%%
%%
-\section*{Autochanger Support}
-\label{_ChapterStart18}
+\chapter{Autochanger Support}
+\label{AutochangersChapter}
\index[general]{Support!Autochanger }
\index[general]{Autochanger Support }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Autochanger Support}
-
-\subsection*{Autochangers -- General}
-\index[general]{General!Autochangers -- }
-\index[general]{Autochangers -- General }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Autochangers -- General}
Bacula provides autochanger support for reading and writing tapes. In
order to work with an autochanger, Bacula requires a number of things, each of
\begin{itemize}
\item A script that actually controls the autochanger according to commands
sent by Bacula. We furnish such a script that works with {\bf mtx} found in
- the {\bf depkgs} distribution. This script works only with single drive
- autochangers.
+ the {\bf depkgs} distribution.
+
\item That each Volume (tape) to be used must be defined in the Catalog and
have a Slot number assigned to it so that Bacula knows where the Volume is in
- the autochanger. This is generally done with the {\bf label} command. See
+ the autochanger. This is generally done with the {\bf label} command,
+ but can also done after the tape is labeled using the {\bf update slots}
+ command. See
below for more details. You must pre-label the tapes manually before
- using them.
+ using them.
+
\item Modifications to your Storage daemon's Device configuration resource to
identify that the device is a changer, as well as a few other parameters.
+
\item You should also modify your Storage resource definition in the
Director's configuration file so that you are automatically prompted for the
Slot when labeling a Volume.
+
\item You need to ensure that your Storage daemon (if not running as root)
has access permissions to both the tape drive and the control device.
+
\item You need to have {\bf Autochanger = yes} in your Storage resource
in your bacula-dir.conf file so that you will be prompted for the
slot number when you label Volumes.
In version 1.37 and later, there is a new \ilink{Autochanger
resource}{AutochangerRes} that permits you to group Device resources thus
creating a multi-drive autochanger. If you have an autochanger,
-you must use this new resource.
+you {\bf must} use this new resource.
Bacula uses its own {\bf mtx-changer} script to interface with a program
that actually does the tape changing. Thus in principle, {\bf mtx-changer}
-can be adapted to function with any autochanger program. The current
+can be adapted to function with any autochanger program, or you can
+call any other script or program. The current
version of {\bf mtx-changer} works with the {\bf mtx} program. However,
FreeBSD users have provided a script in the {\bf examples/autochangers}
directory that allows Bacula to use the {\bf chio} program.
Support" section below.
Current Bacula autochanger support does not include cleaning, stackers, or
-silos. However, under certain conditions, you may be able to make Bacula
-work with stackers (gravity feed and such). Support for multi-drive
+silos. Stackers and silos are not supported because Bacula expects to
+be able to access the Slots randomly.
+However, if you are very careful to setup Bacula to access the Volumes
+in the autochanger sequentially, you may be able to make Bacula
+work with stackers (gravity feed and such).
+
+Support for multi-drive
autochangers requires the \ilink{Autochanger resource}{AutochangerRes}
introduced in version 1.37. This resource is also recommended for single
drive autochangers.
just a question of adapting the {\bf mtx-changer} script (or selecting one
already adapted) for proper interfacing. You can find a list of autochangers
supported by {\bf mtx} at the following link:
-\elink{http://mtx.badtux.net/compatibility.php}
-{http://mtx.badtux.net/compatibility.php}.
+\elink{http://mtx.opensource-sw.net/compatibility.php}
+{http://mtx.opensource-sw.net/compatibility.php}.
The home page for the {\bf mtx} project can be found at:
-\elink{http://mtx.badtux.net/}{http://mtx.badtux.net/}.
+\elink{http://mtx.opensource-sw.net/}{http://mtx.opensource-sw.net/}.
+
+Note, we have feedback from some users that there are certain
+incompatibilities between the Linux kernel and mtx. For example between
+kernel 2.6.18-8.1.8.el5 of CentOS and RedHat and version 1.3.10 and 1.3.11
+of mtx. This was fixed by upgrading to a version 2.6.22 kernel.
+
+In addition, apparently certain versions of mtx, for example, version
+1.3.11 limit the number of slots to a maximum of 64. The solution was to
+use version 1.3.10.
If you are having troubles, please use the {\bf auto} command in the {\bf
btape} program to test the functioning of your autochanger with Bacula. When
root.root}, so you will need to ensure that the Storage daemon has sufficient
permissions to access the autochanger.
+Some users have reported that the the Storage daemon blocks under certain
+circumstances in trying to mount a volume on a drive that has a different
+volume loaded. As best we can determine, this is simply a matter of
+waiting a bit. The drive was previously in use writing a Volume, and
+sometimes the drive will remain BLOCKED for a good deal of time (up to 7
+minutes on a slow drive) waiting for the cassette to rewind and to unload
+before the drive can be used with a different Volume.
+
\label{SCSI devices}
-\subsection*{Knowing What SCSI Devices You Have}
+\section{Knowing What SCSI Devices You Have}
\index[general]{Have!Knowing What SCSI Devices You }
\index[general]{Knowing What SCSI Devices You Have }
\index[general]{SCSI devices}
\index[general]{devices!SCSI}
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Knowing What SCSI Devices You Have}
Under Linux, you can
first, {\bf /dev/sg1} for the second, ...) on the {\bf Changer Device = }
Bacula directive.
+For more detailed information on what SCSI devices you have please see
+the \ilink{Linux SCSI Tricks}{SCSITricks} section of the Tape Testing
+chapter of this manual.
+
Under FreeBSD, you can use:
\footnotesize
device.
The following tip for FreeBSD users comes from Danny Butroyd:
-n reboot bacula will NOT have permissions to
+on reboot Bacula will NOT have permission to
control the device /dev/pass0 (assuming this is your changer device).
To get around this just edit the /etc/devfs.conf file and add the
-following to the bottom of the config file:
+following to the bottom:
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
own pass0 root:bacula
perm nsa0.0 0666
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize
-I have given the bacula group permission to write to the nsa0.0 device
+
+This gives the bacula group permission to write to the nsa0.0 device
too just to be on the safe side. To bring these changes into effect
just run:-
/etc/rc.d/devfs restart
-Basically this will stop you having to change permissions on these
-devices to make bacula work when operating the AutoChanger after a reboot.
+Basically this will stop you having to manually change permissions on these
+devices to make Bacula work when operating the AutoChanger after a reboot.
\label{scripts}
-
-\subsection*{Example Scripts}
+\section{Example Scripts}
\index[general]{Scripts!Example }
\index[general]{Example Scripts }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Example Scripts}
Please read the sections below so that you understand how autochangers work
with Bacula. Although we supply a default {\bf mtx-changer} script, your
\label{Slots}
-\subsection*{Slots}
+\section{Slots}
\index[general]{Slots }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Slots}
To properly address autochangers, Bacula must know which Volume is in each
{\bf slot} of the autochanger. Slots are where the changer cartridges reside
Bacula will not automatically use a Volume in your autochanger unless it is
labeled and the slot number is stored in the catalog and the Volume is marked
-as InChanger. For each Volume in your
+as InChanger. This is because it must know where each volume is (slot) to
+be able to load the volume.
+For each Volume in your
changer, you will, using the Console program, assign a slot. This information
is kept in {\bf Bacula's} catalog database along with the other data for the
volume. If no slot is given, or the slot is set to zero, Bacula will not
attempt to use the autochanger even if all the necessary configuration records
-are present. In addition, the console {\bf mount} command does not cause
-Bacula to operate the autochanger, it only tells Bacula to read any tape that
-may be in the drive.
+are present. When doing a {\bf mount} command on an autochanger, you must
+specify which slot you want mounted. If the drive is loaded with a tape
+from another slot, it will unload it and load the correct tape, but
+normally, no tape will be loaded because an {\bf unmount} command causes
+Bacula to unload the tape in the drive.
+
You can check if the Slot number and InChanger flag are set by doing a:
\begin{verbatim}
in the Console program.
\label{mult}
-\subsection*{Multiple Devices}
-\index[general]{Devices!Multiple }
-\index[general]{Multiple Devices }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Multiple Devices}
+\section{Multiple Devices}
+\index[general]{Devices!Multiple}
+\index[general]{Multiple Devices}
Some autochangers have more than one read/write device (drive). The
-new
-\ilink{Autochanger resource}{AutochangerRes} introduced in version
+new \ilink{Autochanger resource}{AutochangerRes} introduced in version
1.37 permits you to group Device resources, where each device
represents a drive. The Director may still reference the Devices (drives)
directly, but doing so, bypasses the proper functioning of the
Device} (control channel) as the first drive, but a different {\bf Archive
Device}.
+As a default, Bacula jobs will prefer to write to a Volume that is
+already mounted. If you have a multiple drive autochanger and you want
+Bacula to write to more than one Volume in the same Pool at the same
+time, you will need to set \ilink{Prefer Mounted Volumes} {PreferMountedVolumes}
+in the Directors Job resource to {\bf no}. This will cause
+the Storage daemon to maximize the use of drives.
+
+
\label{ConfigRecords}
-\subsection*{Device Configuration Records}
+\section{Device Configuration Records}
\index[general]{Records!Device Configuration }
\index[general]{Device Configuration Records }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Device Configuration Records}
Configuration of autochangers within Bacula is done in the Device resource of
the Storage daemon. Four records: {\bf Autochanger}, {\bf Changer Device},
\input{autochangerres}
\label{example}
-\subsection*{An Example Configuration File}
+\section{An Example Configuration File}
\index[general]{Example Configuration File }
\index[general]{File!Example Configuration }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Example Configuration File}
The following two resources implement an autochanger:
the path to the {\bf Changer Command} to correspond to the values used on your
system.
-\subsection*{A Multi-drive Example Configuration File}
+\section{A Multi-drive Example Configuration File}
\index[general]{Multi-drive Example Configuration File }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{A Multi-drive Example Configuration File}
The following resources implement a multi-drive autochanger:
system.
\label{SpecifyingSlots}
-\subsection*{Specifying Slots When Labeling}
+\section{Specifying Slots When Labeling}
\index[general]{Specifying Slots When Labeling }
\index[general]{Labeling!Specifying Slots When }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Specifying Slots When Labeling}
If you add an {\bf Autochanger = yes} record to the Storage resource in your
Director's configuration file, the Bacula Console will automatically prompt
Any slot containing a barcode of CLNxxxx will be treated as a cleaning tape
and will not be mounted.
-\subsection*{Changing Cartridges}
+\section{Changing Cartridges}
\index[general]{Changing Cartridges }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Changing Cartridges}
If you wish to insert or remove cartridges in your autochanger or
you manually run the {\bf mtx} program, you must first tell Bacula
to release the autochanger by doing:
\label{Magazines}
-\subsection*{Dealing with Multiple Magazines}
+\section{Dealing with Multiple Magazines}
\index[general]{Dealing with Multiple Magazines }
\index[general]{Magazines!Dealing with Multiple }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Dealing with Multiple Magazines}
If you have several magazines or if you insert or remove cartridges from a
magazine, you should notify Bacula of this. By doing so, Bacula will as
\end{enumerate}
\label{simulating}
-\subsection*{Simulating Barcodes in your Autochanger}
+\section{Simulating Barcodes in your Autochanger}
\index[general]{Autochanger!Simulating Barcodes in your }
\index[general]{Simulating Barcodes in your Autochanger }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Simulating Barcodes in your Autochanger}
You can simulate barcodes in your autochanger by making the {\bf mtx-changer}
script return the same information that an autochanger with barcodes would do.
your autochanger will appear to Bacula to be an autochanger with barcodes.
\label{updateslots}
-\subsection*{The Full Form of the Update Slots Command}
+\section{The Full Form of the Update Slots Command}
\index[general]{Full Form of the Update Slots Command }
\index[general]{Command!Full Form of the Update Slots }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Full Form of the Update Slots Command}
If you change only one cartridge in the magazine, you may not want to scan all
Volumes, so the {\bf update slots} command (as well as the {\bf update slots
not find any Volume names so will do nothing.
\label{FreeBSD}
-\subsection*{FreeBSD Issues}
+\section{FreeBSD Issues}
\index[general]{Issues!FreeBSD }
\index[general]{FreeBSD Issues }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{FreeBSD Issues}
If you are having problems on FreeBSD when Bacula tries to select a tape, and
the message is {\bf Device not configured}, this is because FreeBSD has made
autochanger testing.
\label{AutochangerTesting}
-\subsection*{Testing the Autochanger and Adapting Your mtx-changer Script}
-\index[general]{Testing the Autochanger and Adapting Your mtx-changer Script }
-\index[general]{Script!Testing the Autochanger and Adapting Your mtx-changer }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Testing the Autochanger and Adapting Your
-mtx-changer Script}
+\section{Testing Autochanger and Adapting mtx-changer script}
+\index[general]{Testing the Autochanger }
+\index[general]{Adapting Your mtx-changer script}
+
Before attempting to use the autochanger with Bacula, it is preferable to
"hand-test" that the changer works. To do so, we suggest you do the
if {\bf /dev/sg0} is incorrect. For example, on FreeBSD systems, the
autochanger SCSI control device is generally {\bf /dev/pass2}.
-\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ slots \ 0 \ /dev/nst0 \ 0]
+\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ slots ]
\index[sd]{mtx-changer slots}
This command should return the number of slots in your autochanger.
-\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ unload \ ]
+\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ unload \ 1 \ /dev/nst0 \ 0 ]
\index[sd]{mtx-changer unload}
- If a tape is loaded, this should cause it to be unloaded.
+ If a tape is loaded from slot 1, this should cause it to be unloaded.
\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ load \ 3 \ /dev/nst0 \ 0 ]
\index[sd]{mtx-changer load}
-Assuming you have a tape in slot 3, it will be loaded into the read slot (0).
+Assuming you have a tape in slot 3, it will be loaded into drive (0).
\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ loaded \ 0 \ /dev/nst0 \ 0]
\index[sd]{mtx-changer loaded}
It should print "3"
+Note, we have used an "illegal" slot number 0. In this case, it is simply
+ignored because the slot number is not used. However, it must be specified
+because the drive parameter at the end of the command is needed to select
+the correct drive.
+
+\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ unload \ 3 /dev/nst0 \ 0]
+
+will unload the tape into slot 3.
-\item [/etc/bacula/mtx-changer \ /dev/sg0 \ unload]
\end{description}
Once all the above commands work correctly, assuming that you have the right
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
-/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 unload
-/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 load 3
+/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 unload 1 /dev/nst0 0
+/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 load 3 /dev/nst0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
\end{verbatim}
\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
-/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 unload
+/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 unload 1 /dev/nst0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 offline
-/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 load 3
+/etc/bacula/mtx-changer /dev/sg0 load 3 /dev/nst0 0
mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
mt -f /dev/st0 weof
\end{verbatim}
\label{using}
-\subsection*{Using the Autochanger}
+\section{Using the Autochanger}
\index[general]{Using the Autochanger }
\index[general]{Autochanger!Using the }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Using the Autochanger}
Let's assume that you have properly defined the necessary Storage daemon
Device records, and you have added the {\bf Autochanger = yes} record to the
\label{Barcodes}
-\subsection*{Barcode Support}
+\section{Barcode Support}
\index[general]{Support!Barcode }
\index[general]{Barcode Support }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Barcode Support}
Bacula provides barcode support with two Console commands, {\bf label
barcodes} and {\bf update slots}.
\label{interface}
-\subsection*{Bacula Autochanger Interface}
+\section{Bacula Autochanger Interface}
\index[general]{Interface!Bacula Autochanger }
\index[general]{Bacula Autochanger Interface }
-\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{Bacula Autochanger Interface}
Bacula calls the autochanger script that you specify on the {\bf Changer
Device} statement. Normally this script will be the {\bf mtx-changer} script
-that we can provide, but it can in fact be any program. The only requirements
-are that the "commands" that Bacula uses are {\bf loaded}, {\bf load}, {\bf
+that we provide, but it can in fact be any program. The only requirement
+for the script is that it must understand the commands that
+Bacula uses, which are {\bf loaded}, {\bf load}, {\bf
unload}, {\bf list}, and {\bf slots}. In addition,
each of those commands must return the information in the precise format as
specified below:
\normalsize
Bacula checks the exit status of the program called, and if it is zero, the
-data is accepted. If the exit status is non-zero, Bacula ignores any
-information returned and treats the drive as if it is not an autochanger.
+data is accepted. If the exit status is non-zero, Bacula will print an
+error message and request the tape be manually mounted on the drive.
projects / bacula / docs / blobdiff