2 # vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
11 use Scalar::Util qw(tainted);
15 AnyEvent::I3 - communicate with the i3 window manager
19 our $VERSION = '0.15';
27 This module connects to the i3 window manager using the UNIX socket based
28 IPC interface it provides (if enabled in the configuration file). You can
29 then subscribe to events or send messages and receive their replies.
31 use AnyEvent::I3 qw(:all);
35 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting";
36 say "Connected to i3";
38 my $workspaces = $i3->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)->recv;
39 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
41 ...or, using the sugar methods:
45 my $workspaces = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
46 say "Currently, you use " . @{$workspaces} . " workspaces";
48 A somewhat more involved example which dumps the i3 layout tree whenever there
57 $i3->connect->recv or die "Error connecting to i3";
61 $i3->get_tree->cb(sub {
63 say "tree: " . Dumper($tree);
66 })->recv->{success} or die "Error subscribing to events";
72 =head2 $i3 = i3([ $path ]);
74 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
76 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
77 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
78 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
79 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
81 =head1 SUBROUTINES/METHODS
85 use Exporter qw(import);
90 use constant TYPE_COMMAND => 0;
91 use constant TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES => 1;
92 use constant TYPE_SUBSCRIBE => 2;
93 use constant TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS => 3;
94 use constant TYPE_GET_TREE => 4;
95 use constant TYPE_GET_MARKS => 5;
96 use constant TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG => 6;
97 use constant TYPE_GET_VERSION => 7;
99 our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [
100 qw(i3 TYPE_COMMAND TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES TYPE_SUBSCRIBE TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS
101 TYPE_GET_TREE TYPE_GET_MARKS TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG TYPE_GET_VERSION)
104 our @EXPORT_OK = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{all} } );
106 my $magic = "i3-ipc";
108 # TODO: auto-generate this from the header file? (i3/ipc.h)
109 my $event_mask = (1 << 31);
111 workspace => ($event_mask | 0),
112 output => ($event_mask | 1),
113 mode => ($event_mask | 2),
114 window => ($event_mask | 3),
115 _error => 0xFFFFFFFF,
119 AnyEvent::I3->new(@_)
122 # Calls i3, even when running in taint mode.
126 my $path_tainted = tainted($ENV{PATH});
127 # This effectively circumvents taint mode checking for $ENV{PATH}. We
128 # do this because users might specify PATH explicitly to call i3 in a
129 # custom location (think ~/.bin/).
130 (local $ENV{PATH}) = ($ENV{PATH} =~ /(.*)/);
132 # In taint mode, we also need to remove all relative directories from
133 # PATH (like . or ../bin). We only do this in taint mode and warn the
134 # user, since this might break a real-world use case for some people.
136 my @dirs = split /:/, $ENV{PATH};
137 my @filtered = grep !/^\./, @dirs;
138 if (scalar @dirs != scalar @filtered) {
139 $ENV{PATH} = join ':', @filtered;
140 warn qq|Removed relative directories from PATH because you | .
141 qq|are running Perl with taint mode enabled. Remove -T | .
142 qq|to be able to use relative directories in PATH. | .
143 qq|New PATH is "$ENV{PATH}"|;
146 # Otherwise the qx() operator wont work:
147 delete @ENV{'IFS', 'CDPATH', 'ENV', 'BASH_ENV'};
148 chomp(my $result = qx(i3 $args));
149 # Circumventing taint mode again: the socket can be anywhere on the
150 # system and that’s okay.
151 if ($result =~ /^([^\0]+)$/) {
155 warn "Calling i3 $args failed. Is DISPLAY set and is i3 in your PATH?";
159 =head2 $i3 = AnyEvent::I3->new([ $path ])
161 Creates a new C<AnyEvent::I3> object and returns it.
163 C<path> is an optional path of the UNIX socket to connect to. It is strongly
164 advised to NOT specify this unless you're absolutely sure you need it.
165 C<AnyEvent::I3> will automatically figure it out by querying the running i3
166 instance on the current DISPLAY which is almost always what you want.
170 my ($class, $path) = @_;
172 $path = _call_i3('--get-socketpath') unless $path;
174 # This is the old default path (v3.*). This fallback line can be removed in
175 # a year from now. -- Michael, 2012-07-09
176 $path ||= '~/.i3/ipc.sock';
178 # Check if we need to resolve ~
180 # We use getpwuid() instead of $ENV{HOME} because the latter is tainted
181 # and thus produces warnings when running tests with perl -T
182 my $home = (getpwuid($<))[7];
183 die "Could not get home directory" unless $home and -d $home;
184 $path =~ s/~/$home/g;
187 bless { path => $path } => $class;
192 Establishes the connection to i3. Returns an C<AnyEvent::CondVar> which will
193 be triggered with a boolean (true if the connection was established) as soon as
194 the connection has been established.
196 if ($i3->connect->recv) {
197 say "Connected to i3";
203 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
205 tcp_connect "unix/", $self->{path}, sub {
208 return $cv->send(0) unless $fh;
210 $self->{ipchdl} = AnyEvent::Handle->new(
212 on_read => sub { my ($hdl) = @_; $self->_data_available($hdl) },
214 my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
215 delete $self->{ipchdl};
218 my $cb = $self->{callbacks};
220 # Trigger all one-time callbacks with undef
221 for my $type (keys %{$cb}) {
222 next if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
227 # Trigger _error callback, if set
228 my $type = $events{_error};
229 return unless defined($cb->{$type});
230 $cb->{$type}->($msg);
240 sub _data_available {
241 my ($self, $hdl) = @_;
244 chunk => length($magic) + 4 + 4,
247 # Unpack message length and read the payload
248 my ($len, $type) = unpack("LL", substr($header, length($magic)));
251 sub { $self->_handle_i3_message($type, $_[1]) }
257 sub _handle_i3_message {
258 my ($self, $type, $payload) = @_;
260 return unless defined($self->{callbacks}->{$type});
262 my $cb = $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
263 $cb->(decode_json $payload);
265 return if ($type & $event_mask) == $event_mask;
267 # If this was a one-time callback, we delete it
268 # (when connection is lost, all one-time callbacks get triggered)
269 delete $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
272 =head2 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)
274 Subscribes to the given event types. This function awaits a hashref with the
275 key being the name of the event and the value being a callback.
278 workspace => sub { say "Workspaces changed" }
281 if ($i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv->{success}) {
282 say "Successfully subscribed";
285 The special callback with name C<_error> is called when the connection to i3
286 is killed (because of a crash, exit or restart of i3 most likely). You can
287 use it to print an appropriate message and exit cleanly or to try to reconnect.
292 say "I am sorry. I am so sorry: $msg";
297 $i3->subscribe(\%callbacks)->recv;
301 my ($self, $callbacks) = @_;
303 # Register callbacks for each message type
304 for my $key (keys %{$callbacks}) {
305 my $type = $events{$key};
306 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} = $callbacks->{$key};
309 $self->message(TYPE_SUBSCRIBE, [ keys %{$callbacks} ])
312 =head2 $i3->message($type, $content)
314 Sends a message of the specified C<type> to i3, possibly containing the data
315 structure C<content> (or C<content>, encoded as utf8, if C<content> is a
316 scalar), if specified.
318 my $reply = $i3->message(TYPE_COMMAND, "reload")->recv;
319 if ($reply->{success}) {
320 say "Configuration successfully reloaded";
325 my ($self, $type, $content) = @_;
327 die "No message type specified" unless defined($type);
329 die "No connection to i3" unless defined($self->{ipchdl});
333 if (not ref($content)) {
334 # Convert from Perl’s internal encoding to UTF8 octets
335 $payload = encode_utf8($content);
337 $payload = encode_json $content;
340 my $message = $magic . pack("LL", length($payload), $type) . $payload;
341 $self->{ipchdl}->push_write($message);
343 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
345 # We don’t preserve the old callback as it makes no sense to
346 # have a callback on message reply types (only on events)
347 $self->{callbacks}->{$type} =
351 undef $self->{callbacks}->{$type};
359 These methods intend to make your scripts as beautiful as possible. All of
360 them automatically establish a connection to i3 blockingly (if it does not
365 sub _ensure_connection {
368 return if defined($self->{ipchdl});
370 $self->connect->recv or die "Unable to connect to i3 (socket path " . $self->{path} . ")";
373 =head2 get_workspaces
375 Gets the current workspaces from i3.
377 my $ws = i3->get_workspaces->recv;
384 $self->_ensure_connection;
386 $self->message(TYPE_GET_WORKSPACES)
391 Gets the current outputs from i3.
393 my $outs = i3->get_outputs->recv;
400 $self->_ensure_connection;
402 $self->message(TYPE_GET_OUTPUTS)
407 Gets the layout tree from i3 (>= v4.0).
409 my $tree = i3->get_tree->recv;
416 $self->_ensure_connection;
418 $self->message(TYPE_GET_TREE)
423 Gets all the window identifier marks from i3 (>= v4.1).
425 my $marks = i3->get_marks->recv;
432 $self->_ensure_connection;
434 $self->message(TYPE_GET_MARKS)
437 =head2 get_bar_config
439 Gets the bar configuration for the specific bar id from i3 (>= v4.1).
441 my $config = i3->get_bar_config($id)->recv;
446 my ($self, $id) = @_;
448 $self->_ensure_connection;
450 $self->message(TYPE_GET_BAR_CONFIG, $id)
455 Gets the i3 version via IPC, with a fall-back that parses the output of i3
456 --version (for i3 < v4.3).
458 my $version = i3->get_version()->recv;
459 say "major: " . $version->{major} . ", minor = " . $version->{minor};
465 $self->_ensure_connection;
467 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
469 my $version_cv = $self->message(TYPE_GET_VERSION);
471 $timeout = AnyEvent->timer(
474 warn "Falling back to i3 --version since the running i3 doesn’t support GET_VERSION yet.";
475 my $version = _call_i3('--version');
476 $version =~ s/^i3 version //;
478 my ($major, $minor) = ($version =~ /^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/);
479 if ($version =~ /^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.([0-9]+)/) {
482 # Strip everything from the © sign on.
483 $version =~ s/ ©.*$//g;
485 major => int($major),
486 minor => int($minor),
487 patch => int($patch),
488 human_readable => $version,
493 $version_cv->cb(sub {
495 $cv->send($version_cv->recv);
501 =head2 command($content)
503 Makes i3 execute the given command
505 my $reply = i3->command("reload")->recv;
506 die "command failed" unless $reply->{success};
510 my ($self, $content) = @_;
512 $self->_ensure_connection;
514 $self->message(TYPE_COMMAND, $content)
519 Michael Stapelberg, C<< <michael at i3wm.org> >>
523 Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-anyevent-i3 at
524 rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
525 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=AnyEvent-I3>. I will be
526 notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as
531 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
535 You can also look for information at:
539 =item * RT: CPAN's request tracker
541 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=AnyEvent-I3>
543 =item * The i3 window manager website
550 =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
553 =head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
555 Copyright 2010-2012 Michael Stapelberg.
557 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
558 under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as published
559 by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
561 See http://dev.perl.org/licenses/ for more information.
566 1; # End of AnyEvent::I3