3 * dvd.c -- Routines specific to DVD devices (and
4 * possibly other removable hard media).
11 Copyright (C) 2005 Kern Sibbald
13 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
14 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
15 version 2 as amended with additional clauses defined in the
16 file LICENSE in the main source directory.
18 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
19 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
21 the file LICENSE for additional details.
28 /* Forward referenced functions */
29 static void edit_device_codes_dev(DEVICE *dev, POOL_MEM &omsg, const char *imsg);
30 static bool do_mount_dev(DEVICE* dev, int mount, int dotimeout);
31 static void add_file_and_part_name(DEVICE *dev, POOL_MEM &archive_name);
34 * Write the current volume/part filename to archive_name.
36 void make_mounted_dvd_filename(DEVICE *dev, POOL_MEM &archive_name)
38 pm_strcpy(archive_name, dev->device->mount_point);
39 add_file_and_part_name(dev, archive_name);
40 dev->set_part_spooled(false);
43 void make_spooled_dvd_filename(DEVICE *dev, POOL_MEM &archive_name)
45 /* Use the working directory if spool directory is not defined */
46 if (dev->device->spool_directory) {
47 pm_strcpy(archive_name, dev->device->spool_directory);
49 pm_strcpy(archive_name, working_directory);
51 add_file_and_part_name(dev, archive_name);
52 dev->set_part_spooled(true);
55 static void add_file_and_part_name(DEVICE *dev, POOL_MEM &archive_name)
58 if (archive_name.c_str()[strlen(archive_name.c_str())-1] != '/') {
59 pm_strcat(archive_name, "/");
62 pm_strcat(archive_name, dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName);
63 /* if part > 1, append .# to the filename (where # is the part number) */
65 pm_strcat(archive_name, ".");
66 bsnprintf(partnumber, sizeof(partnumber), "%d", dev->part);
67 pm_strcat(archive_name, partnumber);
69 Dmsg1(100, "Exit make_dvd_filename: arch=%s\n", archive_name.c_str());
73 * If timeout, wait until the mount command returns 0.
74 * If !timeout, try to mount the device only once.
76 bool mount_dev(DEVICE* dev, int timeout)
78 Dmsg0(90, "Enter mount_dev\n");
79 if (dev->is_mounted()) {
81 } else if (dev->requires_mount()) {
82 return do_mount_dev(dev, 1, timeout);
88 * If timeout, wait until the unmount command returns 0.
89 * If !timeout, try to unmount the device only once.
91 bool unmount_dev(DEVICE *dev, int timeout)
93 Dmsg0(90, "Enter unmount_dev\n");
94 if (dev->is_mounted()) {
95 return do_mount_dev(dev, 0, timeout);
100 /* (Un)mount the device */
101 static bool do_mount_dev(DEVICE* dev, int mount, int dotimeout)
103 POOL_MEM ocmd(PM_FNAME);
108 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
110 if (dev->is_mounted()) {
111 Dmsg0(200, "======= DVD mount=1\n");
114 icmd = dev->device->mount_command;
116 if (!dev->is_mounted()) {
117 Dmsg0(200, "======= DVD mount=0\n");
120 icmd = dev->device->unmount_command;
123 edit_device_codes_dev(dev, ocmd, icmd);
125 Dmsg2(200, "do_mount_dev: cmd=%s mounted=%d\n", ocmd.c_str(), !!dev->is_mounted());
128 /* Try at most 1 time to (un)mount the device. This should perhaps be configurable. */
133 results = get_memory(2000);
135 /* If busy retry each second */
136 while ((status = run_program_full_output(ocmd.c_str(),
137 dev->max_open_wait/2, results)) != 0) {
138 /* Doesn't work with internationalisation (This is not a problem) */
139 if (fnmatch("*is already mounted on", results, 0) == 0) {
143 /* Sometimes the device cannot be mounted because it is already mounted.
144 * Try to unmount it, then remount it */
146 Dmsg1(400, "Trying to unmount the device %s...\n", dev->print_name());
147 do_mount_dev(dev, 0, 0);
152 Dmsg2(40, "Device %s cannot be mounted. ERR=%s\n", dev->print_name(), results);
153 Mmsg(dev->errmsg, _("Device %s cannot be mounted. ERR=%s\n"),
154 dev->print_name(), results);
156 * Now, just to be sure it is not mounted, try to read the
160 struct dirent *entry, *result;
164 name_max = pathconf(".", _PC_NAME_MAX);
165 if (name_max < 1024) {
169 if (!(dp = opendir(dev->device->mount_point))) {
171 dev->dev_errno = errno;
172 Dmsg3(29, "open_mounted_dev: failed to open dir %s (dev=%s), ERR=%s\n",
173 dev->device->mount_point, dev->print_name(), be.strerror());
177 entry = (struct dirent *)malloc(sizeof(struct dirent) + name_max + 1000);
179 if ((readdir_r(dp, entry, &result) != 0) || (result == NULL)) {
180 dev->dev_errno = EIO;
181 Dmsg2(129, "open_mounted_dev: failed to find suitable file in dir %s (dev=%s)\n",
182 dev->device->mount_point, dev->print_name());
190 Dmsg1(29, "open_mounted_dev: got %d files in the mount point\n", count);
193 mount = 1; /* If we got more than . and .. */
194 break; /* there must be something mounted */
197 dev->set_mounted(false);
198 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
199 free_pool_memory(results);
200 Dmsg0(200, "============ DVD mount=0\n");
204 dev->set_mounted(mount); /* set/clear mounted flag */
205 free_pool_memory(results);
206 /* Do not check free space when unmounting (otherwise it will mount it again) */
208 update_free_space_dev(dev);
210 Dmsg1(200, "============ DVD mount=%d\n", mount);
214 /* Update the free space on the device */
215 void update_free_space_dev(DEVICE* dev)
217 POOL_MEM ocmd(PM_FNAME);
224 /* The device must be mounted in order to dvd-freespace to work */
227 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
228 icmd = dev->device->free_space_command;
232 dev->free_space_errno = 0;
233 dev->clear_freespace_ok(); /* No valid freespace */
235 Dmsg2(29, "update_free_space_dev: free_space=%s, free_space_errno=%d (!icmd)\n",
236 edit_uint64(dev->free_space, ed1), dev->free_space_errno);
240 edit_device_codes_dev(dev, ocmd, icmd);
242 Dmsg1(29, "update_free_space_dev: cmd=%s\n", ocmd.c_str());
244 results = get_pool_memory(PM_MESSAGE);
246 /* Try at most 3 times to get the free space on the device. This should perhaps be configurable. */
250 if (run_program_full_output(ocmd.c_str(), dev->max_open_wait/2, results) == 0) {
251 Dmsg1(100, "Free space program run : %s\n", results);
252 free = str_to_int64(results);
254 dev->free_space = free;
255 dev->free_space_errno = 0;
256 dev->set_freespace_ok(); /* have valid freespace */
258 Mmsg0(dev->errmsg, "");
263 dev->free_space_errno = EPIPE;
264 dev->clear_freespace_ok(); /* no valid freespace */
265 Mmsg1(dev->errmsg, _("Cannot run free space command (%s)\n"), results);
268 Dmsg4(40, "Cannot get free space on device %s. free_space=%s, "
269 "free_space_errno=%d ERR=%s\n", dev->print_name(),
270 edit_uint64(dev->free_space, ed1), dev->free_space_errno,
276 dev->dev_errno = dev->free_space_errno;
277 Dmsg4(40, "Cannot get free space on device %s. free_space=%s, "
278 "free_space_errno=%d ERR=%s\n",
279 dev->print_name(), edit_uint64(dev->free_space, ed1),
280 dev->free_space_errno, dev->errmsg);
284 free_pool_memory(results);
285 Dmsg4(29, "update_free_space_dev: free_space=%s freespace_ok=%d free_space_errno=%d have_media=%d\n",
286 edit_uint64(dev->free_space, ed1), !!dev->is_freespace_ok(), dev->free_space_errno, !!dev->have_media());
287 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
292 * Write a part (Vol, Vol.1, ...) from the spool to the DVD
293 * This routine does not update the part number, so normally, you
294 * should call open_next_part()
295 * It is also called from truncate_dvd_dev to "blank" the medium, as
296 * well as from block.c when the DVD is full to write the last part.
298 bool dvd_write_part(DCR *dcr)
300 DEVICE *dev = dcr->dev;
301 POOL_MEM ocmd(PM_FNAME);
307 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
308 Dmsg3(29, "dvd_write_part: device is %s, part is %d, is_mounted=%d\n", dev->print_name(), dev->part, dev->is_mounted());
309 icmd = dev->device->write_part_command;
311 edit_device_codes_dev(dev, ocmd, icmd);
314 * Wait at most the time a maximum size part is written in DVD 0.5x speed
315 * FIXME: Minimum speed should be in device configuration
317 timeout = dev->max_open_wait + (dev->max_part_size/(1350*1024/2));
319 Dmsg2(29, "dvd_write_part: cmd=%s timeout=%d\n", ocmd.c_str(), timeout);
322 POOL_MEM results(PM_MESSAGE);
323 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
324 status = run_program_full_output(ocmd.c_str(), timeout, results.c_str());
325 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
327 Mmsg1(dev->errmsg, _("Error while writing current part to the DVD: %s"),
329 Dmsg1(000, "%s", dev->errmsg);
330 dev->dev_errno = EIO;
331 mark_volume_in_error(dcr);
334 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
338 POOL_MEM archive_name(PM_FNAME);
339 /* Delete spool file */
340 make_spooled_dvd_filename(dev, archive_name);
341 unlink(archive_name.c_str());
342 Dmsg1(29, "unlink(%s)\n", archive_name.c_str());
343 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
346 /* growisofs umounted the device, so remount it (it will update the free space) */
347 dev->clear_mounted();
349 Jmsg(dcr->jcr, M_INFO, 0, _("Remaining free space %s on %s\n"),
350 edit_uint64_with_commas(dev->free_space, ed1), dev->print_name());
351 sm_check(__FILE__, __LINE__, false);
355 /* Open the next part file.
357 * - Increment part number
358 * - Reopen the device
360 int dvd_open_next_part(DCR *dcr)
362 DEVICE *dev = dcr->dev;
364 Dmsg6(29, "Enter: ==== open_next_part part=%d npart=%d dev=%s vol=%s mode=%d file_addr=%d\n",
365 dev->part, dev->num_parts, dev->print_name(),
366 dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName, dev->openmode, dev->file_addr);
367 if (!dev->is_dvd()) {
368 Dmsg1(000, "Device %s is not dvd!!!!\n", dev->print_name());
372 /* When appending, do not open a new part if the current is empty */
373 if (dev->can_append() && (dev->part >= dev->num_parts) &&
374 (dev->part_size == 0)) {
375 Dmsg0(29, "open_next_part exited immediately (dev->part_size == 0).\n");
387 * If we have a part open for write, then write it to
388 * DVD before opening the next part.
390 if (dev->is_dvd() && (dev->part >= dev->num_parts) && dev->can_append()) {
391 if (!dvd_write_part(dcr)) {
396 if (dev->part > dev->num_parts) {
397 Dmsg2(000, "In open_next_part: part=%d nump=%d\n", dev->part, dev->num_parts);
398 ASSERT(dev->part <= dev->num_parts);
400 dev->part_start += dev->part_size;
403 Dmsg2(29, "part=%d num_parts=%d\n", dev->part, dev->num_parts);
404 /* I think this dev->can_append() should not be there */
405 if ((dev->num_parts < dev->part) && dev->can_append()) {
406 POOL_MEM archive_name(PM_FNAME);
409 * First check what is on DVD. If our part is there, we
410 * are in trouble, so bail out.
411 * NB: This is however not a problem if we are writing the first part.
412 * It simply means that we are overriding an existing volume...
414 if (dev->num_parts > 0) {
415 make_mounted_dvd_filename(dev, archive_name); /* makes dvd name */
416 if (stat(archive_name.c_str(), &buf) == 0) {
417 /* bad news bail out */
418 Mmsg1(&dev->errmsg, _("Next Volume part already exists on DVD. Cannot continue: %s\n"),
419 archive_name.c_str());
424 Dmsg2(100, "Set npart=%d to part=%d\n", dev->num_parts, dev->part);
425 dev->num_parts = dev->part;
426 dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatParts = dev->part;
427 make_spooled_dvd_filename(dev, archive_name); /* makes spool name */
429 /* Check if the next part exists in spool directory . */
430 if ((stat(archive_name.c_str(), &buf) == 0) || (errno != ENOENT)) {
431 Dmsg1(29, "open_next_part %s is in the way, moving it away...\n", archive_name.c_str());
432 /* Then try to unlink it */
433 if (unlink(archive_name.c_str()) < 0) {
435 dev->dev_errno = errno;
436 Mmsg2(dev->errmsg, _("open_next_part can't unlink existing part %s, ERR=%s\n"),
437 archive_name.c_str(), be.strerror());
442 if (dev->num_parts < dev->part) {
443 Dmsg2(100, "Set npart=%d to part=%d\n", dev->num_parts, dev->part);
444 dev->num_parts = dev->part;
445 dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatParts = dev->part;
447 Dmsg2(50, "Call dev->open(vol=%s, mode=%d\n", dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName,
451 int append = dev->can_append();
452 if (dev->open(dcr, dev->openmode) < 0) {
455 dev->set_labeled(); /* all next parts are "labeled" */
456 if (append && (dev->part == dev->num_parts)) { /* If needed, set the append flag back */
463 /* Open the first part file.
465 * - Reopen the device
467 int dvd_open_first_part(DCR *dcr, int mode)
469 DEVICE *dev = dcr->dev;
471 Dmsg4(29, "Enter: ==== open_first_part dev=%s Vol=%s mode=%d num_parts=%d\n", dev->print_name(),
472 dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName, dev->openmode, dev->num_parts);
483 Dmsg2(50, "Call dev->open(vol=%s, mode=%d)\n", dcr->VolCatInfo.VolCatName,
485 if (dev->open(dcr, mode) < 0) {
486 Dmsg0(50, "open dev() failed\n");
489 Dmsg1(50, "Leave open_first_part state=%s\n", dev->is_open()?"open":"not open");
494 /* Protected version of lseek, which opens the right part if necessary */
495 off_t lseek_dev(DEVICE *dev, off_t offset, int whence)
499 char ed1[50], ed2[50];
501 Dmsg3(100, "Enter lseek_dev fd=%d part=%d nparts=%d\n", dev->fd,
502 dev->part, dev->num_parts);
503 if (!dev->is_dvd()) {
504 Dmsg0(100, "Using sys lseek\n");
505 return lseek(dev->fd, offset, whence);
508 dcr = (DCR *)dev->attached_dcrs->first(); /* any dcr will do */
511 Dmsg2(100, "lseek_dev SEEK_SET to %s (part_start=%s)\n",
512 edit_uint64(offset, ed1), edit_uint64(dev->part_start, ed2));
513 if ((uint64_t)offset >= dev->part_start) {
514 if (((uint64_t)offset == dev->part_start) || ((uint64_t)offset < (dev->part_start+dev->part_size))) {
515 /* We are staying in the current part, just seek */
516 if ((pos = lseek(dev->fd, offset-dev->part_start, SEEK_SET)) < 0) {
519 return pos + dev->part_start;
522 /* Load next part, and start again */
523 if (dvd_open_next_part(dcr) < 0) {
524 Dmsg0(100, "lseek_dev failed while trying to open the next part\n");
527 return lseek_dev(dev, offset, SEEK_SET);
531 * pos < dev->part_start :
532 * We need to access a previous part,
533 * so just load the first one, and seek again
534 * until the right one is loaded
536 if (dvd_open_first_part(dcr, dev->openmode) < 0) {
537 Dmsg0(100, "lseek_dev failed while trying to open the first part\n");
540 return lseek_dev(dev, offset, SEEK_SET);
544 Dmsg1(100, "lseek_dev SEEK_CUR to %s\n", edit_uint64(offset, ed1));
545 if ((pos = lseek(dev->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR)) < 0) {
548 pos += dev->part_start;
550 Dmsg1(100, "lseek_dev SEEK_CUR returns %s\n", edit_uint64(pos, ed1));
552 } else { /* Not used in Bacula, but should work */
553 return lseek_dev(dev, pos, SEEK_SET);
557 Dmsg1(100, "lseek_dev SEEK_END to %s\n", edit_uint64(offset, ed1));
559 * Bacula does not use offsets for SEEK_END
560 * Also, Bacula uses seek_end only when it wants to
561 * append to the volume, so for a dvd that means
562 * that the volume must be spooled since the DVD
563 * itself is read-only (as currently implemented).
565 if (offset > 0) { /* Not used by bacula */
566 Dmsg1(100, "lseek_dev SEEK_END called with an invalid offset %s\n",
567 edit_uint64(offset, ed1));
571 /* If we are already on a spooled part and have the
572 * right part number, simply seek
574 if (dev->is_part_spooled() && dev->part == dev->num_parts) {
575 if ((pos = lseek(dev->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_END)) < 0) {
578 Dmsg1(100, "lseek_dev SEEK_END returns %s\n",
579 edit_uint64(pos + dev->part_start, ed1));
580 return pos + dev->part_start;
584 * Load the first part, then load the next until we reach the last one.
585 * This is the only way to be sure we compute the right file address.
587 * Save previous openmode, and open all but last part read-only
590 int modesave = dev->openmode;
591 /* Works because num_parts > 0. */
592 if (dvd_open_first_part(dcr, OPEN_READ_ONLY) < 0) {
593 Dmsg0(100, "lseek_dev failed while trying to open the first part\n");
596 if (dev->num_parts > 0) {
597 while (dev->part < (dev->num_parts-1)) {
598 if (dvd_open_next_part(dcr) < 0) {
599 Dmsg0(100, "lseek_dev failed while trying to open the next part\n");
603 dev->openmode = modesave;
604 if (dvd_open_next_part(dcr) < 0) {
605 Dmsg0(100, "lseek_dev failed while trying to open the next part\n");
609 return lseek_dev(dev, 0, SEEK_END);
618 bool dvd_close_job(DCR *dcr)
620 DEVICE *dev = dcr->dev;
624 /* If the device is a dvd and WritePartAfterJob
625 * is set to yes, open the next part, so, in case of a device
626 * that requires mount, it will be written to the device.
628 if (dev->is_dvd() && jcr->write_part_after_job && (dev->part_size > 0)) {
629 Dmsg1(100, "Writing last part=%d write_partafter_job is set.\n",
631 if (dev->part < dev->num_parts) {
632 Jmsg3(jcr, M_FATAL, 0, _("Error while writing, current part number is less than the total number of parts (%d/%d, device=%s)\n"),
633 dev->part, dev->num_parts, dev->print_name());
634 dev->dev_errno = EIO;
638 /* This should be !dvd_write_part(dcr)
639 NB: No! If you call dvd_write_part, the part number is not updated.
640 You must open the next part, it will automatically write the part and
641 update the part number. */
642 if (ok && (dvd_open_next_part(dcr) < 0)) {
643 Jmsg2(jcr, M_FATAL, 0, _("Unable to write part %s: ERR=%s\n"),
644 dev->print_name(), strerror_dev(dev));
645 dev->dev_errno = EIO;
649 Dmsg1(200, "Set VolCatParts=%d\n", dev->num_parts);
650 dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatParts = dev->num_parts;
654 bool truncate_dvd_dev(DCR *dcr) {
655 DEVICE* dev = dcr->dev;
657 /* Set num_parts to zero (on disk) */
659 dcr->VolCatInfo.VolCatParts = 0;
660 dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatParts = 0;
662 Dmsg0(100, "truncate_dvd_dev: Opening first part (1)...\n");
664 dev->truncating = true;
665 if (dvd_open_first_part(dcr, OPEN_READ_WRITE) < 0) {
666 Dmsg0(100, "truncate_dvd_dev: Error while opening first part (1).\n");
667 dev->truncating = false;
670 dev->truncating = false;
672 Dmsg0(100, "truncate_dvd_dev: Truncating...\n");
674 /* If necessary, truncate it. */
675 if (ftruncate(dev->fd, 0) != 0) {
677 Mmsg2(dev->errmsg, _("Unable to truncate device %s. ERR=%s\n"),
678 dev->print_name(), be.strerror());
686 Dmsg0(100, "truncate_dvd_dev: Opening first part (2)...\n");
688 if (!dvd_write_part(dcr)) {
689 Dmsg0(100, "truncate_dvd_dev: Error while writing to DVD.\n");
693 if (dvd_open_first_part(dcr, OPEN_READ_WRITE) < 0) {
694 Dmsg0(100, "truncate_dvd_dev: Error while opening first part (2).\n");
701 /* Checks if we can write on a non-blank DVD: meaning that it just have been
702 * truncated (there is only one zero-sized file on the DVD, with the right
704 bool check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd(DCR *dcr) {
705 DEVICE* dev = dcr->dev;
707 struct dirent *entry, *result;
710 int matched = 0; /* We found an empty file with the right name. */
711 struct stat filestat;
713 name_max = pathconf(".", _PC_NAME_MAX);
714 if (name_max < 1024) {
718 if (!(dp = opendir(dev->device->mount_point))) {
720 dev->dev_errno = errno;
721 Dmsg3(29, "check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd: failed to open dir %s (dev=%s), ERR=%s\n",
722 dev->device->mount_point, dev->print_name(), be.strerror());
726 entry = (struct dirent *)malloc(sizeof(struct dirent) + name_max + 1000);
728 if ((readdir_r(dp, entry, &result) != 0) || (result == NULL)) {
729 dev->dev_errno = EIO;
730 Dmsg2(129, "check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd: failed to find suitable file in dir %s (dev=%s)\n",
731 dev->device->mount_point, dev->print_name());
735 Dmsg2(99, "check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd: found %s (versus %s)\n",
736 result->d_name, dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName);
737 if (strcmp(result->d_name, dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName) == 0) {
738 /* Found the file, checking it is empty */
739 POOL_MEM filename(PM_FNAME);
740 pm_strcpy(filename, dev->device->mount_point);
741 if (filename.c_str()[strlen(filename.c_str())-1] != '/') {
742 pm_strcat(filename, "/");
744 pm_strcat(filename, dev->VolCatInfo.VolCatName);
745 if (stat(filename.c_str(), &filestat) < 0) {
747 dev->dev_errno = errno;
748 Dmsg2(29, "check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd: cannot stat file (file=%s), ERR=%s\n",
749 filename.c_str(), be.strerror());
752 Dmsg2(99, "check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd: size of %s is %d\n",
753 filename.c_str(), filestat.st_size);
754 matched = (filestat.st_size == 0);
762 Dmsg2(29, "check_can_write_on_non_blank_dvd: got %d files in the mount point (matched=%d)\n", count, matched);
765 /* There is more than 3 files (., .., and the volume file) */
773 * Edit codes into (Un)MountCommand, Write(First)PartCommand
775 * %a = archive device name
776 * %e = erase (set if cannot mount and first part)
779 * %v = last part name
781 * omsg = edited output message
782 * imsg = input string containing edit codes (%x)
785 static void edit_device_codes_dev(DEVICE* dev, POOL_MEM &omsg, const char *imsg)
791 POOL_MEM archive_name(PM_FNAME);
794 Dmsg1(800, "edit_device_codes: %s\n", imsg);
795 for (p=imsg; *p; p++) {
805 if (dev->num_parts == 0) {
812 bsnprintf(add, sizeof(add), "%d", dev->part);
816 str = dev->device->mount_point;
819 make_spooled_dvd_filename(dev, archive_name);
820 str = archive_name.c_str();
834 Dmsg1(1900, "add_str %s\n", str);
835 pm_strcat(omsg, (char *)str);
836 Dmsg1(1800, "omsg=%s\n", omsg.c_str());