2 # vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
11 use Scalar::Util qw(tainted);
16 AnyEvent::I3 - communicate with the i3 window manager
20 our $VERSION = '0.18';
28 This module connects to the i3 window manager using the UNIX socket based
29 IPC interface it provides (if enabled in the configuration file). You can
30 then subscribe to events or send messages and receive their replies.
32 use AnyEvent::I3 qw(:all);
36 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting";
37 say "Connected to i3";
39 my $workspaces = $i3->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)->recv;
40 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
42 ...or, using the sugar methods:
46 my $workspaces = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
47 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
49 A somewhat more involved example which dumps the i3 layout tree whenever there
58 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting to i3";
62 $i3->get_tree->cb(sub {
64 say "tree: " . Dumper($tree);
67 })->recv->{success} or die "Error subscribing to events";
73 =head2 $i3 = i3([ $path ]);
75 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
77 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
78 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
79 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
80 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
82 =head1 SUBROUTINES/METHODS
86 use Exporter qw(import);
91 use constant TYPE_RUN_COMMAND => 0;
92 use constant TYPE_COMMAND => 0;
93 use constant TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES => 1;
94 use constant TYPE_SUBSCRIBE => 2;
95 use constant TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS => 3;
96 use constant TYPE_GET_TREE => 4;
97 use constant TYPE_GET_MARKS => 5;
98 use constant TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG => 6;
99 use constant TYPE_GET_VERSION => 7;
100 use constant TYPE_GET_BINDING_MODES => 8;
101 use constant TYPE_GET_CONFIG => 9;
103 our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [
104 qw(i3 TYPE_RUN_COMMAND TYPE_COMMAND TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES TYPE_SUBSCRIBE TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS
105 TYPE_GET_TREE TYPE_GET_MARKS TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG TYPE_GET_VERSION
106 TYPE_GET_BINDING_MODES TYPE_GET_CONFIG)
109 our @EXPORT_OK = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{all} } );
111 my $magic = "i3-ipc";
113 # TODO: auto-generate this from the header file? (i3/ipc.h)
114 my $event_mask = (1 << 31);
116 workspace => ($event_mask | 0),
117 output => ($event_mask | 1),
118 mode => ($event_mask | 2),
119 window => ($event_mask | 3),
120 barconfig_update => ($event_mask | 4),
121 binding => ($event_mask | 5),
122 shutdown => ($event_mask | 6),
123 _error => 0xFFFFFFFF,
127 AnyEvent::I3->new(@_)
130 # Calls i3, even when running in taint mode.
134 my $path_tainted = tainted($ENV{PATH});
135 # This effectively circumvents taint mode checking for $ENV{PATH}. We
136 # do this because users might specify PATH explicitly to call i3 in a
137 # custom location (think ~/.bin/).
138 (local $ENV{PATH}) = ($ENV{PATH} =~ /(.*)/);
140 # In taint mode, we also need to remove all relative directories from
141 # PATH (like . or ../bin). We only do this in taint mode and warn the
142 # user, since this might break a real-world use case for some people.
144 my @dirs = split /:/, $ENV{PATH};
145 my @filtered = grep !/^\./, @dirs;
146 if (scalar @dirs != scalar @filtered) {
147 $ENV{PATH} = join ':', @filtered;
148 warn qq|Removed relative directories from PATH because you | .
149 qq|are running Perl with taint mode enabled. Remove -T | .
150 qq|to be able to use relative directories in PATH. | .
151 qq|New PATH is "$ENV{PATH}"|;
154 # Otherwise the qx() operator wont work:
155 delete @ENV{'IFS', 'CDPATH', 'ENV', 'BASH_ENV'};
156 chomp(my $result = qx(i3 $args));
157 # Circumventing taint mode again: the socket can be anywhere on the
158 # system and that’s okay.
159 if ($result =~ /^([^\0]+)$/) {
163 warn "Calling i3 $args failed. Is DISPLAY set and is i3 in your PATH?";
167 =head2 $i3 = AnyEvent::I3->new([ $path ])
169 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
171 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
172 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
173 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
174 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
178 my ($class, $path) = @_;
180 $path = _call_i3('--get-socketpath') unless $path;
182 # This is the old default path (v3.*). This fallback line can be removed in
183 # a year from now. -- Michael, 2012-07-09
184 $path ||= '~/.i3/ipc.sock';
186 # Check if we need to resolve ~
188 # We use getpwuid() instead of $ENV{HOME} because the latter is tainted
189 # and thus produces warnings when running tests with perl -T
190 my $home = (getpwuid($<))[7];
191 confess "Could not get home directory" unless $home and -d $home;
192 $path =~ s/~/$home/g;
195 bless { path => $path } => $class;
200 Establishes the connection to i3. Returns an C<AnyEvent::CondVar> which will
201 be triggered with a boolean (true if the connection was established) as soon as
202 the connection has been established.
204 if ($i3->connect->recv) {
205 say "Connected to i3";
211 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
213 tcp_connect "unix/", $self->{path}, sub {
216 return $cv->send(0) unless $fh;
218 $self->{ipchdl} = AnyEvent::Handle->new(
220 on_read => sub { my ($hdl) = @_; $self->_data_available($hdl) },
222 my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
223 delete $self->{ipchdl};
226 my $cb = $self->{callbacks};
228 # Trigger all one-time callbacks with undef
229 for my $type (keys %{$cb}) {
230 next if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
235 # Trigger _error callback, if set
236 my $type = $events{_error};
237 return unless defined($cb->{$type});
238 $cb->{$type}->($msg);
248 sub _data_available {
249 my ($self, $hdl) = @_;
252 chunk => length($magic) + 4 + 4,
255 # Unpack message length and read the payload
256 my ($len, $type) = unpack("LL", substr($header, length($magic)));
259 sub { $self->_handle_i3_message($type, $_[1]) }
265 sub _handle_i3_message {
266 my ($self, $type, $payload) = @_;
268 return unless defined($self->{callbacks}->{$type});
270 my $cb = $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
271 $cb->(decode_json $payload);
273 return if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
275 # If this was a one-time callback, we delete it
276 # (when connection is lost, all one-time callbacks get triggered)
277 delete $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
280 =head2 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)
282 Subscribes to the given event types. This function awaits a hashref with the
283 key being the name of the event and the value being a callback.
286 workspace => sub { say "Workspaces changed" }
289 if ($i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv->{success}) {
290 say "Successfully subscribed";
293 The special callback with name C<_error> is called when the connection to i3
294 is killed (because of a crash, exit or restart of i3 most likely). You can
295 use it to print an appropriate message and exit cleanly or to try to reconnect.
300 say "I am sorry. I am so sorry: $msg";
305 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv;
309 my ($self, $callbacks) = @_;
311 # Register callbacks for each message type
312 for my $key (keys %{$callbacks}) {
313 my $type = $events{$key};
314 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} = $callbacks->{$key};
317 $self->message(TYPE_SUBSCRIBE, [ keys %{$callbacks} ])
320 =head2 $i3->message($type, $content)
322 Sends a message of the specified C<type> to i3, possibly containing the data
323 structure C<content> (or C<content>, encoded as utf8, if C<content> is a
324 scalar), if specified.
326 my $reply = $i3->message(TYPE_RUN_COMMAND, "reload")->recv;
327 if ($reply->{success}) {
328 say "Configuration successfully reloaded";
333 my ($self, $type, $content) = @_;
335 confess "No message type specified" unless defined($type);
337 confess "No connection to i3" unless defined($self->{ipchdl});
341 if (not ref($content)) {
342 # Convert from Perl’s internal encoding to UTF8 octets
343 $payload = encode_utf8($content);
345 $payload = encode_json $content;
348 my $message = $magic . pack("LL", length($payload), $type) . $payload;
349 $self->{ipchdl}->push_write($message);
351 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
353 # We don’t preserve the old callback as it makes no sense to
354 # have a callback on message reply types (only on events)
355 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} =
359 undef $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
367 These methods intend to make your scripts as beautiful as possible. All of
368 them automatically establish a connection to i3 blockingly (if it does not
373 sub _ensure_connection {
376 return if defined($self->{ipchdl});
378 $self->connect->recv or confess "Unable to connect to i3 (socket path " . $self->{path} . ")";
381 =head2 get_workspaces
383 Gets the current workspaces from i3.
385 my $ws = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
392 $self->_ensure_connection;
394 $self->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)
399 Gets the current outputs from i3.
401 my $outs = i3->get_outputs->recv;
408 $self->_ensure_connection;
410 $self->message(TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS)
415 Gets the layout tree from i3 (>= v4.0).
417 my $tree = i3->get_tree->recv;
424 $self->_ensure_connection;
426 $self->message(TYPE_GET_TREE)
431 Gets all the window identifier marks from i3 (>= v4.1).
433 my $marks = i3->get_marks->recv;
440 $self->_ensure_connection;
442 $self->message(TYPE_GET_MARKS)
445 =head2 get_bar_config
447 Gets the bar configuration for the specific bar id from i3 (>= v4.1).
449 my $config = i3->get_bar_config($id)->recv;
454 my ($self, $id) = @_;
456 $self->_ensure_connection;
458 $self->message(TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG, $id)
463 Gets the i3 version via IPC, with a fall-back that parses the output of i3
464 --version (for i3 < v4.3).
466 my $version = i3->get_version()->recv;
467 say "major: " . $version->{major} . ", minor = " . $version->{minor};
473 $self->_ensure_connection;
475 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
477 my $version_cv = $self->message(TYPE_GET_VERSION);
479 $timeout = AnyEvent->timer(
482 warn "Falling back to i3 --version since the running i3 doesn’t support GET_VERSION yet.";
483 my $version = _call_i3('--version');
484 $version =~ s/^i3 version //;
486 my ($major, $minor) = ($version =~ /^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/);
487 if ($version =~ /^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.([0-9]+)/) {
490 # Strip everything from the © sign on.
491 $version =~ s/ ©.*$//g;
493 major => int($major),
494 minor => int($minor),
495 patch => int($patch),
496 human_readable => $version,
501 $version_cv->cb(sub {
503 $cv->send($version_cv->recv);
511 Gets the raw last read config from i3. Requires i3 >= 4.14
517 $self->_ensure_connection;
519 $self->message(TYPE_GET_CONFIG);
523 =head2 command($content)
525 Makes i3 execute the given command
527 my $reply = i3->command("reload")->recv;
528 die "command failed" unless $reply->{success};
532 my ($self, $content) = @_;
534 $self->_ensure_connection;
536 $self->message(TYPE_RUN_COMMAND, $content)
541 Michael Stapelberg, C<< <michael at i3wm.org> >>
545 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-anyevent-i3 at
546 rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
547 L<https://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=AnyEvent-I3>. I will be
548 notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as
553 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
557 You can also look for information at:
561 =item * RT: CPAN's request tracker
563 L<https://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=AnyEvent-I3>
565 =item * The i3 window manager website
572 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
575 =head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
577 Copyright 2010-2012 Michael Stapelberg.
579 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
580 under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published
581 by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
583 See https://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
588 1; # End of AnyEvent::I3