]> git.sur5r.net Git - openocd/blobdiff - src/target/target.c
gdb_server: avoid gdb server for virtual targets
[openocd] / src / target / target.c
index 6b034665c757540c799706bcc6e1d53d4a441694..478c39d1bba3a6f2051a9f46fbf4db1003f4775c 100644 (file)
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
  *   Copyright (C) ST-Ericsson SA 2011                                     *
  *   michel.jaouen@stericsson.com : smp minimum support                    *
  *                                                                         *
+ *   Copyright (C) 2011 Andreas Fritiofson                                 *
+ *   andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com                                          *
+ *                                                                         *
  *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
  *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
  *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
  *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
  *                                                                         *
  *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
- *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
- *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
- *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
+ *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
  ***************************************************************************/
+
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "image.h"
 #include "rtos/rtos.h"
+#include "transport/transport.h"
+#include "arm_cti.h"
 
+/* default halt wait timeout (ms) */
+#define DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT 5000
 
-static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, uint32_t address,
-               uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer);
-static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target, uint32_t address,
-               uint32_t size, const uint8_t *buffer);
+static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
+               uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
+static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
+               uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
 static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
-               int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv);
+               int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv);
 static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
-               int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv);
+               int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv);
 static int target_register_user_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx);
+static int target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default(struct target *target,
+               struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info);
+static int target_gdb_fileio_end_default(struct target *target, int retcode,
+               int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c);
+static int target_profiling_default(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
+               uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds);
 
 /* targets */
 extern struct target_type arm7tdmi_target;
@@ -75,19 +87,30 @@ extern struct target_type fa526_target;
 extern struct target_type feroceon_target;
 extern struct target_type dragonite_target;
 extern struct target_type xscale_target;
-extern struct target_type cortexm3_target;
-extern struct target_type cortexa8_target;
+extern struct target_type cortexm_target;
+extern struct target_type cortexa_target;
+extern struct target_type aarch64_target;
+extern struct target_type cortexr4_target;
 extern struct target_type arm11_target;
+extern struct target_type ls1_sap_target;
 extern struct target_type mips_m4k_target;
 extern struct target_type avr_target;
 extern struct target_type dsp563xx_target;
 extern struct target_type dsp5680xx_target;
 extern struct target_type testee_target;
 extern struct target_type avr32_ap7k_target;
-extern struct target_type stm32_stlink_target;
-
-static struct target_type *target_types[] =
-{
+extern struct target_type hla_target;
+extern struct target_type nds32_v2_target;
+extern struct target_type nds32_v3_target;
+extern struct target_type nds32_v3m_target;
+extern struct target_type or1k_target;
+extern struct target_type quark_x10xx_target;
+extern struct target_type quark_d20xx_target;
+extern struct target_type stm8_target;
+extern struct target_type riscv_target;
+extern struct target_type mem_ap_target;
+
+static struct target_type *target_types[] = {
        &arm7tdmi_target,
        &arm9tdmi_target,
        &arm920t_target,
@@ -99,22 +122,38 @@ static struct target_type *target_types[] =
        &feroceon_target,
        &dragonite_target,
        &xscale_target,
-       &cortexm3_target,
-       &cortexa8_target,
+       &cortexm_target,
+       &cortexa_target,
+       &cortexr4_target,
        &arm11_target,
+       &ls1_sap_target,
        &mips_m4k_target,
        &avr_target,
        &dsp563xx_target,
        &dsp5680xx_target,
        &testee_target,
        &avr32_ap7k_target,
-       &stm32_stlink_target,
+       &hla_target,
+       &nds32_v2_target,
+       &nds32_v3_target,
+       &nds32_v3m_target,
+       &or1k_target,
+       &quark_x10xx_target,
+       &quark_d20xx_target,
+       &stm8_target,
+       &riscv_target,
+#if BUILD_TARGET64
+       &aarch64_target,
+#endif
+       &mem_ap_target,
        NULL,
 };
 
-struct target *all_targets = NULL;
-static struct target_event_callback *target_event_callbacks = NULL;
-static struct target_timer_callback *target_timer_callbacks = NULL;
+struct target *all_targets;
+static struct target_event_callback *target_event_callbacks;
+static struct target_timer_callback *target_timer_callbacks;
+LIST_HEAD(target_reset_callback_list);
+LIST_HEAD(target_trace_callback_list);
 static const int polling_interval = 100;
 
 static const Jim_Nvp nvp_assert[] = {
@@ -147,16 +186,13 @@ static const char *target_strerror_safe(int err)
        const Jim_Nvp *n;
 
        n = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_error_target, err);
-       if (n->name == NULL) {
+       if (n->name == NULL)
                return "unknown";
-       } else {
+       else
                return n->name;
-       }
 }
 
 static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_event[] = {
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_OLD_gdb_program_config , .name = "old-gdb_program_config" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_OLD_pre_resume         , .name = "old-pre_resume" },
 
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT, .name = "gdb-halt" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_HALTED, .name = "halted" },
@@ -167,19 +203,12 @@ static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_event[] = {
        { .name = "gdb-start", .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_START },
        { .name = "gdb-end", .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_END },
 
-       /* historical name */
-
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_START, .name = "reset-start" },
-
+       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_START,         .name = "reset-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT_PRE,    .name = "reset-assert-pre" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT,        .name = "reset-assert" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT_POST,   .name = "reset-assert-post" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_DEASSERT_PRE,  .name = "reset-deassert-pre" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_DEASSERT_POST, .name = "reset-deassert-post" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_HALT_PRE,      .name = "reset-halt-pre" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_HALT_POST,     .name = "reset-halt-post" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_WAIT_PRE,      .name = "reset-wait-pre" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_WAIT_POST,     .name = "reset-wait-post" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_INIT,          .name = "reset-init" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_END,           .name = "reset-end" },
 
@@ -198,9 +227,7 @@ static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_event[] = {
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_ERASE_START, .name = "gdb-flash-erase-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_ERASE_END  , .name = "gdb-flash-erase-end" },
 
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_START, .name = "resume-start" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED     , .name = "resume-ok" },
-       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_END  , .name = "resume-end" },
+       { .value = TARGET_EVENT_TRACE_CONFIG, .name = "trace-config" },
 
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
 };
@@ -214,13 +241,14 @@ static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_state[] = {
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
 };
 
-static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_debug_reason [] = {
+static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_debug_reason[] = {
        { .name = "debug-request"            , .value = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ },
        { .name = "breakpoint"               , .value = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT },
        { .name = "watchpoint"               , .value = DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT },
        { .name = "watchpoint-and-breakpoint", .value = DBG_REASON_WPTANDBKPT },
        { .name = "single-step"              , .value = DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP },
        { .name = "target-not-halted"        , .value = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED  },
+       { .name = "program-exit"             , .value = DBG_REASON_EXIT },
        { .name = "undefined"                , .value = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
 };
@@ -254,15 +282,40 @@ const char *debug_reason_name(struct target *t)
        return cp;
 }
 
-const char *
-target_state_name( struct target *t )
+const char *target_state_name(struct target *t)
 {
        const char *cp;
        cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state, t->state)->name;
-       if( !cp ){
+       if (!cp) {
                LOG_ERROR("Invalid target state: %d", (int)(t->state));
                cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
        }
+
+       if (!target_was_examined(t) && t->defer_examine)
+               cp = "examine deferred";
+
+       return cp;
+}
+
+const char *target_event_name(enum target_event event)
+{
+       const char *cp;
+       cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, event)->name;
+       if (!cp) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Invalid target event: %d", (int)(event));
+               cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
+       }
+       return cp;
+}
+
+const char *target_reset_mode_name(enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
+{
+       const char *cp;
+       cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode)->name;
+       if (!cp) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Invalid target reset mode: %d", (int)(reset_mode));
+               cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
+       }
        return cp;
 }
 
@@ -276,14 +329,22 @@ static int new_target_number(void)
        x = -1;
        t = all_targets;
        while (t) {
-               if (x < t->target_number) {
+               if (x < t->target_number)
                        x = t->target_number;
-               }
                t = t->next;
        }
        return x + 1;
 }
 
+/* read a uint64_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
+uint64_t target_buffer_get_u64(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
+{
+       if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+               return le_to_h_u64(buffer);
+       else
+               return be_to_h_u64(buffer);
+}
+
 /* read a uint32_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
 uint32_t target_buffer_get_u32(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
@@ -317,6 +378,15 @@ static uint8_t target_buffer_get_u8(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer
        return *buffer & 0x0ff;
 }
 
+/* write a uint64_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
+void target_buffer_set_u64(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint64_t value)
+{
+       if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+               h_u64_to_le(buffer, value);
+       else
+               h_u64_to_be(buffer, value);
+}
+
 /* write a uint32_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
 void target_buffer_set_u32(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t value)
 {
@@ -350,36 +420,52 @@ static void target_buffer_set_u8(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t
        *buffer = value;
 }
 
+/* write a uint64_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
+void target_buffer_get_u64_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint64_t *dstbuf)
+{
+       uint32_t i;
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+               dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u64(target, &buffer[i * 8]);
+}
+
 /* write a uint32_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
 void target_buffer_get_u32_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint32_t *dstbuf)
 {
        uint32_t i;
-       for(i = 0; i < count; i ++)
-               dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u32(target,&buffer[i*4]);
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+               dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i * 4]);
 }
 
 /* write a uint16_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
 void target_buffer_get_u16_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint16_t *dstbuf)
 {
        uint32_t i;
-       for(i = 0; i < count; i ++)
-               dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u16(target,&buffer[i*2]);
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+               dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &buffer[i * 2]);
+}
+
+/* write a uint64_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
+void target_buffer_set_u64_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint64_t *srcbuf)
+{
+       uint32_t i;
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+               target_buffer_set_u64(target, &buffer[i * 8], srcbuf[i]);
 }
 
 /* write a uint32_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
-void target_buffer_set_u32_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint32_t *srcbuf)
+void target_buffer_set_u32_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint32_t *srcbuf)
 {
        uint32_t i;
-       for(i = 0; i < count; i ++)
-               target_buffer_set_u32(target,&buffer[i*4],srcbuf[i]);
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+               target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i * 4], srcbuf[i]);
 }
 
 /* write a uint16_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
-void target_buffer_set_u16_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint16_t *srcbuf)
+void target_buffer_set_u16_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint16_t *srcbuf)
 {
        uint32_t i;
-       for(i = 0; i < count; i ++)
-               target_buffer_set_u16(target,&buffer[i*2],srcbuf[i]);
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+               target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i * 2], srcbuf[i]);
 }
 
 /* return a pointer to a configured target; id is name or number */
@@ -389,9 +475,9 @@ struct target *get_target(const char *id)
 
        /* try as tcltarget name */
        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
-               if (target->cmd_name == NULL)
+               if (target_name(target) == NULL)
                        continue;
-               if (strcmp(id, target->cmd_name) == 0)
+               if (strcmp(id, target_name(target)) == 0)
                        return target;
        }
 
@@ -405,7 +491,7 @@ struct target *get_target(const char *id)
        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                if (target->target_number == (int)num) {
                        LOG_WARNING("use '%s' as target identifier, not '%u'",
-                                       target->cmd_name, num);
+                                       target_name(target), num);
                        return target;
                }
        }
@@ -414,26 +500,26 @@ struct target *get_target(const char *id)
 }
 
 /* returns a pointer to the n-th configured target */
-static struct target *get_target_by_num(int num)
+struct target *get_target_by_num(int num)
 {
        struct target *target = all_targets;
 
        while (target) {
-               if (target->target_number == num) {
+               if (target->target_number == num)
                        return target;
-               }
                target = target->next;
        }
 
        return NULL;
 }
 
-struct targetget_current_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
+struct target *get_current_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
 {
-       struct target *target = get_target_by_num(cmd_ctx->current_target);
+       struct target *target = cmd_ctx->current_target_override
+               ? cmd_ctx->current_target_override
+               : cmd_ctx->current_target;
 
-       if (target == NULL)
-       {
+       if (target == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("BUG: current_target out of bounds");
                exit(-1);
        }
@@ -446,8 +532,7 @@ int target_poll(struct target *target)
        int retval;
 
        /* We can't poll until after examine */
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                /* Fail silently lest we pollute the log */
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -456,16 +541,12 @@ int target_poll(struct target *target)
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 
-       if (target->halt_issued)
-       {
+       if (target->halt_issued) {
                if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
-               {
                        target->halt_issued = false;
-               } else
-               {
-                       long long t = timeval_ms() - target->halt_issued_time;
-                       if (t>1000)
-                       {
+               else {
+                       int64_t t = timeval_ms() - target->halt_issued_time;
+                       if (t > DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT) {
                                target->halt_issued = false;
                                LOG_INFO("Halt timed out, wake up GDB.");
                                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
@@ -480,8 +561,7 @@ int target_halt(struct target *target)
 {
        int retval;
        /* We can't poll until after examine */
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -526,24 +606,29 @@ int target_halt(struct target *target)
  * hand the infrastructure for running such helpers might use this
  * procedure but rely on hardware breakpoint to detect termination.)
  */
-int target_resume(struct target *target, int current, uint32_t address, int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
+int target_resume(struct target *target, int current, target_addr_t address,
+               int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
 {
        int retval;
 
        /* We can't poll until after examine */
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
+       target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_START);
+
        /* note that resume *must* be asynchronous. The CPU can halt before
         * we poll. The CPU can even halt at the current PC as a result of
         * a software breakpoint being inserted by (a bug?) the application.
         */
-       if ((retval = target->type->resume(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints, debug_execution)) != ERROR_OK)
+       retval = target->type->resume(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints, debug_execution);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 
+       target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_END);
+
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -558,6 +643,10 @@ static int target_process_reset(struct command_context *cmd_ctx, enum target_res
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
+       struct target *target;
+       for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next)
+               target_call_reset_callbacks(target, reset_mode);
+
        /* disable polling during reset to make reset event scripts
         * more predictable, i.e. dr/irscan & pathmove in events will
         * not have JTAG operations injected into the middle of a sequence.
@@ -573,23 +662,23 @@ static int target_process_reset(struct command_context *cmd_ctx, enum target_res
 
        if (retval != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_MakeErrorMessage(cmd_ctx->interp);
-               command_print(NULL,"%s\n", Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(cmd_ctx->interp), NULL));
+               command_print(NULL, "%s\n", Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(cmd_ctx->interp), NULL));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        /* We want any events to be processed before the prompt */
        retval = target_call_timer_callbacks_now();
 
-       struct target *target;
        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                target->type->check_reset(target);
+               target->running_alg = false;
        }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
 static int identity_virt2phys(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t virtual, uint32_t *physical)
+               target_addr_t virtual, target_addr_t *physical)
 {
        *physical = virtual;
        return ERROR_OK;
@@ -615,7 +704,15 @@ static int default_check_reset(struct target *target)
 
 int target_examine_one(struct target *target)
 {
-       return target->type->examine(target);
+       target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_START);
+
+       int retval = target->type->examine(target);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
+
+       target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_END);
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
 static int jtag_enable_callback(enum jtag_event event, void *priv)
@@ -626,10 +723,10 @@ static int jtag_enable_callback(enum jtag_event event, void *priv)
                return ERROR_OK;
 
        jtag_unregister_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback, target);
+
        return target_examine_one(target);
 }
 
-
 /* Targets that correctly implement init + examine, i.e.
  * no communication with target during init:
  *
@@ -640,57 +737,41 @@ int target_examine(void)
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        struct target *target;
 
-       for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next)
-       {
+       for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                /* defer examination, but don't skip it */
                if (!target->tap->enabled) {
                        jtag_register_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback,
                                        target);
                        continue;
                }
-               if ((retval = target_examine_one(target)) != ERROR_OK)
+
+               if (target->defer_examine)
+                       continue;
+
+               retval = target_examine_one(target);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
        }
        return retval;
 }
+
 const char *target_type_name(struct target *target)
 {
        return target->type->name;
 }
 
-static int target_write_memory_imp(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
-{
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
-       }
-       return target->type->write_memory_imp(target, address, size, count, buffer);
-}
-
-static int target_read_memory_imp(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
-{
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
-               return ERROR_FAIL;
-       }
-       return target->type->read_memory_imp(target, address, size, count, buffer);
-}
-
-static int target_soft_reset_halt_imp(struct target *target)
+static int target_soft_reset_halt(struct target *target)
 {
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
-       if (!target->type->soft_reset_halt_imp) {
+       if (!target->type->soft_reset_halt) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target %s does not support soft_reset_halt",
                                target_name(target));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
-       return target->type->soft_reset_halt_imp(target);
+       return target->type->soft_reset_halt(target);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -712,8 +793,7 @@ int target_run_algorithm(struct target *target,
 {
        int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                goto done;
        }
@@ -735,8 +815,7 @@ done:
 }
 
 /**
- * Downloads a target-specific native code algorithm to the target,
- * executes and leaves it running.
+ * Executes a target-specific native code algorithm and leaves it running.
  *
  * @param target used to run the algorithm
  * @param arch_info target-specific description of the algorithm.
@@ -749,8 +828,7 @@ int target_start_algorithm(struct target *target,
 {
        int retval = ERROR_FAIL;
 
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                goto done;
        }
@@ -809,42 +887,255 @@ done:
        return retval;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Streams data to a circular buffer on target intended for consumption by code
+ * running asynchronously on target.
+ *
+ * This is intended for applications where target-specific native code runs
+ * on the target, receives data from the circular buffer, does something with
+ * it (most likely writing it to a flash memory), and advances the circular
+ * buffer pointer.
+ *
+ * This assumes that the helper algorithm has already been loaded to the target,
+ * but has not been started yet. Given memory and register parameters are passed
+ * to the algorithm.
+ *
+ * The buffer is defined by (buffer_start, buffer_size) arguments and has the
+ * following format:
+ *
+ *     [buffer_start + 0, buffer_start + 4):
+ *         Write Pointer address (aka head). Written and updated by this
+ *         routine when new data is written to the circular buffer.
+ *     [buffer_start + 4, buffer_start + 8):
+ *         Read Pointer address (aka tail). Updated by code running on the
+ *         target after it consumes data.
+ *     [buffer_start + 8, buffer_start + buffer_size):
+ *         Circular buffer contents.
+ *
+ * See contrib/loaders/flash/stm32f1x.S for an example.
+ *
+ * @param target used to run the algorithm
+ * @param buffer address on the host where data to be sent is located
+ * @param count number of blocks to send
+ * @param block_size size in bytes of each block
+ * @param num_mem_params count of memory-based params to pass to algorithm
+ * @param mem_params memory-based params to pass to algorithm
+ * @param num_reg_params count of register-based params to pass to algorithm
+ * @param reg_params memory-based params to pass to algorithm
+ * @param buffer_start address on the target of the circular buffer structure
+ * @param buffer_size size of the circular buffer structure
+ * @param entry_point address on the target to execute to start the algorithm
+ * @param exit_point address at which to set a breakpoint to catch the
+ *     end of the algorithm; can be 0 if target triggers a breakpoint itself
+ */
+
+int target_run_flash_async_algorithm(struct target *target,
+               const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, int block_size,
+               int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
+               int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
+               uint32_t buffer_start, uint32_t buffer_size,
+               uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point, void *arch_info)
+{
+       int retval;
+       int timeout = 0;
+
+       const uint8_t *buffer_orig = buffer;
+
+       /* Set up working area. First word is write pointer, second word is read pointer,
+        * rest is fifo data area. */
+       uint32_t wp_addr = buffer_start;
+       uint32_t rp_addr = buffer_start + 4;
+       uint32_t fifo_start_addr = buffer_start + 8;
+       uint32_t fifo_end_addr = buffer_start + buffer_size;
+
+       uint32_t wp = fifo_start_addr;
+       uint32_t rp = fifo_start_addr;
+
+       /* validate block_size is 2^n */
+       assert(!block_size || !(block_size & (block_size - 1)));
+
+       retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
+       retval = target_write_u32(target, rp_addr, rp);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               return retval;
+
+       /* Start up algorithm on target and let it idle while writing the first chunk */
+       retval = target_start_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
+                       num_reg_params, reg_params,
+                       entry_point,
+                       exit_point,
+                       arch_info);
+
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR("error starting target flash write algorithm");
+               return retval;
+       }
+
+       while (count > 0) {
+
+               retval = target_read_u32(target, rp_addr, &rp);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("failed to get read pointer");
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               LOG_DEBUG("offs 0x%zx count 0x%" PRIx32 " wp 0x%" PRIx32 " rp 0x%" PRIx32,
+                       (size_t) (buffer - buffer_orig), count, wp, rp);
+
+               if (rp == 0) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("flash write algorithm aborted by target");
+                       retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (((rp - fifo_start_addr) & (block_size - 1)) || rp < fifo_start_addr || rp >= fifo_end_addr) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("corrupted fifo read pointer 0x%" PRIx32, rp);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               /* Count the number of bytes available in the fifo without
+                * crossing the wrap around. Make sure to not fill it completely,
+                * because that would make wp == rp and that's the empty condition. */
+               uint32_t thisrun_bytes;
+               if (rp > wp)
+                       thisrun_bytes = rp - wp - block_size;
+               else if (rp > fifo_start_addr)
+                       thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - wp;
+               else
+                       thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - wp - block_size;
+
+               if (thisrun_bytes == 0) {
+                       /* Throttle polling a bit if transfer is (much) faster than flash
+                        * programming. The exact delay shouldn't matter as long as it's
+                        * less than buffer size / flash speed. This is very unlikely to
+                        * run when using high latency connections such as USB. */
+                       alive_sleep(10);
+
+                       /* to stop an infinite loop on some targets check and increment a timeout
+                        * this issue was observed on a stellaris using the new ICDI interface */
+                       if (timeout++ >= 500) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("timeout waiting for algorithm, a target reset is recommended");
+                               return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
+                       }
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* reset our timeout */
+               timeout = 0;
+
+               /* Limit to the amount of data we actually want to write */
+               if (thisrun_bytes > count * block_size)
+                       thisrun_bytes = count * block_size;
+
+               /* Write data to fifo */
+               retval = target_write_buffer(target, wp, thisrun_bytes, buffer);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       break;
+
+               /* Update counters and wrap write pointer */
+               buffer += thisrun_bytes;
+               count -= thisrun_bytes / block_size;
+               wp += thisrun_bytes;
+               if (wp >= fifo_end_addr)
+                       wp = fifo_start_addr;
+
+               /* Store updated write pointer to target */
+               retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               /* abort flash write algorithm on target */
+               target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, 0);
+       }
+
+       int retval2 = target_wait_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
+                       num_reg_params, reg_params,
+                       exit_point,
+                       10000,
+                       arch_info);
+
+       if (retval2 != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR("error waiting for target flash write algorithm");
+               retval = retval2;
+       }
+
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
+               /* check if algorithm set rp = 0 after fifo writer loop finished */
+               retval = target_read_u32(target, rp_addr, &rp);
+               if (retval == ERROR_OK && rp == 0) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("flash write algorithm aborted by target");
+                       retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return retval;
+}
 
 int target_read_memory(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
+               target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+       if (!target->type->read_memory) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support read_memory", target_name(target));
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
        return target->type->read_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
 }
 
-static int target_read_phys_memory(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
+int target_read_phys_memory(struct target *target,
+               target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+       if (!target->type->read_phys_memory) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support read_phys_memory", target_name(target));
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
        return target->type->read_phys_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
 }
 
 int target_write_memory(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
+               target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+       if (!target->type->write_memory) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support write_memory", target_name(target));
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
        return target->type->write_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
 }
 
-static int target_write_phys_memory(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
+int target_write_phys_memory(struct target *target,
+               target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+       if (!target->type->write_phys_memory) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support write_phys_memory", target_name(target));
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
        return target->type->write_phys_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
 }
 
-int target_bulk_write_memory(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
-{
-       return target->type->bulk_write_memory(target, address, count, buffer);
-}
-
 int target_add_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
 {
-       if ((target->state != TARGET_HALTED)&&(breakpoint->type!=BKPT_HARD)) {
-               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted", target->cmd_name);
+       if ((target->state != TARGET_HALTED) && (breakpoint->type != BKPT_HARD)) {
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add breakpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
@@ -854,7 +1145,7 @@ int target_add_context_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
 {
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
-               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted", target->cmd_name);
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add context breakpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_context_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
@@ -864,7 +1155,7 @@ int target_add_hybrid_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
 {
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
-               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted", target->cmd_name);
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add hybrid breakpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_hybrid_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
@@ -880,7 +1171,7 @@ int target_add_watchpoint(struct target *target,
                struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
 {
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
-               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted", target->cmd_name);
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add watchpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
@@ -890,42 +1181,82 @@ int target_remove_watchpoint(struct target *target,
 {
        return target->type->remove_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
 }
+int target_hit_watchpoint(struct target *target,
+               struct watchpoint **hit_watchpoint)
+{
+       if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (hit watchpoint)", target->cmd_name);
+               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
+       }
+
+       if (target->type->hit_watchpoint == NULL) {
+               /* For backward compatible, if hit_watchpoint is not implemented,
+                * return ERROR_FAIL such that gdb_server will not take the nonsense
+                * information. */
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       return target->type->hit_watchpoint(target, hit_watchpoint);
+}
 
 int target_get_gdb_reg_list(struct target *target,
-               struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size)
+               struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
+               enum target_register_class reg_class)
+{
+       return target->type->get_gdb_reg_list(target, reg_list, reg_list_size, reg_class);
+}
+
+bool target_supports_gdb_connection(struct target *target)
 {
-       return target->type->get_gdb_reg_list(target, reg_list, reg_list_size);
+       /*
+        * based on current code, we can simply exclude all the targets that
+        * don't provide get_gdb_reg_list; this could change with new targets.
+        */
+       return !!target->type->get_gdb_reg_list;
 }
+
 int target_step(struct target *target,
-               int current, uint32_t address, int handle_breakpoints)
+               int current, target_addr_t address, int handle_breakpoints)
 {
        return target->type->step(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints);
 }
 
+int target_get_gdb_fileio_info(struct target *target, struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info)
+{
+       if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (gdb fileio)", target->cmd_name);
+               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
+       }
+       return target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info(target, fileio_info);
+}
 
-/**
- * Reset the @c examined flag for the given target.
- * Pure paranoia -- targets are zeroed on allocation.
- */
-static void target_reset_examined(struct target *target)
+int target_gdb_fileio_end(struct target *target, int retcode, int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c)
 {
-       target->examined = false;
+       if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (gdb fileio end)", target->cmd_name);
+               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
+       }
+       return target->type->gdb_fileio_end(target, retcode, fileio_errno, ctrl_c);
 }
 
-static int
-err_read_phys_memory(struct target *target, uint32_t address,
-               uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
+int target_profiling(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
+                       uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds)
 {
-       LOG_ERROR("Not implemented: %s", __func__);
-       return ERROR_FAIL;
+       if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (profiling)", target->cmd_name);
+               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
+       }
+       return target->type->profiling(target, samples, max_num_samples,
+                       num_samples, seconds);
 }
 
-static int
-err_write_phys_memory(struct target *target, uint32_t address,
-               uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
+/**
+ * Reset the @c examined flag for the given target.
+ * Pure paranoia -- targets are zeroed on allocation.
+ */
+static void target_reset_examined(struct target *target)
 {
-       LOG_ERROR("Not implemented: %s", __func__);
-       return ERROR_FAIL;
+       target->examined = false;
 }
 
 static int handle_target(void *priv);
@@ -939,69 +1270,32 @@ static int target_init_one(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
        if (type->examine == NULL)
                type->examine = default_examine;
 
-       if (type->check_reset== NULL)
+       if (type->check_reset == NULL)
                type->check_reset = default_check_reset;
 
        assert(type->init_target != NULL);
 
        int retval = type->init_target(cmd_ctx, target);
-       if (ERROR_OK != retval)
-       {
+       if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                LOG_ERROR("target '%s' init failed", target_name(target));
                return retval;
        }
 
-       /**
-        * @todo get rid of those *memory_imp() methods, now that all
-        * callers are using target_*_memory() accessors ... and make
-        * sure the "physical" paths handle the same issues.
-        */
-       /* a non-invasive way(in terms of patches) to add some code that
-        * runs before the type->write/read_memory implementation
-        */
-       type->write_memory_imp = target->type->write_memory;
-       type->write_memory = target_write_memory_imp;
-
-       type->read_memory_imp = target->type->read_memory;
-       type->read_memory = target_read_memory_imp;
-
-       type->soft_reset_halt_imp = target->type->soft_reset_halt;
-       type->soft_reset_halt = target_soft_reset_halt_imp;
-
        /* Sanity-check MMU support ... stub in what we must, to help
         * implement it in stages, but warn if we need to do so.
         */
-       if (type->mmu)
-       {
-               if (type->write_phys_memory == NULL)
-               {
-                       LOG_ERROR("type '%s' is missing write_phys_memory",
-                                       type->name);
-                       type->write_phys_memory = err_write_phys_memory;
-               }
-               if (type->read_phys_memory == NULL)
-               {
-                       LOG_ERROR("type '%s' is missing read_phys_memory",
-                                       type->name);
-                       type->read_phys_memory = err_read_phys_memory;
-               }
-               if (type->virt2phys == NULL)
-               {
+       if (type->mmu) {
+               if (type->virt2phys == NULL) {
                        LOG_ERROR("type '%s' is missing virt2phys", type->name);
                        type->virt2phys = identity_virt2phys;
                }
-       }
-       else
-       {
+       } else {
                /* Make sure no-MMU targets all behave the same:  make no
                 * distinction between physical and virtual addresses, and
                 * ensure that virt2phys() is always an identity mapping.
                 */
-               if (type->write_phys_memory || type->read_phys_memory
-                               || type->virt2phys)
-               {
+               if (type->write_phys_memory || type->read_phys_memory || type->virt2phys)
                        LOG_WARNING("type '%s' has bad MMU hooks", type->name);
-               }
 
                type->mmu = no_mmu;
                type->write_phys_memory = type->write_memory;
@@ -1015,6 +1309,15 @@ static int target_init_one(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
        if (target->type->write_buffer == NULL)
                target->type->write_buffer = target_write_buffer_default;
 
+       if (target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info == NULL)
+               target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info = target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default;
+
+       if (target->type->gdb_fileio_end == NULL)
+               target->type->gdb_fileio_end = target_gdb_fileio_end_default;
+
+       if (target->type->profiling == NULL)
+               target->type->profiling = target_profiling_default;
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1023,8 +1326,7 @@ static int target_init(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
        struct target *target;
        int retval;
 
-       for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next)
-       {
+       for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                retval = target_init_one(cmd_ctx, target);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                        return retval;
@@ -1052,9 +1354,8 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_init_command)
        if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       static bool target_initialized = false;
-       if (target_initialized)
-       {
+       static bool target_initialized;
+       if (target_initialized) {
                LOG_INFO("'target init' has already been called");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
@@ -1064,21 +1365,27 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_init_command)
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;
 
+       retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_target_events");
+       if (ERROR_OK != retval)
+               return retval;
+
+       retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_board");
+       if (ERROR_OK != retval)
+               return retval;
+
        LOG_DEBUG("Initializing targets...");
        return target_init(CMD_CTX);
 }
 
-int target_register_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target, enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
+int target_register_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
+               enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
 {
        struct target_event_callback **callbacks_p = &target_event_callbacks;
 
        if (callback == NULL)
-       {
-               return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
-       }
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       if (*callbacks_p)
-       {
+       if (*callbacks_p) {
                while ((*callbacks_p)->next)
                        callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
                callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
@@ -1092,18 +1399,58 @@ int target_register_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target, enum t
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
+int target_register_reset_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
+               enum target_reset_mode reset_mode, void *priv), void *priv)
+{
+       struct target_reset_callback *entry;
+
+       if (callback == NULL)
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+
+       entry = malloc(sizeof(struct target_reset_callback));
+       if (entry == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for reset callback entry");
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       entry->callback = callback;
+       entry->priv = priv;
+       list_add(&entry->list, &target_reset_callback_list);
+
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+int target_register_trace_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
+               size_t len, uint8_t *data, void *priv), void *priv)
+{
+       struct target_trace_callback *entry;
+
+       if (callback == NULL)
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+
+       entry = malloc(sizeof(struct target_trace_callback));
+       if (entry == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for trace callback entry");
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+       }
+
+       entry->callback = callback;
+       entry->priv = priv;
+       list_add(&entry->list, &target_trace_callback_list);
+
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
 int target_register_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), int time_ms, int periodic, void *priv)
 {
        struct target_timer_callback **callbacks_p = &target_timer_callbacks;
-       struct timeval now;
 
        if (callback == NULL)
-       {
-               return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
-       }
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       if (*callbacks_p)
-       {
+       if (*callbacks_p) {
                while ((*callbacks_p)->next)
                        callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
                callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
@@ -1113,16 +1460,10 @@ int target_register_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), int time_ms, int
        (*callbacks_p)->callback = callback;
        (*callbacks_p)->periodic = periodic;
        (*callbacks_p)->time_ms = time_ms;
+       (*callbacks_p)->removed = false;
 
-       gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-       (*callbacks_p)->when.tv_usec = now.tv_usec + (time_ms % 1000) * 1000;
-       time_ms -= (time_ms % 1000);
-       (*callbacks_p)->when.tv_sec = now.tv_sec + (time_ms / 1000);
-       if ((*callbacks_p)->when.tv_usec > 1000000)
-       {
-               (*callbacks_p)->when.tv_usec = (*callbacks_p)->when.tv_usec - 1000000;
-               (*callbacks_p)->when.tv_sec += 1;
-       }
+       gettimeofday(&(*callbacks_p)->when, NULL);
+       timeval_add_time(&(*callbacks_p)->when, 0, time_ms * 1000);
 
        (*callbacks_p)->priv = priv;
        (*callbacks_p)->next = NULL;
@@ -1130,26 +1471,22 @@ int target_register_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), int time_ms, int
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int target_unregister_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target, enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
+int target_unregister_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
+               enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
 {
        struct target_event_callback **p = &target_event_callbacks;
        struct target_event_callback *c = target_event_callbacks;
 
        if (callback == NULL)
-       {
-               return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
-       }
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       while (c)
-       {
+       while (c) {
                struct target_event_callback *next = c->next;
-               if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv))
-               {
+               if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv)) {
                        *p = next;
                        free(c);
                        return ERROR_OK;
-               }
-               else
+               } else
                        p = &(c->next);
                c = next;
        }
@@ -1157,52 +1494,76 @@ int target_unregister_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target, enum
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int target_unregister_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), void *priv)
+int target_unregister_reset_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
+               enum target_reset_mode reset_mode, void *priv), void *priv)
 {
-       struct target_timer_callback **p = &target_timer_callbacks;
-       struct target_timer_callback *c = target_timer_callbacks;
+       struct target_reset_callback *entry;
 
        if (callback == NULL)
-       {
-               return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(entry, &target_reset_callback_list, list) {
+               if (entry->callback == callback && entry->priv == priv) {
+                       list_del(&entry->list);
+                       free(entry);
+                       break;
+               }
        }
 
-       while (c)
-       {
-               struct target_timer_callback *next = c->next;
-               if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv))
-               {
-                       *p = next;
-                       free(c);
-                       return ERROR_OK;
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+int target_unregister_trace_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
+               size_t len, uint8_t *data, void *priv), void *priv)
+{
+       struct target_trace_callback *entry;
+
+       if (callback == NULL)
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(entry, &target_trace_callback_list, list) {
+               if (entry->callback == callback && entry->priv == priv) {
+                       list_del(&entry->list);
+                       free(entry);
+                       break;
                }
-               else
-                       p = &(c->next);
-               c = next;
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
+int target_unregister_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), void *priv)
+{
+       if (callback == NULL)
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+
+       for (struct target_timer_callback *c = target_timer_callbacks;
+            c; c = c->next) {
+               if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv)) {
+                       c->removed = true;
+                       return ERROR_OK;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return ERROR_FAIL;
+}
+
 int target_call_event_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_event event)
 {
        struct target_event_callback *callback = target_event_callbacks;
        struct target_event_callback *next_callback;
 
-       if (event == TARGET_EVENT_HALTED)
-       {
+       if (event == TARGET_EVENT_HALTED) {
                /* execute early halted first */
                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("target event %i (%s)",
-                         event,
-                         Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, event)->name);
+       LOG_DEBUG("target event %i (%s)", event,
+                       Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, event)->name);
 
        target_handle_event(target, event);
 
-       while (callback)
-       {
+       while (callback) {
                next_callback = callback->next;
                callback->callback(target, event, callback->priv);
                callback = next_callback;
@@ -1211,18 +1572,34 @@ int target_call_event_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_event event)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
+int target_call_reset_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
+{
+       struct target_reset_callback *callback;
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("target reset %i (%s)", reset_mode,
+                       Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode)->name);
+
+       list_for_each_entry(callback, &target_reset_callback_list, list)
+               callback->callback(target, reset_mode, callback->priv);
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+int target_call_trace_callbacks(struct target *target, size_t len, uint8_t *data)
+{
+       struct target_trace_callback *callback;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(callback, &target_trace_callback_list, list)
+               callback->callback(target, len, data, callback->priv);
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
 static int target_timer_callback_periodic_restart(
                struct target_timer_callback *cb, struct timeval *now)
 {
-       int time_ms = cb->time_ms;
-       cb->when.tv_usec = now->tv_usec + (time_ms % 1000) * 1000;
-       time_ms -= (time_ms % 1000);
-       cb->when.tv_sec = now->tv_sec + time_ms / 1000;
-       if (cb->when.tv_usec > 1000000)
-       {
-               cb->when.tv_usec = cb->when.tv_usec - 1000000;
-               cb->when.tv_sec += 1;
-       }
+       cb->when = *now;
+       timeval_add_time(&cb->when, 0, cb->time_ms * 1000L);
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1239,33 +1616,42 @@ static int target_call_timer_callback(struct target_timer_callback *cb,
 
 static int target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(int checktime)
 {
+       static bool callback_processing;
+
+       /* Do not allow nesting */
+       if (callback_processing)
+               return ERROR_OK;
+
+       callback_processing = true;
+
        keep_alive();
 
        struct timeval now;
        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 
-       struct target_timer_callback *callback = target_timer_callbacks;
-       while (callback)
-       {
-               // cleaning up may unregister and free this callback
-               struct target_timer_callback *next_callback = callback->next;
+       /* Store an address of the place containing a pointer to the
+        * next item; initially, that's a standalone "root of the
+        * list" variable. */
+       struct target_timer_callback **callback = &target_timer_callbacks;
+       while (*callback) {
+               if ((*callback)->removed) {
+                       struct target_timer_callback *p = *callback;
+                       *callback = (*callback)->next;
+                       free(p);
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-               bool call_it = callback->callback &&
-                       ((!checktime && callback->periodic) ||
-                         now.tv_sec > callback->when.tv_sec ||
-                        (now.tv_sec == callback->when.tv_sec &&
-                         now.tv_usec >= callback->when.tv_usec));
+               bool call_it = (*callback)->callback &&
+                       ((!checktime && (*callback)->periodic) ||
+                        timeval_compare(&now, &(*callback)->when) >= 0);
 
                if (call_it)
-               {
-                       int retval = target_call_timer_callback(callback, &now);
-                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                               return retval;
-               }
+                       target_call_timer_callback(*callback, &now);
 
-               callback = next_callback;
+               callback = &(*callback)->next;
        }
 
+       callback_processing = false;
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1280,28 +1666,99 @@ int target_call_timer_callbacks_now(void)
        return target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(0);
 }
 
-int target_alloc_working_area_try(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct working_area **area)
+/* Prints the working area layout for debug purposes */
+static void print_wa_layout(struct target *target)
 {
        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
-       struct working_area *new_wa = NULL;
 
+       while (c) {
+               LOG_DEBUG("%c%c " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "-" TARGET_ADDR_FMT " (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
+                       c->backup ? 'b' : ' ', c->free ? ' ' : '*',
+                       c->address, c->address + c->size - 1, c->size);
+               c = c->next;
+       }
+}
+
+/* Reduce area to size bytes, create a new free area from the remaining bytes, if any. */
+static void target_split_working_area(struct working_area *area, uint32_t size)
+{
+       assert(area->free); /* Shouldn't split an allocated area */
+       assert(size <= area->size); /* Caller should guarantee this */
+
+       /* Split only if not already the right size */
+       if (size < area->size) {
+               struct working_area *new_wa = malloc(sizeof(*new_wa));
+
+               if (new_wa == NULL)
+                       return;
+
+               new_wa->next = area->next;
+               new_wa->size = area->size - size;
+               new_wa->address = area->address + size;
+               new_wa->backup = NULL;
+               new_wa->user = NULL;
+               new_wa->free = true;
+
+               area->next = new_wa;
+               area->size = size;
+
+               /* If backup memory was allocated to this area, it has the wrong size
+                * now so free it and it will be reallocated if/when needed */
+               if (area->backup) {
+                       free(area->backup);
+                       area->backup = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+/* Merge all adjacent free areas into one */
+static void target_merge_working_areas(struct target *target)
+{
+       struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
+
+       while (c && c->next) {
+               assert(c->next->address == c->address + c->size); /* This is an invariant */
+
+               /* Find two adjacent free areas */
+               if (c->free && c->next->free) {
+                       /* Merge the last into the first */
+                       c->size += c->next->size;
+
+                       /* Remove the last */
+                       struct working_area *to_be_freed = c->next;
+                       c->next = c->next->next;
+                       if (to_be_freed->backup)
+                               free(to_be_freed->backup);
+                       free(to_be_freed);
+
+                       /* If backup memory was allocated to the remaining area, it's has
+                        * the wrong size now */
+                       if (c->backup) {
+                               free(c->backup);
+                               c->backup = NULL;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       c = c->next;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+int target_alloc_working_area_try(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct working_area **area)
+{
        /* Reevaluate working area address based on MMU state*/
-       if (target->working_areas == NULL)
-       {
+       if (target->working_areas == NULL) {
                int retval;
                int enabled;
 
                retval = target->type->mmu(target, &enabled);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
                        return retval;
-               }
 
                if (!enabled) {
                        if (target->working_area_phys_spec) {
                                LOG_DEBUG("MMU disabled, using physical "
-                                       "address for working memory 0x%08x",
-                                       (unsigned)target->working_area_phys);
+                                       "address for working memory " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                                       target->working_area_phys);
                                target->working_area = target->working_area_phys;
                        } else {
                                LOG_ERROR("No working memory available. "
@@ -1311,8 +1768,8 @@ int target_alloc_working_area_try(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct w
                } else {
                        if (target->working_area_virt_spec) {
                                LOG_DEBUG("MMU enabled, using virtual "
-                                       "address for working memory 0x%08x",
-                                       (unsigned)target->working_area_virt);
+                                       "address for working memory " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                                       target->working_area_virt);
                                target->working_area = target->working_area_virt;
                        } else {
                                LOG_ERROR("No working memory available. "
@@ -1320,80 +1777,63 @@ int target_alloc_working_area_try(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct w
                                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
                        }
                }
+
+               /* Set up initial working area on first call */
+               struct working_area *new_wa = malloc(sizeof(*new_wa));
+               if (new_wa) {
+                       new_wa->next = NULL;
+                       new_wa->size = target->working_area_size & ~3UL; /* 4-byte align */
+                       new_wa->address = target->working_area;
+                       new_wa->backup = NULL;
+                       new_wa->user = NULL;
+                       new_wa->free = true;
+               }
+
+               target->working_areas = new_wa;
        }
 
        /* only allocate multiples of 4 byte */
        if (size % 4)
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("BUG: code tried to allocate unaligned number of bytes (0x%08x), padding", ((unsigned)(size)));
-               size = (size + 3) & (~3);
-       }
+               size = (size + 3) & (~3UL);
 
-       /* see if there's already a matching working area */
-       while (c)
-       {
-               if ((c->free) && (c->size == size))
-               {
-                       new_wa = c;
+       struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
+
+       /* Find the first large enough working area */
+       while (c) {
+               if (c->free && c->size >= size)
                        break;
-               }
                c = c->next;
        }
 
-       /* if not, allocate a new one */
-       if (!new_wa)
-       {
-               struct working_area **p = &target->working_areas;
-               uint32_t first_free = target->working_area;
-               uint32_t free_size = target->working_area_size;
-
-               c = target->working_areas;
-               while (c)
-               {
-                       first_free += c->size;
-                       free_size -= c->size;
-                       p = &c->next;
-                       c = c->next;
-               }
-
-               if (free_size < size)
-               {
-                       return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
-               }
+       if (c == NULL)
+               return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
 
-               LOG_DEBUG("allocated new working area at address 0x%08x", (unsigned)first_free);
+       /* Split the working area into the requested size */
+       target_split_working_area(c, size);
 
-               new_wa = malloc(sizeof(struct working_area));
-               new_wa->next = NULL;
-               new_wa->size = size;
-               new_wa->address = first_free;
+       LOG_DEBUG("allocated new working area of %" PRIu32 " bytes at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                         size, c->address);
 
-               if (target->backup_working_area)
-               {
-                       int retval;
-                       new_wa->backup = malloc(new_wa->size);
-                       if ((retval = target_read_memory(target, new_wa->address, 4, new_wa->size / 4, new_wa->backup)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
-                               free(new_wa->backup);
-                               free(new_wa);
-                               return retval;
-                       }
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       new_wa->backup = NULL;
+       if (target->backup_working_area) {
+               if (c->backup == NULL) {
+                       c->backup = malloc(c->size);
+                       if (c->backup == NULL)
+                               return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
 
-               /* put new entry in list */
-               *p = new_wa;
+               int retval = target_read_memory(target, c->address, 4, c->size / 4, c->backup);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       return retval;
        }
 
        /* mark as used, and return the new (reused) area */
-       new_wa->free = false;
-       *area = new_wa;
+       c->free = false;
+       *area = c;
 
        /* user pointer */
-       new_wa->user = area;
+       c->user = area;
+
+       print_wa_layout(target);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
@@ -1404,32 +1844,57 @@ int target_alloc_working_area(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct worki
 
        retval = target_alloc_working_area_try(target, size, area);
        if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
-       {
-               LOG_WARNING("not enough working area available(requested %u)", (unsigned)(size));
-       }
+               LOG_WARNING("not enough working area available(requested %"PRIu32")", size);
        return retval;
 
 }
 
+static int target_restore_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
+{
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       if (target->backup_working_area && area->backup != NULL) {
+               retval = target_write_memory(target, area->address, 4, area->size / 4, area->backup);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       LOG_ERROR("failed to restore %" PRIu32 " bytes of working area at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                                       area->size, area->address);
+       }
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+/* Restore the area's backup memory, if any, and return the area to the allocation pool */
 static int target_free_working_area_restore(struct target *target, struct working_area *area, int restore)
 {
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+
        if (area->free)
-               return ERROR_OK;
+               return retval;
 
-       if (restore && target->backup_working_area)
-       {
-               int retval;
-               if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, area->address, 4, area->size / 4, area->backup)) != ERROR_OK)
+       if (restore) {
+               retval = target_restore_working_area(target, area);
+               /* REVISIT: Perhaps the area should be freed even if restoring fails. */
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
        }
 
        area->free = true;
 
+       LOG_DEBUG("freed %" PRIu32 " bytes of working area at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                       area->size, area->address);
+
        /* mark user pointer invalid */
+       /* TODO: Is this really safe? It points to some previous caller's memory.
+        * How could we know that the area pointer is still in that place and not
+        * some other vital data? What's the purpose of this, anyway? */
        *area->user = NULL;
        area->user = NULL;
 
-       return ERROR_OK;
+       target_merge_working_areas(target);
+
+       print_wa_layout(target);
+
+       return retval;
 }
 
 int target_free_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
@@ -1437,6 +1902,80 @@ int target_free_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
        return target_free_working_area_restore(target, area, 1);
 }
 
+static void target_destroy(struct target *target)
+{
+       if (target->type->deinit_target)
+               target->type->deinit_target(target);
+
+       if (target->semihosting)
+               free(target->semihosting);
+
+       jtag_unregister_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback, target);
+
+       struct target_event_action *teap = target->event_action;
+       while (teap) {
+               struct target_event_action *next = teap->next;
+               Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
+               free(teap);
+               teap = next;
+       }
+
+       target_free_all_working_areas(target);
+       /* Now we have none or only one working area marked as free */
+       if (target->working_areas) {
+               free(target->working_areas->backup);
+               free(target->working_areas);
+       }
+
+       /* release the targets SMP list */
+       if (target->smp) {
+               struct target_list *head = target->head;
+               while (head != NULL) {
+                       struct target_list *pos = head->next;
+                       head->target->smp = 0;
+                       free(head);
+                       head = pos;
+               }
+               target->smp = 0;
+       }
+
+       free(target->gdb_port_override);
+       free(target->type);
+       free(target->trace_info);
+       free(target->fileio_info);
+       free(target->cmd_name);
+       free(target);
+}
+
+void target_quit(void)
+{
+       struct target_event_callback *pe = target_event_callbacks;
+       while (pe) {
+               struct target_event_callback *t = pe->next;
+               free(pe);
+               pe = t;
+       }
+       target_event_callbacks = NULL;
+
+       struct target_timer_callback *pt = target_timer_callbacks;
+       while (pt) {
+               struct target_timer_callback *t = pt->next;
+               free(pt);
+               pt = t;
+       }
+       target_timer_callbacks = NULL;
+
+       for (struct target *target = all_targets; target;) {
+               struct target *tmp;
+
+               tmp = target->next;
+               target_destroy(target);
+               target = tmp;
+       }
+
+       all_targets = NULL;
+}
+
 /* free resources and restore memory, if restoring memory fails,
  * free up resources anyway
  */
@@ -1444,20 +1983,24 @@ static void target_free_all_working_areas_restore(struct target *target, int res
 {
        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
 
-       while (c)
-       {
-               struct working_area *next = c->next;
-               target_free_working_area_restore(target, c, restore);
-
-               if (c->backup)
-                       free(c->backup);
+       LOG_DEBUG("freeing all working areas");
 
-               free(c);
-
-               c = next;
+       /* Loop through all areas, restoring the allocated ones and marking them as free */
+       while (c) {
+               if (!c->free) {
+                       if (restore)
+                               target_restore_working_area(target, c);
+                       c->free = true;
+                       *c->user = NULL; /* Same as above */
+                       c->user = NULL;
+               }
+               c = c->next;
        }
 
-       target->working_areas = NULL;
+       /* Run a merge pass to combine all areas into one */
+       target_merge_working_areas(target);
+
+       print_wa_layout(target);
 }
 
 void target_free_all_working_areas(struct target *target)
@@ -1465,17 +2008,33 @@ void target_free_all_working_areas(struct target *target)
        target_free_all_working_areas_restore(target, 1);
 }
 
+/* Find the largest number of bytes that can be allocated */
+uint32_t target_get_working_area_avail(struct target *target)
+{
+       struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
+       uint32_t max_size = 0;
+
+       if (c == NULL)
+               return target->working_area_size;
+
+       while (c) {
+               if (c->free && max_size < c->size)
+                       max_size = c->size;
+
+               c = c->next;
+       }
+
+       return max_size;
+}
+
 int target_arch_state(struct target *target)
 {
        int retval;
-       if (target == NULL)
-       {
-               LOG_USER("No target has been configured");
+       if (target == NULL) {
+               LOG_WARNING("No target has been configured");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
 
-       LOG_USER("target state: %s", target_state_name( target ));
-
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
                return ERROR_OK;
 
@@ -1483,117 +2042,152 @@ int target_arch_state(struct target *target)
        return retval;
 }
 
+static int target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default(struct target *target,
+               struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info)
+{
+       /* If target does not support semi-hosting function, target
+          has no need to provide .get_gdb_fileio_info callback.
+          It just return ERROR_FAIL and gdb_server will return "Txx"
+          as target halted every time.  */
+       return ERROR_FAIL;
+}
+
+static int target_gdb_fileio_end_default(struct target *target,
+               int retcode, int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c)
+{
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+static int target_profiling_default(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
+               uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds)
+{
+       struct timeval timeout, now;
+
+       gettimeofday(&timeout, NULL);
+       timeval_add_time(&timeout, seconds, 0);
+
+       LOG_INFO("Starting profiling. Halting and resuming the"
+                       " target as often as we can...");
+
+       uint32_t sample_count = 0;
+       /* hopefully it is safe to cache! We want to stop/restart as quickly as possible. */
+       struct reg *reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, "pc", 1);
+
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+       for (;;) {
+               target_poll(target);
+               if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
+                       uint32_t t = buf_get_u32(reg->value, 0, 32);
+                       samples[sample_count++] = t;
+                       /* current pc, addr = 0, do not handle breakpoints, not debugging */
+                       retval = target_resume(target, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+                       target_poll(target);
+                       alive_sleep(10); /* sleep 10ms, i.e. <100 samples/second. */
+               } else if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
+                       /* We want to quickly sample the PC. */
+                       retval = target_halt(target);
+               } else {
+                       LOG_INFO("Target not halted or running");
+                       retval = ERROR_OK;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                       break;
+
+               gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+               if ((sample_count >= max_num_samples) || timeval_compare(&now, &timeout) >= 0) {
+                       LOG_INFO("Profiling completed. %" PRIu32 " samples.", sample_count);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       *num_samples = sample_count;
+       return retval;
+}
+
 /* Single aligned words are guaranteed to use 16 or 32 bit access
  * mode respectively, otherwise data is handled as quickly as
  * possible
  */
-int target_write_buffer(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, const uint8_t *buffer)
+int target_write_buffer(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("writing buffer of %i byte at 0x%8.8x",
-                 (int)size, (unsigned)address);
+       LOG_DEBUG("writing buffer of %" PRIi32 " byte at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                         size, address);
 
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (size == 0) {
+       if (size == 0)
                return ERROR_OK;
-       }
 
-       if ((address + size - 1) < address)
-       {
-               /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc*/
-               LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped(0x%08x, 0x%08x)",
-                                 (unsigned)address,
-                                 (unsigned)size);
+       if ((address + size - 1) < address) {
+               /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc */
+               LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped (" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
+                                 address,
+                                 size);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        return target->type->write_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
 }
 
-static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, const uint8_t *buffer)
+static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target,
+       target_addr_t address, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-
-       if (((address % 2) == 0) && (size == 2))
-       {
-               return target_write_memory(target, address, 2, 1, buffer);
-       }
-
-       /* handle unaligned head bytes */
-       if (address % 4)
-       {
-               uint32_t unaligned = 4 - (address % 4);
+       uint32_t size;
 
-               if (unaligned > size)
-                       unaligned = size;
-
-               if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 1, unaligned, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
-
-               buffer += unaligned;
-               address += unaligned;
-               size -= unaligned;
-       }
-
-       /* handle aligned words */
-       if (size >= 4)
-       {
-               int aligned = size - (size % 4);
-
-               /* use bulk writes above a certain limit. This may have to be changed */
-               if (aligned > 128)
-               {
-                       if ((retval = target->type->bulk_write_memory(target, address, aligned / 4, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
-                               return retval;
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 4, aligned / 4, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
+       /* Align up to maximum 4 bytes. The loop condition makes sure the next pass
+        * will have something to do with the size we leave to it. */
+       for (size = 1; size < 4 && count >= size * 2 + (address & size); size *= 2) {
+               if (address & size) {
+                       int retval = target_write_memory(target, address, size, 1, buffer);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                                return retval;
+                       address += size;
+                       count -= size;
+                       buffer += size;
                }
-
-               buffer += aligned;
-               address += aligned;
-               size -= aligned;
        }
 
-       /* handle tail writes of less than 4 bytes */
-       if (size > 0)
-       {
-               if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 1, size, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
+       /* Write the data with as large access size as possible. */
+       for (; size > 0; size /= 2) {
+               uint32_t aligned = count - count % size;
+               if (aligned > 0) {
+                       int retval = target_write_memory(target, address, size, aligned / size, buffer);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               return retval;
+                       address += aligned;
+                       count -= aligned;
+                       buffer += aligned;
+               }
        }
 
-       return retval;
+       return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
 /* Single aligned words are guaranteed to use 16 or 32 bit access
  * mode respectively, otherwise data is handled as quickly as
  * possible
  */
-int target_read_buffer(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
+int target_read_buffer(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       LOG_DEBUG("reading buffer of %i byte at 0x%8.8x",
-                         (int)size, (unsigned)address);
+       LOG_DEBUG("reading buffer of %" PRIi32 " byte at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
+                         size, address);
 
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (size == 0) {
+       if (size == 0)
                return ERROR_OK;
-       }
 
-       if ((address + size - 1) < address)
-       {
-               /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc*/
-               LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped(0x%08" PRIx32 ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
+       if ((address + size - 1) < address) {
+               /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc */
+               LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped (" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
                                  address,
                                  size);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -1602,97 +2196,65 @@ int target_read_buffer(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, u
        return target->type->read_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
 }
 
-static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
+static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
 {
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-
-       if (((address % 2) == 0) && (size == 2))
-       {
-               return target_read_memory(target, address, 2, 1, buffer);
-       }
-
-       /* handle unaligned head bytes */
-       if (address % 4)
-       {
-               uint32_t unaligned = 4 - (address % 4);
-
-               if (unaligned > size)
-                       unaligned = size;
-
-               if ((retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 1, unaligned, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
-
-               buffer += unaligned;
-               address += unaligned;
-               size -= unaligned;
-       }
-
-       /* handle aligned words */
-       if (size >= 4)
-       {
-               int aligned = size - (size % 4);
-
-               if ((retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 4, aligned / 4, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
+       uint32_t size;
 
-               buffer += aligned;
-               address += aligned;
-               size -= aligned;
+       /* Align up to maximum 4 bytes. The loop condition makes sure the next pass
+        * will have something to do with the size we leave to it. */
+       for (size = 1; size < 4 && count >= size * 2 + (address & size); size *= 2) {
+               if (address & size) {
+                       int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, size, 1, buffer);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               return retval;
+                       address += size;
+                       count -= size;
+                       buffer += size;
+               }
        }
 
-       /*prevent byte access when possible (avoid AHB access limitations in some cases)*/
-       if(size >=2)
-       {
-               int aligned = size - (size%2);
-               retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 2, aligned / 2, buffer);
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
-
-               buffer += aligned;
-               address += aligned;
-               size -= aligned;
-       }
-       /* handle tail writes of less than 4 bytes */
-       if (size > 0)
-       {
-               if ((retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 1, size, buffer)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       return retval;
+       /* Read the data with as large access size as possible. */
+       for (; size > 0; size /= 2) {
+               uint32_t aligned = count - count % size;
+               if (aligned > 0) {
+                       int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, size, aligned / size, buffer);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+                               return retval;
+                       address += aligned;
+                       count -= aligned;
+                       buffer += aligned;
+               }
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int target_checksum_memory(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t* crc)
+int target_checksum_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t* crc)
 {
        uint8_t *buffer;
        int retval;
        uint32_t i;
        uint32_t checksum = 0;
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if ((retval = target->type->checksum_memory(target, address,
-               size, &checksum)) != ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       retval = target->type->checksum_memory(target, address, size, &checksum);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                buffer = malloc(size);
-               if (buffer == NULL)
-               {
-                       LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)", (int)size);
-                       return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
+               if (buffer == NULL) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for section (%" PRId32 " bytes)", size);
+                       return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                }
                retval = target_read_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        return retval;
                }
 
                /* convert to target endianness */
-               for (i = 0; i < (size/sizeof(uint32_t)); i++)
-               {
+               for (i = 0; i < (size/sizeof(uint32_t)); i++) {
                        uint32_t target_data;
                        target_data = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i*sizeof(uint32_t)]);
                        target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i*sizeof(uint32_t)], target_data);
@@ -1707,167 +2269,274 @@ int target_checksum_memory(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t siz
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_blank_check_memory(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t* blank)
+int target_blank_check_memory(struct target *target,
+       struct target_memory_check_block *blocks, int num_blocks,
+       uint8_t erased_value)
 {
-       int retval;
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (target->type->blank_check_memory == 0)
+       if (target->type->blank_check_memory == NULL)
                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
 
-       retval = target->type->blank_check_memory(target, address, size, blank);
+       return target->type->blank_check_memory(target, blocks, num_blocks, erased_value);
+}
+
+int target_read_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t *value)
+{
+       uint8_t value_buf[8];
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
+
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
+               *value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, value_buf);
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64 "",
+                                 address,
+                                 *value);
+       } else {
+               *value = 0x0;
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
+                                 address);
+       }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_read_u32(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t *value)
+int target_read_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t *value)
 {
        uint8_t value_buf[4];
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
 
-       if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                *value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_buf);
-               LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
                                  address,
                                  *value);
-       }
-       else
-       {
+       } else {
                *value = 0x0;
-               LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " failed",
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_read_u16(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint16_t *value)
+int target_read_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t *value)
 {
        uint8_t value_buf[2];
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
 
-       if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                *value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_buf);
-               LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%4.4x",
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%4.4" PRIx16,
                                  address,
                                  *value);
-       }
-       else
-       {
+       } else {
                *value = 0x0;
-               LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " failed",
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_read_u8(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint8_t *value)
+int target_read_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t *value)
 {
-       int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 1, 1, value);
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-       {
-               LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%2.2x",
+       int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 1, 1, value);
+
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
                                  address,
                                  *value);
-       }
-       else
-       {
+       } else {
                *value = 0x0;
-               LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " failed",
+               LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_write_u32(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint32_t value)
+int target_write_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t value)
+{
+       int retval;
+       uint8_t value_buf[8];
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64 "",
+                         address,
+                         value);
+
+       target_buffer_set_u64(target, value_buf, value);
+       retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int target_write_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t value)
 {
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[4];
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
                          address,
                          value);
 
        target_buffer_set_u32(target, value_buf, value);
-       if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf)) != ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
-       }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_write_u16(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint16_t value)
+int target_write_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t value)
 {
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[2];
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%8.8x",
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx16,
                          address,
                          value);
 
        target_buffer_set_u16(target, value_buf, value);
-       if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf)) != ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
-       }
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-int target_write_u8(struct target *target, uint32_t address, uint8_t value)
+int target_write_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t value)
 {
        int retval;
-       if (!target_was_examined(target))
-       {
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       LOG_DEBUG("address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", value: 0x%2.2x",
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
                          address, value);
 
-       if ((retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value)) != ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int target_write_phys_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t value)
+{
+       int retval;
+       uint8_t value_buf[8];
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64 "",
+                         address,
+                         value);
+
+       target_buffer_set_u64(target, value_buf, value);
+       retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int target_write_phys_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t value)
+{
+       int retval;
+       uint8_t value_buf[4];
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
+                         address,
+                         value);
+
+       target_buffer_set_u32(target, value_buf, value);
+       retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int target_write_phys_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t value)
+{
+       int retval;
+       uint8_t value_buf[2];
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx16,
+                         address,
+                         value);
+
+       target_buffer_set_u16(target, value_buf, value);
+       retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
+
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int target_write_phys_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t value)
+{
+       int retval;
+       if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
+                         address, value);
+
+       retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+               LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);
+
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -1885,7 +2554,10 @@ static int find_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx, const char *name)
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       cmd_ctx->current_target = target->target_number;
+       cmd_ctx->current_target = target;
+       if (cmd_ctx->current_target_override)
+               cmd_ctx->current_target_override = target;
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1893,8 +2565,7 @@ static int find_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx, const char *name)
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_targets_command)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                retval = find_target(CMD_CTX, CMD_ARGV[0]);
                if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                        /* we're done! */
@@ -1905,17 +2576,16 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_targets_command)
        struct target *target = all_targets;
        command_print(CMD_CTX, "    TargetName         Type       Endian TapName            State       ");
        command_print(CMD_CTX, "--  ------------------ ---------- ------ ------------------ ------------");
-       while (target)
-       {
+       while (target) {
                const char *state;
                char marker = ' ';
 
                if (target->tap->enabled)
-                       state = target_state_name( target );
+                       state = target_state_name(target);
                else
                        state = "tap-disabled";
 
-               if (CMD_CTX->current_target == target->target_number)
+               if (CMD_CTX->current_target == target)
                        marker = '*';
 
                /* keep columns lined up to match the headers above */
@@ -1947,53 +2617,47 @@ static int runSrstDeasserted;
 
 static int sense_handler(void)
 {
-       static int prevSrstAsserted = 0;
-       static int prevPowerdropout = 0;
+       static int prevSrstAsserted;
+       static int prevPowerdropout;
 
-       int retval;
-       if ((retval = jtag_power_dropout(&powerDropout)) != ERROR_OK)
+       int retval = jtag_power_dropout(&powerDropout);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 
        int powerRestored;
        powerRestored = prevPowerdropout && !powerDropout;
        if (powerRestored)
-       {
                runPowerRestore = 1;
-       }
 
-       long long current = timeval_ms();
-       static long long lastPower = 0;
-       int waitMore = lastPower + 2000 > current;
-       if (powerDropout && !waitMore)
-       {
+       int64_t current = timeval_ms();
+       static int64_t lastPower;
+       bool waitMore = lastPower + 2000 > current;
+       if (powerDropout && !waitMore) {
                runPowerDropout = 1;
                lastPower = current;
        }
 
-       if ((retval = jtag_srst_asserted(&srstAsserted)) != ERROR_OK)
+       retval = jtag_srst_asserted(&srstAsserted);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 
        int srstDeasserted;
        srstDeasserted = prevSrstAsserted && !srstAsserted;
 
-       static long long lastSrst = 0;
+       static int64_t lastSrst;
        waitMore = lastSrst + 2000 > current;
-       if (srstDeasserted && !waitMore)
-       {
+       if (srstDeasserted && !waitMore) {
                runSrstDeasserted = 1;
                lastSrst = current;
        }
 
        if (!prevSrstAsserted && srstAsserted)
-       {
                runSrstAsserted = 1;
-       }
 
        prevSrstAsserted = srstAsserted;
        prevPowerdropout = powerDropout;
 
-       if (srstDeasserted || powerRestored)
-       {
+       if (srstDeasserted || powerRestored) {
                /* Other than logging the event we can't do anything here.
                 * Issuing a reset is a particularly bad idea as we might
                 * be inside a reset already.
@@ -2003,25 +2667,20 @@ static int sense_handler(void)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-static int backoff_times = 0;
-static int backoff_count = 0;
-
 /* process target state changes */
 static int handle_target(void *priv)
 {
        Jim_Interp *interp = (Jim_Interp *)priv;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
-       if (!is_jtag_poll_safe())
-       {
+       if (!is_jtag_poll_safe()) {
                /* polling is disabled currently */
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
 
        /* we do not want to recurse here... */
-       static int recursive = 0;
-       if (! recursive)
-       {
+       static int recursive;
+       if (!recursive) {
                recursive = 1;
                sense_handler();
                /* danger! running these procedures can trigger srst assertions and power dropouts.
@@ -2029,31 +2688,26 @@ static int handle_target(void *priv)
                 * clearing the flags after running these events.
                 */
                int did_something = 0;
-               if (runSrstAsserted)
-               {
+               if (runSrstAsserted) {
                        LOG_INFO("srst asserted detected, running srst_asserted proc.");
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "srst_asserted");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
-               if (runSrstDeasserted)
-               {
+               if (runSrstDeasserted) {
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "srst_deasserted");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
-               if (runPowerDropout)
-               {
+               if (runPowerDropout) {
                        LOG_INFO("Power dropout detected, running power_dropout proc.");
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "power_dropout");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
-               if (runPowerRestore)
-               {
+               if (runPowerRestore) {
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "power_restore");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
 
-               if (did_something)
-               {
+               if (did_something) {
                        /* clear detect flags */
                        sense_handler();
                }
@@ -2068,50 +2722,58 @@ static int handle_target(void *priv)
                recursive = 0;
        }
 
-       if (backoff_times > backoff_count)
-       {
-               /* do not poll this time as we failed previously */
-               backoff_count++;
-               return ERROR_OK;
-       }
-       backoff_count = 0;
-
        /* Poll targets for state changes unless that's globally disabled.
         * Skip targets that are currently disabled.
         */
        for (struct target *target = all_targets;
                        is_jtag_poll_safe() && target;
-                       target = target->next)
-       {
+                       target = target->next) {
+
+               if (!target_was_examined(target))
+                       continue;
+
                if (!target->tap->enabled)
                        continue;
 
+               if (target->backoff.times > target->backoff.count) {
+                       /* do not poll this time as we failed previously */
+                       target->backoff.count++;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               target->backoff.count = 0;
+
                /* only poll target if we've got power and srst isn't asserted */
-               if (!powerDropout && !srstAsserted)
-               {
+               if (!powerDropout && !srstAsserted) {
                        /* polling may fail silently until the target has been examined */
-                       if ((retval = target_poll(target)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
+                       retval = target_poll(target);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                /* 100ms polling interval. Increase interval between polling up to 5000ms */
-                               if (backoff_times * polling_interval < 5000)
-                               {
-                                       backoff_times *= 2;
-                                       backoff_times++;
+                               if (target->backoff.times * polling_interval < 5000) {
+                                       target->backoff.times *= 2;
+                                       target->backoff.times++;
                                }
-                               LOG_USER("Polling target failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in %dms", backoff_times * polling_interval);
 
                                /* Tell GDB to halt the debugger. This allows the user to
                                 * run monitor commands to handle the situation.
                                 */
                                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
-                               return retval;
                        }
-                       /* Since we succeeded, we reset backoff count */
-                       if (backoff_times > 0)
-                       {
-                               LOG_USER("Polling succeeded again");
+                       if (target->backoff.times > 0) {
+                               LOG_USER("Polling target %s failed, trying to reexamine", target_name(target));
+                               target_reset_examined(target);
+                               retval = target_examine_one(target);
+                               /* Target examination could have failed due to unstable connection,
+                                * but we set the examined flag anyway to repoll it later */
+                               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                                       target->examined = true;
+                                       LOG_USER("Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in %dms",
+                                                target->backoff.times * polling_interval);
+                                       return retval;
+                               }
                        }
-                       backoff_times = 0;
+
+                       /* Since we succeeded, we reset backoff count */
+                       target->backoff.times = 0;
                }
        }
 
@@ -2130,21 +2792,18 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
        target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
        /* list all available registers for the current target */
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
                struct reg_cache *cache = target->reg_cache;
 
                count = 0;
-               while (cache)
-               {
+               while (cache) {
                        unsigned i;
 
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "===== %s", cache->name);
 
                        for (i = 0, reg = cache->reg_list;
                                        i < cache->num_regs;
-                                       i++, reg++, count++)
-                       {
+                                       i++, reg++, count++) {
                                /* only print cached values if they are valid */
                                if (reg->valid) {
                                        value = buf_to_str(reg->value,
@@ -2170,20 +2829,16 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
        }
 
        /* access a single register by its ordinal number */
-       if ((CMD_ARGV[0][0] >= '0') && (CMD_ARGV[0][0] <= '9'))
-       {
+       if ((CMD_ARGV[0][0] >= '0') && (CMD_ARGV[0][0] <= '9')) {
                unsigned num;
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);
 
                struct reg_cache *cache = target->reg_cache;
                count = 0;
-               while (cache)
-               {
+               while (cache) {
                        unsigned i;
-                       for (i = 0; i < cache->num_regs; i++)
-                       {
-                               if (count++ == num)
-                               {
+                       for (i = 0; i < cache->num_regs; i++) {
+                               if (count++ == num) {
                                        reg = &cache->reg_list[i];
                                        break;
                                }
@@ -2193,17 +2848,16 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
                        cache = cache->next;
                }
 
-               if (!reg)
-               {
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "%i is out of bounds, the current target has only %i registers (0 - %i)", num, count, count - 1);
+               if (!reg) {
+                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "%i is out of bounds, the current target "
+                                       "has only %i registers (0 - %i)", num, count, count - 1);
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
-       } else /* access a single register by its name */
-       {
+       } else {
+               /* access a single register by its name */
                reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, CMD_ARGV[0], 1);
 
-               if (!reg)
-               {
+               if (!reg) {
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "register %s not found in current target", CMD_ARGV[0]);
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
@@ -2212,15 +2866,13 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
        assert(reg != NULL); /* give clang a hint that we *know* reg is != NULL here */
 
        /* display a register */
-       if ((CMD_ARGC == 1) || ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && !((CMD_ARGV[1][0] >= '0') && (CMD_ARGV[1][0] <= '9'))))
-       {
+       if ((CMD_ARGC == 1) || ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && !((CMD_ARGV[1][0] >= '0')
+                       && (CMD_ARGV[1][0] <= '9')))) {
                if ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[1], "force") == 0))
                        reg->valid = 0;
 
                if (reg->valid == 0)
-               {
                        reg->type->get(reg);
-               }
                value = buf_to_str(reg->value, reg->size, 16);
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "%s (/%i): 0x%s", reg->name, (int)(reg->size), value);
                free(value);
@@ -2228,8 +2880,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
        }
 
        /* set register value */
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 2)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
                uint8_t *buf = malloc(DIV_ROUND_UP(reg->size, 8));
                if (buf == NULL)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
@@ -2246,9 +2897,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
 
-       command_print(CMD_CTX, "usage: reg <#|name> [value]");
-
-       return ERROR_OK;
+       return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 }
 
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_poll_command)
@@ -2256,8 +2905,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_poll_command)
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "background polling: %s",
                                jtag_poll_get_enabled() ? "on" : "off");
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "TAP: %s (%s)",
@@ -2265,21 +2913,18 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_poll_command)
                                target->tap->enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
                if (!target->tap->enabled)
                        return ERROR_OK;
-               if ((retval = target_poll(target)) != ERROR_OK)
+               retval = target_poll(target);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
-               if ((retval = target_arch_state(target)) != ERROR_OK)
+               retval = target_arch_state(target);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
-       }
-       else if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
-       {
+       } else if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                bool enable;
                COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[0], enable);
                jtag_poll_set_enabled(enable);
-       }
-       else
-       {
+       } else
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-       }
 
        return retval;
 }
@@ -2289,17 +2934,11 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wait_halt_command)
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       unsigned ms = 5000;
-       if (1 == CMD_ARGC)
-       {
+       unsigned ms = DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT;
+       if (1 == CMD_ARGC) {
                int retval = parse_uint(CMD_ARGV[0], &ms);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval)
-               {
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "usage: %s [seconds]", CMD_NAME);
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-               }
-               // convert seconds (given) to milliseconds (needed)
-               ms *= 1000;
        }
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
@@ -2315,35 +2954,29 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wait_halt_command)
 int target_wait_state(struct target *target, enum target_state state, int ms)
 {
        int retval;
-       long long then = 0, cur;
-       int once = 1;
+       int64_t then = 0, cur;
+       bool once = true;
 
-       for (;;)
-       {
-               if ((retval = target_poll(target)) != ERROR_OK)
+       for (;;) {
+               retval = target_poll(target);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
                if (target->state == state)
-               {
                        break;
-               }
                cur = timeval_ms();
-               if (once)
-               {
-                       once = 0;
+               if (once) {
+                       once = false;
                        then = timeval_ms();
                        LOG_DEBUG("waiting for target %s...",
-                               Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state,state)->name);
+                               Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state, state)->name);
                }
 
                if (cur-then > 500)
-               {
                        keep_alive();
-               }
 
-               if ((cur-then) > ms)
-               {
+               if ((cur-then) > ms) {
                        LOG_ERROR("timed out while waiting for target %s",
-                               Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state,state)->name);
+                               Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state, state)->name);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
        }
@@ -2356,12 +2989,14 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_halt_command)
        LOG_DEBUG("-");
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
+
+       target->verbose_halt_msg = true;
+
        int retval = target_halt(target);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;
 
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                unsigned wait_local;
                retval = parse_uint(CMD_ARGV[0], &wait_local);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval)
@@ -2379,7 +3014,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_soft_reset_halt_command)
 
        LOG_USER("requesting target halt and executing a soft reset");
 
-       target->type->soft_reset_halt(target);
+       target_soft_reset_halt(target);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
@@ -2390,13 +3025,11 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reset_command)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
        enum target_reset_mode reset_mode = RESET_RUN;
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                const Jim_Nvp *n;
                n = Jim_Nvp_name2value_simple(nvp_reset_modes, CMD_ARGV[0]);
-               if ((n->name == NULL) || (n->value == RESET_UNKNOWN)) {
+               if ((n->name == NULL) || (n->value == RESET_UNKNOWN))
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-               }
                reset_mode = n->value;
        }
 
@@ -2412,15 +3045,13 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_resume_command)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
-       target_handle_event(target, TARGET_EVENT_OLD_pre_resume);
 
        /* with no CMD_ARGV, resume from current pc, addr = 0,
         * with one arguments, addr = CMD_ARGV[0],
         * handle breakpoints, not debugging */
-       uint32_t addr = 0;
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
-       {
-               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
+       target_addr_t addr = 0;
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
+               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                current = 0;
        }
 
@@ -2437,11 +3068,10 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_step_command)
        /* with no CMD_ARGV, step from current pc, addr = 0,
         * with one argument addr = CMD_ARGV[0],
         * handle breakpoints, debugging */
-       uint32_t addr = 0;
+       target_addr_t addr = 0;
        int current_pc = 1;
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
-       {
-               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
+               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                current_pc = 0;
        }
 
@@ -2451,7 +3081,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_step_command)
 }
 
 static void handle_md_output(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
-               struct target *target, uint32_t address, unsigned size,
+               struct target *target, target_addr_t address, unsigned size,
                unsigned count, const uint8_t *buffer)
 {
        const unsigned line_bytecnt = 32;
@@ -2462,38 +3092,52 @@ static void handle_md_output(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
 
        const char *value_fmt;
        switch (size) {
-       case 4: value_fmt = "%8.8x "; break;
-       case 2: value_fmt = "%4.4x "; break;
-       case 1: value_fmt = "%2.2x "; break;
+       case 8:
+               value_fmt = "%16.16"PRIx64" ";
+               break;
+       case 4:
+               value_fmt = "%8.8"PRIx64" ";
+               break;
+       case 2:
+               value_fmt = "%4.4"PRIx64" ";
+               break;
+       case 1:
+               value_fmt = "%2.2"PRIx64" ";
+               break;
        default:
                /* "can't happen", caller checked */
                LOG_ERROR("invalid memory read size: %u", size);
                return;
        }
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++)
-       {
-               if (i % line_modulo == 0)
-               {
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+               if (i % line_modulo == 0) {
                        output_len += snprintf(output + output_len,
                                        sizeof(output) - output_len,
-                                       "0x%8.8x: ",
-                                       (unsigned)(address + (i*size)));
+                                       TARGET_ADDR_FMT ": ",
+                                       (address + (i * size)));
                }
 
-               uint32_t value = 0;
+               uint64_t value = 0;
                const uint8_t *value_ptr = buffer + i * size;
                switch (size) {
-               case 4: value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_ptr); break;
-               case 2: value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_ptr); break;
-               case 1: value = *value_ptr;
+               case 8:
+                       value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, value_ptr);
+                       break;
+               case 4:
+                       value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_ptr);
+                       break;
+               case 2:
+                       value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_ptr);
+                       break;
+               case 1:
+                       value = *value_ptr;
                }
                output_len += snprintf(output + output_len,
                                sizeof(output) - output_len,
                                value_fmt, value);
 
-               if ((i % line_modulo == line_modulo - 1) || (i == count - 1))
-               {
+               if ((i % line_modulo == line_modulo - 1) || (i == count - 1)) {
                        command_print(cmd_ctx, "%s", output);
                        output_len = 0;
                }
@@ -2507,37 +3151,46 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_md_command)
 
        unsigned size = 0;
        switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
-       case 'w': size = 4; break;
-       case 'h': size = 2; break;
-       case 'b': size = 1; break;
-       default: return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+       case 'd':
+               size = 8;
+               break;
+       case 'w':
+               size = 4;
+               break;
+       case 'h':
+               size = 2;
+               break;
+       case 'b':
+               size = 1;
+               break;
+       default:
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
 
-       bool physical=strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys")==0;
+       bool physical = strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys") == 0;
        int (*fn)(struct target *target,
-                       uint32_t address, uint32_t size_value, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
-       if (physical)
-       {
+                       target_addr_t address, uint32_t size_value, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
+       if (physical) {
                CMD_ARGC--;
                CMD_ARGV++;
-               fn=target_read_phys_memory;
+               fn = target_read_phys_memory;
        } else
-       {
-               fn=target_read_memory;
-       }
+               fn = target_read_memory;
        if ((CMD_ARGC < 1) || (CMD_ARGC > 2))
-       {
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-       }
 
-       uint32_t address;
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], address);
+       target_addr_t address;
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
 
        unsigned count = 1;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 2)
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], count);
 
        uint8_t *buffer = calloc(count, size);
+       if (buffer == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate md read buffer");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        int retval = fn(target, address, size, count, buffer);
@@ -2550,20 +3203,14 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_md_command)
 }
 
 typedef int (*target_write_fn)(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
-
-static int target_write_memory_fast(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
-{
-       return target_write_buffer(target, address, size * count, buffer);
-}
+               target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
 
 static int target_fill_mem(struct target *target,
-               uint32_t address,
+               target_addr_t address,
                target_write_fn fn,
                unsigned data_size,
                /* value */
-               uint32_t b,
+               uint64_t b,
                /* count */
                unsigned c)
 {
@@ -2571,24 +3218,24 @@ static int target_fill_mem(struct target *target,
         * to fill large memory areas with any sane speed */
        const unsigned chunk_size = 16384;
        uint8_t *target_buf = malloc(chunk_size * data_size);
-       if (target_buf == NULL)
-       {
+       if (target_buf == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
 
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < chunk_size; i ++)
-       {
-               switch (data_size)
-               {
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < chunk_size; i++) {
+               switch (data_size) {
+               case 8:
+                       target_buffer_set_u64(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
+                       break;
                case 4:
-                       target_buffer_set_u32(target, target_buf + i*data_size, b);
+                       target_buffer_set_u32(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                case 2:
-                       target_buffer_set_u16(target, target_buf + i*data_size, b);
+                       target_buffer_set_u16(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                case 1:
-                       target_buffer_set_u8(target, target_buf + i*data_size, b);
+                       target_buffer_set_u8(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                default:
                        exit(-1);
@@ -2597,19 +3244,14 @@ static int target_fill_mem(struct target *target,
 
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
 
-       for (unsigned x = 0; x < c; x += chunk_size)
-       {
+       for (unsigned x = 0; x < c; x += chunk_size) {
                unsigned current;
                current = c - x;
                if (current > chunk_size)
-               {
                        current = chunk_size;
-               }
                retval = fn(target, address + x * data_size, data_size, current, target_buf);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
                        break;
-               }
                /* avoid GDB timeouts */
                keep_alive();
        }
@@ -2622,28 +3264,23 @@ static int target_fill_mem(struct target *target,
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_mw_command)
 {
        if (CMD_ARGC < 2)
-       {
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-       }
-       bool physical=strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys")==0;
+       bool physical = strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys") == 0;
        target_write_fn fn;
-       if (physical)
-       {
+       if (physical) {
                CMD_ARGC--;
                CMD_ARGV++;
-               fn=target_write_phys_memory;
+               fn = target_write_phys_memory;
        } else
-       {
-               fn = target_write_memory_fast;
-       }
+               fn = target_write_memory;
        if ((CMD_ARGC < 2) || (CMD_ARGC > 3))
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       uint32_t address;
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], address);
+       target_addr_t address;
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);
 
-       uint32_t value;
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], value);
+       target_addr_t value;
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], value);
 
        unsigned count = 1;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 3)
@@ -2651,8 +3288,10 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_mw_command)
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        unsigned wordsize;
-       switch (CMD_NAME[2])
-       {
+       switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
+               case 'd':
+                       wordsize = 8;
+                       break;
                case 'w':
                        wordsize = 4;
                        break;
@@ -2670,33 +3309,28 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_mw_command)
 }
 
 static COMMAND_HELPER(parse_load_image_command_CMD_ARGV, struct image *image,
-               uint32_t *min_address, uint32_t *max_address)
+               target_addr_t *min_address, target_addr_t *max_address)
 {
        if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 5)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
        /* a base address isn't always necessary,
         * default to 0x0 (i.e. don't relocate) */
-       if (CMD_ARGC >= 2)
-       {
-               uint32_t addr;
-               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
+       if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
+               target_addr_t addr;
+               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
                image->base_address = addr;
                image->base_address_set = 1;
-       }
-       else
+       } else
                image->base_address_set = 0;
 
        image->start_address_set = 0;
 
        if (CMD_ARGC >= 4)
-       {
-               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], *min_address);
-       }
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 5)
-       {
-               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[4], *max_address);
-               // use size (given) to find max (required)
+               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[3], *min_address);
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 5) {
+               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[4], *max_address);
+               /* use size (given) to find max (required) */
                *max_address += *min_address;
        }
 
@@ -2711,8 +3345,8 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_load_image_command)
        uint8_t *buffer;
        size_t buf_cnt;
        uint32_t image_size;
-       uint32_t min_address = 0;
-       uint32_t max_address = 0xffffffff;
+       target_addr_t min_address = 0;
+       target_addr_t max_address = -1;
        int i;
        struct image image;
 
@@ -2727,25 +3361,22 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_load_image_command)
        duration_start(&bench);
 
        if (image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC >= 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL) != ERROR_OK)
-       {
-               return ERROR_OK;
-       }
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        image_size = 0x0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
-       for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++)
-       {
+       for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
                buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
-               if (buffer == NULL)
-               {
+               if (buffer == NULL) {
                        command_print(CMD_CTX,
                                                  "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                                                  (int)(image.sections[i].size));
+                       retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                        break;
                }
 
-               if ((retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt)) != ERROR_OK)
-               {
+               retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        break;
                }
@@ -2755,37 +3386,34 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_load_image_command)
 
                /* DANGER!!! beware of unsigned comparision here!!! */
 
-               if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address)&&
-                               (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address))
-               {
-                       if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address)
-                       {
+               if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address) &&
+                               (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address)) {
+
+                       if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address) {
                                /* clip addresses below */
                                offset += min_address-image.sections[i].base_address;
                                length -= offset;
                        }
 
                        if (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt > max_address)
-                       {
                                length -= (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt)-max_address;
-                       }
 
-                       if ((retval = target_write_buffer(target, image.sections[i].base_address + offset, length, buffer + offset)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
+                       retval = target_write_buffer(target,
+                                       image.sections[i].base_address + offset, length, buffer + offset);
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                free(buffer);
                                break;
                        }
                        image_size += length;
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "%u bytes written at address 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
-                                                 (unsigned int)length,
-                                                 image.sections[i].base_address + offset);
+                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "%u bytes written at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "",
+                                       (unsigned int)length,
+                                       image.sections[i].base_address + offset);
                }
 
                free(buffer);
        }
 
-       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK))
-       {
+       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "downloaded %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
@@ -2799,64 +3427,73 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_load_image_command)
 
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_dump_image_command)
 {
-       struct fileio fileio;
-       uint8_t buffer[560];
+       struct fileio *fileio;
+       uint8_t *buffer;
        int retval, retvaltemp;
-       uint32_t address, size;
+       target_addr_t address, size;
        struct duration bench;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
        if (CMD_ARGC != 3)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], address);
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], size);
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], address);
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[2], size);
+
+       uint32_t buf_size = (size > 4096) ? 4096 : size;
+       buffer = malloc(buf_size);
+       if (!buffer)
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
 
        retval = fileio_open(&fileio, CMD_ARGV[0], FILEIO_WRITE, FILEIO_BINARY);
-       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               free(buffer);
                return retval;
+       }
 
        duration_start(&bench);
 
-       retval = ERROR_OK;
-       while (size > 0)
-       {
+       while (size > 0) {
                size_t size_written;
-               uint32_t this_run_size = (size > 560) ? 560 : size;
+               uint32_t this_run_size = (size > buf_size) ? buf_size : size;
                retval = target_read_buffer(target, address, this_run_size, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
                        break;
-               }
 
-               retval = fileio_write(&fileio, this_run_size, buffer, &size_written);
+               retval = fileio_write(fileio, this_run_size, buffer, &size_written);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
                        break;
-               }
 
                size -= this_run_size;
                address += this_run_size;
        }
 
-       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK))
-       {
-               int filesize;
-               retval = fileio_size(&fileio, &filesize);
+       free(buffer);
+
+       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
+               size_t filesize;
+               retval = fileio_size(fileio, &filesize);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
                command_print(CMD_CTX,
-                               "dumped %ld bytes in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", (long)filesize,
+                               "dumped %zu bytes in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", filesize,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, filesize));
        }
 
-       if ((retvaltemp = fileio_close(&fileio)) != ERROR_OK)
+       retvaltemp = fileio_close(fileio);
+       if (retvaltemp != ERROR_OK)
                return retvaltemp;
 
        return retval;
 }
 
-static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, int verify)
+enum verify_mode {
+       IMAGE_TEST = 0,
+       IMAGE_VERIFY = 1,
+       IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY = 2
+};
+
+static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, enum verify_mode verify)
 {
        uint8_t *buffer;
        size_t buf_cnt;
@@ -2871,12 +3508,9 @@ static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, int verify)
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
        if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
-       {
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-       }
 
-       if (!target)
-       {
+       if (!target) {
                LOG_ERROR("no target selected");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
@@ -2884,98 +3518,86 @@ static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, int verify)
        struct duration bench;
        duration_start(&bench);
 
-       if (CMD_ARGC >= 2)
-       {
-               uint32_t addr;
-               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
+       if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
+               target_addr_t addr;
+               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
                image.base_address = addr;
                image.base_address_set = 1;
-       }
-       else
-       {
+       } else {
                image.base_address_set = 0;
                image.base_address = 0x0;
        }
 
        image.start_address_set = 0;
 
-       if ((retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC == 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL)) != ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC == 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
-       }
 
        image_size = 0x0;
        int diffs = 0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
-       for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++)
-       {
+       for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
                buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
-               if (buffer == NULL)
-               {
+               if (buffer == NULL) {
                        command_print(CMD_CTX,
-                                                 "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
-                                                 (int)(image.sections[i].size));
+                                       "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
+                                       (int)(image.sections[i].size));
                        break;
                }
-               if ((retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt)) != ERROR_OK)
-               {
+               retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        break;
                }
 
-               if (verify)
-               {
+               if (verify >= IMAGE_VERIFY) {
                        /* calculate checksum of image */
                        retval = image_calculate_checksum(buffer, buf_cnt, &checksum);
-                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                free(buffer);
                                break;
                        }
 
                        retval = target_checksum_memory(target, image.sections[i].base_address, buf_cnt, &mem_checksum);
-                       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
+                       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                free(buffer);
                                break;
                        }
-
-                       if (checksum != mem_checksum)
-                       {
+                       if ((checksum != mem_checksum) && (verify == IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY)) {
+                               LOG_ERROR("checksum mismatch");
+                               free(buffer);
+                               retval = ERROR_FAIL;
+                               goto done;
+                       }
+                       if (checksum != mem_checksum) {
                                /* failed crc checksum, fall back to a binary compare */
                                uint8_t *data;
 
                                if (diffs == 0)
-                               {
                                        LOG_ERROR("checksum mismatch - attempting binary compare");
-                               }
 
-                               data = (uint8_t*)malloc(buf_cnt);
+                               data = malloc(buf_cnt);
 
                                /* Can we use 32bit word accesses? */
                                int size = 1;
                                int count = buf_cnt;
-                               if ((count % 4) == 0)
-                               {
+                               if ((count % 4) == 0) {
                                        size *= 4;
                                        count /= 4;
                                }
                                retval = target_read_memory(target, image.sections[i].base_address, size, count, data);
-                               if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-                               {
+                               if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                                        uint32_t t;
-                                       for (t = 0; t < buf_cnt; t++)
-                                       {
-                                               if (data[t] != buffer[t])
-                                               {
+                                       for (t = 0; t < buf_cnt; t++) {
+                                               if (data[t] != buffer[t]) {
                                                        command_print(CMD_CTX,
                                                                                  "diff %d address 0x%08x. Was 0x%02x instead of 0x%02x",
                                                                                  diffs,
                                                                                  (unsigned)(t + image.sections[i].base_address),
                                                                                  data[t],
                                                                                  buffer[t]);
-                                                       if (diffs++ >= 127)
-                                                       {
+                                                       if (diffs++ >= 127) {
                                                                command_print(CMD_CTX, "More than 128 errors, the rest are not printed.");
                                                                free(data);
                                                                free(buffer);
@@ -2987,9 +3609,8 @@ static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, int verify)
                                }
                                free(data);
                        }
-               } else
-               {
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "address 0x%08" PRIx32 " length 0x%08zx",
+               } else {
+                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " length 0x%08zx",
                                                  image.sections[i].base_address,
                                                  buf_cnt);
                }
@@ -2998,16 +3619,11 @@ static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, int verify)
                image_size += buf_cnt;
        }
        if (diffs > 0)
-       {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "No more differences found.");
-       }
 done:
        if (diffs > 0)
-       {
                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
-       }
-       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK))
-       {
+       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "verified %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
@@ -3018,48 +3634,47 @@ done:
        return retval;
 }
 
+COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_checksum_command)
+{
+       return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY);
+}
+
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command)
 {
-       return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, 1);
+       return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_VERIFY);
 }
 
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_test_image_command)
 {
-       return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, 0);
+       return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_TEST);
 }
 
 static int handle_bp_command_list(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
 {
        struct target *target = get_current_target(cmd_ctx);
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint = target->breakpoints;
-       while (breakpoint)
-       {
-               if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT)
-               {
-                       char* buf = buf_to_str(breakpoint->orig_instr,
+       while (breakpoint) {
+               if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT) {
+                       char *buf = buf_to_str(breakpoint->orig_instr,
                                        breakpoint->length, 16);
-                       command_print(cmd_ctx, "IVA breakpoint: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", 0x%x, %i, 0x%s",
+                       command_print(cmd_ctx, "IVA breakpoint: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%x, %i, 0x%s",
                                        breakpoint->address,
                                        breakpoint->length,
                                        breakpoint->set, buf);
                        free(buf);
-               }
-               else
-               {
+               } else {
                        if ((breakpoint->address == 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0))
                                command_print(cmd_ctx, "Context breakpoint: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", 0x%x, %i",
                                                        breakpoint->asid,
                                                        breakpoint->length, breakpoint->set);
-                       else if ((breakpoint->address != 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0))
-                       {
-                               command_print(cmd_ctx, "Hybrid breakpoint(IVA): 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", 0x%x, %i",
+                       else if ((breakpoint->address != 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0)) {
+                               command_print(cmd_ctx, "Hybrid breakpoint(IVA): " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%x, %i",
                                                        breakpoint->address,
                                                        breakpoint->length, breakpoint->set);
                                command_print(cmd_ctx, "\t|--->linked with ContextID: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
                                                        breakpoint->asid);
-                       }
-                       else
-                               command_print(cmd_ctx, "Breakpoint(IVA): 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", 0x%x, %i",
+                       } else
+                               command_print(cmd_ctx, "Breakpoint(IVA): " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%x, %i",
                                                        breakpoint->address,
                                                        breakpoint->length, breakpoint->set);
                }
@@ -3070,39 +3685,40 @@ static int handle_bp_command_list(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
 }
 
 static int handle_bp_command_set(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
-               uint32_t addr, uint32_t asid, uint32_t length, int hw)
+               target_addr_t addr, uint32_t asid, uint32_t length, int hw)
 {
        struct target *target = get_current_target(cmd_ctx);
+       int retval;
 
-       if (asid == 0)
-       {
-               int retval = breakpoint_add(target, addr, length, hw);
+       if (asid == 0) {
+               retval = breakpoint_add(target, addr, length, hw);
                if (ERROR_OK == retval)
-                       command_print(cmd_ctx, "breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "", addr);
-               else
-               {
+                       command_print(cmd_ctx, "breakpoint set at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "", addr);
+               else {
                        LOG_ERROR("Failure setting breakpoint, the same address(IVA) is already used");
                        return retval;
                }
-       }
-       else if (addr == 0)
-       {
-               int retval = context_breakpoint_add(target, asid, length, hw);
+       } else if (addr == 0) {
+               if (target->type->add_context_breakpoint == NULL) {
+                       LOG_WARNING("Context breakpoint not available");
+                       return ERROR_OK;
+               }
+               retval = context_breakpoint_add(target, asid, length, hw);
                if (ERROR_OK == retval)
                        command_print(cmd_ctx, "Context breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "", asid);
-               else
-               {
+               else {
                        LOG_ERROR("Failure setting breakpoint, the same address(CONTEXTID) is already used");
                        return retval;
                }
-       }
-       else
-       {
-               int retval = hybrid_breakpoint_add(target, addr, asid, length, hw);
-               if(ERROR_OK == retval)
+       } else {
+               if (target->type->add_hybrid_breakpoint == NULL) {
+                       LOG_WARNING("Hybrid breakpoint not available");
+                       return ERROR_OK;
+               }
+               retval = hybrid_breakpoint_add(target, addr, asid, length, hw);
+               if (ERROR_OK == retval)
                        command_print(cmd_ctx, "Hybrid breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "", asid);
-               else
-               {
+               else {
                        LOG_ERROR("Failure setting breakpoint, the same address is already used");
                        return retval;
                }
@@ -3112,50 +3728,44 @@ static int handle_bp_command_set(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
 
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_bp_command)
 {
-       uint32_t addr;
+       target_addr_t addr;
        uint32_t asid;
        uint32_t length;
        int hw = BKPT_SOFT;
-       switch(CMD_ARGC)
-       {
+
+       switch (CMD_ARGC) {
                case 0:
                        return handle_bp_command_list(CMD_CTX);
 
                case 2:
                        asid = 0;
-                       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
+                       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                        return handle_bp_command_set(CMD_CTX, addr, asid, length, hw);
 
                case 3:
-                       if(strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw") == 0)
-                       {
+                       if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw") == 0) {
                                hw = BKPT_HARD;
-                               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
-
+                               COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
-
                                asid = 0;
                                return handle_bp_command_set(CMD_CTX, addr, asid, length, hw);
-                       }
-                       else if(strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw_ctx") == 0)
-                       {
+                       } else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw_ctx") == 0) {
                                hw = BKPT_HARD;
                                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], asid);
                                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                                addr = 0;
                                return handle_bp_command_set(CMD_CTX, addr, asid, length, hw);
                        }
-
+                       /* fallthrough */
                case 4:
                        hw = BKPT_HARD;
-                       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
+                       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], asid);
                        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], length);
                        return handle_bp_command_set(CMD_CTX, addr, asid, length, hw);
 
                default:
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "usage: bp <address> [<asid>]<length> ['hw'|'hw_ctx']");
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
 }
@@ -3165,8 +3775,8 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_rbp_command)
        if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       uint32_t addr;
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
+       target_addr_t addr;
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        breakpoint_remove(target, addr);
@@ -3178,13 +3788,11 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wp_command)
 {
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
 
-       if (CMD_ARGC == 0)
-       {
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
                struct watchpoint *watchpoint = target->watchpoints;
 
-               while (watchpoint)
-               {
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "address: 0x%8.8" PRIx32
+               while (watchpoint) {
+                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
                                        ", len: 0x%8.8" PRIx32
                                        ", r/w/a: %i, value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32
                                        ", mask: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
@@ -3204,17 +3812,15 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wp_command)
        uint32_t data_value = 0x0;
        uint32_t data_mask = 0xffffffff;
 
-       switch (CMD_ARGC)
-       {
+       switch (CMD_ARGC) {
        case 5:
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[4], data_mask);
-               // fall through
+               /* fall through */
        case 4:
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], data_value);
-               // fall through
+               /* fall through */
        case 3:
-               switch (CMD_ARGV[2][0])
-               {
+               switch (CMD_ARGV[2][0]) {
                case 'r':
                        type = WPT_READ;
                        break;
@@ -3228,15 +3834,13 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wp_command)
                        LOG_ERROR("invalid watchpoint mode ('%c')", CMD_ARGV[2][0]);
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                }
-               // fall through
+               /* fall through */
        case 2:
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                break;
 
        default:
-               command_print(CMD_CTX, "usage: wp [address length "
-                               "[(r|w|a) [value [mask]]]]");
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
 
@@ -3262,7 +3866,6 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_rwp_command)
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-
 /**
  * Translate a virtual address to a physical address.
  *
@@ -3274,14 +3877,14 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_virt2phys_command)
        if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
 
-       uint32_t va;
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], va);
-       uint32_t pa;
+       target_addr_t va;
+       COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], va);
+       target_addr_t pa;
 
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        int retval = target->type->virt2phys(target, va, &pa);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-               command_print(CMD_CTX, "Physical address 0x%08" PRIx32 "", pa);
+               command_print(CMD_CTX, "Physical address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "", pa);
 
        return retval;
 }
@@ -3293,15 +3896,12 @@ static void writeData(FILE *f, const void *data, size_t len)
                LOG_ERROR("failed to write %zu bytes: %s", len, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-static void writeLong(FILE *f, int l)
+static void writeLong(FILE *f, int l, struct target *target)
 {
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-       {
-               char c = (l >> (i*8))&0xff;
-               writeData(f, &c, 1);
-       }
+       uint8_t val[4];
 
+       target_buffer_set_u32(target, val, l);
+       writeData(f, val, 4);
 }
 
 static void writeString(FILE *f, char *s)
@@ -3309,68 +3909,80 @@ static void writeString(FILE *f, char *s)
        writeData(f, s, strlen(s));
 }
 
+typedef unsigned char UNIT[2];  /* unit of profiling */
+
 /* Dump a gmon.out histogram file. */
-static void writeGmon(uint32_t *samples, uint32_t sampleNum, const char *filename)
+static void write_gmon(uint32_t *samples, uint32_t sampleNum, const char *filename, bool with_range,
+                       uint32_t start_address, uint32_t end_address, struct target *target, uint32_t duration_ms)
 {
        uint32_t i;
        FILE *f = fopen(filename, "w");
        if (f == NULL)
                return;
        writeString(f, "gmon");
-       writeLong(f, 0x00000001); /* Version */
-       writeLong(f, 0); /* padding */
-       writeLong(f, 0); /* padding */
-       writeLong(f, 0); /* padding */
+       writeLong(f, 0x00000001, target); /* Version */
+       writeLong(f, 0, target); /* padding */
+       writeLong(f, 0, target); /* padding */
+       writeLong(f, 0, target); /* padding */
 
        uint8_t zero = 0;  /* GMON_TAG_TIME_HIST */
        writeData(f, &zero, 1);
 
        /* figure out bucket size */
-       uint32_t min = samples[0];
-       uint32_t max = samples[0];
-       for (i = 0; i < sampleNum; i++)
-       {
-               if (min > samples[i])
-               {
-                       min = samples[i];
-               }
-               if (max < samples[i])
-               {
-                       max = samples[i];
+       uint32_t min;
+       uint32_t max;
+       if (with_range) {
+               min = start_address;
+               max = end_address;
+       } else {
+               min = samples[0];
+               max = samples[0];
+               for (i = 0; i < sampleNum; i++) {
+                       if (min > samples[i])
+                               min = samples[i];
+                       if (max < samples[i])
+                               max = samples[i];
                }
+
+               /* max should be (largest sample + 1)
+                * Refer to binutils/gprof/hist.c (find_histogram_for_pc) */
+               max++;
        }
 
-       int addressSpace = (max - min + 1);
+       int addressSpace = max - min;
        assert(addressSpace >= 2);
 
-       static const uint32_t maxBuckets = 16 * 1024; /* maximum buckets. */
-       uint32_t length = addressSpace;
-       if (length > maxBuckets)
-       {
-               length = maxBuckets;
-       }
-       int *buckets = malloc(sizeof(int)*length);
-       if (buckets == NULL)
-       {
+       /* FIXME: What is the reasonable number of buckets?
+        * The profiling result will be more accurate if there are enough buckets. */
+       static const uint32_t maxBuckets = 128 * 1024; /* maximum buckets. */
+       uint32_t numBuckets = addressSpace / sizeof(UNIT);
+       if (numBuckets > maxBuckets)
+               numBuckets = maxBuckets;
+       int *buckets = malloc(sizeof(int) * numBuckets);
+       if (buckets == NULL) {
                fclose(f);
                return;
        }
-       memset(buckets, 0, sizeof(int)*length);
-       for (i = 0; i < sampleNum;i++)
-       {
+       memset(buckets, 0, sizeof(int) * numBuckets);
+       for (i = 0; i < sampleNum; i++) {
                uint32_t address = samples[i];
-               long long a = address-min;
-               long long b = length-1;
-               long long c = addressSpace-1;
-               int index_t = (a*b)/c; /* danger!!!! int32 overflows */
+
+               if ((address < min) || (max <= address))
+                       continue;
+
+               long long a = address - min;
+               long long b = numBuckets;
+               long long c = addressSpace;
+               int index_t = (a * b) / c; /* danger!!!! int32 overflows */
                buckets[index_t]++;
        }
 
        /* append binary memory gmon.out &profile_hist_hdr ((char*)&profile_hist_hdr + sizeof(struct gmon_hist_hdr)) */
-       writeLong(f, min);                      /* low_pc */
-       writeLong(f, max);                      /* high_pc */
-       writeLong(f, length);           /* # of samples */
-       writeLong(f, 100);                      /* KLUDGE! We lie, ca. 100Hz best case. */
+       writeLong(f, min, target);                      /* low_pc */
+       writeLong(f, max, target);                      /* high_pc */
+       writeLong(f, numBuckets, target);       /* # of buckets */
+       float sample_rate = sampleNum / (duration_ms / 1000.0);
+       writeLong(f, sample_rate, target);
        writeString(f, "seconds");
        for (i = 0; i < (15-strlen("seconds")); i++)
                writeData(f, &zero, 1);
@@ -3378,27 +3990,21 @@ static void writeGmon(uint32_t *samples, uint32_t sampleNum, const char *filenam
 
        /*append binary memory gmon.out profile_hist_data (profile_hist_data + profile_hist_hdr.hist_size) */
 
-       char *data = malloc(2*length);
-       if (data != NULL)
-       {
-               for (i = 0; i < length;i++)
-               {
+       char *data = malloc(2 * numBuckets);
+       if (data != NULL) {
+               for (i = 0; i < numBuckets; i++) {
                        int val;
                        val = buckets[i];
                        if (val > 65535)
-                       {
                                val = 65535;
-                       }
-                       data[i*2]=val&0xff;
-                       data[i*2 + 1]=(val >> 8)&0xff;
+                       data[i * 2] = val&0xff;
+                       data[i * 2 + 1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
                }
                free(buckets);
-               writeData(f, data, length * 2);
+               writeData(f, data, numBuckets * 2);
                free(data);
        } else
-       {
                free(buckets);
-       }
 
        fclose(f);
 }
@@ -3408,94 +4014,76 @@ static void writeGmon(uint32_t *samples, uint32_t sampleNum, const char *filenam
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_profile_command)
 {
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
-       struct timeval timeout, now;
 
-       gettimeofday(&timeout, NULL);
-       if (CMD_ARGC != 2)
-       {
+       if ((CMD_ARGC != 2) && (CMD_ARGC != 4))
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-       }
-       unsigned offset;
-       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], offset);
 
-       timeval_add_time(&timeout, offset, 0);
+       const uint32_t MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM = 10000;
+       uint32_t offset;
+       uint32_t num_of_samples;
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], offset);
+
+       uint32_t *samples = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM);
+       if (samples == NULL) {
+               LOG_ERROR("No memory to store samples.");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
 
+       uint64_t timestart_ms = timeval_ms();
        /**
-        * @todo: Some cores let us sample the PC without the
+        * Some cores let us sample the PC without the
         * annoying halt/resume step; for example, ARMv7 PCSR.
         * Provide a way to use that more efficient mechanism.
         */
+       retval = target_profiling(target, samples, MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM,
+                               &num_of_samples, offset);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               free(samples);
+               return retval;
+       }
+       uint32_t duration_ms = timeval_ms() - timestart_ms;
 
-       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Starting profiling. Halting and resuming the target as often as we can...");
-
-       static const int maxSample = 10000;
-       uint32_t *samples = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t)*maxSample);
-       if (samples == NULL)
-               return ERROR_OK;
-
-       int numSamples = 0;
-       /* hopefully it is safe to cache! We want to stop/restart as quickly as possible. */
-       struct reg *reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, "pc", 1);
+       assert(num_of_samples <= MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM);
 
-       int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       for (;;)
-       {
-               target_poll(target);
-               if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
-               {
-                       uint32_t t=*((uint32_t *)reg->value);
-                       samples[numSamples++]=t;
-                       retval = target_resume(target, 1, 0, 0, 0); /* current pc, addr = 0, do not handle breakpoints, not debugging */
-                       target_poll(target);
-                       alive_sleep(10); /* sleep 10ms, i.e. <100 samples/second. */
-               } else if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING)
-               {
-                       /* We want to quickly sample the PC. */
-                       if ((retval = target_halt(target)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
-                               free(samples);
-                               return retval;
-                       }
-               } else
-               {
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Target not halted or running");
-                       retval = ERROR_OK;
-                       break;
-               }
-               if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
-                       break;
+       retval = target_poll(target);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               free(samples);
+               return retval;
+       }
+       if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
+               retval = target_halt(target);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                       free(samples);
+                       return retval;
                }
+       }
 
-               gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-               if ((numSamples >= maxSample) || ((now.tv_sec >= timeout.tv_sec) && (now.tv_usec >= timeout.tv_usec)))
-               {
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Profiling completed. %d samples.", numSamples);
-                       if ((retval = target_poll(target)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
-                               free(samples);
-                               return retval;
-                       }
-                       if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
-                       {
-                               target_resume(target, 1, 0, 0, 0); /* current pc, addr = 0, do not handle breakpoints, not debugging */
-                       }
-                       if ((retval = target_poll(target)) != ERROR_OK)
-                       {
-                               free(samples);
-                               return retval;
-                       }
-                       writeGmon(samples, numSamples, CMD_ARGV[1]);
-                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Wrote %s", CMD_ARGV[1]);
-                       break;
-               }
+       retval = target_poll(target);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               free(samples);
+               return retval;
        }
-       free(samples);
 
+       uint32_t start_address = 0;
+       uint32_t end_address = 0;
+       bool with_range = false;
+       if (CMD_ARGC == 4) {
+               with_range = true;
+               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], start_address);
+               COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], end_address);
+       }
+
+       write_gmon(samples, num_of_samples, CMD_ARGV[1],
+                  with_range, start_address, end_address, target, duration_ms);
+       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Wrote %s", CMD_ARGV[1]);
+
+       free(samples);
        return retval;
 }
 
-static int new_int_array_element(Jim_Interp * interp, const char *varname, int idx, uint32_t val)
+static int new_int_array_element(Jim_Interp *interp, const char *varname, int idx, uint32_t val)
 {
        char *namebuf;
        Jim_Obj *nameObjPtr, *valObjPtr;
@@ -3507,8 +4095,7 @@ static int new_int_array_element(Jim_Interp * interp, const char *varname, int i
 
        nameObjPtr = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, namebuf, -1);
        valObjPtr = Jim_NewIntObj(interp, val);
-       if (!nameObjPtr || !valObjPtr)
-       {
+       if (!nameObjPtr || !valObjPtr) {
                free(namebuf);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
@@ -3529,16 +4116,15 @@ static int jim_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        struct target *target;
 
        context = current_command_context(interp);
-       assert (context != NULL);
+       assert(context != NULL);
 
        target = get_current_target(context);
-       if (target == NULL)
-       {
+       if (target == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("mem2array: no current target");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
-       return  target_mem2array(interp, target, argc-1, argv + 1);
+       return target_mem2array(interp, target, argc - 1, argv + 1);
 }
 
 static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
@@ -3550,6 +4136,8 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
        uint32_t count;
        uint32_t v;
        const char *varname;
+       const char *phys;
+       bool is_phys;
        int  n, e, retval;
        uint32_t i;
 
@@ -3558,8 +4146,9 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
         * argv[3] = memory address
         * argv[4] = count of times to read
         */
-       if (argc != 4) {
-               Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "varname width addr nelems");
+
+       if (argc < 4 || argc > 5) {
+               Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv, "varname width addr nelems [phys]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        varname = Jim_GetString(argv[0], &len);
@@ -3567,19 +4156,24 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
 
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[1], &l);
        width = l;
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
-       }
 
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[2], &l);
        addr = l;
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
-       }
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[3], &l);
        len = l;
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
+       is_phys = false;
+       if (argc > 4) {
+               phys = Jim_GetString(argv[4], &n);
+               if (!strncmp(phys, "phys", n))
+                       is_phys = true;
+               else
+                       return JIM_ERR;
        }
        switch (width) {
                case 8:
@@ -3623,7 +4217,7 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
                sprintf(buf, "mem2array address: 0x%08" PRIx32 " is not aligned for %" PRId32 " byte reads",
                                addr,
                                width);
-               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), buf , NULL);
+               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), buf, NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
@@ -3643,24 +4237,26 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
                /* Slurp... in buffer size chunks */
 
                count = len; /* in objects.. */
-               if (count > (buffersize/width)) {
-                       count = (buffersize/width);
-               }
+               if (count > (buffersize / width))
+                       count = (buffersize / width);
 
-               retval = target_read_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
+               if (is_phys)
+                       retval = target_read_phys_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
+               else
+                       retval = target_read_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        /* BOO !*/
-                       LOG_ERROR("mem2array: Read @ 0x%08x, w=%d, cnt=%d, failed",
-                                         (unsigned int)addr,
-                                         (int)width,
-                                         (int)count);
+                       LOG_ERROR("mem2array: Read @ 0x%08" PRIx32 ", w=%" PRId32 ", cnt=%" PRId32 ", failed",
+                                         addr,
+                                         width,
+                                         count);
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                        Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "mem2array: cannot read memory", NULL);
                        e = JIM_ERR;
                        break;
                } else {
                        v = 0; /* shut up gcc */
-                       for (i = 0 ;i < count ;i++, n++) {
+                       for (i = 0; i < count ; i++, n++) {
                                switch (width) {
                                        case 4:
                                                v = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i*width]);
@@ -3675,6 +4271,7 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
                                new_int_array_element(interp, varname, n, v);
                        }
                        len -= count;
+                       addr += count * width;
                }
        }
 
@@ -3685,7 +4282,7 @@ static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc,
        return e;
 }
 
-static int get_int_array_element(Jim_Interp * interp, const char *varname, int idx, uint32_t *val)
+static int get_int_array_element(Jim_Interp *interp, const char *varname, int idx, uint32_t *val)
 {
        char *namebuf;
        Jim_Obj *nameObjPtr, *valObjPtr;
@@ -3697,8 +4294,7 @@ static int get_int_array_element(Jim_Interp * interp, const char *varname, int i
                return JIM_ERR;
 
        nameObjPtr = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, namebuf, -1);
-       if (!nameObjPtr)
-       {
+       if (!nameObjPtr) {
                free(namebuf);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
@@ -3722,7 +4318,7 @@ static int jim_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        struct target *target;
 
        context = current_command_context(interp);
-       assert (context != NULL);
+       assert(context != NULL);
 
        target = get_current_target(context);
        if (target == NULL) {
@@ -3730,7 +4326,7 @@ static int jim_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
-       return target_array2mem(interp,target, argc-1, argv + 1);
+       return target_array2mem(interp, target, argc-1, argv + 1);
 }
 
 static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
@@ -3743,6 +4339,8 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
        uint32_t count;
        uint32_t v;
        const char *varname;
+       const char *phys;
+       bool is_phys;
        int  n, e, retval;
        uint32_t i;
 
@@ -3751,8 +4349,8 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
         * argv[3] = memory address
         * argv[4] = count to write
         */
-       if (argc != 4) {
-               Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv, "varname width addr nelems");
+       if (argc < 4 || argc > 5) {
+               Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv, "varname width addr nelems [phys]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        varname = Jim_GetString(argv[0], &len);
@@ -3760,19 +4358,24 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
 
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[1], &l);
        width = l;
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
-       }
 
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[2], &l);
        addr = l;
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
-       }
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[3], &l);
        len = l;
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
+       is_phys = false;
+       if (argc > 4) {
+               phys = Jim_GetString(argv[4], &n);
+               if (!strncmp(phys, "phys", n))
+                       is_phys = true;
+               else
+                       return JIM_ERR;
        }
        switch (width) {
                case 8:
@@ -3786,23 +4389,27 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
                        break;
                default:
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
-                       Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "Invalid width param, must be 8/16/32", NULL);
+                       Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
+                                       "Invalid width param, must be 8/16/32", NULL);
                        return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if (len == 0) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
-               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "array2mem: zero width read?", NULL);
+               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
+                               "array2mem: zero width read?", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if ((addr + (len * width)) < addr) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
-               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "array2mem: addr + len - wraps to zero?", NULL);
+               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
+                               "array2mem: addr + len - wraps to zero?", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        /* absurd transfer size? */
        if (len > 65536) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
-               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "array2mem: absurd > 64K item request", NULL);
+               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
+                               "array2mem: absurd > 64K item request", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
@@ -3813,10 +4420,10 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
        } else {
                char buf[100];
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
-               sprintf(buf, "array2mem address: 0x%08x is not aligned for %d byte reads",
-                               (unsigned int)addr,
-                               (int)width);
-               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), buf , NULL);
+               sprintf(buf, "array2mem address: 0x%08" PRIx32 " is not aligned for %" PRId32 " byte reads",
+                               addr,
+                               width);
+               Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), buf, NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
@@ -3836,19 +4443,18 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
                /* Slurp... in buffer size chunks */
 
                count = len; /* in objects.. */
-               if (count > (buffersize/width)) {
-                       count = (buffersize/width);
-               }
+               if (count > (buffersize / width))
+                       count = (buffersize / width);
 
                v = 0; /* shut up gcc */
-               for (i = 0 ;i < count ;i++, n++) {
+               for (i = 0; i < count; i++, n++) {
                        get_int_array_element(interp, varname, n, &v);
                        switch (width) {
                        case 4:
-                               target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i*width], v);
+                               target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                                break;
                        case 2:
-                               target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i*width], v);
+                               target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                                break;
                        case 1:
                                buffer[i] = v & 0x0ff;
@@ -3857,18 +4463,22 @@ static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
                }
                len -= count;
 
-               retval = target_write_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
+               if (is_phys)
+                       retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
+               else
+                       retval = target_write_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        /* BOO !*/
-                       LOG_ERROR("array2mem: Write @ 0x%08x, w=%d, cnt=%d, failed",
-                                         (unsigned int)addr,
-                                         (int)width,
-                                         (int)count);
+                       LOG_ERROR("array2mem: Write @ 0x%08" PRIx32 ", w=%" PRId32 ", cnt=%" PRId32 ", failed",
+                                         addr,
+                                         width,
+                                         count);
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                        Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "array2mem: cannot read memory", NULL);
                        e = JIM_ERR;
                        break;
                }
+               addr += count * width;
        }
 
        free(buffer);
@@ -3887,18 +4497,28 @@ void target_handle_event(struct target *target, enum target_event e)
 
        for (teap = target->event_action; teap != NULL; teap = teap->next) {
                if (teap->event == e) {
-                       LOG_DEBUG("target: (%d) %s (%s) event: %d (%s) action: %s",
+                       LOG_DEBUG("target(%d): %s (%s) event: %d (%s) action: %s",
                                           target->target_number,
                                           target_name(target),
                                           target_type_name(target),
                                           e,
                                           Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, e)->name,
                                           Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));
-                       if (Jim_EvalObj(teap->interp, teap->body) != JIM_OK)
-                       {
+
+                       /* Override current target by the target an event
+                        * is issued from (lot of scripts need it).
+                        * Return back to previous override as soon
+                        * as the handler processing is done */
+                       struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(teap->interp);
+                       struct target *saved_target_override = cmd_ctx->current_target_override;
+                       cmd_ctx->current_target_override = target;
+
+                       if (Jim_EvalObj(teap->interp, teap->body) != JIM_OK) {
                                Jim_MakeErrorMessage(teap->interp);
-                               command_print(NULL,"%s\n", Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(teap->interp), NULL));
+                               command_print(NULL, "%s\n", Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(teap->interp), NULL));
                        }
+
+                       cmd_ctx->current_target_override = saved_target_override;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -3925,11 +4545,12 @@ enum target_cfg_param {
        TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE,
        TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP,
        TCFG_ENDIAN,
-       TCFG_VARIANT,
        TCFG_COREID,
        TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION,
        TCFG_DBGBASE,
        TCFG_RTOS,
+       TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE,
+       TCFG_GDB_PORT,
 };
 
 static Jim_Nvp nvp_config_opts[] = {
@@ -3940,11 +4561,12 @@ static Jim_Nvp nvp_config_opts[] = {
        { .name = "-work-area-size",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE },
        { .name = "-work-area-backup", .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP },
        { .name = "-endian" ,          .value = TCFG_ENDIAN },
-       { .name = "-variant",          .value = TCFG_VARIANT },
        { .name = "-coreid",           .value = TCFG_COREID },
        { .name = "-chain-position",   .value = TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION },
        { .name = "-dbgbase",          .value = TCFG_DBGBASE },
        { .name = "-rtos",             .value = TCFG_RTOS },
+       { .name = "-defer-examine",    .value = TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE },
+       { .name = "-gdb-port",         .value = TCFG_GDB_PORT },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
 };
 
@@ -3953,7 +4575,6 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        Jim_Obj *o;
        jim_wide w;
-       char *cp;
        int e;
 
        /* parse config or cget options ... */
@@ -3988,7 +4609,7 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                                                "not settable: %s", n->name);
                                return JIM_ERR;
                        } else {
-                       no_params:
+no_params:
                                if (goi->argc != 0) {
                                        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp,
                                                        goi->argc, goi->argv,
@@ -4030,9 +4651,8 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                                teap = target->event_action;
                                /* replace existing? */
                                while (teap) {
-                                       if (teap->event == (enum target_event)n->value) {
+                                       if (teap->event == (enum target_event)n->value)
                                                break;
-                                       }
                                        teap = teap->next;
                                }
 
@@ -4046,9 +4666,8 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                                        teap->event = n->value;
                                        teap->interp = goi->interp;
                                        Jim_GetOpt_Obj(goi, &o);
-                                       if (teap->body) {
+                                       if (teap->body)
                                                Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
-                                       }
                                        teap->body  = Jim_DuplicateObj(goi->interp, o);
                                        /*
                                         * FIXME:
@@ -4062,8 +4681,7 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                                         */
                                        Jim_IncrRefCount(teap->body);
 
-                                       if (!replace)
-                                       {
+                                       if (!replace) {
                                                /* add to head of event list */
                                                teap->next = target->event_action;
                                                target->event_action = teap;
@@ -4071,11 +4689,10 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                                        Jim_SetEmptyResult(goi->interp);
                                } else {
                                        /* get */
-                                       if (teap == NULL) {
+                                       if (teap == NULL)
                                                Jim_SetEmptyResult(goi->interp);
-                                       } else {
+                                       else
                                                Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_DuplicateObj(goi->interp, teap->body));
-                                       }
                                }
                        }
                        /* loop for more */
@@ -4085,15 +4702,13 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                target->working_area_virt = w;
                                target->working_area_virt_spec = true;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_virt));
                        /* loop for more */
@@ -4103,15 +4718,13 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                target->working_area_phys = w;
                                target->working_area_phys_spec = true;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_phys));
                        /* loop for more */
@@ -4121,14 +4734,12 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                target->working_area_size = w;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_size));
                        /* loop for more */
@@ -4138,15 +4749,13 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                /* make this exactly 1 or 0 */
                                target->backup_working_area = (!!w);
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->backup_working_area));
                        /* loop for more e*/
@@ -4162,9 +4771,8 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                                }
                                target->endianness = n->value;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        n = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_endian, target->endianness);
                        if (n->name == NULL) {
@@ -4175,41 +4783,15 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;
 
-               case TCFG_VARIANT:
-                       if (goi->isconfigure) {
-                               if (goi->argc < 1) {
-                                       Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi->interp,
-                                                                                  "%s ?STRING?",
-                                                                                  n->name);
-                                       return JIM_ERR;
-                               }
-                               if (target->variant) {
-                                       free((void *)(target->variant));
-                               }
-                               e = Jim_GetOpt_String(goi, &cp, NULL);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK)
-                                       return e;
-                               target->variant = strdup(cp);
-                       } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
-                                       goto no_params;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, target->variant,-1);
-                       /* loop for more */
-                       break;
-
                case TCFG_COREID:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                target->coreid = (int32_t)w;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_size));
                        /* loop for more */
@@ -4219,21 +4801,25 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                Jim_Obj *o_t;
                                struct jtag_tap *tap;
+
+                               if (target->has_dap) {
+                                       Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp,
+                                               "target requires -dap parameter instead of -chain-position!", -1);
+                                       return JIM_ERR;
+                               }
+
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Obj(goi, &o_t);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                tap = jtag_tap_by_jim_obj(goi->interp, o_t);
-                               if (tap == NULL) {
+                               if (tap == NULL)
                                        return JIM_ERR;
-                               }
-                               /* make this exactly 1 or 0 */
                                target->tap = tap;
+                               target->tap_configured = true;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, target->tap->dotted_name, -1);
                        /* loop for more e*/
@@ -4241,31 +4827,47 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
                case TCFG_DBGBASE:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
-                               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
-                               }
                                target->dbgbase = (uint32_t)w;
                                target->dbgbase_set = true;
                        } else {
-                               if (goi->argc != 0) {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
-                               }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->dbgbase));
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;
-
                case TCFG_RTOS:
                        /* RTOS */
                        {
-                               int result = rtos_create( goi, target );
-                               if ( result != JIM_OK )
-                               {
+                               int result = rtos_create(goi, target);
+                               if (result != JIM_OK)
                                        return result;
-                               }
                        }
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;
+
+               case TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE:
+                       /* DEFER_EXAMINE */
+                       target->defer_examine = true;
+                       /* loop for more */
+                       break;
+
+               case TCFG_GDB_PORT:
+                       if (goi->isconfigure) {
+                               const char *s;
+                               e = Jim_GetOpt_String(goi, &s, NULL);
+                               if (e != JIM_OK)
+                                       return e;
+                               target->gdb_port_override = strdup(s);
+                       } else {
+                               if (goi->argc != 0)
+                                       goto no_params;
+                       }
+                       Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, target->gdb_port_override ? : "undefined", -1);
+                       /* loop for more */
+                       break;
                }
        } /* while (goi->argc) */
 
@@ -4274,20 +4876,15 @@ static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
        return JIM_OK;
 }
 
-static int
-jim_target_configure(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
+static int jim_target_configure(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
 {
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
 
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
        goi.isconfigure = !strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL), "configure");
-       int need_args = 1 + goi.isconfigure;
-       if (goi.argc < need_args)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc < 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi.interp, goi.argc, goi.argv,
-                       goi.isconfigure
-                               ? "missing: -option VALUE ..."
-                               : "missing: -option ...");
+                                "missing: -option ...");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(goi.interp);
@@ -4301,19 +4898,17 @@ static int jim_target_mw(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
 
-       if (goi.argc < 2 || goi.argc > 4)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc < 2 || goi.argc > 4) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "usage: %s [phys] <address> <data> [<count>]", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
        target_write_fn fn;
-       fn = target_write_memory_fast;
+       fn = target_write_memory;
 
        int e;
-       if (strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[1], NULL), "phys") == 0)
-       {
+       if (strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[1], NULL), "phys") == 0) {
                /* consume it */
                struct Jim_Obj *obj;
                e = Jim_GetOpt_Obj(&goi, &obj);
@@ -4334,8 +4929,7 @@ static int jim_target_mw(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
                return e;
 
        jim_wide c = 1;
-       if (goi.argc == 1)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc == 1) {
                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &c);
                if (e != JIM_OK)
                        return e;
@@ -4343,21 +4937,17 @@ static int jim_target_mw(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 
        /* all args must be consumed */
        if (goi.argc != 0)
-       {
                return JIM_ERR;
-       }
 
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(goi.interp);
        unsigned data_size;
-       if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mww") == 0) {
+       if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mww") == 0)
                data_size = 4;
-       }
-       else if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mwh") == 0) {
+       else if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mwh") == 0)
                data_size = 2;
-       }
-       else if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mwb") == 0) {
+       else if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mwb") == 0)
                data_size = 1;
-       else {
+       else {
                LOG_ERROR("command '%s' unknown: ", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
@@ -4365,6 +4955,34 @@ static int jim_target_mw(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        return (target_fill_mem(target, a, fn, data_size, b, c) == ERROR_OK) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
 }
 
+/**
+*  @brief Reads an array of words/halfwords/bytes from target memory starting at specified address.
+*
+*  Usage: mdw [phys] <address> [<count>] - for 32 bit reads
+*         mdh [phys] <address> [<count>] - for 16 bit reads
+*         mdb [phys] <address> [<count>] - for  8 bit reads
+*
+*  Count defaults to 1.
+*
+*  Calls target_read_memory or target_read_phys_memory depending on
+*  the presence of the "phys" argument
+*  Reads the target memory in blocks of max. 32 bytes, and returns an array of ints formatted
+*  to int representation in base16.
+*  Also outputs read data in a human readable form using command_print
+*
+*  @param phys if present target_read_phys_memory will be used instead of target_read_memory
+*  @param address address where to start the read. May be specified in decimal or hex using the standard "0x" prefix
+*  @param count optional count parameter to read an array of values. If not specified, defaults to 1.
+*  @returns:  JIM_ERR on error or JIM_OK on success and sets the result string to an array of ascii formatted numbers
+*  on success, with [<count>] number of elements.
+*
+*  In case of little endian target:
+*      Example1: "mdw 0x00000000"  returns "10123456"
+*      Exmaple2: "mdh 0x00000000 1" returns "3456"
+*      Example3: "mdb 0x00000000" returns "56"
+*      Example4: "mdh 0x00000000 2" returns "3456 1012"
+*      Example5: "mdb 0x00000000 3" returns "56 34 12"
+**/
 static int jim_target_md(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
        const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
@@ -4372,112 +4990,101 @@ static int jim_target_md(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
 
-       if ((goi.argc < 1) || (goi.argc > 3))
-       {
+       if ((goi.argc < 1) || (goi.argc > 3)) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "usage: %s [phys] <address> [<count>]", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
        int (*fn)(struct target *target,
-                       uint32_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
-       fn=target_read_memory;
+                       target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
+       fn = target_read_memory;
 
        int e;
-       if (strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[1], NULL), "phys") == 0)
-       {
+       if (strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[1], NULL), "phys") == 0) {
                /* consume it */
                struct Jim_Obj *obj;
                e = Jim_GetOpt_Obj(&goi, &obj);
                if (e != JIM_OK)
                        return e;
 
-               fn=target_read_phys_memory;
+               fn = target_read_phys_memory;
        }
 
-       jim_wide a;
-       e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &a);
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       /* Read address parameter */
+       jim_wide addr;
+       e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &addr);
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return JIM_ERR;
-       }
-       jim_wide c;
+
+       /* If next parameter exists, read it out as the count parameter, if not, set it to 1 (default) */
+       jim_wide count;
        if (goi.argc == 1) {
-               e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &c);
-               if (e != JIM_OK) {
+               e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &count);
+               if (e != JIM_OK)
                        return JIM_ERR;
-               }
-       } else {
-               c = 1;
-       }
+       } else
+               count = 1;
 
        /* all args must be consumed */
        if (goi.argc != 0)
-       {
                return JIM_ERR;
-       }
 
-       jim_wide b = 1; /* shut up gcc */
+       jim_wide dwidth = 1; /* shut up gcc */
        if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mdw") == 0)
-               b = 4;
+               dwidth = 4;
        else if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mdh") == 0)
-               b = 2;
+               dwidth = 2;
        else if (strcasecmp(cmd_name, "mdb") == 0)
-               b = 1;
+               dwidth = 1;
        else {
                LOG_ERROR("command '%s' unknown: ", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
        /* convert count to "bytes" */
-       c = c * b;
+       int bytes = count * dwidth;
 
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(goi.interp);
        uint8_t  target_buf[32];
        jim_wide x, y, z;
-       while (c > 0) {
-               y = c;
-               if (y > 16) {
-                       y = 16;
-               }
-               e = fn(target, a, b, y / b, target_buf);
+       while (bytes > 0) {
+               y = (bytes < 16) ? bytes : 16; /* y = min(bytes, 16); */
+
+               /* Try to read out next block */
+               e = fn(target, addr, dwidth, y / dwidth, target_buf);
+
                if (e != ERROR_OK) {
-                       char tmp[10];
-                       snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%08lx", (long)a);
-                       Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "error reading target @ 0x%s", tmp);
+                       Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "error reading target @ 0x%08lx", (long)addr);
                        return JIM_ERR;
                }
 
-               command_print(NULL, "0x%08x ", (int)(a));
-               switch (b) {
+               command_print_sameline(NULL, "0x%08x ", (int)(addr));
+               switch (dwidth) {
                case 4:
-                       for (x = 0; x < 16 && x < y; x += 4)
-                       {
-                               z = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &(target_buf[ x ]));
-                               command_print(NULL, "%08x ", (int)(z));
-                       }
-                       for (; (x < 16) ; x += 4) {
-                               command_print(NULL, "         ");
+                       for (x = 0; x < 16 && x < y; x += 4) {
+                               z = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &(target_buf[x]));
+                               command_print_sameline(NULL, "%08x ", (int)(z));
                        }
+                       for (; (x < 16) ; x += 4)
+                               command_print_sameline(NULL, "         ");
                        break;
                case 2:
-                       for (x = 0; x < 16 && x < y; x += 2)
-                       {
-                               z = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &(target_buf[ x ]));
-                               command_print(NULL, "%04x ", (int)(z));
-                       }
-                       for (; (x < 16) ; x += 2) {
-                               command_print(NULL, "     ");
+                       for (x = 0; x < 16 && x < y; x += 2) {
+                               z = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &(target_buf[x]));
+                               command_print_sameline(NULL, "%04x ", (int)(z));
                        }
+                       for (; (x < 16) ; x += 2)
+                               command_print_sameline(NULL, "     ");
                        break;
                case 1:
                default:
                        for (x = 0 ; (x < 16) && (x < y) ; x += 1) {
-                               z = target_buffer_get_u8(target, &(target_buf[ x ]));
-                               command_print(NULL, "%02x ", (int)(z));
-                       }
-                       for (; (x < 16) ; x += 1) {
-                               command_print(NULL, "   ");
+                               z = target_buffer_get_u8(target, &(target_buf[x]));
+                               command_print_sameline(NULL, "%02x ", (int)(z));
                        }
+                       for (; (x < 16) ; x += 1)
+                               command_print_sameline(NULL, "   ");
                        break;
                }
                /* ascii-ify the bytes */
@@ -4498,10 +5105,10 @@ static int jim_target_md(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
                /* terminate */
                target_buf[16] = 0;
                /* print - with a newline */
-               command_print(NULL, "%s\n", target_buf);
+               command_print_sameline(NULL, "%s\n", target_buf);
                /* NEXT... */
-               c -= 16;
-               a += 16;
+               bytes -= 16;
+               addr += 16;
        }
        return JIM_OK;
 }
@@ -4528,27 +5135,61 @@ static int jim_target_tap_disabled(Jim_Interp *interp)
 
 static int jim_target_examine(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
-               Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
+       bool allow_defer = false;
+
+       Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
+       Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
+       if (goi.argc > 1) {
+               const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
+               Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
+                               "usage: %s ['allow-defer']", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
+       if (goi.argc > 0 &&
+           strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[1], NULL), "allow-defer") == 0) {
+               /* consume it */
+               struct Jim_Obj *obj;
+               int e = Jim_GetOpt_Obj(&goi, &obj);
+               if (e != JIM_OK)
+                       return e;
+               allow_defer = true;
+       }
+
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);
 
+       if (allow_defer && target->defer_examine) {
+               LOG_INFO("Deferring arp_examine of %s", target_name(target));
+               LOG_INFO("Use arp_examine command to examine it manually!");
+               return JIM_OK;
+       }
+
        int e = target->type->examine(target);
        if (e != ERROR_OK)
-       {
                return JIM_ERR;
-       }
+       return JIM_OK;
+}
+
+static int jim_target_was_examined(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
+{
+       struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
+
+       Jim_SetResultBool(interp, target_was_examined(target));
+       return JIM_OK;
+}
+
+static int jim_target_examine_deferred(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
+{
+       struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
+
+       Jim_SetResultBool(interp, target->defer_examine);
        return JIM_OK;
 }
 
 static int jim_target_halt_gdb(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
@@ -4562,8 +5203,7 @@ static int jim_target_halt_gdb(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *arg
 
 static int jim_target_poll(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
@@ -4572,15 +5212,12 @@ static int jim_target_poll(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);
 
        int e;
-       if (!(target_was_examined(target))) {
+       if (!(target_was_examined(target)))
                e = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
-       } else {
+       else
                e = target->type->poll(target);
-       }
        if (e != ERROR_OK)
-       {
                return JIM_ERR;
-       }
        return JIM_OK;
 }
 
@@ -4589,8 +5226,7 @@ static int jim_target_reset(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
 
-       if (goi.argc != 2)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc != 2) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv,
                                "([tT]|[fF]|assert|deassert) BOOL");
                return JIM_ERR;
@@ -4598,8 +5234,7 @@ static int jim_target_reset(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        int e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(&goi, nvp_assert, &n);
-       if (e != JIM_OK)
-       {
+       if (e != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_assert, 1);
                return e;
        }
@@ -4612,29 +5247,27 @@ static int jim_target_reset(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(goi.interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);
-       if (!(target_was_examined(target)))
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
-               return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
-       }
-       if (!target->type->assert_reset || !target->type->deassert_reset)
-       {
+
+       if (!target->type->assert_reset || !target->type->deassert_reset) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp,
                                "No target-specific reset for %s",
                                target_name(target));
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
+
+       if (target->defer_examine)
+               target_reset_examined(target);
+
        /* determine if we should halt or not. */
        target->reset_halt = !!a;
        /* When this happens - all workareas are invalid. */
        target_free_all_working_areas_restore(target, 0);
 
        /* do the assert */
-       if (n->value == NVP_ASSERT) {
+       if (n->value == NVP_ASSERT)
                e = target->type->assert_reset(target);
-       } else {
+       else
                e = target->type->deassert_reset(target);
-       }
        return (e == ERROR_OK) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
 }
 
@@ -4657,8 +5290,7 @@ static int jim_target_wait_state(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *a
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
 
        /* params:  <name>  statename timeoutmsecs */
-       if (goi.argc != 2)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc != 2) {
                const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "%s <state_name> <timeout_in_msec>", cmd_name);
@@ -4668,21 +5300,19 @@ static int jim_target_wait_state(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *a
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        int e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(&goi, nvp_target_state, &n);
        if (e != JIM_OK) {
-               Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_target_state,1);
+               Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_target_state, 1);
                return e;
        }
        jim_wide a;
        e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &a);
-       if (e != JIM_OK) {
+       if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
-       }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);
 
        e = target_wait_state(target, n->value, a);
-       if (e != ERROR_OK)
-       {
+       if (e != ERROR_OK) {
                Jim_Obj *eObj = Jim_NewIntObj(interp, e);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "target: %s wait %s fails (%#s) %s",
@@ -4699,7 +5329,7 @@ static int jim_target_wait_state(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *a
 static int jim_target_event_list(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
        struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(interp);
-       assert (cmd_ctx != NULL);
+       assert(cmd_ctx != NULL);
 
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        struct target_event_action *teap = target->event_action;
@@ -4709,8 +5339,7 @@ static int jim_target_event_list(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *a
        command_print(cmd_ctx, "%-25s | Body", "Event");
        command_print(cmd_ctx, "------------------------- | "
                        "----------------------------------------");
-       while (teap)
-       {
+       while (teap) {
                Jim_Nvp *opt = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, teap->event);
                command_print(cmd_ctx, "%-25s | %s",
                                opt->name, Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));
@@ -4721,8 +5350,7 @@ static int jim_target_event_list(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *a
 }
 static int jim_target_current_state(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
@@ -4734,16 +5362,14 @@ static int jim_target_invoke_event(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const
 {
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
-       if (goi.argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc != 1) {
                const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp, "%s <eventname>", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        int e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(&goi, nvp_target_event, &n);
-       if (e != JIM_OK)
-       {
+       if (e != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_target_event, 1);
                return e;
        }
@@ -4842,6 +5468,19 @@ static const struct command_registration target_instance_command_handlers[] = {
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_examine,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
+               .usage = "['allow-defer']",
+       },
+       {
+               .name = "was_examined",
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .jim_handler = jim_target_was_examined,
+               .help = "used internally for reset processing",
+       },
+       {
+               .name = "examine_deferred",
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .jim_handler = jim_target_examine_deferred,
+               .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_halt_gdb",
@@ -4888,14 +5527,13 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
        Jim_Obj *new_cmd;
        Jim_Cmd *cmd;
        const char *cp;
-       char *cp2;
        int e;
        int x;
        struct target *target;
        struct command_context *cmd_ctx;
 
        cmd_ctx = current_command_context(goi->interp);
-       assert (cmd_ctx != NULL);
+       assert(cmd_ctx != NULL);
 
        if (goi->argc < 3) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, 1, goi->argv, "?name? ?type? ..options...");
@@ -4913,16 +5551,33 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
        }
 
        /* TYPE */
-       e = Jim_GetOpt_String(goi, &cp2, NULL);
+       e = Jim_GetOpt_String(goi, &cp, NULL);
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
-       cp = cp2;
+       struct transport *tr = get_current_transport();
+       if (tr->override_target) {
+               e = tr->override_target(&cp);
+               if (e != ERROR_OK) {
+                       LOG_ERROR("The selected transport doesn't support this target");
+                       return JIM_ERR;
+               }
+               LOG_INFO("The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD");
+       }
        /* now does target type exist */
        for (x = 0 ; target_types[x] ; x++) {
                if (0 == strcmp(cp, target_types[x]->name)) {
                        /* found */
                        break;
                }
+
+               /* check for deprecated name */
+               if (target_types[x]->deprecated_name) {
+                       if (0 == strcmp(cp, target_types[x]->deprecated_name)) {
+                               /* found */
+                               LOG_WARNING("target name is deprecated use: \'%s\'", target_types[x]->name);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
        }
        if (target_types[x] == NULL) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi->interp, "Unknown target type %s, try one of ", cp);
@@ -4936,19 +5591,20 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
                                Jim_AppendStrings(goi->interp,
                                                                   Jim_GetResult(goi->interp),
                                                                   " or ",
-                                                                  target_types[x]->name,NULL);
+                                                                  target_types[x]->name, NULL);
                        }
                }
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
 
        /* Create it */
-       target = calloc(1,sizeof(struct target));
+       target = calloc(1, sizeof(struct target));
        /* set target number */
        target->target_number = new_target_number();
+       cmd_ctx->current_target = target;
 
        /* allocate memory for each unique target type */
-       target->type = (struct target_type*)calloc(1,sizeof(struct target_type));
+       target->type = calloc(1, sizeof(struct target_type));
 
        memcpy(target->type, target_types[x], sizeof(struct target_type));
 
@@ -4971,19 +5627,12 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
        target->next                = NULL;
        target->arch_info           = NULL;
 
-       target->display             = 1;
+       target->verbose_halt_msg        = true;
 
        target->halt_issued                     = false;
 
        /* initialize trace information */
-       target->trace_info = malloc(sizeof(struct trace));
-       target->trace_info->num_trace_points         = 0;
-       target->trace_info->trace_points_size        = 0;
-       target->trace_info->trace_points             = NULL;
-       target->trace_info->trace_history_size       = 0;
-       target->trace_info->trace_history            = NULL;
-       target->trace_info->trace_history_pos        = 0;
-       target->trace_info->trace_history_overflowed = 0;
+       target->trace_info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct trace));
 
        target->dbgmsg          = NULL;
        target->dbg_msg_enabled = 0;
@@ -4993,17 +5642,31 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
        target->rtos = NULL;
        target->rtos_auto_detect = false;
 
+       target->gdb_port_override = NULL;
+
        /* Do the rest as "configure" options */
        goi->isconfigure = 1;
        e = target_configure(goi, target);
 
-       if (target->tap == NULL)
-       {
-               Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, "-chain-position required when creating target", -1);
-               e = JIM_ERR;
+       if (e == JIM_OK) {
+               if (target->has_dap) {
+                       if (!target->dap_configured) {
+                               Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, "-dap ?name? required when creating target", -1);
+                               e = JIM_ERR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (!target->tap_configured) {
+                               Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, "-chain-position ?name? required when creating target", -1);
+                               e = JIM_ERR;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* tap must be set after target was configured */
+               if (target->tap == NULL)
+                       e = JIM_ERR;
        }
 
        if (e != JIM_OK) {
+               free(target->gdb_port_override);
                free(target->type);
                free(target);
                return e;
@@ -5014,35 +5677,39 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
                target->endianness = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
        }
 
-       /* incase variant is not set */
-       if (!target->variant)
-               target->variant = strdup("");
-
        cp = Jim_GetString(new_cmd, NULL);
        target->cmd_name = strdup(cp);
 
+       if (target->type->target_create) {
+               e = (*(target->type->target_create))(target, goi->interp);
+               if (e != ERROR_OK) {
+                       LOG_DEBUG("target_create failed");
+                       free(target->gdb_port_override);
+                       free(target->type);
+                       free(target->cmd_name);
+                       free(target);
+                       return JIM_ERR;
+               }
+       }
+
        /* create the target specific commands */
        if (target->type->commands) {
                e = register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target->type->commands);
                if (ERROR_OK != e)
                        LOG_ERROR("unable to register '%s' commands", cp);
        }
-       if (target->type->target_create) {
-               (*(target->type->target_create))(target, goi->interp);
-       }
 
        /* append to end of list */
        {
                struct target **tpp;
                tpp = &(all_targets);
-               while (*tpp) {
+               while (*tpp)
                        tpp = &((*tpp)->next);
-               }
                *tpp = target;
        }
 
        /* now - create the new target name command */
-       const const struct command_registration target_subcommands[] = {
+       const struct command_registration target_subcommands[] = {
                {
                        .chain = target_instance_command_handlers,
                },
@@ -5051,11 +5718,12 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
                },
                COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
        };
-       const const struct command_registration target_commands[] = {
+       const struct command_registration target_commands[] = {
                {
                        .name = cp,
                        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                        .help = "target command group",
+                       .usage = "",
                        .chain = target_subcommands,
                },
                COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
@@ -5073,28 +5741,25 @@ static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
 
 static int jim_target_current(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "Too many parameters");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(interp);
-       assert (cmd_ctx != NULL);
+       assert(cmd_ctx != NULL);
 
-       Jim_SetResultString(interp, get_current_target(cmd_ctx)->cmd_name, -1);
+       Jim_SetResultString(interp, target_name(get_current_target(cmd_ctx)), -1);
        return JIM_OK;
 }
 
 static int jim_target_types(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "Too many parameters");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0));
-       for (unsigned x = 0; NULL != target_types[x]; x++)
-       {
+       for (unsigned x = 0; NULL != target_types[x]; x++) {
                Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                        Jim_NewStringObj(interp, target_types[x]->name, -1));
        }
@@ -5103,15 +5768,13 @@ static int jim_target_types(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 
 static int jim_target_names(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
+       if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "Too many parameters");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0));
        struct target *target = all_targets;
-       while (target)
-       {
+       while (target) {
                Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                        Jim_NewStringObj(interp, target_name(target), -1));
                target = target->next;
@@ -5123,53 +5786,50 @@ static int jim_target_smp(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
        int i;
        const char *targetname;
-       int retval,len;
-       struct target *target;
-       struct target_list *head, *curr;
-    curr = (struct target_list*) NULL;
-       head = (struct target_list*) NULL;
-       
+       int retval, len;
+       struct target *target = (struct target *) NULL;
+       struct target_list *head, *curr, *new;
+       curr = (struct target_list *) NULL;
+       head = (struct target_list *) NULL;
+
        retval = 0;
-       LOG_DEBUG("%d",argc);
+       LOG_DEBUG("%d", argc);
        /* argv[1] = target to associate in smp
         * argv[2] = target to assoicate in smp
         * argv[3] ...
         */
 
-       for(i=1;i<argc;i++)
-       {
+       for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 
                targetname = Jim_GetString(argv[i], &len);
                target = get_target(targetname);
-               LOG_DEBUG("%s ",targetname);
-               if (target)
-               {
-                       struct target_list *new;
-                       new=malloc(sizeof(struct target_list));
+               LOG_DEBUG("%s ", targetname);
+               if (target) {
+                       new = malloc(sizeof(struct target_list));
                        new->target = target;
-                       new->next = (struct target_list*)NULL;
-                       if (head == (struct target_list*)NULL)
-                       {
+                       new->next = (struct target_list *)NULL;
+                       if (head == (struct target_list *)NULL) {
                                head = new;
                                curr = head;
-                       }
-                       else
-                       {
+                       } else {
                                curr->next = new;
                                curr = new;
                        }
                }
        }
-    /*  now parse the list of cpu and put the target in smp mode*/
-       curr=head;
+       /*  now parse the list of cpu and put the target in smp mode*/
+       curr = head;
 
-    while(curr!=(struct target_list *)NULL)
-       {
-    target=curr->target;
-       target->smp = 1;
-       target->head = head;
-       curr=curr->next;
+       while (curr != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
+               target = curr->target;
+               target->smp = 1;
+               target->head = head;
+               curr = curr->next;
        }
+
+       if (target && target->rtos)
+               retval = rtos_smp_init(head->target);
+
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -5178,8 +5838,7 @@ static int jim_target_create(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
 {
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
-       if (goi.argc < 3)
-       {
+       if (goi.argc < 3) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi.interp, goi.argc, goi.argv,
                        "<name> <target_type> [<target_options> ...]");
                return JIM_ERR;
@@ -5187,59 +5846,6 @@ static int jim_target_create(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
        return target_create(&goi);
 }
 
-static int jim_target_number(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
-{
-       Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
-       Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
-
-       /* It's OK to remove this mechanism sometime after August 2010 or so */
-       LOG_WARNING("don't use numbers as target identifiers; use names");
-       if (goi.argc != 1)
-       {
-               Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp, "usage: target number <number>");
-               return JIM_ERR;
-       }
-       jim_wide w;
-       int e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &w);
-       if (e != JIM_OK)
-               return JIM_ERR;
-
-       struct target *target;
-       for (target = all_targets; NULL != target; target = target->next)
-       {
-               if (target->target_number != w)
-                       continue;
-
-               Jim_SetResultString(goi.interp, target_name(target), -1);
-               return JIM_OK;
-       }
-       {
-               Jim_Obj *wObj = Jim_NewIntObj(goi.interp, w);
-               Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
-                       "Target: number %#s does not exist", wObj);
-               Jim_FreeNewObj(interp, wObj);
-       }
-       return JIM_ERR;
-}
-
-static int jim_target_count(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
-{
-       if (argc != 1)
-       {
-               Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "<no parameters>");
-               return JIM_ERR;
-       }
-       unsigned count = 0;
-       struct target *target = all_targets;
-       while (NULL != target)
-       {
-               target = target->next;
-               count++;
-       }
-       Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewIntObj(interp, count));
-       return JIM_OK;
-}
-
 static const struct command_registration target_subcommand_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "init",
@@ -5274,21 +5880,6 @@ static const struct command_registration target_subcommand_handlers[] = {
                .jim_handler = jim_target_names,
                .help = "Returns the names of all targets as a list of strings",
        },
-       {
-               .name = "number",
-               .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
-               .jim_handler = jim_target_number,
-               .usage = "number",
-               .help = "Returns the name of the numbered target "
-                       "(DEPRECATED)",
-       },
-       {
-               .name = "count",
-               .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
-               .jim_handler = jim_target_count,
-               .help = "Returns the number of targets as an integer "
-                       "(DEPRECATED)",
-       },
        {
                .name = "smp",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
@@ -5300,9 +5891,8 @@ static const struct command_registration target_subcommand_handlers[] = {
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
 };
 
-struct FastLoad
-{
-       uint32_t address;
+struct FastLoad {
+       target_addr_t address;
        uint8_t *data;
        int length;
 
@@ -5313,11 +5903,9 @@ static struct FastLoad *fastload;
 
 static void free_fastload(void)
 {
-       if (fastload != NULL)
-       {
+       if (fastload != NULL) {
                int i;
-               for (i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++)
-               {
+               for (i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++) {
                        if (fastload[i].data)
                                free(fastload[i].data);
                }
@@ -5326,16 +5914,13 @@ static void free_fastload(void)
        }
 }
 
-
-
-
 COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
 {
        uint8_t *buffer;
        size_t buf_cnt;
        uint32_t image_size;
-       uint32_t min_address = 0;
-       uint32_t max_address = 0xffffffff;
+       target_addr_t min_address = 0;
+       target_addr_t max_address = -1;
        int i;
 
        struct image image;
@@ -5350,34 +5935,29 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
 
        retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC >= 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-       {
                return retval;
-       }
 
        image_size = 0x0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
        fastload_num = image.num_sections;
-       fastload = (struct FastLoad *)malloc(sizeof(struct FastLoad)*image.num_sections);
-       if (fastload == NULL)
-       {
+       fastload = malloc(sizeof(struct FastLoad)*image.num_sections);
+       if (fastload == NULL) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "out of memory");
                image_close(&image);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        memset(fastload, 0, sizeof(struct FastLoad)*image.num_sections);
-       for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++)
-       {
+       for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
                buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
-               if (buffer == NULL)
-               {
+               if (buffer == NULL) {
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                                                  (int)(image.sections[i].size));
                        retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                        break;
                }
 
-               if ((retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt)) != ERROR_OK)
-               {
+               retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
+               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        break;
                }
@@ -5385,30 +5965,24 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
                uint32_t offset = 0;
                uint32_t length = buf_cnt;
 
-
                /* DANGER!!! beware of unsigned comparision here!!! */
 
-               if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address)&&
-                               (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address))
-               {
-                       if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address)
-                       {
+               if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address) &&
+                               (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address)) {
+                       if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address) {
                                /* clip addresses below */
                                offset += min_address-image.sections[i].base_address;
                                length -= offset;
                        }
 
                        if (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt > max_address)
-                       {
                                length -= (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt)-max_address;
-                       }
 
                        fastload[i].address = image.sections[i].base_address + offset;
                        fastload[i].data = malloc(length);
-                       if (fastload[i].data == NULL)
-                       {
+                       if (fastload[i].data == NULL) {
                                free(buffer);
-                               command_print(CMD_CTX, "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
+                               command_print(CMD_CTX, "error allocating buffer for section (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
                                                          length);
                                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                                break;
@@ -5425,8 +5999,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
                free(buffer);
        }
 
-       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK))
-       {
+       if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Loaded %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
@@ -5439,9 +6012,7 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
        image_close(&image);
 
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-       {
                free_fastload();
-       }
 
        return retval;
 }
@@ -5450,31 +6021,26 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_command)
 {
        if (CMD_ARGC > 0)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
-       if (fastload == NULL)
-       {
+       if (fastload == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("No image in memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        int i;
-       int ms = timeval_ms();
+       int64_t ms = timeval_ms();
        int size = 0;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       for (i = 0; i < fastload_num;i++)
-       {
+       for (i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++) {
                struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Write to 0x%08x, length 0x%08x",
                                          (unsigned int)(fastload[i].address),
                                          (unsigned int)(fastload[i].length));
                retval = target_write_buffer(target, fastload[i].address, fastload[i].length, fastload[i].data);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
-               {
                        break;
-               }
                size += fastload[i].length;
        }
-       if (retval == ERROR_OK)
-       {
-               int after = timeval_ms();
+       if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
+               int64_t after = timeval_ms();
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Loaded image %f kBytes/s", (float)(size/1024.0)/((float)(after-ms)/1000.0));
        }
        return retval;
@@ -5518,6 +6084,219 @@ COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_reset_nag)
                        "performance");
 }
 
+COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_ps_command)
+{
+       struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
+       char *display;
+       if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_INFO("target not halted !!");
+               return ERROR_OK;
+       }
+
+       if ((target->rtos) && (target->rtos->type)
+                       && (target->rtos->type->ps_command)) {
+               display = target->rtos->type->ps_command(target);
+               command_print(CMD_CTX, "%s", display);
+               free(display);
+               return ERROR_OK;
+       } else {
+               LOG_INFO("failed");
+               return ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE;
+       }
+}
+
+static void binprint(struct command_context *cmd_ctx, const char *text, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
+{
+       if (text != NULL)
+               command_print_sameline(cmd_ctx, "%s", text);
+       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+               command_print_sameline(cmd_ctx, " %02x", buf[i]);
+       command_print(cmd_ctx, " ");
+}
+
+COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_test_mem_access_command)
+{
+       struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
+       uint32_t test_size;
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
+               LOG_INFO("target not halted !!");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
+               return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+
+       COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], test_size);
+
+       /* Test reads */
+       size_t num_bytes = test_size + 4;
+
+       struct working_area *wa = NULL;
+       retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, num_bytes, &wa);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Not enough working area");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       uint8_t *test_pattern = malloc(num_bytes);
+
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
+               test_pattern[i] = rand();
+
+       retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, test_pattern);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Test pattern write failed");
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       for (int host_offset = 0; host_offset <= 1; host_offset++) {
+               for (int size = 1; size <= 4; size *= 2) {
+                       for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; offset++) {
+                               uint32_t count = test_size / size;
+                               size_t host_bufsiz = (count + 2) * size + host_offset;
+                               uint8_t *read_ref = malloc(host_bufsiz);
+                               uint8_t *read_buf = malloc(host_bufsiz);
+
+                               for (size_t i = 0; i < host_bufsiz; i++) {
+                                       read_ref[i] = rand();
+                                       read_buf[i] = read_ref[i];
+                               }
+                               command_print_sameline(CMD_CTX,
+                                               "Test read %" PRIu32 " x %d @ %d to %saligned buffer: ", count,
+                                               size, offset, host_offset ? "un" : "");
+
+                               struct duration bench;
+                               duration_start(&bench);
+
+                               retval = target_read_memory(target, wa->address + offset, size, count,
+                                               read_buf + size + host_offset);
+
+                               duration_measure(&bench);
+
+                               if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Unsupported alignment");
+                                       goto next;
+                               } else if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Memory read failed");
+                                       goto next;
+                               }
+
+                               /* replay on host */
+                               memcpy(read_ref + size + host_offset, test_pattern + offset, count * size);
+
+                               /* check result */
+                               int result = memcmp(read_ref, read_buf, host_bufsiz);
+                               if (result == 0) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Pass in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
+                                                       duration_elapsed(&bench),
+                                                       duration_kbps(&bench, count * size));
+                               } else {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Compare failed");
+                                       binprint(CMD_CTX, "ref:", read_ref, host_bufsiz);
+                                       binprint(CMD_CTX, "buf:", read_buf, host_bufsiz);
+                               }
+next:
+                               free(read_ref);
+                               free(read_buf);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+out:
+       free(test_pattern);
+
+       if (wa != NULL)
+               target_free_working_area(target, wa);
+
+       /* Test writes */
+       num_bytes = test_size + 4 + 4 + 4;
+
+       retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, num_bytes, &wa);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+               LOG_ERROR("Not enough working area");
+               return ERROR_FAIL;
+       }
+
+       test_pattern = malloc(num_bytes);
+
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
+               test_pattern[i] = rand();
+
+       for (int host_offset = 0; host_offset <= 1; host_offset++) {
+               for (int size = 1; size <= 4; size *= 2) {
+                       for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; offset++) {
+                               uint32_t count = test_size / size;
+                               size_t host_bufsiz = count * size + host_offset;
+                               uint8_t *read_ref = malloc(num_bytes);
+                               uint8_t *read_buf = malloc(num_bytes);
+                               uint8_t *write_buf = malloc(host_bufsiz);
+
+                               for (size_t i = 0; i < host_bufsiz; i++)
+                                       write_buf[i] = rand();
+                               command_print_sameline(CMD_CTX,
+                                               "Test write %" PRIu32 " x %d @ %d from %saligned buffer: ", count,
+                                               size, offset, host_offset ? "un" : "");
+
+                               retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, test_pattern);
+                               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Test pattern write failed");
+                                       goto nextw;
+                               }
+
+                               /* replay on host */
+                               memcpy(read_ref, test_pattern, num_bytes);
+                               memcpy(read_ref + size + offset, write_buf + host_offset, count * size);
+
+                               struct duration bench;
+                               duration_start(&bench);
+
+                               retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address + size + offset, size, count,
+                                               write_buf + host_offset);
+
+                               duration_measure(&bench);
+
+                               if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Unsupported alignment");
+                                       goto nextw;
+                               } else if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Memory write failed");
+                                       goto nextw;
+                               }
+
+                               /* read back */
+                               retval = target_read_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, read_buf);
+                               if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Test pattern write failed");
+                                       goto nextw;
+                               }
+
+                               /* check result */
+                               int result = memcmp(read_ref, read_buf, num_bytes);
+                               if (result == 0) {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Pass in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
+                                                       duration_elapsed(&bench),
+                                                       duration_kbps(&bench, count * size));
+                               } else {
+                                       command_print(CMD_CTX, "Compare failed");
+                                       binprint(CMD_CTX, "ref:", read_ref, num_bytes);
+                                       binprint(CMD_CTX, "buf:", read_buf, num_bytes);
+                               }
+nextw:
+                               free(read_ref);
+                               free(read_buf);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       free(test_pattern);
+
+       if (wa != NULL)
+               target_free_working_area(target, wa);
+       return retval;
+}
+
 static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "fast_load_image",
@@ -5534,11 +6313,13 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "loads active fast load image to current target "
                        "- mainly for profiling purposes",
+               .usage = "",
        },
        {
                .name = "profile",
                .handler = handle_profile_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .usage = "seconds filename [start end]",
                .help = "profiling samples the CPU PC",
        },
        /** @todo don't register virt2phys() unless target supports it */
@@ -5553,9 +6334,9 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .name = "reg",
                .handler = handle_reg_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
-               .help = "display or set a register; with no arguments, "
-                       "displays all registers and their values",
-               .usage = "[(register_name|register_number) [value]]",
+               .help = "display (reread from target with \"force\") or set a register; "
+                       "with no arguments, displays all registers and their values",
+               .usage = "[(register_number|register_name) [(value|'force')]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "poll",
@@ -5569,7 +6350,7 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .handler = handle_wait_halt_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "wait up to the specified number of milliseconds "
-                       "(default 5) for a previously requested halt",
+                       "(default 5000) for a previously requested halt",
                .usage = "[milliseconds]",
        },
        {
@@ -5577,7 +6358,7 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .handler = handle_halt_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "request target to halt, then wait up to the specified"
-                       "number of milliseconds (default 5) for it to complete",
+                       "number of milliseconds (default 5000) for it to complete",
                .usage = "[milliseconds]",
        },
        {
@@ -5599,6 +6380,7 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .name = "soft_reset_halt",
                .handler = handle_soft_reset_halt_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .usage = "",
                .help = "halt the target and do a soft reset",
        },
        {
@@ -5608,6 +6390,13 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .help = "step one instruction from current PC or address",
                .usage = "[address]",
        },
+       {
+               .name = "mdd",
+               .handler = handle_md_command,
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .help = "display memory words",
+               .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
+       },
        {
                .name = "mdw",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
@@ -5629,6 +6418,13 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .help = "display memory bytes",
                .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
        },
+       {
+               .name = "mwd",
+               .handler = handle_mw_command,
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .help = "write memory word",
+               .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
+       },
        {
                .name = "mww",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
@@ -5655,7 +6451,7 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .handler = handle_bp_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "list or set hardware or software breakpoint",
-               .usage = "usage: bp <address> [<asid>]<length> ['hw'|'hw_ctx']",
+               .usage = "<address> [<asid>] <length> ['hw'|'hw_ctx']",
        },
        {
                .name = "rbp",
@@ -5691,6 +6487,12 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "filename address size",
        },
+       {
+               .name = "verify_image_checksum",
+               .handler = handle_verify_image_checksum_command,
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
+       },
        {
                .name = "verify_image",
                .handler = handle_verify_image_command,
@@ -5727,15 +6529,32 @@ static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
                                "enabled to improve performance. ",
                .usage = "['enable'|'disable']",
        },
+       {
+               .name = "ps",
+               .handler = handle_ps_command,
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .help = "list all tasks ",
+               .usage = " ",
+       },
+       {
+               .name = "test_mem_access",
+               .handler = handle_test_mem_access_command,
+               .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
+               .help = "Test the target's memory access functions",
+               .usage = "size",
+       },
+
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
 };
 static int target_register_user_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
 {
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
-       if ((retval = target_request_register_commands(cmd_ctx)) != ERROR_OK)
+       retval = target_request_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
 
-       if ((retval = trace_register_commands(cmd_ctx)) != ERROR_OK)
+       retval = trace_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
+       if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;