Add small note on BaseJobs and pruning

[bacula/docs] / docs / manuals / en / main / win32.tex

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\chapter{The Windows Version of Bacula}
\label{Win32Chapter}
\index[general]{Windows Version of Bacula}

At the current time only the File daemon or Client program has
been thouroughly tested on Windows and is suitable for a
production environment. As a consequence, when we
speak of the Windows version of Bacula below, we are referring to
the File daemon (client) only. 

The Windows version of the Bacula File daemon has been tested on WinXP,
Win2000, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Vista, Windows 7, 
and Windows 8 systems.  The Windows version of Bacula is a native Windows port, but there
are very few source code changes to the Unix code, which means that the
Windows version is for the most part running code that has long proved
stable on Unix systems.  When running, it is perfectly integrated with
Windows and displays its icon in the system icon tray, and provides a
system tray menu to obtain additional information on how Bacula is running
(status and events dialog boxes).  If so desired, it can also be stopped by
using the system tray menu, though this should normally never be necessary.

Once installed Bacula normally runs as a system service. This means that it is
immediately started by the operating system when the system is booted, and
runs in the background even if there is no user logged into the system. 

\section{Windows Installation}
\label{installation}
\index[general]{Installation}
\index[general]{Windows!Installation}

Normally, you will install the Windows version of Bacula from the binaries.
This install is standard Windows .exe that runs an install wizard using the
NSIS Free Software installer, so if you have already installed Windows
software, it should be very familiar to you. 

If you have a previous version of Bacula
installed, you should stop the service, uninstall it, and remove
the Bacula installation directory possibly saving your
bacula-fd.conf, bconsole.conf, and bat.conf files
for use with the new version you will install.  The Uninstall
program is normally found in {\bf c:\textbackslash{}bacula\textbackslash{}Uninstall.exe}.
We also recommend that you completely remove the directory
{\bf c:\textbackslash{}bacula}, because the current installer
uses a different directory structure (see below).

Providing you do not already have Bacula installed,
the installer installs the binaries and dlls in 
c:\textbackslash{}Program Files\textbackslash{}Bacula\textbackslash{}bin  
and the configuration files
in c:\textbackslash{}Documents and Settings\textbackslash{}All Users\textbackslash{}Application Data\textbackslash{}Bacula
In addition, the {\bf Start\-\gt{}All Programs\-\gt{}Bacula} menu item
will be created during the installation, and on that menu, you
will find items for editing the configuration files, displaying
the document, and starting bwx-console or bconsole.


Finally, proceed with the installation. 

\begin{itemize}
\item You must be logged in as Administrator to the local machine
to do a correct installation, if not, please do so before continuing.
Some users have attempted to install logged in as a domain administrator
account and experienced permissions problems attempting to run
Bacula, so we don't recommend that option.
  
\item Simply double click on the {\bf bacula-win32-5.xx.0.exe}  NSIS install
   icon. The  actual name of the icon will vary from one release version to 
   another. 

\includegraphics{win32-nsis}  bacula-win32-5.xx.0.exe  
  
\item Once launched, the installer wizard will ask you if you want  to install
   Bacula.  

\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Windows Client Setup Wizard}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{win32-welcome}  
\end{center}

\item Next you will be asked to select the installation type. 

\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Windows Installation Type}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{win32-installation-type}
\end{center}

\item If you proceed, you will be asked to select the components to be 
   installed. You may install the Bacula program (Bacula File Service)  and or
   the documentation. Both will be installed in sub-directories  of the install
   location that you choose later. The components  dialog looks like the
   following:  

\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Windows Component Selection Dialog}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{win32-pkg}  
\end{center}

\index[general]{Upgrading}

\item If you are installing for the first time, you will  be asked to
   enter some very basic information about your configuration. If
   you are not sure what to enter, or have previously saved configuration
   files, you can put anything you want into the fields, then either
   replace the configuration files later with the ones saved, or edit
   the file.

   If you are upgrading an existing installation, the following will
   not be displayed.


\addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Windows Configure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{win32-config}  
\end{center}

\item While the various files are being loaded, you will see the following
   dialog:

   \addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Windows Install Progress}
\begin{center}
   \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{win32-installing}  
\end{center}

\item Finally, the finish dialog will appear:  

   \addcontentsline{lof}{figure}{Windows Client Setup Completed}
\begin{center}
   \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{win32-finish}  
\end{center}
\ 
\end{itemize}

That should complete the installation process. When the Bacula File Server is
ready to serve files, an icon \includegraphics{idle} representing a
cassette (or tape) will appear in the system tray
\includegraphics{tray-icon}; right click on it and a menu will appear.\\
\includegraphics{menu}\\
The {\bf Events} item is currently unimplemented, by selecting the {\bf
Status} item, you can verify whether any jobs are running or not. 

When the Bacula File Server begins saving files, the color of the holes in the
cassette icon will change from white to green \includegraphics{running},
and if there is an error, the holes in the cassette icon will change to red
\includegraphics{error}. 

If you are using remote desktop connections between your Windows boxes, be
warned that that tray icon does not always appear. It will always be visible
when you log into the console, but the remote desktop may not display it. 

\section{Post Windows Installation}
\index[general]{Post Windows Installation}
\index[general]{Windows!Post Installation}

After installing Bacula and before running it, you should check the contents
of the configuration files to ensure that they correspond to your
installation.  You can get to them by using:
the {\bf Start\-\gt{}All Programs\-\gt{}Bacula} menu item.

Finally, but pulling up the Task Manager (ctl-alt-del), verify that Bacula
is running as a process (not an Application) with User Name SYSTEM. If this is 
not the case, you probably have not installed Bacula while running as
Administrator, and hence it will be unlikely that Bacula can access
all the system files.

\section{Uninstalling Bacula on Windows}
\index[general]{Windows!Uninstalling Bacula}
\index[general]{Uninstalling Bacula on Windows}

Once Bacula has been installed, it can be uninstalled using the standard
Windows Add/Remove Programs dialog found on the Control panel. 

\section{Dealing with Windows Problems}
\label{problems}
\index[general]{Windows!Dealing with Problems}
\index[general]{Dealing with Windows Problems}

Sometimes Windows machines the File daemon may have very slow
backup transfer rates compared to other machines.  To you might
try setting the Maximum Network Buffer Size to 32,768 in both the
File daemon and in the Storage daemon. The default size is larger,
and apparently some Windows ethernet controllers do not deal with          
a larger network buffer size.

Many Windows ethernet drivers have a tendency to either run slowly 
due to old broken firmware, or because they are running in half-duplex
mode. Please check with the ethernet card manufacturer for the latest
firmware and use whatever techniques are necessary to ensure that the 
card is running in duplex.

If you are not using the portable option, and you have VSS
(Volume Shadow Copy) enabled in the Director, and you experience
problems with Bacula not being able to open files, it is most
likely that you are running an antivirus program that blocks
Bacula from doing certain operations. In this case, disable the
antivirus program and try another backup.  If it succeeds, either
get a different (better) antivirus program or use something like
RunClientJobBefore/After to turn off the antivirus program while
the backup is running.

If turning off anti-virus software does not resolve your VSS
problems, you might have to turn on VSS debugging.  The following
link describes how to do this:
\elink{http://support.microsoft.com/kb/887013/en-us}{http://support.microsoft.com/kb/887013/en-us}.

In Microsoft Windows Small Business Server 2003 the VSS Writer for Exchange
is turned off by default. To turn it on, please see the following link:
\elink{http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;Q838183}{http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;Q838183}


The most likely source of problems is authentication when the Director
attempts to connect to the File daemon that you installed. This can occur if
the names and the passwords defined in the File daemon's configuration file
{\bf bacula-fd.conf} file on
the Windows machine do not match with the names and the passwords in the
Director's configuration file {\bf bacula-dir.conf} located on your Unix/Linux
server. 

More specifically, the password found in the {\bf Client} resource in the
Director's configuration file must be the same as the password in the {\bf
Director} resource of the File daemon's configuration file. In addition, the
name of the {\bf Director} resource in the File daemon's configuration file
must be the same as the name in the {\bf Director} resource of the Director's
configuration file. 

It is a bit hard to explain in words, but if you understand that a Director
normally has multiple Clients and a Client (or File daemon) may permit access
by multiple Directors, you can see that the names and the passwords on both
sides must match for proper authentication. 

One user had serious problems with the configuration file until he realized
that the Unix end of line conventions were used and Bacula wanted them in
Windows format. This has not been confirmed though, and Bacula version 2.0.0 
and above should now accept all end of line conventions (Windows,
Unix, Mac).

Running Unix like programs on Windows machines is a bit frustrating because
the Windows command line shell (DOS Window) is rather primitive. As a
consequence, it is not generally possible to see the debug information and
certain error messages that Bacula prints. With a bit of work, however, it is
possible. When everything else fails and you want to {\bf see} what is going
on, try the following: 

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   Start a DOS shell Window.
   c:\Program Files\bacula\bacula-fd -t >out
   type out
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

The precise path to bacula-fd depends on where it is installed.
The {\bf -t} option will cause Bacula to read the configuration file, print
any error messages and then exit. the {\bf \gt{}} redirects the output to the
file named {\bf out}, which you can list with the {\bf type} command. 

If something is going wrong later, or you want to run {\bf Bacula} with a
debug option, you might try starting it as: 

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   c:\Program Files\bacula\bin\bacula-fd -d 100 >out
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

In this case, Bacula will run until you explicitly stop it, which will give
you a chance to connect to it from your Unix/Linux server. In later versions
of Bacula (1.34 on, I think), when you start the File daemon in debug mode it
can write the output to a trace file {\bf bacula.trace} in the current
directory. To enable this, before running a job, use the console, and enter: 

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   trace on
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

then run the job, and once you have terminated the File daemon, you will find
the debug output in the {\bf bacula.trace} file, which will probably be 
located in the same directory as bacula-fd.exe.

In addition, you should look in the System Applications log on the Control
Panel to find any Windows errors that Bacula got during the startup process. 

Finally, due to the above problems, when you turn on debugging, and specify
trace=1 on a setdebug command in the Console, Bacula will write the debug
information to the file {\bf bacula.trace} in the directory from which Bacula
is executing. 

If you are having problems with ClientRunBeforeJob scripts randomly dying, 
it is possible that you have run into an Oracle bug.  See bug number 622 in
the bugs.bacula.org database.  The following information has been
provided by a user on this issue:

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
The information in this document applies to:
 Oracle HTTP Server - Version: 9.0.4
 Microsoft Windows Server 2003
 Symptoms
 When starting an OC4J instance, the System Clock runs faster, about 7
seconds per minute.
 
 Cause
 
 + This is caused by the Sun JVM bug 4500388, which states that "Calling
Thread.sleep() with a small argument affects the system clock". Although
this is reported as fixed in JDK 1.4.0_02, several reports contradict this
(see the bug in
http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4500388).
 
 + Also reported by Microsoft as "The system clock may run fast when you
use the ACPI power management timer as a high-resolution counter on Windows
2000-based computers" (See http://support.microsoft.com/?id=821893)
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

You may wish to start the daemon with debug mode on rather than doing it
using bconsole. To do so, edit the following registry key:

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Bacula-dir
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

using regedit, then add -dnn after the /service option, where nn represents
the debug level you want.

\label{Compatibility}
\section{Windows Compatibility Considerations}
\index[general]{Windows Compatibility Considerations}
\index[general]{Considerations!Windows Compatibility}

If you are not using the VSS (Volume Shadow Copy) option described in the
next section of this chapter, and if any applications are running during
the backup and they have files opened exclusively, Bacula will not be able
to backup those files, so be sure you close your applications (or tell your
users to close their applications) before the backup.  Fortunately, most
Microsoft applications do not open files exclusively so that they can be
backed up.  However, you will need to experiment.  In any case, if Bacula
cannot open the file, it will print an error message, so you will always
know which files were not backed up.  For version 1.37.25 and greater, see
the section below on Volume Shadow Copy Service that permits backing up any
file.

During backup, Bacula doesn't know about the system registry, so you will
either need to write it out to an ASCII file using {\bf regedit~~/e} or use a
program specifically designed to make a copy or backup the registry. 

In Bacula version 1.31 and later, we use Windows backup API calls by
default.  Typical of Windows, programming these special BackupRead and
BackupWrite calls is a real nightmare of complications.  The end result
gives some distinct advantages and some disadvantages.

First, the advantages are that Windows systems, the security and
ownership information is now backed up.  In addition, with the exception of
files in exclusive use by another program, Bacula can now access all system
files.  This means that when you restore files, the security and ownership
information will be restored on Windows along with the data.

The disadvantage of the Windows backup API calls is that it produces
non-portable backups.  That is files and their data that are backed up on
Windows using the native API calls (BackupRead/BackupWrite) cannot be
directly restored on Linux or Unix systems.  Bacula should be able to read
non-portable backups on any system and restore the data appropriately.
However, on a system that does not have the BackupRead/BackupWrite calls
(older Windows versions and all Unix/Linux machines), though the file data
can be restored, the Windows security and access control data will not be
restored.  This means that a standard set of access permissions will be set
for such restored files.
        

As a default, Bacula backs up Windows systems using the Windows API calls.
If you want to backup data on a Windows system and restore it on a
Unix or Linux system, we have provided a special {\bf portable} option
that backs up the data in a portable fashion by using portable API calls.
See the \ilink{portable option}{portable} on the Include statement in a
FileSet resource in the Director's configuration chapter for the details on
setting this option.  However, using the portable option means you may have
permissions problems accessing files, and none of the security and
ownership information will be backed up or restored.  The file data can,
however, be restored on any system.

You should always be able to restore any file backed up on Unix or Win95/98/Me
to any other system. On some older Windows systems, you may have to
reset the ownership of such restored files. 

Finally, if you specify the {\bf portable=yes} option on the files you back
up. Bacula will be able to restore them on any other system. However, any
Windows specific security and ownership information will be lost. 

The following matrix will give you an idea of what you can expect. Thanks to
Marc Brueckner for doing the tests: 

\LTXtable{\linewidth}{table_restoreportabilitystatus}

Note: with Bacula versions 1.39.x and later, non-portable Windows data can
be restore to any machine.


\label{VSS}
\section{Volume Shadow Copy Service}
\index[general]{Volume Shadow Copy Service}
\index[general]{VSS}
Microsoft added VSS to Windows XP and Windows 2003. From the perspective of
a backup-solution for Windows, this is an extremely important step. VSS
allows Bacula to backup open files and even to interact with applications like
RDBMS to produce consistent file copies. VSS aware applications are called
VSS Writers, they register with the OS so that when Bacula wants to do a
Snapshot, the OS will notify the register Writer programs, which may then
create a consistent state in their application, which will be backed up.
Examples for these writers are "MSDE" (Microsoft database
engine), "Event Log Writer", "Registry Writer" plus 3rd
party-writers.  If you have a non-vss aware application (e.g.
SQL Anywhere or probably MySQL), a shadow copy is still generated
and the open files can be backed up, but there is no guarantee
that the file is consistent.

Bacula produces a message from each of the registered writer programs
when it is doing a VSS backup so you know which ones are correctly backed
up.

Technically Bacula creates a shadow copy as soon as the backup process
starts. It does then backup all files from the shadow copy and destroys the
shadow copy after the backup process. Please have in mind, that VSS
creates a snapshot and thus backs up the system at the state it had
when starting the backup. It will disregard file changes which occur during
the backup process.

VSS can be turned on by placing an

\index[dir]{Enable VSS}
\index[general]{Enable VSS}
\begin{verbatim}
Enable VSS = yes
\end{verbatim}

in your FileSet resource. 

The VSS aware File daemon has the letters VSS on the signon line that
it produces when contacted by the console. For example:
\begin{verbatim}
Tibs-fd Version: 1.37.32 (22 July 2005) VSS Windows XP MVS NT 5.1.2600
\end{verbatim}
the VSS is shown in the line above. This only means that the File daemon
is capable of doing VSS not that VSS is turned on for a particular backup.
There are two ways of telling if VSS is actually turned on during a backup.
The first is to look at the status output for a job, e.g.:
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
Running Jobs:
JobId 1 Job NightlySave.2005-07-23_13.25.45 is running.
    VSS Backup Job started: 23-Jul-05 13:25
    Files=70,113 Bytes=3,987,180,650 Bytes/sec=3,244,247
    Files Examined=75,021
    Processing file: c:/Documents and Settings/kern/My Documents/My Pictures/Misc1/Sans titre - 39.pdd
    SDReadSeqNo=5 fd=352
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize
Here, you see under Running Jobs that JobId 1 is "VSS Backup Job started ..." 
This means that VSS is enabled for that job.  If VSS is not enabled, it will
simply show "Backup Job started ..." without the letters VSS.

The second way to know that the job was backed up with VSS is to look at the 
Job Report, which will look something like the following:
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
23-Jul 13:25 rufus-dir: Start Backup JobId 1, Job=NightlySave.2005-07-23_13.25.45
23-Jul 13:26 rufus-sd: Wrote label to prelabeled Volume "TestVolume001" on device "DDS-4" (/dev/nst0)
23-Jul 13:26 rufus-sd: Spooling data ...
23-Jul 13:26 Tibs: Generate VSS snapshots. Driver="VSS WinXP", Drive(s)="C"
23-Jul 13:26 Tibs: VSS Writer: "MSDEWriter", State: 1 (VSS_WS_STABLE)
23-Jul 13:26 Tibs: VSS Writer: "Microsoft Writer (Bootable State)", State: 1 (VSS_WS_STABLE)
23-Jul 13:26 Tibs: VSS Writer: "WMI Writer", State: 1 (VSS_WS_STABLE)
23-Jul 13:26 Tibs: VSS Writer: "Microsoft Writer (Service State)", State: 1 (VSS_WS_STABLE)
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize
In the above Job Report listing, you see that the VSS snapshot was generated for drive C (if
other drives are backed up, they will be listed on the {\bf Drive(s)="C"}  You also see the
reports from each of the writer program.  Here they all report VSS\_WS\_STABLE, which means
that you will get a consistent snapshot of the data handled by that writer.

\section{VSS Problems}
\index[general]{Problems!VSS}
\index[fd] {Problems!VSS}
\index[general]{VSS Problems}
\index[fd]{VSS Problems}

If you are experiencing problems such as VSS hanging on MSDE, first try
running {\bf vssadmin} to check for problems, then try running {\bf
ntbackup} which also uses VSS to see if it has similar problems. If so, you
know that the problem is in your Windows machine and not with Bacula.

The FD hang problems were reported with {\bf MSDEwriter} when:
\begin{itemize}
\item a local firewall locked local access to the MSDE TCP port (MSDEwriter
seems to use TCP/IP and not Named Pipes).  
\item msdtcs was installed to run under "localsystem": try running msdtcs
under  networking account (instead of local system) (com+ seems to work
better with this configuration).
\end{itemize}


\section{Windows Firewalls}
\index[general]{Firewalls!Windows}
\index[general]{Windows Firewalls}

If you turn on the firewalling feature on Windows (default in WinXP SP2), you
are likely to find that the Bacula ports are blocked and you cannot
communicate to the other daemons. This can be deactivated through the {\bf
Security Notification} dialog, which is apparently somewhere in the {\bf
Security Center}. I don't have this on my computer, so I cannot give the exact
details. 

The command: 

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
netsh firewall set opmode disable
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

is purported to disable the firewall, but this command is not accepted on my
WinXP Home machine. 

\section{Windows Port Usage}
\index[general]{Windows Port Usage}
\index[general]{Usage!Windows Port}

If you want to see if the File daemon has properly opened the port and is
listening, you can enter the following command in a shell window: 

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   netstat -an | findstr 910[123]
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

TopView is another program that has been recommend, but it is not a
standard Windows program, so you must find and download it from the Internet.

\section{Windows Disaster Recovery}
\index[general]{Recovery!Windows Disaster}
\index[general]{Windows Disaster Recovery}

We don't currently have a good solution for disaster recovery on Windows as we
do on Linux. The main piece lacking is a Windows boot floppy or a Windows boot
CD. Microsoft releases a Windows Pre-installation Environment ({\bf WinPE})
that could possibly work, but we have not investigated it. This means that
until someone figures out the correct procedure, you must restore the OS from
the installation disks, then you can load a Bacula client and restore files.
Please don't count on using {\bf bextract} to extract files from your backup
tapes during a disaster recovery unless you have backed up those files using
the {\bf portable} option. {\bf bextract} does not run on Windows, and the
normal way Bacula saves files using the Windows API prevents the files from
being restored on a Unix machine. Once you have an operational Windows OS
loaded, you can run the File daemon and restore your user files. 

Please see 
\ilink{Disaster Recovery of Windows Systems}{Windows33} for the latest
suggestion, which looks very promising. 

It looks like Bart PE Builder, which creates a Windows PE (Pre-installation
Environment) Boot-CD, may be just what is needed to build a complete disaster
recovery system for Windows. This distribution can be found at 
\elink{http://www.nu2.nu/pebuilder/}{http://www.nu2.nu/pebuilder/}.

\section{Windows Restore Problems}
\index[general]{Problems!Windows Restore}
\index[general]{Windows Restore Problems}
Please see the  
\ilink{Restore Chapter}{Windows} of this manual for problems
that you might encounter doing a restore.

section{Windows Backup Problems}
\index[general]{Problems!Windows Backup}
\index[general]{Windows Backup Problems}
If during a Backup, you get the message: 
{\bf ERR=Access is denied} and you are using the portable option,
you should try both adding both the non-portable (backup API) and
the Volume Shadow Copy options to your Director's conf file.

In the Options resource:
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
portable = no
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

In the FileSet resource:
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
enablevss = yes
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

In general, specifying these two options should allow you to backup
any file on a Windows system.  However, in some cases, if users
have allowed to have full control of their folders, even system programs
such a Bacula can be locked out.  In this case, you must identify
which folders or files are creating the problem and do the following:

\begin{enumerate}
\item Grant ownership of the file/folder to the Administrators group,
with the option to replace the owner on all child objects.
\item Grant full control permissions to the Administrators group,
and change the user's group to only have Modify permission to
the file/folder and all child objects.
\end{enumerate}

Thanks to Georger Araujo for the above information.

\section{Windows Ownership and Permissions Problems}
\index[general]{Problems!Windows Ownership and Permissions}
\index[general]{Windows Ownership and Permissions Problems}

If you restore files backed up from Windows to an alternate directory,
Bacula may need to create some higher level directories that were not saved
(or restored). In this case, the File daemon will create them under the SYSTEM
account because that is the account that Bacula runs under as a service. As of
version 1.32f-3, Bacula creates these files with full access permission.
However, there may be cases where you have problems accessing those files even
if you run as administrator. In principle, Microsoft supplies you with the way
to cease the ownership of those files and thus change the permissions.
However, a much better solution to working with and changing Windows permissions
is the program {\bf SetACL}, which can be found at 
\elink{http://setacl.sourceforge.net/}{http://setacl.sourceforge.net/}. 

If you have not installed Bacula while running as Administrator
and if Bacula is not running as a Process with the userid (User Name) SYSTEM, 
then it is very unlikely that it will have sufficient permission to
access all your files. 

Some users have experienced problems restoring files that participate in
the Active Directory. They also report that changing the userid under which
Bacula (bacula-fd.exe) runs, from SYSTEM to a Domain Admin userid, resolves
the problem.


\section{Manually resetting the Permissions}
\index[general]{Manually resetting the Permissions}
\index[general]{Permissions!Manually resetting the}

The following solution was provided by Dan Langille \lt{}dan at langille in
the dot org domain\gt{}. The steps are performed using Windows 2000 Server but
they should apply to most Windows platforms. The procedure outlines how to deal
with a problem which arises when a restore creates a top-level new directory.
In this example, "top-level" means something like {\bf
c:\textbackslash{}src}, not {\bf c:\textbackslash{}tmp\textbackslash{}src}
where {\bf c:\textbackslash{}tmp} already exists. If a restore job specifies /
as the {\bf Where:} value, this problem will arise. 

The problem appears as a directory which cannot be browsed with Windows
Explorer. The symptoms include the following message when you try to click on
that directory: 

\begin{center}
\includegraphics{access-is-denied} 
\end{center}

If you encounter this message, the following steps will change the permissions
to allow full access. 

\begin{enumerate}
\item right click on the top level directory (in this example, {\bf c:/src})
   and  select {\bf Properties}. 
\item click on the Security tab. 
\item If the following message appears, you can ignore it, and click on {\bf
   OK}. 

\begin{center}
\includegraphics{view-only} 
\end{center}
You should see something like this: 

\begin{center}
\includegraphics{properties-security} 
\end{center}
\item click on Advanced 
\item click on the Owner tab 
\item Change the owner to something other than the current owner (which is
   {\bf SYSTEM} in this example as shown below). 

\begin{center}
\includegraphics{properties-security-advanced-owner} 
\end{center}
\item ensure the "Replace owner on subcontainers and objects" box is 
   checked 
\item click on OK 
\item When the message "You do not have permission to read the contents of
   directory c:\textbackslash{}src\textbackslash{}basis. Do you wish to replace
   the directory permissions with permissions granting you Full Control?", click
on Yes. 

\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{confirm} 
\end{center}
\item Click on OK to close the Properties tab 
   \end{enumerate}

With the above procedure, you should now have full control over your restored
directory. 

In addition to the above methods of changing permissions, there is a Microsoft
program named {\bf cacls} that can perform similar functions.

\section{Backing Up the WinNT/XP/2K System State}
\index[general]{State!Backing Up the WinNT/XP/2K System}
\index[general]{Backing Up the WinNT/XP/2K System State}

Note, most of this section applies to the older Windows OSes that
do not have VSS. On newer Windows OSes that have VSS, all files
including the System State will by default be properly backed
up by Bacula.

A suggestion by Damian Coutts using Microsoft's NTBackup utility in
conjunction with Bacula should permit a full restore of any damaged system
files on Win2K/XP. His suggestion is to do an NTBackup of the critical system
state prior to running a Bacula backup with the following command: 

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
ntbackup backup systemstate /F c:\systemstate.bkf
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

The {\bf backup} is the command, the {\bf systemstate} says to backup only the
system state and not all the user files, and the {\bf /F
c:\textbackslash{}systemstate.bkf} specifies where to write the state file.
this file must then be saved and restored by Bacula. 

To restore the system state, you first reload a base operating system if the
OS is damaged, otherwise, this is not necessary, then you would use Bacula to
restore all the damaged or lost user's files and to recover the {\bf
c:\textbackslash{}systemstate.bkf} file. Finally if there are any damaged or
missing system files or registry problems, you run {\bf NTBackup} and {\bf
catalogue} the system statefile, and then select it for restore. The
documentation says you can't run a command line restore of the systemstate. 

To the best of my knowledge, this has not yet been tested. If you test it,
please report your results to the Bacula email list. 

Note, Bacula uses VSS to backup and restore open files and
system files, but on older Windows machines such as WinNT and
Win2000, VSS is not implemented by Microsoft so that you must
use some special techniques to back them up as described
above.  On new Windows machines, Bacula will backup and restore
all files including the system state providing you have
VSS enabled in your Bacula FileSet (default).

\section{Fixing the Windows Boot Record}
\index[general]{Fixing the Windows Boot Record}
\index[general]{Windows!Fixing the Boot Record}
A tip from a user:
An effective way to restore a Windows backup for
those who do not purchase the bare metal restore
capability is to install Windows on a different
hard drive and restore the backup.  Then run the
recovery CD and run

\begin{verbatim}
diskpart
   select disk 0
   select part 1
   active
   exit

bootrec /rebuldbcd
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /fixmbr
\end{verbatim}


\section{Considerations for Filename Specifications}
\index[general]{Windows!Considerations for Filename Specifications}

Please see the 
\ilink{Director's Configuration chapter}{win32} of this manual
for important considerations on how to specify Windows paths in Bacula FileSet
Include and Exclude directives. 

\index[general]{Unicode}
Bacula versions prior to 1.37.28 do not support Windows Unicode filenames.
As of that version, both {\bf bconsole} and {\bf bwx-console} support Windows
Unicode filenames. There may still be some problems with multiple byte
characters (e.g. Chinese, ...) where it is a two byte character but the
displayed character is not two characters wide.

\index[general]{Windows Path Length Restriction}
Path/filenames longer than 260 characters (up to 32,000) are supported
beginning with Bacula version 1.39.20. Older Bacula versions support
only 260 character path/filenames.

\section{Windows Specific File daemon Command Line}
\index[general]{Client!Windows Specific File daemon Command Line Options}
\index[general]{Windows Specific File daemon Command Line Options}

These options are not normally seen or used by the user, and are documented
here only for information purposes. At the current time, to change the default
options, you must either manually run {\bf Bacula} or you must manually edit
the system registry and modify the appropriate entries. 

In order to avoid option clashes between the options necessary for {\bf
Bacula} to run on Windows and the standard Bacula options, all Windows
specific options are signaled with a forward slash character (/), while as
usual, the standard Bacula options are signaled with a minus (-), or a minus
minus (\verb:--:). All the standard Bacula options can be used on the Windows
version. In addition, the following Windows only options are implemented: 

\begin{description}

\item [/service ]
   \index[fd]{/service}
   Start Bacula as a service 

\item [/run ]
   \index[fd]{/run}
   Run the Bacula application  

\item [/install ]
   \index[fd]{/install}
   Install Bacula as a service in the system registry  

\item [/remove ]
   \index[fd]{/remove}
   Uninstall Bacula from the system registry  

\item [/about ]
   \index[fd]{/about}
   Show the Bacula about dialogue box  

\item [/status ]
   \index[fd]{/status}
   Show the Bacula status dialogue box  

\item [/events ]
   \index[fd]{/events}
   Show the Bacula events dialogue box (not  yet implemented)  

\item [/kill ]
   \index[fd]{/kill}
   Stop any running {\bf Bacula}  

\item [/help ]
   \index[fd]{/help}
   Show the Bacula help dialogue box 
\end{description}

It is important to note that under normal circumstances the user should never
need to use these options as they are normally handled by the system
automatically once Bacula is installed. However, you may note these options in
some of the .bat files that have been created for your use. 

\section{Shutting down Windows Systems}
\index[general]{Shutting down Windows Systems}
\index[general]{Systems!Shutting down Windows}

Some users like to shutdown their Windows machines after a backup using a
Client Run After Job directive. If you want to do something similar, you might
take the shutdown program from the 
\elink{apcupsd project}{http://www.apcupsd.com} or one from the 
\elink{Sysinternals project}{http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897541.aspx}.