ebl Document MaxConsoleConnections

[bacula/docs] / docs / manuals / en / concepts / newfeatures.tex

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\chapter{New Features}
\label{NewFeaturesChapter}
\index[general]{New Features}

This chapter presents the new features added to the development 2.5.x
versions to be released as Bacula version 3.0.0 near the end of 2008.

\section{Accurate Backup}
\index[general]{Accurate Backup}

As with most other backup programs, by default Bacula decides what files to backup for
Incremental and Differental backup by comparing the change (st\_ctime) and
modification (st\_mtime) times of the file to the time the last backup
completed.  If one of those two times is later than the last backup time,
then the file will be backed up.  This does not, however, permit tracking what
files have been deleted and will miss any file with an old time that may have
been restored to or moved onto the client filesystem.

\subsection{Accurate = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
If the {\bf Accurate = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}} directive is enabled (default no) in
the Job resource, the job will be run as an Accurate Job. For a {\bf Full}
backup, there is no difference, but for {\bf Differential} and {\bf
  Incremental} backups, the Director will send a list of all previous files
backed up, and the File daemon will use that list to determine if any new files
have been added or or moved and if any files have been deleted. This allows
Bacula to make an accurate backup of your system to that point in time so that
if you do a restore, it will restore your system exactly.  One note of caution
about using Accurate backup is that it requires more resources (CPU and memory)
on both the Director and the Client machines to create the list of previous
files backed up, to send that list to the File daemon, for the File daemon to
keep the list (possibly very big) in memory, and for the File daemon to do
comparisons between every file in the FileSet and the list.


\section{Copy Jobs}
\index[general]{Copy Jobs}
A new {\bf Copy} job type has been implemented. It is essentially
identical to the existing Migration feature with the exception that
the Job that is copied is left unchanged.  This essentially creates
two identical copies of the same backup.  The Copy Job runs without
using the File daemon by copying the data from the old backup Volume to
a different Volume in a different Pool. See the Migration documentation
for additional details. For copy Jobs there is a new selection criterium
named PoolUncopiedJobs which copies all jobs from a pool to an other
pool which were not copied before. Next to that the client, volume, job
or sql query are possible ways of selecting jobs which should be copied.
Selection types like smallestvolume, oldestvolume, pooloccupancy and
pooltime are probably more suited for migration jobs only. But we could
imagine some people have a valid use for those kind of copy jobs too.

A nice solution which can be build with the new copy jobs is what is
called the disk-to-disk-to-tape backup (DTDTT). A sample config could
look somethings like the one below:

\begin{verbatim}
Pool {
  Name = FullBackupsVirtualPool
  Pool Type = Backup
  Purge Oldest Volume = Yes
  Storage = vtl
  NextPool = FullBackupsTapePool
}

Pool {
  Name = FullBackupsTapePool
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = Yes
  AutoPrune = Yes
  Volume Retention = 365 days
  Storage = superloader
}

#
# Fake fileset for copy jobs
#
Fileset {
  Name = None
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5
    }
  }
}

#
# Fake client for copy jobs
#
Client {
  Name = None
  Address = localhost
  Password = "NoNe"
  Catalog = MyCatalog
}

#
# Default template for a CopyDiskToTape Job
#
JobDefs {
  Name = CopyDiskToTape
  Type = Copy
  Messages = StandardCopy
  Client = None
  FileSet = None
  Selection Type = PoolUncopiedJobs
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 10
  SpoolData = No
  Allow Duplicate Jobs = Yes
  Allow Higher Duplicates = No
  Cancel Queued Duplicates = No
  Cancel Running Duplicates = No
  Priority = 13
}

Schedule {
   Name = DaySchedule7:00
   Run = Level=Full daily at 7:00
}

Job {
  Name = CopyDiskToTapeFullBackups
  Enabled = Yes
  Schedule = DaySchedule7:00
  Pool = FullBackupsVirtualPool
  JobDefs = CopyDiskToTape
}
\end{verbatim}

The example above had 2 pool which are copied using the PoolUncopiedJobs selection
criteria. Normal Full backups go to the Virtual pool and are copied to the Tape pool
the next morning.

\section{ACL Updates}
The whole ACL code had been overhauled and in this version each platforms has different
streams for each type of acl available on such an platform. As acls between platforms
tend to be not that portable (most implement POSIX acls but some use an other draft or
a completely different format) we currently only allow certain platform specific ACL
streams to be decoded and restored on the same platform that they were created on.
The old code allowed to restore ACL cross platform but the comments already mention
that not being to wise. For backward compatability the new code will accept the 2 old
ACL streams and handle those with the platform specific handler. But for all new backups
it will save the ACLs using the new streams.

Currently the following platforms support ACLs:

\begin{itemize}
 \item {\bf AIX}
 \item {\bf Darwin/OSX}
 \item {\bf FreeBSD}
 \item {\bf HPUX}
 \item {\bf IRIX}
 \item {\bf Linux}
 \item {\bf Tru64}
 \item {\bf Solaris}
\end{itemize}

Currently we support the following ACL types (these ACL streams use a reserved part
of the stream numbers):

\begin{itemize}
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_AIX\_TEXT} 1000 AIX specific string representation from acl\_get
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_DARWIN\_ACCESS\_ACL\_T} 1001 Darwin (OSX) specific acl\_t string
    representation from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl)
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_FREEBSD\_DEFAULT\_ACL\_T} 1002 FreeBSD specific acl\_t
    string representation from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for default acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_FREEBSD\_ACCESS\_ACL\_T} 1003 FreeBSD specific acl\_t
    string representation from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for access acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_HPUX\_ACL\_ENTRY} 1004 HPUX specific acl\_entry string representation
    from acltostr (POSIX acl)
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_IRIX\_DEFAULT\_ACL\_T} 1005 IRIX specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for default acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_IRIX\_ACCESS\_ACL\_T} 1006 IRIX specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for access acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_LINUX\_DEFAULT\_ACL\_T} 1007 Linux specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for default acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_LINUX\_ACCESS\_ACL\_T} 1008 Linux specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for access acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_TRU64\_DEFAULT\_ACL\_T} 1009 Tru64 specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for default acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_TRU64\_DEFAULT\_DIR\_ACL\_T} 1010 Tru64 specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for default acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_TRU64\_ACCESS\_ACL\_T} 1011 Tru64 specific acl\_t string representation
    from acl\_to\_text (POSIX acl) for access acls.
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_SOLARIS\_ACLENT\_T} 1012 Solaris specific aclent\_t string representation
    from acltotext or acl\_totext (POSIX acl)
 \item {\bf STREAM\_ACL\_SOLARIS\_ACE\_T} 1013 Solaris specific ace\_t string representation from
    from acl\_totext (NFSv4 or ZFS acl)
\end{itemize}

In future versions we might support conversion functions from one type of acl into an other
for types that are either the same or easily convertable. For now the streams are seperate
and restoring them on a platform that doesn't recognize them will give you a warning.

\section{Extended Attributes}
Something that was on the project list for some time is now implemented for platforms
that support a similar kind of interface. Its the support for backup and restore of
so called extended attributes. As extended attributes are so platform specific these
attributes are saved in seperate streams for each platform. Restores can only be performed
on the same platform the backup was done. There is support for all types of extended
attributes, but restoring from one type of filesystem onto an other type of filesystem
on the same platform may lead to supprises. As extended attributes can contain any
type of data they are stored as a series of so called value-pairs. This data must be
seen as mostly binary and is stored as such. As security labels from selinux are
also extended attributes this option also stores those labels and no specific
code is enabled for handling selinux security labels.

Currently the following platforms support extended attributes:
\begin{itemize}
 \item {\bf Darwin/OSX}
 \item {\bf FreeBSD}
 \item {\bf Linux}
 \item {\bf NetBSD}
\end{itemize}

On linux acls are also extended attributes, as such when you enable ACLs on a Linux
platform it will NOT save the same data twice e.g. it will save the ACLs and not
the same exteneded attribute.

To enable the backup of extended attributes please add the following to your fileset
definition.
\begin{verbatim}
  FileSet {
    Name = "MyFileSet"
    Include {
      Options {
        signature = MD5
        xattrsupport = yes
      }
      File = ...
    }
  }
\end{verbatim}

\section{Shared objects}
A default build of Bacula will now create the libraries as shared objects
(.so) rather than static libraries as was previously the case.  
The shared libraries are built using {\bf libtool} so it should be quite
portable.

An important advantage of using shared objects is that on a machine with the
Directory, File daemon, the Storage daemon, and a console, you will have only one copy
of the code in memory rather than four copies.  Also the total size of the
binary release is smaller since the library code appears only once rather than
once for every program that uses it; this results in significant reduction in
the size of the binaries particularly for the utility tools.
 
In order for the system loader to find the shared objects when loading
the Bacula binaries, the Bacula shared objects must either be in a shared object
directory known to the loader (typically /usr/lib) or they must be in the directory
that may be specified on the {\bf ./configure} line using the
{\bf {-}{-}libdir} option as:

\begin{verbatim}
  ./configure --libdir=/full-path/dir
\end{verbatim}

the default is /usr/lib. If {-}{-}libdir is specified, there should be
no need to modify your loader configuration provided that
the shared objects are installed in that directory (Bacula
does this with the make install command). The shared objects
that Bacula references are:

\begin{verbatim}
libbaccfg.so
libbacfind.so
libbacpy.so
libbac.so
\end{verbatim}

These files are symbolically linked to the real shared object file,
which has a version number to permit running multiple versions of
the libraries if desired (not normally the case).

If you have problems with libtool or you wish to use the old
way of building static libraries, you can do so by disabling
libtool on the configure command line with:

\begin{verbatim}
  ./configure --disable-libtool
\end{verbatim}


\section{Virtual Backup (Vbackup)}
\index[general]{Virtual Backup}
\index[general]{Vbackup}

Bacula's virtual backup feature is often called Synthetic Backup or
Consolidation in other backup products.  It permits you to consolidate
the previous Full backup plus the most recent Differential backup and any
subsequent Incremental backups into a new Full backup. This is accomplished
without contacting the client by reading the previous backup data and 
writing it to a volume in a different pool.  

In some respects the Vbackup feature works similar to a Migration job, in
that Bacula normally reads the data from the pool specified in the 
Job resource, and writes it to the {\bf Next Pool} specified in the 
Job resource.  The input Storage resource and the Output Storage resource
must be different.

The Vbackup is enabled on a Job by Job in the Job resource by specifying
a level of {\bf VirtualFull}.

A typical Job resource definition might look like the following:

\begin{verbatim}
Job {
  Name = "MyBackup"
  Type = Backup
  Client=localhost-fd
  FileSet = "Full Set"
  Storage = File
  Messages = Standard
  Pool = Default
  SpoolData = yes
}

# Default pool definition
Pool {
  Name = Default
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = yes            # Automatically recycle Volumes
  AutoPrune = yes          # Prune expired volumes
  Volume Retention = 365d  # one year
  NextPool = Full
  Storage = File
}

Pool {
  Name = Full
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = yes            # Automatically recycle Volumes
  AutoPrune = yes          # Prune expired volumes
  Volume Retention = 365d  # one year
  Storage = DiskChanger
}

# Definition of file storage device
Storage {
  Name = File
  Address = localhost
  Password = "xxx"
  Device = FileStorage
  Media Type = File
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 5
}

# Definition of DDS Virtual tape disk storage device
Storage {
  Name = DiskChanger
  Address = localhost  # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here
  Password = "yyy"
  Device = DiskChanger
  Media Type = DiskChangerMedia
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 4
  Autochanger = yes
}
\end{verbatim}

Then in bconsole or via a Run schedule, you would run the job as:

\begin{verbatim}
run job=MyBackup level=Full
run job=MyBackup level=Incremental
run job=MyBackup level=Differential
run job=MyBackup level=Incremental
run job=MyBackup level=Incremental
\end{verbatim}

So providing there were changes between each of those jobs, you would end up
with a Full backup, a Differential, which includes the first Incremental
backup, then two Incremental backups.  All the above jobs would be written to
the {\bf Default} pool.

To consolidate those backups into a new Full backup, you would run the
following:

\begin{verbatim}
run job=MyBackup level=VirtualFull
\end{verbatim}

And it would produce a new Full backup without using the client, and the output
would be written to the {\bf Full} Pool which uses the Diskchanger Storage.

If the Virtual Full is run, and there are no prior Jobs, the Virtual Full will
fail with an error.

\section{Duplicate Job Control}
\index[general]{Duplicate Jobs}
The new version of Bacula provides four new directives that
give additional control over what Bacula does if duplicate jobs 
are started.  A duplicate job in the sense we use it here means
a second or subsequent job with the same name starts.  This
happens most frequently when the first job runs longer than expected because no 
tapes are available.

The four directives each take as an argument a {\bf yes} or {\bf no} value and
are specified in the Job resource.

They are:

\subsection{Allow Duplicate Jobs = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
  If this directive is enabled duplicate jobs will be run.  If
  the directive is set to {\bf no} (default) then only one job of a given name
  may run at one time, and the action that Bacula takes to ensure only
  one job runs is determined by the other directives (see below).

\subsection{Allow Higher Duplicates = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
  If this directive is set to {\bf yes} (default) the job with a higher
  priority (lower priority number) will be permitted to run.  If the
  priorities of the two jobs are the same, the outcome is determined by
  other directives (see below).

\subsection{Cancel Queued Duplicates = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
  If this directive is set to {\bf yes} (default) any job that is
  already queued to run but not yet running will be canceled.

\subsection{Cancel Running Duplicates = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
  If this directive is set to {\bf yes} any job that is already running
  will be canceled.  The default is {\bf no}.


\section{TLS Authentication}
\index[general]{TLS Authentication}
In Bacula version 2.5.x and later, in addition to the normal Bacula
CRAM-MD5 authentication that is used to authenticate each Bacula
connection, you can specify that you want TLS Authentication as well,
which will provide more secure authentication.

This new feature uses Bacula's existing TLS code (normally used for
communications encryption) to do authentication.  To use it, you must
specify all the TLS directives normally used to enable communications
encryption (TLS Enable, TLS Verify Peer, TLS Certificate, ...) and
a new directive:

\subsection{TLS Authenticate = yes}
\begin{verbatim}
TLS Authenticate = yes
\end{verbatim}

in the main daemon configuration resource (Director for the Director,
Client for the File daemon, and Storage for the Storage daemon).

When {\bf TLS Authenticate} is enabled, after doing the CRAM-MD5
authentication, Bacula will do the normal TLS authentication, then TLS 
encryption will be turned off.

If you want to encrypt communications data, do not turn on {\bf TLS
Authenticate}.

\section{bextract non-portable Win32 data}
\index[general]{bextract handles Win32 non-portable data}
{\bf bextract} has been enhanced to be able to restore
non-portable Win32 data to any OS.  Previous versions were 
unable to restore non-portable Win32 data to machines that
did not have the Win32 BackupRead and BackupWrite API calls.

\section{State File updated at Job Termination}
\index[general]{State File}
In previous versions of Bacula, the state file, which provides a
summary of previous jobs run in the {\bf status} command output was
updated only when Bacula terminated, thus if the daemon crashed, the
state file might not contain all the run data.  This version of
the Bacula daemons updates the state file on each job termination.

\section{MaxFullInterval = \lt{}time-interval\gt{}}
\index[general]{MaxFullInterval}
The new Job resource directive {\bf Max Full Interval = \lt{}time-interval\gt{}}
can be used to specify the maximum time interval between {\bf Full} backup
jobs. When a job starts, if the time since the last Full backup is
greater than the specified interval, and the job would normally be an
{\bf Incremental} or {\bf Differential}, it will be automatically
upgraded to a {\bf Full} backup.

\section{MaxDiffInterval = \lt{}time-interval\gt{}}
\index[general]{MaxDiffInterval}
The new Job resource directive {\bf Max Diff Interval = \lt{}time-interval\gt{}}
can be used to specify the maximum time interval between {\bf Differential} backup
jobs. When a job starts, if the time since the last Differential backup is
greater than the specified interval, and the job would normally be an
{\bf Incremental}, it will be automatically
upgraded to a {\bf Differential} backup.

\section{Honor No Dump Flag = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
\index[general]{MaxDiffInterval}
On FreeBSD systems, each file has a {\bf no dump flag} that can be set
by the user, and when it is set it is an indication to backup programs
to not backup that particular file.  This version of Bacula contains a
new Options directive within a FileSet resource, which instructs Bacula to
obey this flag.  The new directive is:

\begin{verbatim}
  Honor No Dump Flag = yes|no
\end{verbatim}

The default value is {\bf no}.


\section{Exclude Dirs Containing = \lt{}filename-string\gt{}}
\index[general]{IgnoreDir}
The {\bf ExcludeDirsContaining = \lt{}filename\gt{}} is a new directive that can be added to the Include
section of the FileSet resource.  If the specified
filename is found on the Client in any directory to be backed up, 
the whole directory will be ignored (not backed up).
For example:

\begin{verbatim}
  # List of files to be backed up
  FileSet {
    Name = "MyFileSet"
    Include {
      Options {
        signature = MD5
      }
      File = /home
      Exclude Dirs Containing = .excludeme
    }
  }
\end{verbatim}

But in /home, there may be hundreds of directories of users and some
people want to indicate that they don't want to have certain
directories backed up. For example, with the above FileSet, if
the user or sysadmin creates a file named {\bf .excludeme} in 
specific directories, such as

\begin{verbatim}
   /home/user/www/cache/.excludeme
   /home/user/temp/.excludeme
\end{verbatim}

then Bacula will not backup the two directories named:

\begin{verbatim}
   /home/user/www/cache
   /home/user/temp
\end{verbatim}

NOTE: subdirectories will not be backed up.  That is, the directive
applies to the two directories in question and any children (be they
files, directories, etc).



\section{Bacula Plugins}
\index[general]{Plugin}
Support for shared object plugins has been implemented in the Linux
(and Unix) File daemon. The API will be documented separately in
the Developer's Guide or in a new document.  For the moment, there is
a single plugin named {\bf bpipe} that allows an external program to
get control to backup and restore a file.

Plugins are also planned (partially implemented) in the Director and the
Storage daemon.  The code is also implemented to work on Win32 machines, 
but it has not yet been tested.

\subsection{Plugin Directory}
Each daemon (DIR, FD, SD) has a new {\bf Plugin Directory} directive that may
be added to the daemon definition resource. The directory takes a quoted 
string argument, which is the name of the directory in which the daemon can
find the Bacula plugins. If this directive is not specified, Bacula will not
load any plugins. Since each plugin has a distinctive name, all the daemons
can share the same plugin directory. 



\subsection{Plugin Options}
The {\bf Plugin Options} directive takes a quoted string
arguement (after the equal sign) and may be specified in the
Job resource.  The options specified will be passed to the plugin
when it is run.  The value defined in the Job resource can be modified
by the user when he runs a Job via the {\bf bconsole} command line 
prompts.

Note: this directive may be specified, but it is not yet passed to
the plugin (i.e. not fully implemented).

\subsection{Plugin Options ACL}
The {\bf Plugin Options ACL} directive may be specified in the
Director's Console resource. It functions as all the other ACL commands
do by permitting users running restricted consoles to specify a 
{\bf Plugin Options} that overrides the one specified in the Job
definition. Without this directive restricted consoles may not modify
the Plugin Options.

\subsection{Plugin = \lt{}plugin-command-string\gt{}}
The {\bf Plugin} directive is specified in the Include section of
a FileSet resource where you put your {\bf File = xxx} directives.
For example:

\begin{verbatim}
  FileSet {
    Name = "MyFileSet"
    Include {
      Options {
        signature = MD5
      }
      File = /home
      Plugin = "bpipe:..."
    }
  }
\end{verbatim}

In the above example, when the File daemon is processing the directives
in the Include section, it will first backup all the files in {\bf /home}
then it will load the plugin named {\bf bpipe} (actually bpipe-dir.so) from
the Plugin Directory.  The syntax and semantics of the Plugin directive
require the first part of the string up to the colon (:) to be the name
of the plugin. Everything after the first colon is ignored by the File daemon but
is passed to the plugin. Thus the plugin writer may define the meaning of the
rest of the string as he wishes.

Please see the next section for information about the {\bf bpipe} Bacula
plugin.

\section{The bpipe Plugin}
The {\bf bpipe} plugin is provided in the directory src/plugins/fd/bpipe-fd.c of
the Bacula source distribution. When the plugin is compiled and linking into
the resulting dynamic shared object (DSO), it will have the name {\bf bpipe-fd.so}.

The purpose of the plugin is to provide an interface to any system program for
backup and restore. As specified above the {\bf bpipe} plugin is specified in
the Include section of your Job's FileSet resource.  The full syntax of the
plugin directive as interpreted by the {\bf bpipe} plugin (each plugin is free
to specify the sytax as it wishes) is:

\begin{verbatim}
  Plugin = "<field1>:<field2>:<field3>:<field4>"
\end{verbatim}

where
\begin{description}
\item {\bf field1} is the name of the plugin with the trailing {\bf -fd.so}
stripped off, so in this case, we would put {\bf bpipe} in this field.

\item {\bf field2} specifies the namespace, which for {\bf bpipe} is the
pseudo path and filename under which the backup will be saved. This pseudo
path and filename will be seen by the user in the restore file tree.
For example, if the value is {\bf /MYSQL/regress.sql}, the data
backed up by the plugin will be put under that "pseudo" path and filename.
You must be careful to choose a naming convention that is unique to avoid
a conflict with a path and filename that actually exists on your system.

\item {\bf field3} for the {\bf bpipe} plugin 
specifies the "reader" program that is called by the plugin during
backup to read the data. {\bf bpipe} will call this program by doing a
{\bf popen} on it.

\item {\bf field4} for the {\bf bpipe} plugin
specifies the "writer" program that is called by the plugin during
restore to write the data back to the filesystem.  
\end{description}

Putting it all together, the full plugin directive line might look
like the following:

\begin{verbatim}
Plugin = "bpipe:/MYSQL/regress.sql:mysqldump -f 
          --opt --databases bacula:mysql"
\end{verbatim}

The directive has been split into two lines, but within the {\bf bacula-dir.conf} file
would be written on a single line.

This causes the File daemon to call the {\bf bpipe} plugin, which will write
its data into the "pseudo" file {\bf /MYSQL/regress.sql} by calling the 
program {\bf mysqldump -f --opt --database bacula} to read the data during
backup. The mysqldump command outputs all the data for the database named
{\bf bacula}, which will be read by the plugin and stored in the backup.
During restore, the data that was backed up will be sent to the program
specified in the last field, which in this case is {\bf mysql}.  When
{\bf mysql} is called, it will read the data sent to it by the plugn
then write it back to the same database from which it came ({\bf bacula}
in this case).

The {\bf bpipe} plugin is a generic pipe program, that simply transmits 
the data from a specified program to Bacula for backup, and then from Bacula to 
a specified program for restore.

By using different command lines to {\bf bpipe},
you can backup any kind of data (ASCII or binary) depending
on the program called.

\section{Microsoft Exchange Server 2003/2007 Plugin}

\subsection{Concepts}

Although it is possible to backup Exchange using Bacula VSS the Exchange 
plugin adds a good deal of functionality, because while Bacula VSS
completes a full backup (snapshot) of Exchange, it does
not support Incremental or Differential backups, restoring is more
complicated, and a single database restore is not possible.

Microsoft Exchange organises its storage into Storage Groups with
Databases inside them. A default installation of Exchange will have a
single Storage Group called 'First Storage Group', with two Databases
inside it, "Mailbox Store (SERVER NAME)" and 
"Public Folder Store (SERVER NAME)", 
which hold user email and public folders respectively.

In the default configuration, Exchange logs everything that happens to
log files, such that if you have a backup, and all the log files since,
you can restore to the present time. Each Storage Group has its own set
of log files and operates independently of any other Storage Groups. At
the Storage Group level, the logging can be turned off by enabling a
function called "Enable circular logging". At this time the Exchange
plugin will not function if this option is enabled.

The plugin allows backing up of entire storage groups, and the restoring
of entire storage groups or individual databases. Backing up and
restoring at the individual mailbox or email item is not supported but
can be simulated by use of the "Recovery" Storage Group (see below).

\subsection{Installing}

The Exchange plugin requires a DLL that is shipped with Microsoft
Exchanger Server called {\bf esebcli2.dll}. Assuming Exchange is installed
correctly the Exchange plugin should find this automatically and run
without any additional installation.

If the DLL can not be found automatically it will need to be copied into
the Bacula installation
directory (eg C:\verb+\+Program Files\verb+\+Bacula\verb+\+bin). The Exchange API DLL is
named esebcli2.dll and is found in C:\verb+\+Program Files\verb+\+Exchsrvr\verb+\+bin on a
default Exchange installation.

\subsection{Backup up}

To back up an Exchange server the Fileset definition must contain at
least {\bf Plugin = "exchange:/@EXCHANGE/Microsoft Information Store"} for
the backup to work correctly. The 'exchange:' bit tells Bacula to look
for the exchange plugin, the '@EXCHANGE' bit makes sure all the backed
up files are prefixed with something that isn't going to share a name
with something outside the plugin, and the 'Microsoft Information Store'
bit is required also. It is also possible to add the name of a storage
group to the "Plugin =" line, eg \\
{\bf Plugin = "exchange:/@EXCHANGE/Microsoft Information Store/First Storage Group"} \\
if you want only a single storage group backed up.

Additionally, you can suffix the 'Plugin =' directive with
":notrunconfull" which will tell the plugin not to truncate the Exchange
database at the end of a full backup.

An Incremental or Differential backup will backup only the database logs
for each Storage Group by inspecting the "modified date" on each
physical log file. Because of the way the Exchange API works, the last
logfile backed up on each backup will always be backed up by the next
Incremental or Differential backup too. This adds 5MB to each
Incremental or Differential backup size but otherwise does not cause any
problems.

By default, a normal VSS fileset containing all the drive letters will
also back up the Exchange databases using VSS. This will interfere with
the plugin and Exchange's shared ideas of when the last full backup was
done, and may also truncate log files incorrectly. It is important,
therefore, that the Exchange database files be excluded from the backup,
although the folders the files are in should be included, or they will
have to be recreated manually if a baremetal restore is done.

\begin{verbatim}
FileSet {
   Include {
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata
      Plugin = "exchange:..."
   }
   Exclude {
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/E00.chk
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/E00.log
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/E000000F.log
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/E0000010.log
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/E0000011.log
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/E00tmp.log
      File = C:/Program Files/Exchsrvr/mdbdata/priv1.edb
   }
}
\end{verbatim}

The advantage of excluding the above files is that you can significantly
reduce the size of your backup since all the important Exchange files
will be properly saved by the Plugin.


\subsection{Restoring}

The restore operation is much the same as a normal Bacula restore, with
the following provisos:

\begin{itemize}
\item  The {\bf Where} restore option must not be specified
\item Each Database directory must be marked as a whole. You cannot just
     select (say) the .edb file and not the others.
\item If a Storage Group is restored, the directory of the Storage Group
     must be marked too.
\item  It is possible to restore only a subset of the available log files,
     but they {\bf must} be contiguous. Exchange will fail to restore correctly
     if a log file is missing from the sequence of log files
\item Each database to be restored must be dismounted and marked as "Can be
    overwritten by restore"
\item If an entire Storage Group is to be restored (eg all databases and
   logs in the Storage Group), then it is best to manually delete the
   database files from the server (eg C:\verb+\+Program Files\verb+\+Exchsrvr\verb+\+mdbdata\verb+\+*)
   as Exchange can get confused by stray log files lying around.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Restoring to the Recovery Storage Group}

The concept of the Recovery Storage Group is well documented by
Microsoft 
\elink{http://support.microsoft.com/kb/824126}{http://support.microsoft.com/kb/824126}, 
but to briefly summarize...

Microsoft Exchange allows the creation of an additional Storage Group
called the Recovery Storage Group, which is used to restore an older
copy of a database (e.g. before a mailbox was deleted) into without
messing with the current live data. This is required as the Standard and
Small Business Server versions of Exchange can not ordinarily have more
than one Storage Group.

To create the Recovery Storage Group, drill down to the Server in
Exchange System Manager, right click, and select 
{\bf "New -> Recovery Storage Group..."}. Accept or change the file locations and click OK. On
the Recovery Storage Group, right click and select 
{\bf "Add Database to Recover..."} and select the database you will be restoring.

In Bacula, select the Database and the log files, making sure to mark
the Storage Group directory itself too. Once you have selected the files
to back up, use the RegexWhere clause to remove the prefix of
"/@EXCHANGE/Microsoft Information Store/\lt{}storage group name\gt{}/" and
replace it with "/@EXCHANGE/Microsoft Information Store/Recovery Storage Group/". 
Then run the restore.

\subsection{Caveats}

This plugin is still being developed, so you should consider it
currently in BETA test, and thus use in a production environment
should be done only after very careful testing.

The "Enable Circular Logging" option cannot be enabled or the plugin
will fail.

Exchange insists that a successful Full backup must have taken place if
an Incremental or Differential backup is desired, and the plugin will
fail if this is not the case. If a restore is done, Exchange will
require that a Full backup be done before an Incremental or Differential
backup is done.

The plugin will most likely not work well if another backup application
(eg NTBACKUP) is backing up the Exchange database, especially if the
other backup application is truncating the log files.

The Exchange plugin has not been tested with the {\bf Accurate} option, so
we recommend either carefully testing or that you avoid this option for
the current time.

The Exchange plugin is not called during processing the bconsole {\bf estimate} command,
and so anything that would be backed up by the plugin will not be added
to the estimate total that is displayed.


\section{libdbi Framework}
As a general guideline, Bacula has support for a few catalog database drivers
(MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite)
coded natively by the Bacula team.  With the libdbi implementation, which is a
Bacula driver that uses libdbi to access the catalog, we have an open field to
use many different kinds database engines following the needs of users.

The according to libdbi (http://libdbi.sourceforge.net/) project: libdbi
implements a database-independent abstraction layer in C, similar to the
DBI/DBD layer in Perl. Writing one generic set of code, programmers can
leverage the power of multiple databases and multiple simultaneous database
connections by using this framework.

Currently the libdbi driver in Bacula project only supports the same drivers
natively coded in Bacula.  However the libdbi project has support for many
others database engines. You can view the list at
http://libdbi-drivers.sourceforge.net/. In the future all those drivers can be
supported by Bacula, however, they must be tested properly by the Bacula team.

Some of benefits of using libdbi are:
\begin{itemize}
\item The possibility to use proprietary databases engines in which your
  proprietary licenses prevent the Bacula team from developing the driver.
 \item The possibility to use the drivers written for the libdbi project.
 \item The possibility to use other database engines without recompiling Bacula
   to use them.  Just change one line in bacula-dir.conf
 \item Abstract Database access, this is, unique point to code and profiling
   catalog database access.
 \end{itemize}
 
 The following drivers have been tested:
 \begin{itemize}
 \item PostgreSQL, with and without batch insert
 \item Mysql, with and without batch insert
 \item SQLite
 \item SQLite3
 \end{itemize}

 In the future, we will test and approve to use others databases engines
 (proprietary or not) like DB2, Oracle, Microsoft SQL.

 To compile Bacula to support libdbi we need to configure the code with the
 --with-dbi and --with-dbi-driver=[database] ./configure options, where
 [database] is the database engine to be used with Bacula (of course we can
 change the driver in file bacula-dir.conf, see below).  We must configure the
 access port of the database engine with the option --with-db-port, because the
 libdbi framework doesn't know the default access port of each database.

The next phase is checking (or configuring) the bacula-dir.conf, example:
\begin{verbatim}
Catalog {
  Name = MyCatalog
  dbdriver = dbi:mysql; dbaddress = 127.0.0.1; dbport = 3306
  dbname = regress; user = regress; password = ""
}
\end{verbatim}

The parameter {\bf dbdriver} indicates that we will use the driver dbi with a
mysql database.  Currently the drivers supported by Bacula are: postgresql,
mysql, sqlite, sqlite3; these are the names that may be added to string "dbi:".

The following limitations apply when Bacula is set to use the libdbi framework:
 - Not tested on the Win32 platform
 - A little performance is lost if comparing with native database driver. 
   The reason is bound with the database driver provided by libdbi and the 
   simple fact that one more layer of code was added.

It is important to remember, when compiling Bacula with libdbi, the
following packages are needed:
 \begin{itemize}
  \item libdbi version 1.0.0, http://libdbi.sourceforge.net/
  \item libdbi-drivers 1.0.0, http://libdbi-drivers.sourceforge.net/
 \end{itemize}
 
 You can download them and compile them on your system or install the packages
 from your OS distribution.


\section{Display Autochanger Content}
\index[general]{StatusSlots}

The {\bf status slots storage=\lt{}storage-name\gt{}} command displays
autochanger content.

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
 Slot |  Volume Name  |  Status  |  Media Type       |   Pool     |
------+---------------+----------+-------------------+------------|
    1 |         00001 |   Append |  DiskChangerMedia |    Default |
    2 |         00002 |   Append |  DiskChangerMedia |    Default |
    3*|         00003 |   Append |  DiskChangerMedia |    Scratch |
    4 |               |          |                   |            |
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

If you an asterisk ({\bf *}) appears after the slot number, you must run an
{\bf update slots} command to synchronize autochanger content with your
catalog.

\section{Miscellaneous}
\index[general]{Misc New Features}

\subsection{Allow Mixed Priority = \lt{}yes|no\gt{}}
   This directive is only implemented in version 2.5 and later.  When
   set to {\bf yes} (default {\bf no}), this job may run even if lower
   priority jobs are already running.  This means a high priority job
   will not have to wait for other jobs to finish before starting.
   The scheduler will only mix priorities when all running jobs have
   this set to true.

   Note that only higher priority jobs will start early.  Suppose the
   director will allow two concurrent jobs, and that two jobs with
   priority 10 are running, with two more in the queue.  If a job with
   priority 5 is added to the queue, it will be run as soon as one of
   the running jobs finishes.  However, new priority 10 jobs will not
   be run until the priority 5 job has finished.

\subsection{Bootstrap File Directive -- FileRegex}
  {\bf FileRegex} is a new command that can be added to the bootstrap
  (.bsr) file.  The value is a regular expression.  When specified, only
  matching filenames will be restored.

  During a restore, if all File records are pruned from the catalog
  for a Job, normally Bacula can restore only all files saved. That
  is there is no way using the catalog to select individual files.
  With this new command, Bacula will ask if you want to specify a Regex
  expression for extracting only a part of the full backup.

\subsection{Solaris ZFS/NFSv4 ACLs}
  This is an upgrade of the previous Solaris ACL backup code
  to the new library format, which will backup both the old
  POSIX(UFS) ACLs as well as the ZFS ACLs.

  The new code can also restore POSIX(UFS) ACLs to a ZFS filesystem
  (it will translate the POSIX(UFS)) ACL into a ZFS/NFSv4 one) it can also
  be used to transfer from UFS to ZFS filesystems.


\subsection{Virtual Tape Emulation}
We now have a Virtual Tape emulator that allows us to run though 99.9\% of
the tape code but actually reading and writing to a disk file. Used with the
\textbf{disk-changer} script, you can now emulate an autochanger with 10 drives
and 700 slots. This feature is most useful in testing.  It is enabled
by using {\bf Device Type = vtape} in the Storage daemon's Device
directive. This feature is only implemented on Linux machines.

\subsection{Bat Enhancements}
Bat (the Bacula Administration Tool) GUI program has been significantly
enhanced and stabilized. In particular, there are new table based status 
commands; it can now be easily localized using Qt4 Linguist.

The Bat communications protocol has been significantly enhanced to improve
GUI handling.

\subsection{RunScript Enhancements}
The {\bf RunScript} resource has been enhanced to permit multiple
commands per RunScript.  Simply specify multiple {\bf Command} directives
in your RunScript.

\begin{verbatim}
Job {
  Name = aJob
  RunScript {
    Command = "/bin/echo test"
    Command = "/bin/echo an other test"
    Command = "/bin/echo 3 commands in the same runscript"
    RunsWhen = Before
  }
 ...
}
\end{verbatim}

A new Client RunScript {\bf RunsWhen} keyword of {\bf AfterVSS} has been
implemented, which runs the command after the Volume Shadow Copy has been made.

Console commands can be specified within a RunScript by using:
{\bf Console = \lt{}command\gt{}}, however, this command has not been 
carefully tested and debugged and is known to easily crash the Director.
We would appreciate feedback.  Due to the recursive nature of this command, we
may remove it before the final release.

\subsection{Status Enhancements}
The bconsole {\bf status dir} output has been enhanced to indicate
Storage daemon job spooling and despooling activity.

\subsection{Connect Timeout}
The default connect timeout to the File
daemon has been set to 3 minutes. Previously it was 30 minutes.

\subsection{ftruncate for NFS Volumes}
If you write to a Volume mounted by NFS (say on a local file server),
in previous Bacula versions, when the Volume was recycled, it was not
properly truncated because NFS does not implement ftruncate (file 
truncate). This is now corrected in the new version because we have
written code (actually a kind user) that deletes and recreates the Volume,
thus accomplishing the same thing as a truncate.

\subsection{Support for Ubuntu}
The new version of Bacula now recognizes the Ubuntu (and Kubuntu)
version of Linux, and thus now provides correct autostart routines.
Since Ubuntu officially supports Bacula, you can also obtain any
recent release of Bacula from the Ubuntu repositories.

\subsection{Recycle Pool = \lt{}pool-name\gt{}}
The new \textbf{RecyclePool} directive defines to which pool the Volume will
be placed (moved) when it is recycled. Without this directive, a Volume will
remain in the same pool when it is recycled. With this directive, it can be
moved automatically to any existing pool during a recycle. This directive is
probably most useful when defined in the Scratch pool, so that volumes will
be recycled back into the Scratch pool.

\subsection{FD Version}
The File daemon to Director protocol now includes a version 
number, which although there is no visible change for users, 
will help us in future versions automatically determine
if a File daemon is not compatible.

\subsection{Max Run Sched Time = \lt{}time-period-in-seconds\gt{}}
The time specifies the maximum allowed time that a job may run, counted from
when the job was scheduled. This can be useful to prevent jobs from running
during working hours. We can see it like \texttt{Max Start Delay + Max Run
  Time}.

\subsection{Max Wait Time = \lt{}time-period-in-seconds\gt{}}

Previous \textbf{MaxWaitTime} directives aren't working as expected, instead
of checking the maximum allowed time that a job may block for a resource,
those directives worked like \textbf{MaxRunTime}. Some users are reporting to
use \textbf{Incr/Diff/Full Max Wait Time} to control the maximum run time of
their job depending on the level. Now, they have to use
\textbf{Incr/Diff/Full Max Run Time}.  \textbf{Incr/Diff/Full Max Wait Time}
directives are now deprecated.

\subsection{Incremental|Differential Max Wait Time = \lt{}time-period-in-seconds\gt{}} 
Theses directives have been deprecated in favor of
\texttt{Incremental|Differential Max Run Time}.

\subsection{Max Run Time directives}
Using \textbf{Full/Diff/Incr Max Run Time}, it's now possible to specify the
maximum allowed time that a job can run depending on the level.

\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Job time control directives}
\includegraphics{\idir different_time.eps}

\subsection{Statistics Enhancements}
If you (or probably your boss) want to have statistics on your backups to
provide some \textit{Service Level Agreement} indicators, you could use a few
SQL queries on the Job table to report how many:

\begin{itemize}
\item jobs have run
\item jobs have been successful
\item files have been backed up
\item ...
\end{itemize}

However, these statistics are accurate only if your job retention is greater
than your statistics period. Ie, if jobs are purged from the catalog, you won't
be able to use them. 

Now, you can use the \textbf{update stats [days=num]} console command to fill
the JobHistory table with new Job records. If you want to be sure to take in
account only \textbf{good jobs}, ie if one of your important job has failed but
you have fixed the problem and restarted it on time, you probably want to
delete the first \textit{bad} job record and keep only the successful one. For
that simply let your staff do the job, and update JobHistory table after two or
three days depending on your organization using the \textbf{[days=num]} option.

These statistics records aren't used for restoring, but mainly for
capacity planning, billings, etc.

The Bweb interface provides a statistics module that can use this feature. You
can also use tools like Talend or extract information by yourself.

The {\textbf Statistics Retention = \lt{}time\gt{}} director directive defines
the length of time that Bacula will keep statistics job records in the Catalog
database after the Job End time. (In \texttt{JobHistory} table) When this time
period expires, and if user runs \texttt{prune stats} command, Bacula will
prune (remove) Job records that are older than the specified period.

You can use the following Job resource in your nightly \textbf{BackupCatalog}
job to maintain statistics.
\begin{verbatim}
Job {
  Name = BackupCatalog
  ...
  RunScript {
    Console = "update stats days=3"
    Console = "prune stats yes"
    RunsWhen = After
    RunsOnClient = no
  }
}
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{SpoolSize = \lt{}size-specification-in-bytes\gt{}}
A new job directive permits to specify the spool size per job. This is used
in advanced job tunning. {\bf SpoolSize={\it bytes}}

\subsection{MaxConsoleConnections = \lt{}number\gt{}}
A new director directive permits to specify the maximum number of Console
Connections that could run concurrently. The default is set to 20, but you may
set it to a larger number.

\section{Building Bacula Plugins}
There is currently one sample program {\bf example-plugin-fd.c} and
one working plugin {\bf bpipe-fd.c} that can be found in the Bacula
{\bf src/plugins/fd} directory.  Both are built with the following:

\begin{verbatim}
 cd <bacula-source>
 ./configure <your-options>
 make
 ...
 cd src/plugins/fd
 make
 make test
\end{verbatim}

After building Bacula and changing into the src/plugins/fd directory,
the {\bf make} command will build the {\bf bpipe-fd.so} plugin, which 
is a very useful and working program.

The {\bf make test} command will build the {\bf example-plugin-fd.so}
plugin and a binary named {\bf main}, which is build from the source
code located in {\bf src/filed/fd\_plugins.c}. 

If you execute {\bf ./main}, it will load and run the example-plugin-fd
plugin simulating a small number of the calling sequences that Bacula uses
in calling a real plugin.  This allows you to do initial testing of 
your plugin prior to trying it with Bacula.

You can get a good idea of how to write your own plugin by first 
studying the example-plugin-fd, and actually running it.  Then
it can also be instructive to read the bpipe-fd.c code as it is 
a real plugin, which is still rather simple and small.

When actually writing your own plugin, you may use the example-plugin-fd.c
code as a template for your code.


%%
%%

\chapter{Bacula FD Plugin API}
To write a Bacula plugin, you create a dynamic shared object
program (or dll on Win32) with a particular name and two 
exported entry points, place it in the {\bf Plugins Directory}, which is defined in the
{\bf bacula-fd.conf} file in the {\bf Client} resource, and when the FD
starts, it will load all the plugins that end with {\bf -fd.so} (or {\bf -fd.dll}
on Win32) found in that directory.

\section{Normal vs Command Plugins}
In general, there are two ways that plugins are called. The first way, 
is when a particular event is detected in Bacula, it will transfer control
to each plugin that is loaded in turn informing the plugin of the event. 
This is very similar to how a {\bf RunScript} works, and the events are very similar.
Once the plugin gets control, it can interact with Bacula by getting and
setting Bacula variables.  In this way, it behaves much like a RunScript.
Currently very few Bacula variables are defined, but they will be implemented
as the need arrises, and it is very extensible.

We plan to have plugins register to receive events that they normally would
not receive, such as an event for each file examined for backup or restore.
This feature is not yet implemented.

The second type of plugin, which is more useful and fully implemented
in the current version is what we call a command plugin.  As with all
plugins, it gets notified of important events as noted above (details described below),
but in addition, this kind of plugin can accept a command line, which
is a:

\begin{verbatim}
   Plugin = <command-string>
\end{verbatim}

directive that is placed in the Include section of a FileSet and is very
similar to the "File = " directive.  When this Plugin directive is encountered 
by Bacula during backup, it passes the "command" part of the Plugin directive
only to the plugin that is explicitly named in the first field of that command string.
This allows that plugin to backup any file or files on the system that it wants. It can
even create "virtual files" in the catalog that contain data to be restored but do
not necessarily correspond to actual files on the filesystem.

The important features of the command plugin entry points are:
\begin{itemize}
 \item It is triggered by a "Plugin =" directive in the FileSet
 \item Only a single plugin is called that is named on the "Plugin =" directive.
 \item The full command string after the "Plugin =" is passed to the plugin
    so that it can be told what to backup/restore.
\end{itemize}


\section{Loading Plugins}
Once the File daemon loads the plugins, it asks the OS for the
two entry points (loadPlugin and unloadPlugin) then calls the
{\bf loadPlugin} entry point (see below).

Bacula passes information to the plugin through this call and it gets
back information that it needs to use the plugin.  Later, Bacula
 will call particular functions that are defined by the
{\bf loadPlugin} interface.  

When Bacula is finished with the plugin 
(when Bacula is going to exit), it will call the {\bf unloadPlugin}
entry point.

The two entry points are:

\begin{verbatim}
bRC loadPlugin(bInfo *lbinfo, bFuncs *lbfuncs, pInfo **pinfo, pFuncs **pfuncs)

and

bRC unloadPlugin()
\end{verbatim}

both these external entry points to the shared object are defined as C entry points
to avoid name mangling complications with C++.  However, the shared object
can actually be written in any language (preferrably C or C++) providing that it
follows C language calling conventions.

The definitions for {\bf bRC} and the arguments are {\bf
src/filed/fd-plugins.h} and so this header file needs to be included in
your plugin.  It along with {\bf src/lib/plugins.h} define basically the whole
plugin interface.  Within this header file, it includes the following
files:

\begin{verbatim}
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "bc_types.h"
#include "lib/plugins.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
\end{verbatim}

Aside from the {\bf bc\_types.h} and {\bf confit.h} headers, the plugin definition uses the
minimum code from Bacula.  The bc\_types.h file is required to ensure that
the data type defintions in arguments correspond to the Bacula core code.

The return codes are defined as:
\begin{verbatim}
typedef enum {
  bRC_OK    = 0,                         /* OK */
  bRC_Stop  = 1,                         /* Stop calling other plugins */
  bRC_Error = 2,                         /* Some kind of error */
  bRC_More  = 3,                         /* More files to backup */
} bRC;
\end{verbatim}


At a future point in time, we hope to make the Bacula libbac.a into a
shared object so that the plugin can use much more of Bacula's
infrastructure, but for this first cut, we have tried to minimize the
dependence on Bacula.

\section{loadPlugin}
As previously mentioned, the {\bf loadPlugin} entry point in the plugin
is called immediately after Bacula loads the plugin when the File daemon
itself is first starting.  This entry point is only called once during the
execution of the File daemon.  In calling the
plugin, the first two arguments are information from Bacula that
is passed to the plugin, and the last two arguments are information
about the plugin that the plugin must return to Bacula.  The call is:

\begin{verbatim}
bRC loadPlugin(bInfo *lbinfo, bFuncs *lbfuncs, pInfo **pinfo, pFuncs **pfuncs)
\end{verbatim}

and the arguments are:

\begin{description}
\item [lbinfo]
This is information about Bacula in general. Currently, the only value
defined in the bInfo structure is the version, which is the Bacula plugin 
interface version, currently defined as 1.  The {\bf size} is set to the
byte size of the structure. The exact definition of the bInfo structure
as of this writing is: 

\begin{verbatim}
typedef struct s_baculaInfo {
   uint32_t size;
   uint32_t version;
} bInfo;
\end{verbatim}

\item [lbfuncs]
The bFuncs structure defines the callback entry points within Bacula
that the plugin can use register events, get Bacula values, set
Bacula values, and send messages to the Job output or debug output.

The exact definition as of this writing is:
\begin{verbatim}
typedef struct s_baculaFuncs {
   uint32_t size;
   uint32_t version;
   bRC (*registerBaculaEvents)(bpContext *ctx, ...);
   bRC (*getBaculaValue)(bpContext *ctx, bVariable var, void *value);
   bRC (*setBaculaValue)(bpContext *ctx, bVariable var, void *value);
   bRC (*JobMessage)(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line,
       int type, time_t mtime, const char *fmt, ...);
   bRC (*DebugMessage)(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line,
       int level, const char *fmt, ...);
   void *(*baculaMalloc)(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line,
       size_t size);
   void (*baculaFree)(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line, void *mem);
} bFuncs;
\end{verbatim}

We will discuss these entry points and how to use them a bit later when
describing the plugin code.


\item [pInfo]
When the loadPlugin entry point is called, the plugin must initialize
an information structure about the plugin and return a pointer to
this structure to Bacula.

The exact definition as of this writing is:

\begin{verbatim}
typedef struct s_pluginInfo {
   uint32_t size;
   uint32_t version;
   const char *plugin_magic;
   const char *plugin_license;
   const char *plugin_author;
   const char *plugin_date;
   const char *plugin_version;
   const char *plugin_description;
} pInfo;
\end{verbatim}

Where:
 \begin{description}
 \item [version] is the current Bacula defined plugin interface version, currently
   set to 1. If the interface version differs from the current version of 
   Bacula, the plugin will not be run (not yet implemented).
 \item [plugin\_magic] is a pointer to the text string "*FDPluginData*", a
   sort of sanity check.  If this value is not specified, the plugin
   will not be run (not yet implemented).
 \item [plugin\_license] is a pointer to a text string that describes the
   plugin license. Bacula will only accept compatible licenses (not yet
   implemented).
 \item [plugin\_author] is a pointer to the text name of the author of the program.
   This string can be anything but is generally the author's name.
 \item [plugin\_date] is the pointer text string containing the date of the plugin.
   This string can be anything but is generally some human readable form of 
   the date.
 \item [plugin\_version] is a pointer to a text string containing the version of
   the plugin.  The contents are determined by the plugin writer.
 \item [plugin\_description] is a pointer to a string describing what the
   plugin does. The contents are determined by the plugin writer.
 \end{description}

The pInfo structure must be defined in static memory because Bacula does not
copy it and may refer to the values at any time while the plugin is
loaded. All values must be supplied or the plugin will not run (not yet
implemented).  All text strings must be either ASCII or UTF-8 strings that
are terminated with a zero byte.

\item [pFuncs]
When the loadPlugin entry point is called, the plugin must initialize
an entry point structure about the plugin and return a pointer to
this structure to Bacula. This structure contains pointer to each
of the entry points that the plugin must provide for Bacula. When
Bacula is actually running the plugin, it will call the defined
entry points at particular times.  All entry points must be defined.

The pFuncs structure must be defined in static memory because Bacula does not
copy it and may refer to the values at any time while the plugin is
loaded.

The exact definition as of this writing is:

\begin{verbatim}
typedef struct s_pluginFuncs {
   uint32_t size;
   uint32_t version;
   bRC (*newPlugin)(bpContext *ctx);
   bRC (*freePlugin)(bpContext *ctx);
   bRC (*getPluginValue)(bpContext *ctx, pVariable var, void *value);
   bRC (*setPluginValue)(bpContext *ctx, pVariable var, void *value);
   bRC (*handlePluginEvent)(bpContext *ctx, bEvent *event, void *value);
   bRC (*startBackupFile)(bpContext *ctx, struct save_pkt *sp);
   bRC (*endBackupFile)(bpContext *ctx);
   bRC (*startRestoreFile)(bpContext *ctx, const char *cmd);
   bRC (*endRestoreFile)(bpContext *ctx);
   bRC (*pluginIO)(bpContext *ctx, struct io_pkt *io);
   bRC (*createFile)(bpContext *ctx, struct restore_pkt *rp);
   bRC (*setFileAttributes)(bpContext *ctx, struct restore_pkt *rp);
} pFuncs;
\end{verbatim}

The details of the entry points will be presented in
separate sections below. 

Where:
 \begin{description}
 \item [size] is the byte size of the structure.
 \item [version] is the plugin interface version currently set to 1.
 \end{description}

Sample code for loadPlugin:
\begin{verbatim}
  bfuncs = lbfuncs;                  /* set Bacula funct pointers */
  binfo  = lbinfo;
  *pinfo  = &pluginInfo;             /* return pointer to our info */
  *pfuncs = &pluginFuncs;            /* return pointer to our functions */

   return bRC_OK;
\end{verbatim}

where pluginInfo and pluginFuncs are statically defined structures. 
See bpipe-fd.c for details.



\end{description}

\section{Plugin Entry Points}
This section will describe each of the entry points (subroutines) within
the plugin that the plugin must provide for Bacula, when they are called
and their arguments. As noted above, pointers to these subroutines are
passed back to Bacula in the pFuncs structure when Bacula calls the 
loadPlugin() externally defined entry point.

\subsection{newPlugin(bpContext *ctx)}
  This is the entry point that Bacula will call
  when a new "instance" of the plugin is created. This typically
  happens at the beginning of a Job.  If 10 Jobs are running
  simultaneously, there will be at least 10 instances of the
  plugin.

  The bpContext structure will be passed to the plugin, and
  during this call, if the plugin needs to have its private
  working storage that is associated with the particular
  instance of the plugin, it should create it from the heap
  (malloc the memory) and store a pointer to
  its private working storage in the {\bf pContext} variable.
  Note: since Bacula is a multi-threaded program, you must not
  keep any variable data in your plugin unless it is truely meant
  to apply globally to the whole plugin.  In addition, you must
  be aware that except the first and last call to the plugin
  (loadPlugin and unloadPlugin) all the other calls will be 
  made by threads that correspond to a Bacula job.  The 
  bpContext that will be passed for each thread will remain the
  same throughout the Job thus you can keep your privat Job specific
  data in it ({\bf bContext}).

\begin{verbatim}
typedef struct s_bpContext {
  void *pContext;   /* Plugin private context */
  void *bContext;   /* Bacula private context */
} bpContext;

\end{verbatim}
   
  This context pointer will be passed as the first argument to all
  the entry points that Bacula calls within the plugin.  Needless
  to say, the plugin should not change the bContext variable, which
  is Bacula's private context pointer for this instance (Job) of this
  plugin.

\subsection{freePlugin(bpContext *ctx)}
This entry point is called when the
this instance of the plugin is no longer needed (the Job is
ending), and the plugin should release all memory it may
have allocated for this particular instance (Job) i.e. the pContext.  
This is not the final termination
of the plugin signaled by a call to {\bf unloadPlugin}. 
Any other instances (Job) will
continue to run, and the entry point {\bf newPlugin} may be called
again if other jobs start.

\subsection{getPluginValue(bpContext *ctx, pVariable var, void *value)} 
Bacula will call this entry point to get
a value from the plugin.  This entry point is currently not called.

\subsection{setPluginValue(bpContext *ctx, pVariable var, void *value)}
Bacula will call this entry point to set
a value in the plugin.  This entry point is currently not called.
 
\subsection{handlePluginEvent(bpContext *ctx, bEvent *event, void *value)}
This entry point is called when Bacula
encounters certain events (discussed below). This is, in fact, the 
main way that most plugins get control when a Job runs and how
they know what is happening in the job. It can be likened to the
{\bf RunScript} feature that calls external programs and scripts,
and is very similar to the Bacula Python interface.
When the plugin is called, Bacula passes it the pointer to an event
structure (bEvent), which currently has one item, the eventType:

\begin{verbatim}
typedef struct s_bEvent {
   uint32_t eventType;
} bEvent;
\end{verbatim}

  which defines what event has been triggered, and for each event,
  Bacula will pass a pointer to a value associated with that event.
  If no value is associated with a particular event, Bacula will 
  pass a NULL pointer, so the plugin must be careful to always check
  value pointer prior to dereferencing it.
  
  The current list of events are:

\begin{verbatim}
typedef enum {
  bEventJobStart        = 1,
  bEventJobEnd          = 2,
  bEventStartBackupJob  = 3,
  bEventEndBackupJob    = 4,
  bEventStartRestoreJob = 5,
  bEventEndRestoreJob   = 6,
  bEventStartVerifyJob  = 7,
  bEventEndVerifyJob    = 8,
  bEventBackupCommand   = 9,
  bEventRestoreCommand  = 10,
  bEventLevel           = 11,
  bEventSince           = 12,
} bEventType;

\end{verbatim}
 
Most of the above are self-explanatory.

\begin{description}
 \item [bEventJobStart] is called whenever a Job starts. The value
   passed is a pointer to a string that contains: "Jobid=nnn 
   Job=job-name". Where nnn will be replaced by the JobId and job-name
   will be replaced by the Job name. The variable is temporary so if you
   need the values, you must copy them.

 \item [bEventJobEnd] is called whenever a Job ends. No value is passed.

 \item [bEventStartBackupJob] is called when a Backup Job begins. No value
   is passed.

 \item [bEventEndBackupJob] is called when a Backup Job ends. No value is 
   passed.

 \item [bEventStartRestoreJob] is called when a Restore Job starts. No value
   is passed.

 \item [bEventEndRestoreJob] is called when a Restore Job ends. No value is
   passed.

 \item [bEventStartVerifyJob] is called when a Verify Job starts. No value
   is passed.

 \item [bEventEndVerifyJob] is called when a Verify Job ends. No value
   is passed.

 \item [bEventBackupCommand] is called prior to the bEventStartBackupJob and
   the plugin is passed the command string (everything after the equal sign
   in "Plugin =" as the value.

   Note, if you intend to backup a file, this is an important first point to
   write code that copies the command string passed into your pContext area
   so that you will know that a backup is being performed and you will know
   the full contents of the "Plugin =" command (i.e. what to backup and
   what virtual filename the user wants to call it.

 \item [bEventRestoreCommand] is called prior to the bEventStartRestoreJob and
   the plugin is passed the command string (everything after the equal sign
   in "Plugin =" as the value.

   See the notes above concerning backup and the command string. This is the
   point at which Bacula passes you the original command string that was
   specified during the backup, so you will want to save it in your pContext
   area for later use when Bacula calls the plugin again.

 \item [bEventLevel] is called when the level is set for a new Job. The value
   is a 32 bit integer stored in the void*, which represents the Job Level code.

 \item [bEventSince] is called when the since time is set for a new Job. The 
   value is a time\_t time at which the last job was run.
\end{description}

During each of the above calls, the plugin receives either no specific value or
only one value, which in some cases may not be sufficient.  However, knowing the
context of the event, the plugin can call back to the Bacula entry points it
was passed during the {\bf loadPlugin} call and get to a number of Bacula variables.
(at the current time few Bacula variables are implemented, but it easily extended
at a future time and as needs require).

\subsection{startBackupFile(bpContext *ctx, struct save\_pkt *sp)}
This entry point is called only if your plugin is a command plugin, and 
it is called when Bacula encounters the "Plugin = " directive in
the Include section of the FileSet.
Called when beginning the backup of a file. Here Bacula provides you
with a pointer to the {\bf save\_pkt} structure and you must fill in 
this packet with the "attribute" data of the file.

\begin{verbatim}
struct save_pkt {
   int32_t pkt_size;                  /* size of this packet */
   char *fname;                       /* Full path and filename */
   char *link;                        /* Link name if any */
   struct stat statp;                 /* System stat() packet for file */
   int32_t type;                      /* FT_xx for this file */
   uint32_t flags;                    /* Bacula internal flags */
   bool portable;                     /* set if data format is portable */
   char *cmd;                         /* command */
   int32_t pkt_end;                   /* end packet sentinel */
};
\end{verbatim}

The second argument is a pointer to the {\bf save\_pkt} structure for the file
to be backed up.  The plugin is responsible for filling in all the fields 
of the {\bf save\_pkt}. If you are backing up
a real file, then generally, the statp structure can be filled in by doing
a {\bf stat} system call on the file.  

If you are backing up a database or
something that is more complex, you might want to create a virtual file.
That is a file that does not actually exist on the filesystem, but represents 
say an object that you are backing up.  In that case, you need to ensure
that the {\bf fname} string that you pass back is unique so that it
does not conflict with a real file on the system, and you need to 
artifically create values in the statp packet.

Example programs such as {\bf bpipe-fd.c} show how to set these fields.
You must take care not to store pointers the stack in the pointer fields such
as fname and link, because when you return from your function, your stack entries
will be destroyed. The solution in that case is to malloc() and return the pointer
to it. In order to not have memory leaks, you should store a pointer to all memory
allocated in your pContext structure so that in subsequent calls or at termination,
you can release it back to the system.

Once the backup has begun, Bacula will call your plugin at the {\bf pluginIO}
entry point to "read" the data to be backed up.  Please see the {\bf bpipe-fd.c}
plugin for how to do I/O.

Example of filling in the save\_pkt as used in bpipe-fd.c:

\begin{verbatim}
   struct plugin_ctx *p_ctx = (struct plugin_ctx *)ctx->pContext;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   sp->fname = p_ctx->fname;
   sp->statp.st_mode = 0700 | S_IFREG;
   sp->statp.st_ctime = now;
   sp->statp.st_mtime = now;
   sp->statp.st_atime = now;
   sp->statp.st_size = -1;
   sp->statp.st_blksize = 4096;
   sp->statp.st_blocks = 1;
   p_ctx->backup = true;
   return bRC_OK; 
\end{verbatim}

Note: the filename to be created has already been created from the 
command string previously sent to the plugin and is in the plugin 
context (p\_ctx->fname) and is a malloc()ed string.  This example
creates a regular file (S\_IFREG), with various fields being created.

In general, the sequence of commands issued from Bacula to the plugin
to do a backup while processing the "Plugin = " directive are:

\begin{enumerate}
 \item generate a bEventBackupCommand event to the specified plugin
       and pass it the command string.
 \item make a startPluginBackup call to the plugin, which
       fills in the data needed in save\_pkt to save as the file
       attributes and to put on the Volume and in the catalog.
 \item call Bacula's internal save\_file() subroutine to save the specified
       file.  The plugin will then be called at pluginIO() to "open"
       the file, and then to read the file data.
       Note, if you are dealing with a virtual file, the "open" operation
       is something the plugin does internally and it doesn't necessarily
       mean opening a file on the filesystem.  For example in the case of
       the bpipe-fd.c program, it initiates a pipe to the requested program.
       Finally when the plugin signals to Bacula that all the data was read,
       Bacula will call the plugin with the "close" pluginIO() function.
\end{enumerate}


\subsection{endBackupFile(bpContext *ctx)}
Called at the end of backing up a file for a command plugin.  If the plugin's work
is done, it should return bRC\_OK.  If the plugin wishes to create another
file and back it up, then it must return bRC\_More (not yet implemented).
This is probably a good time to release any malloc()ed memory you used to
pass back filenames.

\subsection{startRestoreFile(bpContext *ctx, const char *cmd)}
Called when the first record is read from the Volume that was 
previously written by the command plugin.

\subsection{createFile(bpContext *ctx, struct restore\_pkt *rp)}
Called for a command plugin to create a file during a Restore job before 
restoring the data. 
This entry point is called before any I/O is done on the file.  After
this call, Bacula will call pluginIO() to open the file for write.

The data in the 
restore\_pkt is passed to the plugin and is based on the data that was
originally given by the plugin during the backup and the current user
restore settings (e.g. where, RegexWhere, replace).  This allows the
plugin to first create a file (if necessary) so that the data can
be transmitted to it.  The next call to the plugin will be a
pluginIO command with a request to open the file write-only.

This call must return one of the following values:

\begin{verbatim}
 enum {
   CF_SKIP = 1,       /* skip file (not newer or something) */
   CF_ERROR,          /* error creating file */
   CF_EXTRACT,        /* file created, data to extract */
   CF_CREATED         /* file created, no data to extract */
};
\end{verbatim}

in the restore\_pkt value {\bf create\_status}.  For a normal file,
unless there is an error, you must return {\bf CF\_EXTRACT}.

\begin{verbatim}
 
struct restore_pkt {
   int32_t pkt_size;                  /* size of this packet */
   int32_t stream;                    /* attribute stream id */
   int32_t data_stream;               /* id of data stream to follow */
   int32_t type;                      /* file type FT */
   int32_t file_index;                /* file index */
   int32_t LinkFI;                    /* file index to data if hard link */
   uid_t uid;                         /* userid */
   struct stat statp;                 /* decoded stat packet */
   const char *attrEx;                /* extended attributes if any */
   const char *ofname;                /* output filename */
   const char *olname;                /* output link name */
   const char *where;                 /* where */
   const char *RegexWhere;            /* regex where */
   int replace;                       /* replace flag */
   int create_status;                 /* status from createFile() */
   int32_t pkt_end;                   /* end packet sentinel */

};
\end{verbatim}

Typical code to create a regular file would be the following:

\begin{verbatim}
   struct plugin_ctx *p_ctx = (struct plugin_ctx *)ctx->pContext;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   sp->fname = p_ctx->fname;   /* set the full path/filename I want to create */
   sp->type = FT_REG;
   sp->statp.st_mode = 0700 | S_IFREG;
   sp->statp.st_ctime = now;
   sp->statp.st_mtime = now;
   sp->statp.st_atime = now;
   sp->statp.st_size = -1;
   sp->statp.st_blksize = 4096;
   sp->statp.st_blocks = 1;
   return bRC_OK;
\end{verbatim}

This will create a virtual file.  If you are creating a file that actually 
exists, you will most likely want to fill the statp packet using the
stat() system call.

Creating a directory is similar, but requires a few extra steps:

\begin{verbatim}
   struct plugin_ctx *p_ctx = (struct plugin_ctx *)ctx->pContext;
   time_t now = time(NULL);
   sp->fname = p_ctx->fname;   /* set the full path I want to create */
   sp->link = xxx; where xxx is p_ctx->fname with a trailing forward slash
   sp->type = FT_DIREND
   sp->statp.st_mode = 0700 | S_IFDIR;
   sp->statp.st_ctime = now;
   sp->statp.st_mtime = now;
   sp->statp.st_atime = now;
   sp->statp.st_size = -1;
   sp->statp.st_blksize = 4096;
   sp->statp.st_blocks = 1;
   return bRC_OK;
\end{verbatim}

The link field must be set with the full cononical path name, which always 
ends with a forward slash.  If you do not terminate it with a forward slash,
you will surely have problems later.

As with the example that creates a file, if you are backing up a real
directory, you will want to do an stat() on the directory.  

Note, if you want the directory permissions and times to be correctly
restored, you must create the directory {\bf after} all the file directories
have been sent to Bacula. That allows the restore process to restore all the
files in a directory using default directory options, then at the end, restore
the directory permissions.  If you do it the other way around, each time you
restore a file, the OS will modify the time values for the directory entry.

\subsection{setFileAttributes(bpContext *ctx, struct restore\_pkt *rp)}
This is call not yet implemented.  Called for a command plugin.

See the definition of {\bf restre\_pkt} in the above section.

\subsection{endRestoreFile(bpContext *ctx)}
Called when a command plugin is done restoring a file.

\subsection{pluginIO(bpContext *ctx, struct io\_pkt *io)}
Called to do the input (backup) or output (restore) of data from or to a
file for a command plugin. These routines simulate the Unix read(), write(), open(), close(), 
and lseek() I/O calls, and the arguments are passed in the packet and
the return values are also placed in the packet.  In addition for Win32
systems the plugin must return two additional values (described below).

\begin{verbatim}
 enum {
   IO_OPEN = 1,
   IO_READ = 2,
   IO_WRITE = 3,
   IO_CLOSE = 4,
   IO_SEEK = 5
};

struct io_pkt {
   int32_t pkt_size;                  /* Size of this packet */
   int32_t func;                      /* Function code */
   int32_t count;                     /* read/write count */
   mode_t mode;                       /* permissions for created files */
   int32_t flags;                     /* Open flags */
   char *buf;                         /* read/write buffer */
   const char *fname;                 /* open filename */
   int32_t status;                    /* return status */
   int32_t io_errno;                  /* errno code */
   int32_t lerror;                    /* Win32 error code */
   int32_t whence;                    /* lseek argument */
   boffset_t offset;                  /* lseek argument */
   bool win32;                        /* Win32 GetLastError returned */
   int32_t pkt_end;                   /* end packet sentinel */
};
\end{verbatim}

The particular Unix function being simulated is indicated by the {\bf func}, 
which will have one of the IO\_OPEN, IO\_READ, ... codes listed above.  
The status code that would be returned from a Unix call is returned in
{\bf status} for IO\_OPEN, IO\_CLOSE, IO\_READ, and IO\_WRITE. The return value for 
IO\_SEEK is returned in {\bf offset} which in general is a 64 bit value.

When there is an error on Unix systems, you must always set io\_error, and
on a Win32 system, you must always set win32, and the returned value from
the OS call GetLastError() in lerror.

For all except IO\_SEEK, {\bf status} is the return result.  In general it is
a positive integer unless there is an error in which case it is -1.

The following describes each call and what you get and what you
should return:

\begin{description}
 \item [IO\_OPEN]
   You will be passed fname, mode, and flags.
   You must set on return: status, and if there is a Unix error
   io\_errno must be set to the errno value, and if there is a 
   Win32 error win32 and lerror. 

 \item [IO\_READ]
  You will be passed: count, and buf (buffer of size count).
  You must set on return: status to the number of bytes 
  read into the buffer (buf) or -1 on an error, 
  and if there is a Unix error
  io\_errno must be set to the errno value, and if there is a
  Win32 error, win32 and lerror must be set.

 \item [IO\_WRITE]
  You will be passed: count, and buf (buffer of size count).
  You must set on return: status to the number of bytes 
  written from the buffer (buf) or -1 on an error, 
  and if there is a Unix error
  io\_errno must be set to the errno value, and if there is a
  Win32 error, win32 and lerror must be set.

 \item [IO\_CLOSE]
  Nothing will be passed to you.  On return you must set 
  status to 0 on success and -1 on failure.  If there is a Unix error
  io\_errno must be set to the errno value, and if there is a
  Win32 error, win32 and lerror must be set.

 \item [IO\_LSEEK]
  You will be passed: offset, and whence. offset is a 64 bit value
  and is the position to seek to relative to whence.  whence is one
  of the following SEEK\_SET, SEEK\_CUR, or SEEK\_END indicating to
  either to seek to an absolute possition, relative to the current 
  position or relative to the end of the file.
  You must pass back in offset the absolute location to which you 
  seeked. If there is an error, offset should be set to -1.
  If there is a Unix error
  io\_errno must be set to the errno value, and if there is a
  Win32 error, win32 and lerror must be set.

  Note: Bacula will call IO\_SEEK only when writing a sparse file.
  
\end{description}

\section{Bacula Plugin Entrypoints}
When Bacula calls one of your plugin entrypoints, you can call back to
the entrypoints in Bacula that were supplied during the xxx plugin call
to get or set information within Bacula.

\subsection{bRC registerBaculaEvents(bpContext *ctx, ...)}
This Bacula entrypoint will allow you to register to receive events
that are not autmatically passed to your plugin by default. This 
entrypoint currently is unimplemented.

\subsection{bRC getBaculaValue(bpContext *ctx, bVariable var, void *value)}
Calling this entrypoint, you can obtain specific values that are available
in Bacula.

\subsection{bRC setBaculaValue(bpContext *ctx, bVariable var, void *value)}
Calling this entrypoint allows you to set particular values in
Bacula.

\subsection{bRC JobMessage(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line,
       int type, time\_t mtime, const char *fmt, ...)}
This call permits you to put a message in the Job Report.


\subsection{bRC DebugMessage(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line,
       int level, const char *fmt, ...)}
This call permits you to print a debug message.


\subsection{void baculaMalloc(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line,
       size\_t size)}
This call permits you to obtain memory from Bacula's memory allocator.


\subsection{void baculaFree(bpContext *ctx, const char *file, int line, void *mem)}
This call permits you to free memory obtained from Bacula's memory allocator.