4 * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
6 * © 2009 Michael Stapelberg and contributors
8 * See file LICENSE for license information.
10 * src/manage.c: Contains all functions for initially managing new windows
11 * (or existing ones on restart).
19 #include <xcb/xcb_icccm.h>
32 #include "workspace.h"
35 * Go through all existing windows (if the window manager is restarted) and manage them
38 void manage_existing_windows(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_window_t root) {
39 xcb_query_tree_reply_t *reply;
41 xcb_window_t *children;
42 xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t *cookies;
44 /* Get the tree of windows whose parent is the root window (= all) */
45 if ((reply = xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, xcb_query_tree(conn, root), 0)) == NULL)
48 len = xcb_query_tree_children_length(reply);
49 cookies = smalloc(len * sizeof(*cookies));
51 /* Request the window attributes for every window */
52 children = xcb_query_tree_children(reply);
53 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i)
54 cookies[i] = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, children[i]);
56 /* Call manage_window with the attributes for every window */
57 for(i = 0; i < len; ++i)
58 manage_window(prophs, conn, children[i], cookies[i], true);
65 * Do some sanity checks and then reparent the window.
68 void manage_window(xcb_property_handlers_t *prophs, xcb_connection_t *conn,
69 xcb_window_t window, xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t cookie,
70 bool needs_to_be_mapped) {
71 LOG("managing window.\n");
72 xcb_drawable_t d = { window };
73 xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t geomc;
74 xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geom;
75 xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *attr = 0;
77 geomc = xcb_get_geometry(conn, d);
79 /* Check if the window is mapped (it could be not mapped when intializing and
80 calling manage_window() for every window) */
81 if ((attr = xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, cookie, 0)) == NULL) {
82 LOG("Could not get attributes\n");
86 if (needs_to_be_mapped && attr->map_state != XCB_MAP_STATE_VIEWABLE) {
87 LOG("Window not mapped, not managing\n");
91 /* Don’t manage clients with the override_redirect flag */
92 if (attr->override_redirect) {
93 LOG("override_redirect set, not managing\n");
97 /* Check if the window is already managed */
98 if (table_get(&by_child, window))
101 /* Get the initial geometry (position, size, …) */
102 if ((geom = xcb_get_geometry_reply(conn, geomc, 0)) == NULL)
105 /* Reparent the window and add it to our list of managed windows */
106 reparent_window(conn, window, attr->visual, geom->root, geom->depth,
107 geom->x, geom->y, geom->width, geom->height);
109 /* Generate callback events for every property we watch */
110 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_CLASS);
111 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_NAME);
112 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_NORMAL_HINTS);
113 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, WM_TRANSIENT_FOR);
114 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, atoms[WM_CLIENT_LEADER]);
115 xcb_property_changed(prophs, XCB_PROPERTY_NEW_VALUE, window, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME]);
124 * reparent_window() gets called when a new window was opened and becomes a child of the root
125 * window, or it gets called by us when we manage the already existing windows at startup.
127 * Essentially, this is the point where we take over control.
130 void reparent_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_window_t child,
131 xcb_visualid_t visual, xcb_window_t root, uint8_t depth,
132 int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t width, uint16_t height) {
134 xcb_get_property_cookie_t wm_type_cookie, strut_cookie, state_cookie,
135 utf8_title_cookie, title_cookie,
136 class_cookie, leader_cookie;
139 uint16_t original_height = height;
140 bool map_frame = true;
142 /* We are interested in property changes */
143 mask = XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
144 values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
145 xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, child, mask, values);
147 /* Place requests for properties ASAP */
148 wm_type_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE], UINT32_MAX);
149 strut_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL], UINT32_MAX);
150 state_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_STATE], UINT32_MAX);
151 utf8_title_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], 128);
152 leader_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, atoms[WM_CLIENT_LEADER], UINT32_MAX);
153 title_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, WM_NAME, 128);
154 class_cookie = xcb_get_any_property_unchecked(conn, false, child, WM_CLASS, 128);
156 Client *new = table_get(&by_child, child);
158 /* Events for already managed windows should already be filtered in manage_window() */
161 LOG("reparenting new client\n");
162 LOG("x = %d, y = %d, width = %d, height = %d\n", x, y, width, height);
163 new = calloc(sizeof(Client), 1);
164 new->force_reconfigure = true;
166 /* Update the data structures */
167 Client *old_focused = CUR_CELL->currently_focused;
169 new->container = CUR_CELL;
170 new->workspace = new->container->workspace;
172 /* Minimum useful size for managed windows is 75x50 (primarily affects floating) */
173 width = max(width, 75);
174 height = max(height, 50);
176 new->frame = xcb_generate_id(conn);
178 new->rect.width = width;
179 new->rect.height = height;
180 /* Pre-initialize the values for floating */
181 new->floating_rect.x = -1;
182 new->floating_rect.width = width;
183 new->floating_rect.height = height;
187 /* Don’t generate events for our new window, it should *not* be managed */
188 mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
191 /* We want to know when… */
192 mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
193 values[1] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
195 LOG("Reparenting 0x%08x under 0x%08x.\n", child, new->frame);
197 i3Font *font = load_font(conn, config.font);
198 width = min(width, c_ws->rect.x + c_ws->rect.width);
199 height = min(height, c_ws->rect.y + c_ws->rect.height);
201 Rect framerect = {x, y,
202 width + 2 + 2, /* 2 px border at each side */
203 height + 2 + 2 + font->height}; /* 2 px border plus font’s height */
205 /* Yo dawg, I heard you like windows, so I create a window around your window… */
206 new->frame = create_window(conn, framerect, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, XCB_CURSOR_LEFT_PTR, false, mask, values);
208 /* Set WM_STATE_NORMAL because GTK applications don’t want to drag & drop if we don’t.
209 * Also, xprop(1) needs that to work. */
210 long data[] = { XCB_WM_STATE_NORMAL, XCB_NONE };
211 xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, new->child, atoms[WM_STATE], atoms[WM_STATE], 32, 2, data);
213 /* Put the client inside the save set. Upon termination (whether killed or normal exit
214 does not matter) of the window manager, these clients will be correctly reparented
215 to their most closest living ancestor (= cleanup) */
216 xcb_change_save_set(conn, XCB_SET_MODE_INSERT, child);
218 /* Generate a graphics context for the titlebar */
219 new->titlegc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
220 xcb_create_gc(conn, new->titlegc, new->frame, 0, 0);
222 /* Moves the original window into the new frame we've created for it */
223 new->awaiting_useless_unmap = true;
224 xcb_void_cookie_t cookie = xcb_reparent_window_checked(conn, child, new->frame, 0, font->height);
225 if (xcb_request_check(conn, cookie) != NULL) {
226 LOG("Could not reparent the window, aborting\n");
227 xcb_destroy_window(conn, new->frame);
232 /* Put our data structure (Client) into the table */
233 table_put(&by_parent, new->frame, new);
234 table_put(&by_child, child, new);
236 /* We need to grab the mouse buttons for click to focus */
237 xcb_grab_button(conn, false, child, XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS,
238 XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, root, XCB_NONE,
239 1 /* left mouse button */,
240 XCB_BUTTON_MASK_ANY /* don’t filter for any modifiers */);
242 xcb_grab_button(conn, false, child, XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS,
243 XCB_GRAB_MODE_SYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, root, XCB_NONE,
244 1 /* left mouse button */, XCB_MOD_MASK_1);
246 /* Get _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE (to see if it’s a dock) */
248 xcb_get_property_reply_t *preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, wm_type_cookie, NULL);
249 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (atom = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
250 for (int i = 0; i < xcb_get_property_value_length(preply); i++)
251 if (atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DOCK]) {
252 LOG("Window is a dock.\n");
254 new->titlebar_position = TITLEBAR_OFF;
255 new->force_reconfigure = true;
256 new->container = NULL;
257 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(c_ws->screen->dock_clients), new, dock_clients);
258 /* If it’s a dock we can’t make it float, so we break */
259 new->floating = FLOATING_AUTO_OFF;
261 } else if (atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG] ||
262 atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY] ||
263 atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_TOOLBAR] ||
264 atom[i] == atoms[_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_SPLASH]) {
265 /* Set the dialog window to automatically floating, will be used below */
266 new->floating = FLOATING_AUTO_ON;
267 LOG("dialog/utility/toolbar/splash window, automatically floating\n");
271 /* All clients which have a leader should be floating */
272 if (!new->dock && !client_is_floating(new) && new->leader != 0) {
273 LOG("Client has WM_CLIENT_LEADER hint set, setting floating\n");
274 new->floating = FLOATING_AUTO_ON;
277 if (new->workspace->auto_float) {
278 new->floating = FLOATING_AUTO_ON;
279 LOG("workspace is in autofloat mode, setting floating\n");
283 /* Get _NET_WM_STRUT_PARTIAL to determine the client’s requested height */
285 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, strut_cookie, NULL);
286 if (preply != NULL && preply->value_len > 0 && (strut = xcb_get_property_value(preply))) {
287 /* We only use a subset of the provided values, namely the reserved space at the top/bottom
288 of the screen. This is because the only possibility for bars is at to be at the top/bottom
289 with maximum horizontal size.
290 TODO: bars at the top */
291 new->desired_height = strut[3];
292 if (new->desired_height == 0) {
293 LOG("Client wanted to be 0 pixels high, using the window's height (%d)\n", original_height);
294 new->desired_height = original_height;
296 LOG("the client wants to be %d pixels high\n", new->desired_height);
298 LOG("The client didn't specify space to reserve at the screen edge, using its height (%d)\n", original_height);
299 new->desired_height = original_height;
302 /* If it’s not a dock, we can check on which workspace we should put it. */
304 /* Firstly, we need to get the window’s class / title. We asked for the properties at the
305 * top of this function, get them now and pass them to our callback function for window class / title
306 * changes. It is important that the client was already inserted into the by_child table,
307 * because the callbacks won’t work otherwise. */
308 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, utf8_title_cookie, NULL);
309 handle_windowname_change(NULL, conn, 0, new->child, atoms[_NET_WM_NAME], preply);
311 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, title_cookie, NULL);
312 handle_windowname_change_legacy(NULL, conn, 0, new->child, WM_NAME, preply);
314 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, class_cookie, NULL);
315 handle_windowclass_change(NULL, conn, 0, new->child, WM_CLASS, preply);
317 preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, leader_cookie, NULL);
318 handle_clientleader_change(NULL, conn, 0, new->child, atoms[WM_CLIENT_LEADER], preply);
320 LOG("DEBUG: should have all infos now\n");
321 struct Assignment *assign;
322 TAILQ_FOREACH(assign, &assignments, assignments) {
323 if (get_matching_client(conn, assign->windowclass_title, new) == NULL)
326 if (assign->floating == ASSIGN_FLOATING_ONLY ||
327 assign->floating == ASSIGN_FLOATING) {
328 new->floating = FLOATING_AUTO_ON;
329 LOG("Assignment matches, putting client into floating mode\n");
330 if (assign->floating == ASSIGN_FLOATING_ONLY)
334 LOG("Assignment \"%s\" matches, so putting it on workspace %d\n",
335 assign->windowclass_title, assign->workspace);
337 if (c_ws->screen->current_workspace == (assign->workspace-1)) {
338 LOG("We are already there, no need to do anything\n");
342 LOG("Changing container/workspace and unmapping the client\n");
343 Workspace *t_ws = &(workspaces[assign->workspace-1]);
344 if (t_ws->screen == NULL) {
345 LOG("initializing new workspace, setting num to %d\n", assign->workspace);
346 t_ws->screen = c_ws->screen;
347 /* Copy the dimensions from the virtual screen */
348 memcpy(&(t_ws->rect), &(t_ws->screen->rect), sizeof(Rect));
351 new->container = t_ws->table[t_ws->current_col][t_ws->current_row];
352 new->workspace = t_ws;
353 old_focused = new->container->currently_focused;
355 map_frame = workspace_is_visible(t_ws);
360 if (CUR_CELL->workspace->fullscreen_client != NULL) {
361 if (new->container == CUR_CELL) {
362 /* If we are in fullscreen, we should lower the window to not be annoying */
363 uint32_t values[] = { XCB_STACK_MODE_BELOW };
364 xcb_configure_window(conn, new->frame, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values);
368 /* Insert into the currently active container, if it’s not a dock window */
369 if (!new->dock && !client_is_floating(new)) {
370 /* Insert after the old active client, if existing. If it does not exist, the
371 container is empty and it does not matter, where we insert it */
372 if (old_focused != NULL && !old_focused->dock)
373 CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&(new->container->clients), old_focused, new, clients);
374 else CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&(new->container->clients), new, clients);
376 if (new->container->workspace->fullscreen_client != NULL)
377 SLIST_INSERT_AFTER(new->container->workspace->fullscreen_client, new, focus_clients);
378 else SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(new->container->workspace->focus_stack), new, focus_clients);
380 client_set_below_floating(conn, new);
383 if (client_is_floating(new)) {
384 SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&(new->workspace->focus_stack), new, focus_clients);
386 /* Add the client to the list of floating clients for its workspace */
387 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&(new->workspace->floating_clients), new, floating_clients);
389 new->container = NULL;
391 new->rect.width = new->floating_rect.width + 2 + 2;
392 new->rect.height = new->floating_rect.height + (font->height + 2 + 2) + 2;
394 /* Some clients (like GIMP’s color picker window) get mapped
395 * to (0, 0), so we push them to a reasonable position
396 * (centered over their leader) */
397 if (new->leader != 0 && x == 0 && y == 0) {
398 LOG("Floating client wants to (0x0), moving it over its leader instead\n");
399 Client *leader = table_get(&by_child, new->leader);
400 if (leader == NULL) {
401 LOG("leader is NULL, centering it over current workspace\n");
403 x = c_ws->rect.x + (c_ws->rect.width / 2) - (new->rect.width / 2);
404 y = c_ws->rect.y + (c_ws->rect.height / 2) - (new->rect.height / 2);
406 x = leader->rect.x + (leader->rect.width / 2) - (new->rect.width / 2);
407 y = leader->rect.y + (leader->rect.height / 2) - (new->rect.height / 2);
410 new->floating_rect.x = new->rect.x = x;
411 new->floating_rect.y = new->rect.y = y;
412 LOG("copying floating_rect from tiling (%d, %d) size (%d, %d)\n",
413 new->floating_rect.x, new->floating_rect.y,
414 new->floating_rect.width, new->floating_rect.height);
415 LOG("outer rect (%d, %d) size (%d, %d)\n",
416 new->rect.x, new->rect.y, new->rect.width, new->rect.height);
418 /* Make sure it is on top of the other windows */
419 xcb_raise_window(conn, new->frame);
420 reposition_client(conn, new);
421 resize_client(conn, new);
422 /* redecorate_window flushes */
423 redecorate_window(conn, new);
426 new->initialized = true;
428 /* Check if the window already got the fullscreen hint set */
430 if ((preply = xcb_get_property_reply(conn, state_cookie, NULL)) != NULL &&
431 (state = xcb_get_property_value(preply)) != NULL)
432 /* Check all set _NET_WM_STATEs */
433 for (int i = 0; i < xcb_get_property_value_length(preply); i++) {
434 if (state[i] != atoms[_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN])
436 /* If the window got the fullscreen state, we just toggle fullscreen
437 and don’t event bother to redraw the layout – that would not change
439 client_toggle_fullscreen(conn, new);
445 /* Map the window first to avoid flickering */
446 xcb_map_window(conn, child);
448 xcb_map_window(conn, new->frame);
449 if (CUR_CELL->workspace->fullscreen_client == NULL && !new->dock) {
450 /* Focus the new window if we’re not in fullscreen mode and if it is not a dock window */
451 if (new->workspace->fullscreen_client == NULL) {
452 if (!client_is_floating(new))
453 new->container->currently_focused = new;
454 if (new->container == CUR_CELL || client_is_floating(new))
455 xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, new->child, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);