with the byte @mem[t1] */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 11),                                                            /* sw $8,0($11) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 1),                                                           /* $9 += 1 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(11, 11, 4),                                                         /* $11 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(27)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 9};
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
+
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR));                      /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16((addr + 0x8000))));            /* load  $8 with modified upper address */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LW(8, LOWER16(addr), 8));                             /* lw $8, LOWER16(addr)($8) */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT,
+                               MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET, 15));                    /* sw $8,PRACC_OUT_OFFSET($15) */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));           /* restore upper 16 of $8 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));                /* restore lower 16 of $8 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                        /* jump to start */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+
+       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, buf);
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       return ctx.retval;
+}
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_out = malloc(count * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       if (param_out == NULL) {
-               LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
+int mips32_pracc_read_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
+{
+       if (count == 1 && size == 4)
+               return mips32_pracc_read_u32(ejtag_info, addr, (uint32_t *)buf);
+
+       uint32_t *data = NULL;
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 256 * 3 + 9 + 1};    /* alloc memory for the worst case */
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
+
+       if (size != 4) {
+               data = malloc(256 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+               if (data == NULL) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
+                       goto exit;
+               }
        }
 
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       int blocksize;
-       uint32_t param_in[2];
-       int bytesread = 0;
-
-       while (count > 0) {
-               blocksize = count;
-               if (count > 0x400)
-                       blocksize = 0x400;
-
-               param_in[0] = addr;
-               param_in[1] = blocksize;
-
-               retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, count, &param_out[bytesread], 1);
-
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
+       uint32_t *buf32 = buf;
+       uint16_t *buf16 = buf;
+       uint8_t *buf8 = buf;
+
+       while (count) {
+               ctx.code_count = 0;
+               ctx.store_count = 0;
+               int this_round_count = (count > 256) ? 256 : count;
+               uint32_t last_upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* save $15 in DeSave */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR));                      /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(9, last_upper_base_addr));                /* load the upper memory address in $9 */
+
+               for (int i = 0; i != this_round_count; i++) {                   /* Main code loop */
+                       uint32_t upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+                       if (last_upper_base_addr != upper_base_addr) {                  /* if needed, change upper address in $9 */
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(9, upper_base_addr));
+                               last_upper_base_addr = upper_base_addr;
+                       }
+
+                       if (size == 4)
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LW(8, LOWER16(addr), 9));             /* load from memory to $8 */
+                       else if (size == 2)
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LHU(8, LOWER16(addr), 9));
+                       else
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LBU(8, LOWER16(addr), 9));
 
-               count -= blocksize;
-               addr += blocksize;
-               bytesread += blocksize;
+                       pracc_add(&ctx, MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + i * 4,
+                                         MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + i * 4, 15));          /* store $8 at param out */
+                       addr += size;
+               }
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));           /* restore upper 16 bits of reg 8 */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));        /* restore lower 16 bits of reg 8 */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(9, UPPER16(ejtag_info->reg9)));           /* restore upper 16 bits of reg 9 */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(9, 9, LOWER16(ejtag_info->reg9)));        /* restore lower 16 bits of reg 9 */
+
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                /* jump to start */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* restore $15 from DeSave */
+
+               if (size == 4) {
+                       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, buf32);
+                       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               goto exit;
+                       buf32 += this_round_count;
+               } else {
+                       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, data);
+                       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               goto exit;
+
+                       uint32_t *data_p = data;
+                       for (int i = 0; i != this_round_count; i++) {
+                               if (size == 2)
+                                       *buf16++ = *data_p++;
+                               else
+                                       *buf8++ = *data_p++;
+                       }
+               }
+               count -= this_round_count;
        }
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < bytesread; i++)
-               buf[i] = param_out[i];
-
-       free(param_out);
-       return retval;
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       if (data != NULL)
+               free(data);
+       return ctx.retval;
 }
 
 int mips32_cp0_read(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *val, uint32_t cp0_reg, uint32_t cp0_sel)
 {
-       /**
-        * Do not make this code static, but regenerate it every time,
-        * as 5th element has to be changed to add parameters
-        */
-       uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-
-               /* 5 */ MIPS32_MFC0(8, 0, 0),                                           /* move COP0 [cp0_reg select] to $8 */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(9, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),         /* $11 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(9, 9, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 9),                                                                     /* sw $8,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(12)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 8};
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
+
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(15, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR));                      /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(8, 0, 0) | (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel);   /* move COP0 [cp0_reg select] to $8 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT,
+                               MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET, 15));                    /* store $8 to pracc_out */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));           /* restore upper 16 bits  of $8 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                        /* jump to start */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));                /* restore lower 16 bits of $8 */
+
+       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, val);
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       return ctx.retval;
 
        /**
         * Note that our input parametes cp0_reg and cp0_sel
@@ -595,57 +546,37 @@ int mips32_cp0_read(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *val, uint32_t cp0_r
         *
         * MIPS32_MTC0 is implemented via MIPS32_R_INST macro.
         * In order to insert our parameters, we must change rd and funct fields.
-        */
-       code[5] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;  /* change rd and funct of MIPS32_R_INST macro */
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_out = val;
-       int retval;
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 0, NULL, 1, param_out, 1);
-
-       return retval;
+        *
+        * code[2] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;   change rd and funct of MIPS32_R_INST macro
+        **/
 }
 
-int mips32_cp0_write(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
-               uint32_t val, uint32_t cp0_reg, uint32_t cp0_sel)
+int mips32_cp0_write(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t val, uint32_t cp0_reg, uint32_t cp0_sel)
 {
-       uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 6};
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
 
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write val to $9 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(val)));                               /* Load val to $15 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(val)));
 
-               /* 8 */ MIPS32_MTC0(9, 0, 0),                                           /* move $9 to COP0 [cp0_reg select] */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(15, 0, 0) | (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel);  /* write cp0 reg / sel */
 
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(12)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                        /* jump to start */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0));                                     /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+
+       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, NULL);
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       return ctx.retval;
 
        /**
         * Note that MIPS32_MTC0 macro is implemented via MIPS32_R_INST macro.
         * In order to insert our parameters, we must change rd and funct fields.
-        */
-       code[8] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;  /* change rd and funct fields of MIPS32_R_INST macro */
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc(1 * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       int retval;
-       param_in[0] = val;
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code, 1, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
+        * code[3] |= (cp0_reg << 11) | cp0_sel;   change rd and funct fields of MIPS32_R_INST macro
+        **/
 }
 
 /**
@@ -798,27 +729,79 @@ static int mips32_pracc_clean_invalidate_cache(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info,
        return retval;
 }
 
-
-int mips32_pracc_write_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
+static int mips32_pracc_write_mem_generic(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
 {
-       int retval;
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 128 * 3 + 6 + 1};    /* alloc memory for the worst case */
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
+
+       uint32_t *buf32 = buf;
+       uint16_t *buf16 = buf;
+       uint8_t *buf8 = buf;
+
+       while (count) {
+               ctx.code_count = 0;
+               ctx.store_count = 0;
+               int this_round_count = (count > 128) ? 128 : count;
+               uint32_t last_upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0));                             /* save $15 in DeSave */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(15, last_upper_base_addr));               /* load $15 with memory base address */
+
+               for (int i = 0; i != this_round_count; i++) {
+                       uint32_t upper_base_addr = UPPER16((addr + 0x8000));
+                       if (last_upper_base_addr != upper_base_addr) {
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(15, upper_base_addr));    /* if needed, change upper address in $15*/
+                               last_upper_base_addr = upper_base_addr;
+                       }
+
+                       if (size == 4) {                        /* for word writes check if one half word is 0 and load it accordingly */
+                               if (LOWER16(*buf32) == 0)
+                                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(*buf32)));             /* load only upper value */
+                               else if (UPPER16(*buf32) == 0)
+                                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 0, LOWER16(*buf32)));  /* load only lower */
+                               else {
+                                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(*buf32)));             /* load upper and lower */
+                                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(*buf32)));
+                               }
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_SW(8, LOWER16(addr), 15));            /* store word to memory */
+                               buf32++;
+
+                       } else if (size == 2) {
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 0, *buf16));           /* load lower value */
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_SH(8, LOWER16(addr), 15));    /* store half word to memory */
+                               buf16++;
+
+                       } else {
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 0, *buf8));            /* load lower value */
+                               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_SB(8, LOWER16(addr), 15));    /* store byte to memory */
+                               buf8++;
+                       }
+                       addr += size;
+               }
 
-       switch (size) {
-               case 1:
-                       retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem8(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint8_t *)buf);
-                       break;
-               case 2:
-                       retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem16(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint16_t *)buf);
-                       break;
-               case 4:
-                       if (count == 1)
-                               retval = mips32_pracc_write_u32(ejtag_info, addr, (uint32_t *)buf);
-                       else
-                               retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem32(ejtag_info, addr, count, (uint32_t *)buf);
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));           /* restore upper 16 bits of reg 8 */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(ejtag_info->reg8)));        /* restore lower 16 bits of reg 8 */
+
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                /* jump to start */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0));                             /* restore $15 from DeSave */
+
+               ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, NULL);
+               if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       goto exit;
+               count -= this_round_count;
        }
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       return ctx.retval;
+}
+
+int mips32_pracc_write_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int size, int count, void *buf)
+{
+       int retval = mips32_pracc_write_mem_generic(ejtag_info, addr, size, count, buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
 
        /**
         * If we are in the cachable regoion and cache is activated,
@@ -882,343 +865,98 @@ int mips32_pracc_write_mem(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int siz
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint32_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 15, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),  /* $8= MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write addr to $9 */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* Load write count to $10 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 8),                                                           /* $8 += 8 beginning of data */
-
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 8),                                                            /* lw $11,0($8), Load $11 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 9),                                                            /* sw $11,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 4),                                                           /* $9 += 4 */
-               MIPS32_BNE(10, 9, NEG16(4)),                                            /* bne $10, $9, loop */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 4),                                                           /* $8 += 4 */
-
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(21)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc((count + 2) * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = addr + (count * sizeof(uint32_t));        /* last address */
-
-       memcpy(&param_in[2], buf, count * sizeof(uint32_t));
-
-       int retval;
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               count + 2, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_u32(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, uint32_t *buf)
+int mips32_pracc_write_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(8, NEG16((MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)-4), 15),  /* load R8 @ param_in[1] = data */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, NEG16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK-MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN), 15),              /* load R9 @ param_in[0] = address */
-
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 9),                                                                     /* sw $8,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(11)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+       static const uint32_t cp0_write_code[] = {
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 12, 0),                                                  /* move $1 to status */
+               MIPS32_MTLO(1),                                                                 /* move $1 to lo */
+               MIPS32_MTHI(1),                                                                 /* move $1 to hi */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 8, 0),                                                   /* move $1 to badvaddr */
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 13, 0),                                                  /* move $1 to cause*/
+               MIPS32_MTC0(1, 24, 0),                                                  /* move $1 to depc (pc) */
        };
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t param_in[1 + 1];
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = *buf;
-
-       return mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               ARRAY_SIZE(param_in), param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-}
-
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem16(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint16_t *buf)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write addr to $9 */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* Load write count to $10 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 8),                                                           /* $8 += 8 */
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq $0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 8),                                                            /* lw $11,0($8), Load $11 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SH(11, 0, 9),                                                            /* sh $11,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 2),                                                           /* $9 += 2 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 4),                                                           /* $8 += 4 */
-
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(26)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc((count + 2) * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       int i;
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = count;
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 37 * 2 + 6 + 1};
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
+
+       /* load registers 2 to 31 with lui and ori instructions, check if some instructions can be saved */
+       for (int i = 2; i < 32; i++) {
+               if (LOWER16((regs[i])) == 0)                                    /* if lower half word is 0, lui instruction only */
+                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(i, UPPER16((regs[i]))));
+               else if (UPPER16((regs[i])) == 0)                                       /* if upper half word is 0, ori with $0 only*/
+                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(i, 0, LOWER16((regs[i]))));
+               else {                                                                  /* default, load with lui and ori instructions */
+                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(i, UPPER16((regs[i]))));
+                       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(i, i, LOWER16((regs[i]))));
+               }
+       }
 
-       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-               param_in[i + 2] = buf[i];
+       for (int i = 0; i != 6; i++) {
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16((regs[i + 32]))));             /* load CPO value in $1, with lui and ori */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16((regs[i + 32]))));
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, cp0_write_code[i]);                                  /* write value from $1 to CPO register */
+       }
 
-       int retval;
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               count + 2, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16((regs[1]))));                  /* load upper half word in $1 */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                        /* jump to start */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16((regs[1]))));               /* load lower half word in $1 */
 
-       free(param_in);
+       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, NULL);
 
-       return retval;
+       ejtag_info->reg8 = regs[8];
+       ejtag_info->reg9 = regs[9];
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       return ctx.retval;
 }
 
-static int mips32_pracc_write_mem8(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t addr, int count, uint8_t *buf)
+int mips32_pracc_read_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
 {
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                                       /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),            /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* sw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* sw $11,($15) */
-
-               MIPS32_LUI(8, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),          /* $8 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(8, 8, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 8),                                                                     /* Load write addr to $9 */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 4, 8),                                                            /* Load write count to $10 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 8),                                                           /* $8 += 8 */
-                                                                                                                       /* loop: */
-               MIPS32_BEQ(0, 10, 8),                                                           /* beq $0, $10, end */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 8),                                                            /* lw $11,0($8), Load $11 with the word @mem[$8] */
-               MIPS32_SB(11, 0, 9),                                                            /* sb $11,0($9) */
-
-               MIPS32_ADDI(10, 10, NEG16(1)),                                          /* $10-- */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(9, 9, 1),                                                           /* $9 += 1 */
-               MIPS32_ADDI(8, 8, 4),                                                           /* $8 += 4 */
-
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(8)),                                                                     /* b loop */
-               MIPS32_NOP,
-                                                                                                                       /* end: */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $11,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 0, 15),                                                           /* lw $10,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $9,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 0, 15),                                                            /* lw $8,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(26)),                                                            /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                         /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
+       static int cp0_read_code[] = {
+               MIPS32_MFC0(8, 12, 0),                                                  /* move status to $8 */
+               MIPS32_MFLO(8),                                                                 /* move lo to $8 */
+               MIPS32_MFHI(8),                                                                 /* move hi to $8 */
+               MIPS32_MFC0(8, 8, 0),                                                   /* move badvaddr to $8 */
+               MIPS32_MFC0(8, 13, 0),                                                  /* move cause to $8 */
+               MIPS32_MFC0(8, 24, 0),                                                  /* move depc (pc) to $8 */
        };
 
-       /* TODO remove array */
-       uint32_t *param_in = malloc((count + 2) * sizeof(uint32_t));
-       int retval;
-       int i;
-       param_in[0] = addr;
-       param_in[1] = count;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-               param_in[i + 2] = buf[i];
-
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               count + 2, param_in, 0, NULL, 1);
-
-       free(param_in);
-
-       return retval;
-}
+       struct pracc_queue_info ctx = {.max_code = 48};
+       pracc_queue_init(&ctx);
+       if (ctx.retval != ERROR_OK)
+               goto exit;
 
-int mips32_pracc_write_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                               /* start: */
-               MIPS32_LUI(2, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),  /* $2 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(2, 2, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(1, 1*4, 2),                                                   /* lw $1,1*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_LW(15, 15*4, 2),                                                 /* lw $15,15*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),    /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* sw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),  /* $1 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN */
-               MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_IN)),
-               MIPS32_LW(3, 3*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $3,3*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(4, 4*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $4,4*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(5, 5*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $5,5*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(6, 6*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $6,6*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(7, 7*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $7,7*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(8, 8*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $8,8*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(9, 9*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $9,9*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(10, 10*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $10,10*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(11, 11*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $11,11*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(12, 12*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $12,12*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(13, 13*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $13,13*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(14, 14*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $14,14*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(16, 16*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $16,16*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(17, 17*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $17,17*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(18, 18*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $18,18*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(19, 19*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $19,19*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(20, 20*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $20,20*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(21, 21*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $21,21*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(22, 22*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $22,22*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(23, 23*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $23,23*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(24, 24*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $24,24*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(25, 25*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $25,25*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(26, 26*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $26,26*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(27, 27*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $27,27*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(28, 28*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $28,28*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(29, 29*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $29,29*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(30, 30*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $30,30*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(31, 31*4, 1),                                                 /* lw $31,31*4($1) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 32*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,32*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 12, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to status */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 33*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,33*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTLO(2),                                                                 /* move $2 to lo */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 34*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,34*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTHI(2),                                                                 /* move $2 to hi */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 35*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,35*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 8, 0),                                                   /* move $2 to badvaddr */
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 36*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,36*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 13, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to cause*/
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 37*4, 1),                                                  /* lw $2,37*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 24, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to depc (pc) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 2*4, 1),                                                   /* lw $2,2*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_LW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* lw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(53)),                                                    /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
-
-       int retval;
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MTC0(1, 31, 0));                                              /* move $1 to COP0 DeSave */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_LUI(1, PRACC_UPPER_BASE_ADDR));                               /* $1 = MIP32_PRACC_BASE_ADDR */
 
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-                       MIPS32NUMCOREREGS, regs, 0, NULL, 1);
+       for (int i = 2; i != 32; i++)                                   /* store GPR's 2 to 31 */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + (i * 4),
+                                 MIPS32_SW(i, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + (i * 4), 1));
 
-       return retval;
-}
+       for (int i = 0; i != 6; i++) {
+               pracc_add(&ctx, 0, cp0_read_code[i]);                           /* load COP0 needed registers to $8 */
+               pracc_add(&ctx, MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + (i + 32) * 4,                  /* store $8 at PARAM OUT */
+                                 MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + (i + 32) * 4, 1));
+       }
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(8, 31, 0));                                      /* move DeSave to $8, reg1 value */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT + 4,                                     /* store reg1 value from $8 to param out */
+                         MIPS32_SW(8, PRACC_OUT_OFFSET + 4, 1));
 
-int mips32_pracc_read_regs(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, uint32_t *regs)
-{
-       static const uint32_t code[] = {
-                                                                                                               /* start: */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(2, 31, 0),                                                  /* move $2 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(2, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)), /* $2 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(2, 2, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-               MIPS32_SW(0, 0*4, 2),                                                   /* sw $0,0*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_SW(1, 1*4, 2),                                                   /* sw $1,1*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_SW(15, 15*4, 2),                                                 /* sw $15,15*4($2) */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(2, 31, 0),                                                  /* move COP0 DeSave to $2 */
-               MIPS32_MTC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move $15 to COP0 DeSave */
-               MIPS32_LUI(15, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),    /* $15 = MIPS32_PRACC_STACK */
-               MIPS32_ORI(15, 15, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_STACK)),
-               MIPS32_SW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* sw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 0, 15),                                                    /* sw $2,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LUI(1, UPPER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)), /* $1 = MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT */
-               MIPS32_ORI(1, 1, LOWER16(MIPS32_PRACC_PARAM_OUT)),
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 2*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $2,2*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(3, 3*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $3,3*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(4, 4*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $4,4*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(5, 5*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $5,5*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(6, 6*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $6,6*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(7, 7*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $7,7*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(8, 8*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $8,8*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(9, 9*4, 1),                                                   /* sw $9,9*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(10, 10*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $10,10*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(11, 11*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $11,11*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(12, 12*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $12,12*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(13, 13*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $13,13*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(14, 14*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $14,14*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(16, 16*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $16,16*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(17, 17*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $17,17*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(18, 18*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $18,18*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(19, 19*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $19,19*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(20, 20*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $20,20*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(21, 21*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $21,21*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(22, 22*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $22,22*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(23, 23*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $23,23*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(24, 24*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $24,24*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(25, 25*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $25,25*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(26, 26*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $26,26*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(27, 27*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $27,27*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(28, 28*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $28,28*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(29, 29*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $29,29*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(30, 30*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $30,30*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_SW(31, 31*4, 1),                                                 /* sw $31,31*4($1) */
-
-               MIPS32_MFC0(2, 12, 0),                                                  /* move status to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 32*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,32*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MFLO(2),                                                                 /* move lo to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 33*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,33*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MFHI(2),                                                                 /* move hi to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 34*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,34*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(2, 8, 0),                                                   /* move badvaddr to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 35*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,35*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(2, 13, 0),                                                  /* move cause to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 36*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,36*4($1) */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(2, 24, 0),                                                  /* move depc (pc) to $2 */
-               MIPS32_SW(2, 37*4, 1),                                                  /* sw $2,37*4($1) */
-
-               MIPS32_LW(2, 0, 15),                                                    /* lw $2,($15) */
-               MIPS32_LW(1, 0, 15),                                                    /* lw $1,($15) */
-               MIPS32_B(NEG16(58)),                                                    /* b start */
-               MIPS32_MFC0(15, 31, 0),                                                 /* move COP0 DeSave to $15 */
-       };
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_B(NEG16(ctx.code_count + 1)));                                        /* jump to start */
+       pracc_add(&ctx, 0, MIPS32_MFC0(1, 31, 0));                                      /* move COP0 DeSave to $1, restore reg1 */
 
-       int retval;
+       if (ejtag_info->mode == 0)
+               ctx.store_count++;      /* Needed by legacy code, due to offset from reg0 */
 
-       retval = mips32_pracc_exec(ejtag_info, ARRAY_SIZE(code), code,
-               0, NULL, MIPS32NUMCOREREGS, regs, 1);
+       ctx.retval = mips32_pracc_queue_exec(ejtag_info, &ctx, regs);
 
-       return retval;
+       ejtag_info->reg8 = regs[8];     /* reg8 is saved but not restored, next called function should restore it */
+       ejtag_info->reg9 = regs[9];
+exit:
+       pracc_queue_free(&ctx);
+       return ctx.retval;
 }
 
 /* fastdata upload/download requires an initialized working area
@@ -1284,7 +1022,7 @@ int mips32_pracc_fastdata_xfer(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, struct working_are
 
        /* write program into RAM */
        if (write_t != ejtag_info->fast_access_save) {
-               mips32_pracc_write_mem32(ejtag_info, source->address, ARRAY_SIZE(handler_code), handler_code);
+               mips32_pracc_write_mem_generic(ejtag_info, source->address, 4, ARRAY_SIZE(handler_code), handler_code);
                /* save previous operation to speed to any consecutive read/writes */
                ejtag_info->fast_access_save = write_t;
        }
@@ -1308,6 +1046,7 @@ int mips32_pracc_fastdata_xfer(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, struct working_are
                mips_ejtag_drscan_32_out(ejtag_info, ejtag_ctrl);
        }
 
+       /* wait PrAcc pending bit for FASTDATA write */
        retval = wait_for_pracc_rw(ejtag_info, &ejtag_ctrl);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
@@ -1322,21 +1061,26 @@ int mips32_pracc_fastdata_xfer(struct mips_ejtag *ejtag_info, struct working_are
        if (address != MIPS32_PRACC_FASTDATA_AREA)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       /* wait PrAcc pending bit for FASTDATA write */
-       retval = wait_for_pracc_rw(ejtag_info, &ejtag_ctrl);
-       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               return retval;
-
        /* Send the load start address */
        val = addr;
        mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_FASTDATA);
        mips_ejtag_fastdata_scan(ejtag_info, 1, &val);
 
+       retval = wait_for_pracc_rw(ejtag_info, &ejtag_ctrl);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
+
        /* Send the load end address */
        val = addr + (count - 1) * 4;
+       mips_ejtag_set_instr(ejtag_info, EJTAG_INST_FASTDATA);
        mips_ejtag_fastdata_scan(ejtag_info, 1, &val);
 
+       unsigned num_clocks = 0;        /* like in legacy code */
+       if (ejtag_info->mode != 0)
+               num_clocks = ((uint64_t)(ejtag_info->scan_delay) * jtag_get_speed_khz() + 500000) / 1000000;
+
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+               jtag_add_clocks(num_clocks);
                retval = mips_ejtag_fastdata_scan(ejtag_info, write_t, buf++);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;